Energy efficient commercial and institutional buildings

Pierre JaboyedoffSeminar on

Energy Efficient & Thermally Comfortable Buildings in Amravati

For CRDA, Andhra Pradesh

2nd May 2017Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency ProjectProject Management and Technical Unit (PMTU) 1 of 21

Energy efficient designExamples abroad and in India

• International examples▪ Integrated design comparison of different solution of

building architecture, natural ventilation and HVAC

systems

▪ Mainstreaming high performance office buildings (EPI

HVAC):Measured results in Zurich Minergie labelled

office buildings

• Indian energy efficient buildings▪ BEEP design charrettes

▪ Example of other Indian energy efficient buildings

What is energy performance index for commercial buildings

Source: BEE Star rating for Office Building & BEE Star rating for BPO

Main Meter

Renewable electricity

Grid Electricity

DG Electricity

Built-up area (m2)

Energy Performance Index (EPI) (kWh/m2.y) =Annual Grid Electricity + Annual DG Electricity

Built−up area

✓

✓

Total electricity

Parametric studies in the frame of an early integrated design process for a high rise building in Paris

• Parametric studies by varying parameters like:▪ Geometry of the building

▪ Windows to wall ratio

▪ Glazing and dynamic shading characteristics

▪ Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, hybrid systems

▪ HVAC system choices, heat recovery, …

▪ HVAC system performances

▪ Passive and hybrid systems and combinations

▪ …

Option 1 (baseline)

Option 1: Square deep floor plate (2000 m2), poor envelope, no dynamic solar shading device, mechanical ventilation without heat recovery (reference case for comparison with typical existing high rise building)

38m

60 postes de travail

1065 m2 SHON

27m

Plan libre

Espace fermé

RéunionsBox individuel

Reprographie

Sanitaires

Locaux techniquesAscenseur

Option 2

Option 2: Square deep floor plate (2000 m2), good quality envelope, dynamic solar shading device (Solar heat gain coefficient = 15%), mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, natural ventilation on the peripheral zones (Compact high performance building)

65m

18m

Plan libre

Espace ferméRéunions

Box individuel

Reprographie

SanitairesLocaux techniques

Ascenseur69 postes de travail 1189 m2 SHON

Option 3

Option 3: shallow floor plate (2000 m2, 130 m width, 15.4 m depth), good quality envelope, dynamic solar shading device (Solar gain coefficient = 15%), mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, natural ventilation on the peripheral zones (Shallow plate “bioclimatic” design)

36m

25m53m

19m

13m

13,83m

Option 4

Option 4: shallow floor plate (2000 m2, 130 m width, 15.4 m depth), good quality envelope, dynamic solar shading device (Solar gain coefficient = 15%), mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, natural ventilation between peripheral and central zones (Shallow plate “bioclimatic” design with cross ventilation)

15m

16,5m

13m

15m

47m 11m 26m 44m

3 D View of the design at La Défense, Paris

Energy performance index (EPI) of the 4 options

38m

60 p

oste

s d

e t

ravail

1065 m

2 S

HO

N27m

Pla

n lib

re

Espace ferm

é

Réunio

ns

Box indiv

iduel

Repro

gra

phie

Sanitaires

Locaux t

echniq

ues

Ascenseur

65m

18m

Pla

n lib

re

Espace ferm

éR

éunio

ns

Box indiv

iduel

Repro

gra

phie

Sanitaires

Locaux t

echniq

ues

Ascenseur

69 p

oste

s d

e t

ravail

1189 m

2 S

HO

N

Mainstreaming high performance office buildings (EPI HVAC):Measured results in Zurich Minergie labelled office buildings

EPI HVAC (total)

Heating demand

Electricity for cooling

Electricity for air transport

External movable lamella blinds(SHGC < 0.08 closed at 60°)

Only 8% of the incident solarradiation pass through the glazing

Treated fresh air displacement ventilation

Radiant panel or slab cooling

Return air to high efficiency heatrecovery AHU

High insulation

High performance glazings

EPI (HVAC): 37 kWh/m2-yr

Indian energy efficient buildings

• BEEP design charrettes

• Example of other Indian energy efficient

buildings

Integrated Building Design

Hospital Educational campus Residential township

World Trade Centre

Training institute & govt. office

Office & Retail complex

• Technical support to18 building projects (IT buildings, hospital, offices, residential complexes, academic institutions,..)

• >1.4 million m2 built-up area• 25-40% estimated energy savings

Experience of working with residential projects

• D B Pride, Indore (1743 units)

• P-17 Residential Project, Mahindra World City, Chennai (874 units)

• Smart GHAR 3, Rajkot (1176 units)

Integrated design process developed with a design charrette: Possibility to reduce the peaktemperature of 4-6 °C for non AC flats

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ESTIMATED ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDEXES OF CHARRETTE PROJECTSEnergy Performance Index (EPI) - kWh/m2.yBefore Charrette

Energy Performance Index (EPI) - kWh/m2.yAfter Charrette

EPI of BEEP Charrette Projects: Commercial Buildings

PUBLIC OFFICE BUILDING PRIVATE OFFICE/IT BUILDING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE HOSPITALTRAINING

v

Case Study: Aranya Bhawan

Aranya Bhawan is the new office building of the Rajasthan Forest

Department in Jaipur, inaugurated in March 2015.

Aranya Bhawan: BEEP Design Charrette (December 2012)

• Client: Rajasthan Forest

Department

• Executing Agency: Rajasthan

State Road Development and

Construction Corporation Ltd.

(RSRDC)

• Architects: Mathur, Ugam and

Associates

As at the time of charrette, the orientation and building massing was

already finalized; the focus was more on envelope & HVAC measures

BEEP Integrated Design Charrette was held in December 2012, adopting a

collaborative working approach between the client, RSRDC & the architect.

Aranya Bhawan: Passive MeasuresRoof Insulation

Wall Insulation

Double-Glazed Windows

Reduction in Glazed Area

U-value: 1.8 W/m2.K

SHGC: 0.24

VLT: 36%

U-value: 0.6 W/m2.K

U-value: 0.5 W/m2.K

Aranya Bhawan: Cooling System

Water Cooled Energy Efficient Chiller (using water after waste water treatment)

Passive downdraft

evaporative cooling in

the stairwell

20Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project

Reduction in Cooling System Size

28% reduction

Aranya Bhawan: Solar Energy Generation

Grid connected rooftop solar PV• Capacity: 45 kWp (annual production:

~60,000 kWh)• Additional 100 kWp being planned

3.3

3.2

3.9

4.5

5.5

5.3 5

.4

5.2

4.6

4.5

3.9

3.4

1.3 1

.4

2.0

3.9

6.1

6.7

5.7

4.9

5.3

3.4

1.1 1.2

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

kWh

/m2.m

on

th

Monthly EPI Comparison: Simulated vs. Actual

Simulated EPI Actual EPI

Electricity Consumption: Simulation & Actual (EPI)

Actual EPI: 43 kWh/m2.yearBEE 5 star benchmark: 90 kWh/m2.year

Aranya Bhawan – Energy Monitoring

Aranya Bhawan:Measured performances of the chillers (total capacity 220 TR)

Specific sizing control400-450 Sqft/TR

Energy efficiency measured0.5-0.7 kW/TR

Monitoring results Aranya Bhawan

Energy flow (Sankey Diagram) for the Summer Monitoring

Aranya Bhawan: Cost Benefit of Energy Efficiency Measures

EPI: 77

kWh/m2/year

EPI: 53

kWh/m2/yearActual measured EPI = 43 kWh/m2-year

Jupiter HospitalJupiter hospital Pune

India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM)

• Due to the space

constraints at its

present premises in

Nirvachan Sadan, the

Election Commission

of India (ECI) decided

to develop an

independent campus

for IIIDEM.

• The proposed new

campus is at Sector

13, Dwarka, New

Delhi. The charrette

for this project was

held in July 2014

India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM)

India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM)Some of the energy efficient features

India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM)Results of the design charrette (under construction)

Infosys Building - Hyderabad

• Example of a high performance office

building in India

• New ways of designing and integrating

technologies in India

Better buildings with lower cost, higher energy efficiency and thermal comfort, example of INFOSYS

33

Designs of the late 90’s New trend

Glass cost ` 230 per sq.ft

Heat ingress from glass

3.8 W/sq.m

Glass cost ` 225 per sq.ft

Heat ingress from glass

1.1 W/sq.m

>80% of Occupied Space should be Day Lit

34

Use of simulations to validate strategy

North South facing building with 16 m width to ensure 80% of spaces are day lit

100% daylit spaces

Efficient system (Radiant cooling)

▪ Manages sensible and latent heat loads independently

▪ Radiant cooling system uses 16 deg C chilled water for sensible cooling lower kW/TR

than business as usual

▪ Requires 80% less air than conventional buildings. (Air only for ventilation and latent heat

removal)

▪ Low pressure drop design for air and water distribution

Infosys HyderabadEPI = 70-80 kWh/m2-yr

IRRAD, GurgaonArch. AB Lall

INTERIORS AND TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS : SECOND FLOOR

20.9℃

21.8℃

20.7℃

21.4℃

20.3℃

23.2℃

20.7℃

20.9℃

23.4℃

Air temp.28℃

Air temp.28.3℃

Air temp.28.5℃

Surface temperature of Wall, Floor and Ceiling Air temperature

Gains of comfort thanks to the radiant coolingActual EPI = 70 kWh/m2-year

External Movable shades

ROLEX LEARNING CENTRE, EPFL,

LAUSANNE

COMMUNICATION BUILDING, EPFL,

LAUSANNE

External Movable shades: India

SAFAL PROFITAIRE, AHMEDABAD

External Movable shades: India

SAFAL PROFITAIRE, AHMEDABAD

External Movable shades: India

• External movable shading systems▪ Allow to reduce the solar heat gains by more than

80%

Comparison of the building energy performance (EPI) kWh/m2-yr

Swiss Federal of Statistics Tower35

Infosys Hyderabad85

Business as usualUSA

Business as usual (24/24 hours)India

AranyaBhawan

Actual measuredEPI = 43 kWh/m2-year

Possible range of EPI for office buildings 45-90 kWh/m2-yr

Conclusions

• Energy efficient and thermally

comfortable buildings▪ Target EPI below 80 kWh/m2-yr for commercial and

institutional buildings

▪ Importance of integrated design

▪ No additional cost if integration of energy efficient

strategies at an early design stage

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