Empyrean 1 PHYTOPHTHORA SENSITIVITY: VERTICILLIUM...
Transcript of Empyrean 1 PHYTOPHTHORA SENSITIVITY: VERTICILLIUM...
Empyrean® 1 is a peach hybrid with extraordinary vigor. This rootstock has a lower chilling requirement than Hansen 536, making it useful in low chill conditions sometimes experienced in California. Bloom timing is similar to the common Nemaguard rootstock, while harvest timing is similar to Hansen 536. The vigor of Empyrean® 1 results in quick space-filling and rapid increases in production. In young trees, high almond production has not sacrificed nut size. Empyrean® 1 shows promise of being one of the best and highest yielding almond rootstocks available for well drained soils.
Empyrean®1Cv.(VI89)
PARENTAGE: Prunus persica x Prunus davidiana
ORIGIN: CNR, Italy
OLDEST TEST SITES IN THE US: 2003 with Peaches in western Colorado, 2004 with almonds in the San Joaquin Valley.
COMPATIBILITY: Almonds, some plums (European and Japanese), peaches and some apricots.
VIGOR: Approximately 120% the vigor of Nemaguard and 110% the vigor of Hansen 536 with almond scions.
GROWTH UNIFORMITY: Good with almond.
ROOTSTOCK INDUCED TREE FORM: Slightly more spreading than Nemaguard.
ANCHORAGE: Superior to Nemaguard. Tests are continuing.
YIELD EFFICIENCY: Excellent with almonds in the early years. Tests are continuing.
SUCKERING: Does not produce suckers.
CHILLING REQUIREMENT: Lower chilling requirement than Hansen 536.
COLD HARDINESS: Has not been well tested. No problems have appeared in a western Colorado test site.
NEMATODE RESISTANCE: Resistant to Rootknot nematode. Tests are ongoing for Ring nematodes. Not resistant to Lesion nematodes.
EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON BACTERIAL CANKER SUSCEPTIBILITY: Unknown.
OAK ROOT FUNGUS TOLERANCE: Untested.
PHYTOPHTHORA SENSITIVITY: Appears similar to Nemaguard, but needs more testing.
VERTICILLIUM RESISTANCE: Slightly susceptible, but much less than Lovell rootstock
DISEASE PROBLEMS--OTHER: Unknown.
ASPHIXIA TOLERANCE: Unknown
DROUGHT TOLERANCE: Unknown
CROWN GALL SUSCEPTIBILITY: Susceptible. Level of susceptibility is not extreme, but needs more evaluation to determine the level of susceptibility experienced in orchards.
HIGH PH TOLERANCE: Moderate.
SALT TOLERANCE: Good. Performs better than many Peach-Almond hybrids
CALCAREOUS SOIL TOLERANCE: Moderate.
REJECTION COMPONENT OF REPLANT DISORDER SUSCEPTIBILITY: Good. Similar to Hansen 536
Empyrean®1 Rootstock
Williams Tree Spacing 15 x 24 LBS. NUTMEAT/ACRE
ROOTSTOCK VARIETY AVE. KERNEL 3RD 4TH TOTAL WEIGHT (G)
Empyrean®1 Monterey 1.39 327 2008 2334 Lovell Monterey 1.45 312 1949 2261
Empyrean®1 Nonpareil 1.14 934 2514 3448 Lovell Nonpareil 1.09 886 1849 2735
Butte County LBS. NUTMEAT/ACRE
ROOTSTOCK 4TH LEAF RANKING
Empyrean®1 1321 a Atlas 1190 ab Nickels 1162 bc Lovell 1042 cd Rootpac-R® 1025 d Krymsk®86 1017 d
Kern County
LBS. NUTMEAT/ACRE
ROOTSTOCK 4TH LEAF
Empyrean®1 1713 Nemaguard 1577 Krymsk®86 1596 Atlas 1602 Hansen 536 1707
•Peach Hybrid with High Vigor
•Large Trunk & Tree Canopy
•Reaches Productive Harvests Sooner
•Salt Tolerant
•Less Sensitive to Crown Gall than Hansen 536
•Replant Disorder Tolerance Similar to Hansen 536
Cumulative Almond Yields on Empyrean®1
Williams Tree Spacing 18 x 22 LBS. NUTMEAT/ACRE
ROOTSTOCK VARIETY AVE. KERNEL 3RD 4TH TOTAL WEIGHT (G)
Empyrean®1 Nonpareil 1.11 2194 2732 4926 Lovell Nonpareil 1.17 1599 1727 3326 Bright Hybrid® 5 Nonpareil 1.13 2387 2359 4746 Krymsk® 86 Nonpareil 1.10 2013 2408 4421 Rootpac-R® Nonpareil 1.12 1387 2086 3472
Stanislaus County LBS. NUTMEAT/ACRE ROOTSTOCK VARIETY 4TH 6TH 7TH 8TH TOTAL
Nemaguard Nonpareil 2650 2719 3100 1946 10415 Empyrean®1 Carmel 2797 3434 2182 2614 11027
Nemaguard Nonpareil 3191 4381 3285 2688 13525 Empyrean®1 Carmel 3409 5035 4155 3505 16104 Data from Roger Duncan, UCCE Stanislaus
4th Leaf Nonpareil Yields on Empyrean®1
cv. (VI 89)
Relative Salt Tolerance of 15 Almond Rootstocks
% sodium %chlorideNemaguard 0.99 0.51lovell 0.70 0.50Guardian 0.76 0.41cadaman 0.38 0.25Empyrean® 1 0.09 0.07hansen 0.09 0.07Nickels 0.28 0.15GF 677 0.04 0.05cornerstone 0.04 0.05Viking 0.29 0.21Atlas 0.94 0.29Krymsk®86 0.60 0.32Penta 0.30 0.41Julior 0.35 0.16empyrean®101 0.06 0.04
roger duncan, ucce
Yields Nonpareil Nutmeats lb/acre
0
4000
8000
Lovell
NONP
AREIL
12000
15000
CARM
EL
20000
CARM
EL
NONP
AREIL
Empyrean®1Nemaguard
Yields Nonpareil Nutmeats lb/acre
1500
2000
2500
Lovell
MONT
EREY
MONT
EREY
NONP
ARIEL
3000
3500NO
NPAR
IEL
Empyrean®1 Lovell2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Lovell Bright’s Hybrid®5
4926
3326
4421
3472
Empyrean®1 Krymsk®86 Rootpac-R®
Yields Nonpareil Nutmeats lb/acre
4746
5500
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Atlas Nickels Lovell
1321
1190 1162
10421025 1017
Empyrean®1 Rootpac-R® Krymsk®86
Yields Nonpareil Nutmeats lb/acre
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
Nemaguard Krymsk®86
1713
1577
1596 1602
1707
Empyrean®1 Atlas Hansen 536
Yields Nonpareil Nutmeats lb/acre
Replant Disorder Test Results
Stem
diam
eter in
creas
e (mm
)
Lovell
Nemagu
ardBHOK 1
BHOK 10
BHOK 28
BHOK 32
BHOK 50
Empyr
ean® 1
Bright’s
Hybrid® 5
Bright’s
Hybrid® 106
Garnem
15
Hansen
536
Hansen
536-OR*
Control
ler 5
Krymsk® 1
Krymsk® 2
Krysmk® 9
Krymsk® 86
Tempro
pac*
PAC 9908
-02
Replan
tpac*Myro
bol
Marianna
2624
Greg Browne, USDA
Non-fumigated Fumigated35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0