EMR ch16
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Transcript of EMR ch16
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Caring for Common Medical Emergencies
16
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Topics
Medical EmergenciesEvaluating Mental StatusOverdose and PoisoningBehavioral Emergencies
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MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
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Medical Emergencies
• Assessment Take appropriate BSI precautions. Complete a scene size-up. Perform primary assessment. Perform secondary assessment. Complete reassessments. Comfort and reassure patient while
awaiting additional EMS resources.
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EVALUATING MENTAL STATUS
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Evaluating Mental Status
• Normal mental status Complete and accurate awareness of
one's surroundings• Person• Place• Time• Events
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Evaluating Mental Status
• Altered mental status (AMS) Decreased patient alertness and
responsiveness to surroundings• Confusion• Slow to respond
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Figure 16.1 A patient with an altered mental status is often confused and not aware of his surroundings.
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Figure 16.3 The Glasgow Coma Scale.
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Figure 16.2 Common causes of an altered mental status.
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Figure 16.4 Identifying the exact cause of altered mental status can be very difficult.
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Evaluating Mental Status
• Signs and Symptoms of AMS Confusion Seizures Inappropriate behavior Lack of awareness of surroundings Combativeness Syncope• Collapse or fainting
Unresponsiveness
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Evaluating Mental Status
• Assessing the Patient Focus on observation. Obtain complete medical history.• Baseline mental status
Use AVPU scale• Alert• Verbal• Painful• Unresponsive
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Evaluating Mental Status
• General treatment of AMS BSI airway and breathing. oxygen as per local protocols. vital signs.
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SEIZURES
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CVA
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Altered Mental Status—Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident
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Figure 16.6 A patient suffering a stroke may have facial droop on one side or the other. (© Michal Heron)
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DIABETES
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OVERDOSE AND POISONING
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Table 16.2 Commonly Abused Substances
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Table 16.2 (continued) Commonly Abused Substances
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Table 16.2 (continued) Commonly Abused Substances
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Overdose and Poisoning
• Routes of Exposure Ingestion Inhalation Absorption Injection
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Figure 16.8 The American Association of Poison Control Centers maintains an easy-to-remember nationwide 800 number.
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Figure 16.9 Poisons come in colorful containers that are often appealing to children.
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Overdose and Poisoning
• Inhaled Poisons Carbon monoxide • Takes the place of oxygen in the blood
stream.• Signs and symptoms• Headache • Dizziness • Confusion• Seizures• Coma
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Overdose and Poisoning
• Absorbed Poisons Signs and Symptoms• Skin reactions• Mild irritations to severe burns
• Hives• Itching• Eye irritation• Headache• Increased skin temperature
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Overdose and Poisoning
• Injected Poisons Sources• Insect stings• Spider bites• Stings from marine life• Snakebites• Hypodermic needle• Drug overdose or contamination
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ALLERGIC REACTION
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BEHAVIORAL EMERGENCIES
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Figure 16.11 Encourage the emotionally distraught patient to tell you what is troubling her.
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Figure 16.12 Law enforcement officers may be needed to approach and control a patient experiencing a behavioral emergency.
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Figure 16.13 Use restraint only as a last resort.