ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

BY

DINA ABDEL-AZIM GHAZY GHORABA

LECTURER OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

Body GlandsEndocrine Glands Exocrine Glands

Produce and secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Send their chemical substances into ducts and out of the body

Endocrine Glands

Hormone

BloodstreamTarget Organ Or Tissue

Binds to Its Receptor

Produce Their Effect

1-Thyroid gland 2-Parathyroid glands (four glands) 3- Adrenal glands (one pair) 4- Pancreas(islets of Langerhans) 5- Pituitary gland 6- Ovaries in female (one pair) 7- Testes in male (one pair) 8- Pineal gland9- Thymus gland(Thymosin)

Howstuffworks Endocrine System.url

[1] Thyroid Gland

1-Thyroid Gland 2- Trachea3- Thyroid Cartilage4- Isthmus

Function:

[2] Parathyroid Gland Epiglottis

Pharynx

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Glands

Esophagus Trachia

Function:

Parathyroid Hormone PTH

[2] Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla

Kidney

Ureter

Blood Vessels

Function:Adrenal Cortex

Corticosteroids

Glucocorticoid Mineralcorticoid Sex Corticoid

Increase Salt

(Na+)reabsorption

Function:Adrenal Medulla

Catecholamines

[3] Pancreas

Liver

Tail of the

pancreas

Duodenum Stomach head of pancreasThe pancreas Islets of

langerhans DuctExocrine gland cell

Function: Pancreas (islet cells)

Lowers blood sugar Raises blood Sugar

(Glucose to glycogen) (Glycogen to Glucose)

1- Anterior lobe cerebrum

(adenohypophysis)

2-Posterior lobe(Neurohypophysis)

3-Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

[4] Pituitary Gland

HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS

secretes releasing and inhibiting factors secretes hormones directly to

Via blood

To

anterior pituitary(adenohypophysis) posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Secretes hormones Stores and releases hormones

Function:Anterior pituitary

Increases water

Stimulates Labor reabsorption

Function:Anterior pituitary

(7 HORMONES)

Adrenocorticotropin Gonadotropin Gonadotropin

Adrenocorlicotropic Follicle-stimulating

hormone (ACTH) hormone (FSH)

(MSH)

Stimulate Ovaries

And testes

PromotesOvulation Stimulate

Testes

Luteinizinghormone

(LH)

Melanocyte Stimulating hormone

Function:Anterior pituitary

(7 HORMONES)

Stomatotropin ThyrotrpinGrowth hormone Thyroid Stimulating

(GH) hormone (TSH))

Stimulates Thyroid Gland

StimulatesMilk

Production

StimulatesGrowth

Prolactin(PRL)

Ovaries

[5] Ovaries

Maintains Pregnancy

Female Sexual

Characteristic

Testes

[5]Testes

Abnormal ConditionsEnlargement =Goiter

1. Endemic in certain regions due to deficiency of iodine in the diet

Treatment :to increase the supply of iodine in the diet.

2. Hyperplasia: Treatment : thyroid hormone

to suppress the normal thyroid functioning

Hypersecretion=Hyperthyroidism

=Graves diseaseWith Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) occurs as a result of the swelling of tissue behind the

eyeball.

Treatment• Thyroidectomy, • Antithyroid drugs• Administration of radioactive iodine

Hyposecretion=Hypothyroidism

= Graves disease1. Myxedema

adulthood result in

blood lipid(Atherosclerosis)Edema because of the

collection of mucus-like (myx/o means, mucus) material under the skin

Treatment by

thyroid hormone

3. Cretinism: In Childhood leads to a lack of normal physical and mental growth

Neoplasm = Thyroid Carcinoma

• Some tumors are very slow growing, and others may metastasize widely. Adenomas (benign growths) can be distinguished from carcinomas (malignant growths) by radioactive iodine tracer scans.