End-to-End Services
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End-to-End Services
Kentaro Toyama, PhDAssistant Managing Director
Microsoft Research India
4th Convention of the National Alliance for Mission 2007New Delhi – August 2, 2007
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Microsoft Research India• Established January, 2005
• Goals– World-class academic research– Contributions to Microsoft products
and businesses– Support growth of research programs
in India and elsewhere
• Six research areas– Cryptography, Security, and
Algorithms– Digital Geographics– Mobility, Networks, and Systems– Multilingual Systems– Rigorous Software Engineering– Technology for Emerging Markets
• Collaborations with government, academia, industry, and NGOs
Microsoft Research IndiaSadashivnagar, Bangalore
http://research.microsoft.com/india
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Kiosk ResearchRural kiosks and telecentres:
• Ethnographic studies– 200+ site visits in India and Africa, over
2.5 years – ~550 hours of in-depth interviews, both
open-ended and structured • Interviews with kiosk agencies
– 20+ organizations– Small NGOs, start-up firms, MNCs,
state governments, academics• Kiosk surveys
– 300 kiosks, 2 years, once per quarter, 5 customers, 1 operator per kiosk, n-Logue and Drishtee [w/Kiri et al.]
– 1250 people, single survey, Kerala [w/Pal et al.]
• Results from software logging tool– 13 kiosks in Maharashtra
• Discussions with third-party observers• Literature in journals, books, web sites,
whitepapers
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What does End-to-End mean?
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
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e-Government
government
digitization
governmentdatacenter
villagePC
mediator
citizen
connectivityURBAN RURAL
official documents
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Telemedicine
doctor
VTCclient
VTCclient
healthcareworker
patient
connectivity
hospitalphysicaltransport
URBAN RURAL
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Education
masterteacher
contentcapture
contentdatabase
rural PC
teacher
student
connectivityURBAN RURAL
teachertraining
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Agriculture
agricultureexpert
digitization
agri-infoserver
knowledgeclient
(extensionworker)
farmer
connectivity
harvesttransportmarket
URBAN RURAL
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Rural ICT?
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
This is not easy.
But, it’s not the difficult part!!!
Challenges:• capital costs• operational costs• power/connectivity infrastructure• good location• etc.
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“Content”
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
Challenges:• dedicated human expertise• local language and content• datacenter costs• digitization effort and costs • ongoing content maintenance• etc.
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“Capacity Building”
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
Challenges:• basic education• training• ongoing training• replacing those who leave• costs for all of the above• etc.
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Supply Chain and Transport
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
Challenges:• supply chain set-up• road infrastructure• routine transport • cost of travel• etc.
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The End-to-End Challenge
knowledgesource
knowledgedigitization
knowledgeserver
knowledgeclient
knowledgemediator
knowledgebeneficiary
connectivity
physicaltransportphysical
centre
URBAN RURAL
End-to-end services are… • geographically distributed• human, physical, digital• ongoing
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Order of implementation?
Source ServerConnect-
ivityClient Mediator Transport User
GovernanceGovern-
ment
Gov’t data
center
Connect-ivity
Rural PC OperatorDocu-ments
Citizen
Health DoctorVTC client
Connect-ivity
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medication
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
Content repository
Connect-ivity
Class-room PC
Teacher <none> Student
Micro-finance
Bank / MFIBank
recordsConnect-
ivityRural client
Loan officer
Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expertAgri
repositoryConnect-
ivityRural PC
Extension worker
Agri inputs Farmer
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Rural, but disconnected…
Source ServerConnect-
ivityClient Mediator Transport User
GovernanceGovern-
ment
Gov’t data
center
Connect-ivity
Rural PC OperatorDocu-ments
Citizen
Health DoctorVTC client
Connect-ivity
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medication
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
Content repository
Connect-ivity
Class-room PC
Teacher <none> Student
Micro-finance
Bank / MFIBank
recordsConnect-
ivityRural client
Loan officer
Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expertAgri
repositoryConnect-
ivityRural PC
Extension worker
Agri inputs Farmer
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End-to-End Connects
Source ServerConnect-
ivityClient Mediator Transport User
GovernanceGovern-
ment
Gov’t data
center
Connect-ivity
Rural PC OperatorDocu-ments
Citizen
Health DoctorVTC client
Connect-ivity
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medication
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
Content repository
Connect-ivity
Class-room PC
Teacher <none> Student
Micro-finance
Bank / MFIBank
recordsConnect-
ivityRural client
Loan officer
Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expertAgri
repositoryConnect-
ivityRural PC
Extension worker
Agri inputs Farmer
The “digital divide” is not all digital!!!
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SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
Scale is Incremental
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
SourceDigitiza
-tionServer Client
Mediator
Transport
User
Governance
Govern-ment
digitiza-tion
Gov’t data
center
Rural PC
Operator
Docu-ments
Citizen
Health Doctordigitiza-
tionVTC client
VTC client
Health worker
Patients / medicati
on
Patient
EducationMaster teacher
digitiza-tion
Content reposito
ry
Class-room PC
Teacher <none>Stude
nt
Financial services
Bankdigitiza-
tionBank
recordsRural client
Financial
officerCash
Custom-er
AgricultureAgri
expertdigitiza-
tion
Agri reposito
ry
Rural PC
Extension
worker
Agri inputs
Farmer
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Summary Recommendations
Focus on services end to end.
Invest in the whole solution:– digital, physical, human
Be prepared for sustained, distributed, high-skill effort to scale.
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Thank you!http://research.microsoft.com/research/[email protected]
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