Energy Criteria Presentation-GRIHA

G R I H A

Energy Criteria in GRIHA

Pradeep Kumar Senior Fellow & Associate Director

Centre for Research on Sustainable Building Sciences

TERI, New Delhi

G R I H A

Room Temperature :

Up to 38 0 C

Annual Energy Consumption:

45 kWh/m2-yr

Non-Air conditioned Buildings

G R I H A

Room Temperature :

24 0 C

Annual Energy Consumption:

200 kWh/m2-yr

Air conditioned Buildings

G R I H A

Room conditions

26~28 0 C

Room conditions

24 0 C

Annual Energy Consumption

200 kWh/m2-yr


< 90 kWh/m2-yr

Challenges in Building Design

G R I H A

Room conditions

26~28 0 C


90 kWh/m2-yr

Energy Efficient Building

45 45

G R I H A

Efficiency in Buildings: how?

Efficient building

Regulation

Analysis

Inefficient buildings

G R I H A

Design Standards

Energy Efficient Building Design: How?

Energy Standards

Regulatory Framework

Design Standards

Energy Standards

Design Standards


Energy Standards

Design Standards Design Standards

Energy Standards

Design Standards


Energy Standards

Design Standards

G R I H A

Energy Criteria in GRIHA

Criterion 06: Outdoor Lighting System

Criterion 13: Indoor Lighting System

Criterion 14: Overall Energy Performance

Criterion 18: Renewable energy Utilization

Criterion 19: Solar hot water system

G R I H A

GRIHA-Criterion 6

Objective Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy system for meeting outdoor lighting requirements

G R I H A

Street Lighting/Security Lighting

High Pressure

Sodium Vapour

Metal Halide

High Pressure

Ceramic Discharge

Metal Halide

G R I H A

Road way lighting

High Pressure

Sodium Vapour

High Pressure Metal

Halide

High Pressure

Ceramic Discharge

Metal Halide

Compact

Fluorescent Lamps

G R I H A

Garden Lighting

High Pressure Sodium

Vapour (HPI)

High Pressure Metal Halide

(MH)

High Pressure Ceramic

Discharge Metal Halide

(CDM)

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

(CFL)

G R I H A

Parking Lighting

High Pressure

Sodium Vapour

High Pressure Metal

Halide

Fluorescent Lamps

Compact

Fluorescent Lamps

G R I H A

Luminous Efficacy

Light output

(Lumens)

Electrical input (W)

Luminous Efficacy = Light output/Electrical input (lm/W)

G R I H A

Luminous Efficacy - CFL

Luminous Efficacy : 900/(13+5) = 50 lm/W

5 W

13 W

18 W

900 lm

G R I H A

Luminous Efficacy of TLD with HPF

Luminous Efficacy : 2450/(36+15) = 48 lm/W 15 W

36 W

51 W

2450

lm

G R I H A

Luminous Efficacy of TLD with HF


2 W

36 W

38 W

2450 lm

G R I H A

Luminous Efficacy of T5


2 W

28 W

38 W

2900 lm

G R I H A

Efficacy of Metal halide with HPF


24 W

250 W

274 W

20000 lm

G R I H A

Efficacy of Metal halide with HF


10 W

250 W

260W

20000 lm

G R I H A

Efficacy of Sodium Vapor with HPF


26 W

250 W

276 W

25000 lm

G R I H A

Commitment-1

Luminous efficacy of external light sources used

for outdoor lighting shall equal or exceed as

specified minimum allowable luminous efficacy

G R I H A

Lighting Source Minimum allowable luminous

efficacy (lm/W)

CFL (Compact fluorescent

lamps)

50

FL( fluorescent lamp) 75

MH (metal halide) 75

HPSV (high pressure

sodium vapour) lamp

90

Minimum allowable values of luminous efficacy of lamps for outdoor lighting

G R I H A

Commitment-2

All outdoor lighting to be fitted with an automatic on/off switch

G R I H A

Commitment-3

A minimum of 25% of the total number or 15% of the total connected load of outdoor lighting fixtures (whichever is higher) to be powered by solar energy

G R I H A

Compliance

The documents of Luminous efficacy (lm/W) of each type

of lamp used in outdoor lighting.

Outdoor lighting layout with manufacturers details of lamps, ballasts, luminaires, and automatic controls with

wiring diagram and placement of automatic switches for

outdoor lighting.

Demarcate solar lighting systems for outdoor lighting in

outdoor lighting layout and give details of the same.

27 II G r e e n R a t i n g f o r I n t e g r a t e d H a b i t a t A s s e s s m e n t II

Appraisal

Luminous efficacy of 100% of lamps used in outdoor lighting meets

the GRIHA recommended corresponding values

1 point

Automatic controls for 100% of outdoor lights

1 point

Load of 25% of total number of light fixtures or 15% of the total

connected outdoor lighting load whichever is higher on RE system

1 point


Example Outdoor lighting layout


Example: Outdoor lighting layout


Example: Outdoor fixtures details


Product Catalogues to Calculate Efficacy


Exercise Efficacy Calculation

Sl.

No.

Lighting Type Type of

Lamp

Lamp

Wattage

(W)

Lumen

Output

(lm)

Ballast

Power

Loss (W)

Total

Wattage

(W)

Luminous

Efficacy

(lm/W)

GRIHA

Luminous

Efficacy

(lm/W)

Remark

1. Street Light HPSV 70 6600 15

2. Street Light HPSV 150 17000 21

Luminous Efficacy = Lamp Lumen Output

Lamp Input Power + Ballast Power Loss


Commitment-1: Luminous Efficacy Calculation

S No. Lighting

Type

Type of Lamp Wattage of

lamp (W)

Lumen

Output (lm)

Ballast

Power loss

(W)

Total

Wattage

(W)

Luminous

Efficacy

(lm/W)

GRIHA-

Luminous

Efficacy

(lm/W)

Remark

1

Gate light Metal Halide (MH)

70 5500 17 87 63 75

Efficacy is less than

recommended-need to

be changed

2

Street Light Metal Halide (MH)

150 12100 25 175 69 75

Efficacy is less than

recommended-need to

be changed

3

Landscape

light

Ceramic discharge

metal halide

(CDM) 70 6600 17 87 76 75

GRIHA compliant

4

Inground

tree

uplighter

Ceramic discharge

metal halide

(CDM) 70 6600 17 87 76 75

GRIHA compliant

5

Parking post

top

Ceramic discharge

metal halide

(CDM) 70 6600 17 87 76 75

GRIHA compliant

6

Tubelights in

parking

T-5 lamps

28 2900 4 32 91 75

GRIHA compliant


Case study

100 m

80 m

Ga

rde

n /P

ark

4

0 m

N

` Road way

Garden /Park

Building Block

Path ways


Outdoor Lighting Controls

Timer Form:Analog Timer 1/16 DIN IP54, 48x48 mm Contact Current, Ratings:5 A @ 250 VAC DPDT Mounting Type:Panel, Surface, DIN 8 pin base Power Rating:1.3 W Led Status indicator:Time status and power supply Temperature, Operating,:Maximum 55 C Minimum -10 C Timer Type:Solid State Timing Function:Selectable Multi-Function Timing Mode:ON-Delay Timing Range:0.1 Sec. to 300 hr Voltage, Input:12 to 48 VDC or 24 VAC Manual Timer Control

Non-Volatile Memory 3 Year Battery Backup Switch Single-pole or 3-way (Multi-way) Compatible Switch Rating

Resistive (heater): 20 Amp, 120-277 VAC Tungsten (incandescent): 15 Amp, 120 VAC; 6 Amp, 208-277 VAC

Ballast (fluorescent): 16 Amp, 120-277 VAC Motor: 1 H.P., 120 VAC; 2 H.P., 240 VAC; 4 Amp, DC Loads:12 VDC; 2 Amp, 28 VDC

Programmable Timer

Control


Outdoor Lighting Controls

PIR (Passive Infrared) Sensor

Auto switch ON of light at dusk Auto switch OFF at dawn or after selected duration

No clock setting or clock tuning Direct switching load up to 3kw single phase Wide operating AC supply voltage (185 to 275 V)

ED10MRA- 365-Day NEMA 1 Indoor or panel mount

4 Circuit - SPST - 8 Amps - 120/208/240/Volt

365-Day Electronic programmable

120/208/240/Voltand DC operation 12, 24 VDC Number of Circuits: 4 With control inputs NEMA 1 Indoor

Astronomical Switch


Case study

100 m

80

m

Ga

rden

/Pa

rk

40

m

N

` Road way

Garden /Park

Building Block

Path ways


Example - Commitment-3

Street lights 150 W HPSV 10 Nos. 1.75 kW

Driveway lighting 70W CDM 10 Nos. 0.87 kW

Garden lighting 18 W CFL 20 Nos. 0.50 kW

Total lighting load 3.12 kW

15% of total lighting load 0.468 kW

Total No. of fixtures 40

25% of total fixtures 10

Load of 10 fixtures 0.25 kW

Lighting load on RE system 0.468 kW


Exercise - Commitment-3

Street lights 150 W HPSV 12 Nos. 2.1 kW

Total lighting load 2.1 kW

15% of total lighting load 0.315 kW

Total No. of fixtures 12

25% of total fixtures 3

Load of 3 fixtures 0.53 kW

Lighting load on RE 0.53 kW

G R I H A

Criterion 13: Indoor lighting design

Objective

Indoor lighting shall provide required visual

comfort in all the spaces in a building

G R I H A

TCS306/236M6HPF

General practice

G R I H A

Green Practice

G R I H A

Commitment: Visual Comfort

Lighting levels in each space of proposed indoor

lighting design meet the required visual comfort as

recommended in table 4, Part 8, Building Services,

section 1: Lighting & Ventilation of NBC-2005

G R I H A

NBC-2005 recommended lighting levels

G R I H A

Analysis tool

Lumen designer

Calculux

Dialux

AGI 32

G R I H A

Non AC spaces: 0.7-

0.75

AC spaces: 0.8-0.95

Maintenance Factor

G R I H A

NBC-2005: Recommended Working Plane Height

In case precise height and

location of the task is not

specified, the recommended

working plane is horizontal and at

a height of 850 mm

G R I H A

Roof:0.7

Wall:0.5

Floor:0.2

Surface Reflectance

G R I H A

Luminaire

TCS 306 Model no.

Lamp 36W Fluorescent Tube Lamp

HF Electronic ballast

Lumen output 2450 lm output

Lamp per Fixture 2x36W TLD

TCS306/236 HF NORMAL 2xTLD 36W

G R I H A

Luminaire

TBS 669 Model no.

Lamp 28W T5 lamp

D6 Type of louver

HF Electronic ballast

Lumen output 2900 lm output

Lamp per Fixture 2x28W T5

TBS669/228 D6 HF 2x 28W T5

G R I H A

Lamp Efficiency

1. Lamp Type Lumen Wattage Efficacy

2. TLD 36W/ HFP 2450 lm 46.5W (36+10.5) 53 lm/W

3. TLD 36W/ HF 2450 lm 38W (36+2) 64 lm/W

4. Trulite 36W/ HFP 3250 lm 46.5W (36+10.5) 70 lm/W

5. Trulite 36W/ HF 3250 lm 38W (36+2) 86 lm/W

6. CFL 36W/ HF 2900 lm 38W (36+2) 76 lm/W

7. T5 28W/ HF 2900 lm 30W (28+2) 97 lm/W

G R I H A

Lighting simulation results

G R I H A

Compliance

Floor

Level

Room

/ Area

Room

Dimen

sion

(L*W)

Luminaire

used

No. of

luminaires

Calculated

Average

Lighting

Levels (lux)

NBC-2005

illuminance

(lux)

Remarks

First

Floor

Office 12.5m

X8m

TBS

669/228

8 337 300 GRIHA

Compliant

Produce lighting level analysis results in

prescribed format

G R I H A

If lighting level compliance is shown for all the

indoor spaces

Appraisal

2 Points

G R I H A

ECBC Mandatory Requirements (Automatic lighting shutoff)

Buildings Area> 500 m2

Interior lighting system shall be equipped with automatic control device

Applicable to only daytime occupied buildings

G R I H A

Automatic lighting shutoff contd.

All offices spaces < 30 m2, shall be equipped with occupancy sensors

All meeting rooms, conference rooms, class rooms, storage shall be equipped with occupancy sensors

G R I H A

Automatic lighting shutoff contd.

Programmable timer with independent program schedule for areas < 2500 m2 and not more than one floor or

Occupancy sensor with manual override

G R I H A

Space control

Each space shall have one control device controlled manually or automatically. Each control device shall control a maximum of 250 m2 for a space less than or equal to 1000 m2 and a maximum of 1000 m2 for spaces having greater area

G R I H A

Daylight control

Control device shall control only the luminaires entirely within day lighted area. Shall reduce the light output by 50%.

Luminaries in day lit area> 25m2 shall be equipped with either a manual or automatic control device.

G R I H A

Criterion 14 Optimize energy performance of the building

within specified comfort limits

G R I H A

Thermal comfort in AC spaces

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 55-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

G R I H A

GRIHA Energy Performance Benchmark for

AC buildings Office

School

Hospital

Hotel

10 hr occupied For Mumbai Climate, EPI

G R I H A

DBT (o

C) Relative humidity (%)

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

28 * * * * * * *

29 * * * * *

0.0

6

0.1

9

30 * * *

0.0

6

0.2

4

0.5

3

0.8

5

31 *

0.0

6 0.24

0.5

3

1.0

4

1.4

7

2.1

0

32 0.2

0.4

6 0.94

1.5

9

2.2

6

3.0

4 **

33 0.77

1.3

6 2.12

3.0

0 ** ** **

34 1.85

2.7

2 ** ** ** ** **

35 3.2 ** ** ** ** ** **

Thermal comfort limits

Indoor temperature within 33 o C and RH 70% is considered

comfortable

Dry bulb temperature (o C) Relative humidity (%) Air velocity (m/s)

Thermal Comfort in Non-AC spaces

G R I H A

Whole building performance analysis-

Non AC buildings

G R I H A Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

G R I H A

Comfort Hours

Monthly distribution of discomfort hours

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Month

hour

s

comfortable uncomfortable

uncomfortable 53 135 365 512 609 370 176 93 194 281 84 65

comfortable 691 536 379 208 135 350 568 651 526 463 636 679

jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec

G R I H A

Appraisal

Compliance with mandatory requirements of Energy Conservation building code (ECBC-2007)

Points

6

Energy consumption index and the thermal criteria are fully met.

Every 10% reduction fetch additional 2 points with maximum up to 10 points.

2 10

Total GRIHA Points 16

1

2

G R I H A

GRIHA Performance Benchmark for

Non AC buildings

Comfort conditions shall be met 60% in

Mumbai Climate

Climate Classification

EPI

(kWh/m2/year)

EPI

(kWh/m2/year)

Day time

occupancy

24 hours

Occupancy

5 Days a week 7 days a week

For Mumbai Climate 25 100

G R I H A

EPI calculation for partly AC building

Type of space Area (m2)

GRIHA Energy Consumption benchmark (kWh/m2/year)

Predicted Energy Consumption (kWh/m2/year)

Air Conditioned A1 140 E1

Non Air Conditioned A2 25 E2

Benchmark Building Energy consumption (kWh/m2/year) =

(140*A1+25*A2)/(A1+A2)

Actual Building Energy Consumption (kWh/m2/year) =

(E1*A1 + E2*A2)/(A1+A2)

% saving = (Benchmark Actual) * 100 / Benchmark

G R I H A

EPI calculation : Example

Building type : Office

Occupancy : 24*7

Air conditioned area : 4000 m2

Non air-conditioned area : 4250 m2

Predicted energy performance of building: 197 kWh/m2

Building energy performance benchmark calculation

GRIHA bench mark for AC spaces : 450 kWh/m2-yr

GRIHA bench mark for Non AC spaces: 100 kWh/m2-yr

GRIHA benchmark : (450*4000 + 100*4250)/(4000+4250) = 270 kWh/m2-yr

G R I H A

EPI calculation : Example

% Reduction from the benchmark EPI = (270-197)*100/270

= 27%

Total Points Scored = 6+2+4

= 12

G R I H A

EPI calculation : Case Study

Case Study - A 5 storey BPO office building is located in Delhi.

Typical floor plate area of the building is 10000 sqft. 40% of the

total built-up area of the building is non air-conditioned and

remaining 60% is air-conditioned. Energy consultant with the

help of simulation predicted that annual electrical energy

consumption will sum up to 2000000kWh for the facility.

Predicted energy consumption for various energy systems are

Lighting 35% (The LPD ratio of Non AC and AC space is 2:3)

Equipment 25%

HVAC 40%

It has been predicted that in non air-conditioned spaces comfort

can be achieved for 7900 hours out of 8760 hours in a year.

G R I H A

EPI calculation : Case Study

Determine the following

1. Building GRIHA benchmark EPI

2. Predicted EPI for the building

3. Is the project eligible for GRIHA?? If yes how many

points will be scored?

G R I H A

Follow Compliance - Mandatory

Requirements of ECBC-2007

Building

Envelope

Lighting

Electrical

Chiller

G R I H A

Envelope-Glazing Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

SHGC as indicated by

daylight analysis

G R I H A

Distribution Transformer

Transfo

rmer

type

Rating

(kVA)

Max. Losses

at 50%

loading (kW)

Max. Losses at

100% loading

(kW)

Dry

type 1000 5.3 12.8

Oil filled 1000 3.45 11.35

Max. allowable losses for dry

type/Oil filled at highest voltage

and at 50% & 100% load shall not

be more than whatever is

specified in ECBC (IS 2026: Part

11, 2007)

G R I H A

Electrical Motors

Motors of 0.375 kW to 50 kW

rating expected to operate

more than 1500 hrs/year

and

Motors of 50 kW rating and

above expected to operate

more than 500 hrs/year

shall have minimal acceptable

nominal full load efficiency as

mentioned in IS-12615

G R I H A

Electrical Motors IS 12615

G R I H A

ECBC-Electrical-Mandatory Requirements

Power factor shall be maintained between 0.95

Lag and unity at the point of connection

Services>1000 kVA, shall have permanently

Installed energy meter to record, kVA, kWh

V,I,PF and THD

Distribution losses in electrical cables

shall not exceed 1% of the total power

usage

G R I H A

Chiller efficiency COP

Chiller cooling capacity : 120 TR

Input kW of Compressor : 96

Specific energy ratio : 96/120 = 0.8 kW/TR

Coefficient of performance (COP): 3.51/0.8 = 4.4

G R I H A

ECBC-HVAC

Size of chiller COP

Less than 150 TR 2.9

Greater than equal

to 150 TR 3.05

HVAC

Chiller Efficiencies

Air Cooled Chiller Water Cooled Chiller

Size of chiller COP


>=150 TR < 300

TR 5.8

>= 300 TR 6.3

Centrifugal Screw

Size of chiller COP


>=150 TR < 300

TR 5.4

>= 300 TR 5.75

Energy performance optimisation using Visual DOE

How Simulation is done

Analysis Tool for AC spaces

Show that utilization of energy systems in a

building, under a specified category, is less than the

benchmarked energy consumption figure, through a simulation

exercise.

Whole Building Simulation

Simulation software used for whole building performance

analysis

Performs hourly analysis for the whole year (8760 hours)

Simulate AC buildings and predict annual energy

consumption

1

2

3

Result

Pictorial View of the final simulation results

General Case Study

Building Type

Location Delhi

Office Building

Fully Air conditioned

Office Occupancy (10hrs)

Building Details

125 ft 80 ft

11 ft No of floors -8 Total Area 80000 sqft

W-1

W-2

Building details

W-1 W-2

W-1 100 ft * 6 ft

50 ft * 6 ft W-2

WWR 69%

Coordinates

0,0 125,0

125,80 0,80

N

W-1

W-2

Building Input File

Wall construction

9 inch Brick Wall

1 inch cement plaster on both sides

U value- 0.32 btu/h/ft2/deg F

Roof Construction

8 inch Heavy wt undried

concrete

4 inch brick coba

1 inch brick tile

1 inch cement plaster


Glass

6 mm Single Clear


SHGC -0.815

Building Internal loads

Occupancy

Lighting

Equipment

Infiltration

Fresh Air

40 Persons

2 W/ft2

1 W/ft2

0

15 CFM/Person

Minimum Supply Air

Temperature 55 deg F

EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) 7

HVAC system

Result

EPI - =(1820592-233056)/7434

213 kWh/m2/yr

Impact of Low Energy

Strategies

Impact of Orientation

Favorable orientation, Roof shading, window shading 10

Energy Simulation screen shot

Base Case 225

5 % Best orientation 214

Impact on Cooling load (TR)

Impact of Orientation

Base Case 213

3 % Best orientation 207

Impact on EPI (kWh/m2/yr)

Impact of lower WWR

Base Case 225

20 % Optimized WWR 180


Base Case 213

14 % Optimized WWR 184


Building Envelope impact

on Energy Performance

Energy Efficient Envelope-Wall

9 inch Brick Wall

+ 1 inch

cement plaster on both sides

U Value- 0.32 btu/f2/hr/degF

9 inch Brick Wall

+ 1 inch plaster on both sides

+ 3 inch

Insulation

U Value- 0.07 btu/f2/hr/degF

Conventional case Energy Efficient Case

WALL

Energy Efficient Envelope-Roof

U Value- 0.40 btu/ft2/hr/degF


Conventional case

Energy Efficient Case

Roof

4 inch brick coba

1 inch plaster

+

1 inch brick tile +

8 inch RCC

4 inch brick coba

1 inch plaster

+

1 inch brick tile +

8 inch RCC

3 inch insulation

+

Energy Efficient Envelope-Glass


SHGC 0.815 U Value- 0.58 btu/ft2/hr/degF

SHGC 0.25 for WWR

Impact of Efficient Envelope

Base Case 225

32 % Efficient Envelope 153


Base Case 213

24 % Efficient Envelope 163


Lighting System impact on

Energy Performance

Energy Efficient Lighting

LPD 21 W/m2

T-12 FTL with copper

choke

Wattage - 40+15=55 W

Conventional case Energy Efficient case

T-5 FTL with electronic

choke

Wattage - 28+2=30 W

LPD 10.8 W/m2

Integrating Artificial Lighting with Day lighting

T-5 FTL with electronic

choke

Wattage - 28+2=30 W

Continuous Dimming

sensor

LPD 10.8 W/m2 LPD 7 W/m2

Impact of Efficient Lighting system

Base Case 225

9% Efficient lighting system 204


Base Case 213

27% Efficient lighting system 156


HVAC

System impact on Energy

Performance

Heat gain Optimization

Heat gain from roof

Heat gain from walls

Heat gain from glass/daylight from

glass

Heat gain from infiltration

Heat gain from equipment/lighting/pe

ople

23-26 deg C

65%RH

Building Envelope optimization

Building Lighting system optimization

Inside temperature Optimization

Ventilation Rate optimization

Inside Temperature Conditions

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 55-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

DB 23-26 C

RH 50-60 %

Follow

NBC 2005

Inside Temperature optimization

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

23

C/5

0%

23

C/6

0%

24

C/5

0%

24

C/6

0%

25

C/5

0%

25

C/6

0%

26

C/5

0%

26

C/6

0%

1deg C decrease in temperature increases cooling load by 3.5%

Pre cooling of Fresh Air

Energy Recovery

Wheel

Supply air

Outside air damper

Outside air

Return air

Filters

Cooling demand

Reduction 16%

Building Cooling Demand (TR)

Building Type Cooling Demand

Small Buildings 150 TR and 300 TR

Coefficient of Performance of chillers

Rated cooling capacity: 400 TR

Rated motor kW: 252 kW

IKW/TR: 0.63

COP

(3.517/IKW/TR):5.6

Equipment Selection

Small

Buildings

Cooling

demand

Equipment Selection

Medium

Buildings Cooling demand >150 TR & 150TR &

Equipment Selection

Large

Buildings Cooling demand >300 TR

COP = 3.05

Water cooled chiller Air cooled chiller

COP= 6.3

Centrifugal Chillers Screw Chillers

COP= 5.75

Centrifugal Chillers

COP= 6.3

Centrifugal Chillers

Controls

Variable Frequency Drives on motors

of Fans and Pumps

Impact of Efficient HVAC system

Base Case 225

0% Efficient HVAC system 225


Base Case 213

27% Efficient HVAC system 155


Impact of all combined measures

Base Case 225

51% All combined measures 109


Base Case 213

63% All combined measures 80


Summary-Optimized Heat Load

Heat load (TR) Optimization

Base Case 225 TR

9 % Optimized Envelope as per ECBC

Optimized lighting

All

180 TR

109 TR

204 TR 17 %

42 %

20 % Optimized WWR

153 TR

5 % Orientation 214 TR

Summary Optimized Energy Performance

Base Case 214

24 % Optimized Envelope as per ECBC

Optimized lighting

All

184

80

156 27 %

63 %

14 % Optimized WWR

163

3 % Orientation 207

Optimized HVAC 155 27 %

EPI (kWh/m2/yr)

THANK YOU

G R I H A

Renewable Energy Integration in Buildings

II T h e E n e r g y a n d R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e II N e w D e l h i II

G R I H A

Criterion- 18: Renewable energy

utilization

OBJECTIVE

To use renewable sources in buildings to reduces

the use of conventional/ fossil-fuel-based energy

resources

G R I H A

Fuel cell

Renewable Energy sources

RE Wind Energy Solar Energy

Bio Energy Geothermal Energy Water energy

G R I H A

Photo Voltaic System

G R I H A

Solar cell Types

G R I H A

PV Module Efficiency

G R I H A

System configurations

Stand alone systems

Grid connected power plants

Home lighting

Street lights

Water pumps

Garden lights

Illuminated hoardings

Hybrid Power system

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)

G R I H A

Off-grid PV system (Stand alone system)

G R I H A

On grid PV system

G R I H A

Centralized PV system

Source : www.retscreen.net

G R I H A

Solar energy based external lighting

G R I H A

Hybrid System

G R I H A

BIPV

Skylight

Window

Roof

G R I H A

Commitment-Mandatory

Rated capacity of proposed renewable energy system is equal to or more than 1% of connected internal lighting load & HVAC load of the building

1 % of connected load

G R I H A

HVAC load details

AC

Machine

4*161 =644 kW

Primary

Pump

4*15 = 60 kW

Secondary

Pump

4*22.5 = 90 kW

Condenser

Pump

4*37.5=150 kW

Cooling

Towers

4*15 = 60 kW

Air handling

units

500 kW

Total HVAC load 1504 kW

G R I H A

Internal lighting load details

Ground

floor lighting

71.47 kW

1 to 5

Floors

lighting

386.1 kW

Cafeteria

lighting

56.61 kW

Total internal lighting

load

514.18 kW

G R I H A

Renewable Energy System Sizing

Total internal lighting load 514.18 kW

Total HVAC load 1504 kW

Total load 2018.18 kW

1% of Total load 20.18 kW

Min size of PV system 21 kWp

G R I H A

Roof Area Needed in Square meter

PV

Module

Efficiency

(%)

PV Capacity Rating (Watts)

100 250 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 10,000

4 2.8 7 13.9 28 56 112 279

8 1.4 3.5 7 14 28 56 139.5

12 0.9 2.3 4.6 9.5 18.6 37 93

16 0.7 1.9 3.7 7.5 15 30 74.5

PV systems are classified by their rated power output (the peak power they produce

when exposed to solar radiation of 1000 watts per square meter at a module

temperature of 25C

For example, 1,000 watts capacity PV system with 12% efficiency, you need ~10

square meter of roof area. Also 1kWp generates 1400 kWh annually

Source: www.eere.energy.gov

G R I H A

18.3 Appraisal

PV capacity of 21kWp with 12%

efficiency Generates annually

(21 x 1400) = 29400 kWh

Annual lighting Energy Consumption

= 1388329 kWh

G R I H A

18.3 Appraisal

Case PV sizing

(kWp)

Energy generated

through PV system

(kWh/yr)

% offset of

annual

lighting

energy

consumption

Points

Mandatory

case

21 =21 x 1400

= 29400

1

Case1 50 =50 x 1400

=70000

5 % 1+1

Case2 100 =100 x 1400

=140000

10 % 1+2

Case3 200 =200 x 1400

=280000

20 % 1+3

Case4 300 =300 x 1400

=420000

30% 1+4

Annual lighting Energy Consumption = 1388329 kWh

G R I H A

18.1 Commitment

Atleast 1% of internal lighting and space conditioning connected loads

of building met from renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass,

fuel cells, and so on)

Feasibility of the proposed renewable energy system to be verified by

the competent authority.

G R I H A

18.2 Compliances

Detailed listing of connected load for lighting /HVAC

Calculation of connected load for lighting and energy requirement for

the same.

List of all loads that are being powered by renewable energy system

sources (other than lighting load) and their energy requirements.

Design calculations for renewable energy system sizing and

performance including annual energy generation.

Cut sheets of renewable energy systems with necessary details.

Drawings in CAD format to show location of renewable energy

systems.

G R I H A

18.2.2 Calculation of connected load for lighting and energy

requirement for the same.

G R I H A

18.2.4 Design calculations for RE system

and

performance including annual energy

generation.

G R I H A

18.2.5 Cut sheets of renewable energy

systems with necessary details

G R I H A

18.2.6 Drawings in CAD format to show

location of renewable energy systems.

G R I H A

18.3 Appraisal

1% of internal lighting and space conditioning connected

loads or its equivalent in the building shall met through

renewable energy system (1 point) (mandatory)

Rated capacity of proposed renewable energy system

meets annual energy requirements of equal to or more

than

5% of internal lighting in the building (1 point)

10% of internal lighting in the building (2 point)

20% of internal lighting in the building (3 points)

30% of internal lighting in the building (4 points)

G R I H A

PV Energy Calculation

G R I H A

Criterion- 19: Renewable-energy- based hot

water system

OBJECTIVE

To use renewable energy sources to meet the hot water requirement

G R I H A

Collectors for Solar Hot Water System

Relatively insensitive to placement angle

No convection and conduction losses

Uses a heat pipe for super efficient heat conduction. No water enters to the collector

Easy installation and no maintenance

Fragile & Installation - complicated

Snow is less of problem in cold climate

Require accurate southern exposure and elevation placement

The air gap allows heat losses to occur

Prone to leakage, corrosion and restriction of flow due to possible air lock

Heavier and more fragile

Installation is difficult.

Flate Plate

G R I H A

Components of SWH Systems


G R I H A

Where do SWH systems use?

Domestic Hot Water

Process Heat

Swimming Pool Heating

G R I H A

Methodology for RE System Sizing

Activities

Water Consumption

per person LPD

Shower/Tub Bathing 35LPD per person 5390

For cooking 5LPD per person 770

For washing clothes 10 LPD per person 1540

Washing utensils per person per

meal 5 LPD per person 2310

Making tea/coffee 150ml per person per cup 69.3

Total LPD ( rounded) 10100

No of Persons = 158 Station : Chandigarh

G R I H A

19.1 Commitment

Atleast 20% of Energy required for

hot water generation through

renewable energy system. Here it

is SHW system.

G R I H A

Hot water requirement

10100 LPD requirement per day during winter

168.1 MWh Energy is required to heat water

upto 60 oC

G R I H A

Renewable Energy System Sizing

To offset 20% of Total Energy consumption,

Min size of SHW system = 1900 LPD

The floor area required is ~ 2.5 to 3 Sq.m for 100 LPD SHW system

G R I H A

19.3 Appraisal

Case SHW sizing

At 60 oC

(LPD)

Annual Energy saved

by SHW system

(MWh)

% offset of

annual

energy

consumption

Points

Case1 1900 35.6 21% 1

Case2 5400 86.1

51% 1+1

Case3 8800 119.3 71% 1+2

Total hot water requirement = 10100 LPD

G R I H A

SWH Energy Calculation


G R I H A

19.2 Compliance

Detailed calculations of hot water requirements.

Detailed calculations on energy required for heating water for all needs except for space heating

Detailed design calculations for renewable energy system sizing and performance including annual energy generation.

Layout of the proposed renewable energy system.

Test reports from approved test centre for system performance and efficiency .

G R I H A

19.2.1 Detailed calculations of hot water

requirements.

Client

G R I H A

19.2.2 Detailed calculations on energy required for heating

water

G R I H A

19.2.3 Detailed design calculations for renewable energy system sizing

and performance

G R I H A

19.2.4 Layout of the proposed renewable

energy system.

G R I H A

19.3 Appraisal (maximum points 3)

Annual Energy saved by proposed renewable energy system is 20% to 50% of annual energy required for water heating to meet the hot water

requirements of the occupants in the building (1 point)

50% to 70% of annual energy required for water heating to meet the hot water requirement of the occupants in the building is saved (2 points)

70% of annual energy required for water heating to meet the hot water requirements of the occupants in the building is saved (3 points)

G R I H A

MNRE Scheme on SPV systems

G R I H A

Thank You

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Energy Criteria Presentation-GRIHA

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