empl_021986

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGSU.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor Statistics

February 1986

In this issue:Revised seasonally adjusted labor force seriesChanges in the estimation procedure in the Current

Population Survey beginning in January 1986

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mDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORWilliam E. Brock, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSJanet L. Norwood, Commissioner

Employment and Earnings is prepared by the Divi-sion of Data Development and Users' Services andthe Division of Monthly Industry EmploymentStatistics in collaboration with the Division ofSpecial Publications. The data are collected by theBureau of the Census (Department of Commerce)and State employment security agencies, in coopera-tion with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A briefdescription of the cooperative statistical programs ofthe BLS with these agencies is presented in the Ex-planatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on theinside back cover.

Employment and Earnings may be ordered throughthe Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.Subscription price per year $31 domestic and $38.75foreign. Single copy $4.50 domestic and $5.63foreign. Annual supplement $8 domestic and $10foreign. Prices are subject to change by the U.S.Government Printing Office. For ordering informa-tion call (202) 783-3238.

Communications on material in this publicationshould be addressed to: Editors, Employment andEarnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington,D.C. 20212, or phone: Gloria P. Green (202)523-1821. Send correspondence on circulation andsubscription matters (including address changes) tothe Superintendent of Documents.

The Secretary of Labor has determined that publica-tion of this periodical is necessary in the transactionof the public business required by law of this Depart-ment. Use of funds for printing this periodical hasbeen approved by the Director of the Office ofManagement and Budget through July 1, 1986.Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. andat additional mailing addresses.

Material in this publication is in the public domainand, with appropriate credit, may be reproducedwithout permission.

ISSN 0013-6840

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearingregularly in Employment and Earningsspecial features appear in most of theissues as shown below:

Household data

Annual averagesUnion affiliation

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusteddata, persons not in labor force, personsof Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veteransand nonveterans, family relationship data,weekly earnings data

Establishment data

National annual averages:

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Industry detail (final)

Women employees (final)

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks andnew seasonal factors

Revised historical national data

State and area annual averages

Area definitions

State and area labor force data

Annual averages

Jan.Jan.

Jan., Feb.

Jan., Apr. ,July, Oct.

Jan.

Mar.

Mar.

June1

Supplement2

May

May

May

1 Issue varies. Latest revised data introduced June 1S>85.2 Month of publication varies. The latest supplement was published in June 1985.

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employment and EarningsVol. 33 No. 2 February 1986

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Editors' noteEffective with the publication of national employment and unemployment data for January 1986, im-

provements have been introduced into the estimation procedure used in the Current Population Survey(household survey). For the first time, the population estimates will reflect an explicit estimate of thenumber of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) into the United States since 1980, as well as animproved estimate of emigration from the United States by legal residents for the same time period. Theserevisions had a comparatively small effect on the total population figure, but their effect on the Hispanic-origin population estimate was more pronounced. Thus, BLS will revise labor force estimates forHispanics, to the extent possible, back to January 1980. The article beginning on page 7 discusses thenature and impact of the changes.

In addition, this issue introduces in table A-9 a new measure of part-time employment based on theusual work schedules of employed workers. The article beginning on page 11 discusses the derivation andlimitations of the new data series.

Contents

Page

List of statistical tables 2Employment and unemployment developments, January 1986 5Changes in the estimation proceduce in the Current Population

Survey beginning in January 1986 7Introduction of a new measure of part-time employment 11

Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjusted-Household data 15Establishment data:

Employment 50Hours and earnings 85

State and area labor force data 116

Seasonally adjusted-Household data 42Establishment data:

Employment 62Hours and earnings 105

Productivity data 113

Revised seasonally adjusted labor force series, 1981-85 122

Explanatory notes 174


MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status

A- 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951 to date 12

A- 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1974 to date 13A- 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951, to date 14A- 4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race 15A- 5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age 18A- 6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 19A- 7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by

school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 20A- 8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age 22A- 9. Full-and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race 23A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship 24

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-l 1. Unemployed person^by marital status, race, age, and sex 25A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex 26A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex 27A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race 28A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment 29A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 29A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, marital status, and duration of unemployment 30A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment 31A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used 32A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used 32

Characteristics off the Employed

A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex 33A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age 34A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex 35A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker 36A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation 37A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status 37A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry 38A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,

and usual status 38A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class pf worker and full- or part-time

status 39A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full-

or part-time status 40A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status 41

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationedin the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted 42

A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,seasonally adjusted 43

A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted 44

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 45A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 46A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 46A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 47A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 47A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 48A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 48


MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Employment—National

B- 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1934 to date 49B- 2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry 50B- 3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 61B- 4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

seasonally adjusted 62B- 5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

seasonally adjusted 63B- 6. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and

manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 64B- 7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted 65

Employment—States and Areas

B- 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry 66

Hours and Earnings—National

C- 1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date 85

C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by detailed industry 88

C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 104C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars 104C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 105C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private non-

agricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 106C- 7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or

nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 107

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas

C- 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States andselected areas 108

PRODUCTIVITY DATAC- 9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,

seasonally adjusted 113C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted 114C-ll. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,

unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates 115

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATAD- 1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas 116


REVISED MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Revised Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series

1. Labor force by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status 122

2. Labor force participation rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 129

3. Employed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status 136

4. Employed civilians in agricultural and nonagricultural industries by selected characteristics 143

5. Persons at work on part-time schedules by reason . 146

6. Employment-population ratios by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 147

7. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status 154

8. Unemployed persons by reason for and duration of unemployment 162

9. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status 164

10. Unemployment rates for wage and salary workers by industry 172


Employment and UnemploymentDevelopments, January 1986

Employment rose in January and unemploymentdeclined. The overall unemployment rate fell from 6.8percent to 6.6 percent, and the rate for civilian workersdropped from 6.9 to 6.7 percent.

The number of nonagricultural wage and salaryjobs—as measured by the monthly survey of businessestablishments—rose by 565,000 in January, afterseasonal adjustment, to 99.6 million. Civilianemployment—as measured by the monthly survey ofhouseholds—rose by about 400,000 over the month,after allowance is made for the effect of technicalchanges introduced in January in the procedure used fordeveloping survey estimates. The proportion of thecivilian population with jobs rose to a record 60.6percent.

UnemploymentThe number of unemployed persons edged down in

January to 7.8 million, after seasonal adjustment, andthe civilian unemployment rate fell by 0.2 percentagepoint to 6.7 percent. Both measures have shown gradualimprovement since last summer. The rate was at itslowest level since March of 1980. Jobless rates declinedfor adult men and whites over the month (both fallingfrom 5.9 to 5.7 percent), while rates for adult women(6.1 percent), teenagers (18.4 percent), blacks (14.4 per-cent), Hispanics (10.1 percent), and most other workergroups were little changed from December. (See tablesA-33 and A-34.)

The number of unemployed persons who had beenseeking work for 27 weeks or longer—the very long-term unemployed—declined by 130,000 in January to1.1 million. This group accounted for 14 percent of thejobless total. There was little change in either mean ormedian duration of joblessness, however. Among thereasons for unemployment categories, there weredeclines in the number of other job losers (those who donot expect recall) and labor force reentrants; these wereoffset partly by an increase in unemployment amongjob leavers. (See tables A-40 and A-41.)

Civilian employment and the labor forceAfter adjusting for the effect of the revised popula-

tion estimates, civilian employment rose by 400,000 inJanuary to 109.0 million, seasonally adjusted. (Employ-ment normally falls markedly in January, and this year

the decline was considerably less than usual, resulting inthe large seasonally adjusted increase.) Theemployment-population ratio—the proportion of thecivilian population with jobs—reached a record 60.6percent in January, as there was a sharp increase in theratio for men.

The civilian labor force stood at 116.8 million inJanuary, not much different from the December levelafter allowance is made for the change in the estimationprocedure. Over the year, the labor force grew by ap-proximately 1.6 million (again, after adjustment).

Industry payroll employmentTotal nonagricultural payroll employment increased

by 565,000 in January to 99.6 million, after seasonal ad-justment. The January job count was 3.1 million aboveits year-earlier level. (See table B-4.)

In the service-producing sector, there were especiallylarge seasonally adjusted increases in retail trade andservices. Employment in retail trade, which had showncomparatively limited growth during the Christmas buy-ing season, did not show as large a decline as usual inJanuary and, after seasonal adjustment, rose by205,000. The over-the-year increase, which is not af-fected by seasonality, totaled more than 800,000. Ser-vices continued its pattern of strong job growth with anadditional 115,000 jobs in January; the over-the-yeargain in this industry was a very robust 1.1 million.Elsewhere in the sector, there were over-the-month in-creases in transportation and public utilities, wholesaletrade, and finance, insurance, and real estate.

In the goods-producing sector, construction employ-ment did not experience as large a decline as it usuallydoes in January. Buoyed by mild weather and strengthin the housing industry, construction jobs rose by155,000 to 4.9 million, seasonally adjusted. Thisdevelopment followed several months of little change.Mining employment was about unchanged in January.

Manufacturing jobs edged up in January, followingincreases in each of the prior 3 months. At 19.5 million,manufacturing employment was 135,000 less than theprevious year's level, as there had been substantialdeclines between January and September 1985. ThisJanuary, there were small over-the-month employmentincreases among many of the individual manufacturingindustries.


Weekly hoursThe average workweek of production or nonsuper-

visory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls re-mained at 35.1 hours in January, after seasonal adjust-ment. Weekly hours in manufacturing edged down 0.1hour to 40.9 hours, still a very high level. Factory over-time also decreased 0.1 hour, to 3.5 hours. (See tableC-5.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production ornonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturalpayrolls rose 0.8 percent to 119.0 (1977=100), afterseasonal adjustment. Following continuous advancessince September, the manufacturing index was littlechanged in January. (See table C-6.)

Hourly and weekly earningsAverage hourly and weekly earnings declined 0.7 per-

cent in January, seasonally adjusted. Prior to seasonal

adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 2 cents to$8.74, while weekly earnings were down $4.54 to$303.28, a reflection of a drop in the workweek which istypical for this time of year. Over the past year, hourlyearnings have risen 24 cents and weekly earnings $8.33.(See tables C-l and C-7.)

The Hourly Earnings IndexThe Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 167.7

(1977 = 100) in January, seasonally adjusted, a decreaseof 0.4 percent from December. For the 12 months endedin January, the increase was 2.9 percent. The HEI ex-cludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated tounderlying wage rate movements—fluctuations inmanufacturing overtime and interindustry employmentshifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEIdecreased 0.5 percent during the 12-month period endedin December. (See table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates

Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release onthe following dates:

Reference month

February

March

April

Release date

March 7

April 4

May 2

Reference month

May

June

July

Release date

June 6

July 3

August 1


Changes in the EstimationProcedure in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning inJanuary 1986

'Jeffrey S. Passel

The Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthlysurvey sponsored by the BLS and conducted by theBureau of the Census, is a probability sample of about59,500 households designed to provide reliable estimatesof the labor force status of the population.

Over the past 2 years, a number of changes in the CPSdesign and estimation procedure have been im-plemented in order to improve the efficiency of the sam-ple and increase the reliability of the estimates. BetweenApril 1984 and July 1985, the old (1970 census-based)sample was gradually phased out and replaced by a new(1980 census-based) sample.1 To increase the reliabilityof the new sample estimates, nearly all phases of theestimation procedure were revised. Most of the revisionswere introduced in January 1985; others were phased ingradually during 1985.2

Beginning in January 1986, two additional changeswere introduced into the independent populationestimates used in the weighting procedure. For the firsttime, the population estimates include an explicitallowance for net undocumented immigration into theUnited States. The other change is an increase in theestimate of emigration, or movement out of the UnitedStates, by legal residents. Taken together, the twochanges had a comparatively small effect on the totalpopulation figure, but their effect on the Hispanicpopulation estimate was more pronounced.

This article describes the January 1986 changes in themethods used to derive the independent populationestimates and discusses their cumulative effect on CPSestimates.

Changes in the CPS ratio estimation procedureIn general, the CPS estimation procedure involves

weighting the data collected from each sample person to

* Jeffrey S. Passel is Chief, Population Analysis Staff, PopulationDivision, Bureau of the Census.

1 A description of the scope and nature of the CPS redesign andphase-in appears in "Redesign of the Sample for the Current Popula-tion Survey," Employment and Earnings, May 1984, pp. 7-10.

2 The revisions in the estimation procedure are described in"Changes in Estimation Procedure in the Current Population SurveyBeginning in January 1985," Employment and Earnings, February1985, pp. 7-11.

arrive at estimates for the total civilian population andits components. First, a basic weight is obtained bymultiplying the value for any characteristic for eachsample unit by the inverse of the probability of selec-tion. This basic weight is adjusted for householdnoninterviews, and a ratio estimation procedure is per-formed, as follows: A first-stage ratio adjustment is ap-plied to reduce the contribution to the variance that isthe result of not including all geographic areas in thesample. A second-stage ratio adjustment furtherreduces the variability of the estimates and corrects, tosome extent, for undercoverage of the population in theCPS relative to the decennial census. Finally, a com-posite estimation procedure is performed to furtherreduce variance by taking advantage of survey datafrom previous months. For further details of these pro-cedures, see "Estimation Methods" in the HouseholdData section of the Explanatory Notes at the back ofthis publication.

Second-stage ratio adjustmentThe second-stage ratio estimation procedure was

revised in January 1986 to reflect these changes in netmigration. The second-stage procedure adjusts sampleestimates of the population in a number of age-sex-race-ethnicity groups to independently derived populationtotals based on the previous census. This adjustment isperformed in three steps. First, the sample estimates foreach State and the District of Columbia are adjusted toindependent control totals for the population 16 yearsof age and over by month in sample. The second step isan adjustment at the national level by month in sampleto eight age-sex totals for Hispanic and non-Hispanicpersons. The third step is also a national-level adjust-ment by month in sample within each of three racegroups—white, black, and other races. There are 32age-sex groups each for whites and blacks and six age-sex groups for the other races category. The entire three-step procedure is iterated six times to ensure that thesample estimates of the population within each detailedcategory for both State and national levels are virtuallyequal to the independent population control totals.

The independent population controls are derived by a


component estimation methodology. Slightly differenttechniques are used to derive the estimates for racialgroups (by age and sex) than are used to derive theestimates for the Hispanic population (by age and sex).3

For both the race and Hispanic estimates, the 1980 cen-sus population is carried forward to the estimate date byadding births, subtracting deaths, and adding net inter-national migration (consisting of immigration andemigration).

The changes in the estimation procedure which wereinstituted in January 1986 involve the internationalmigration component. Specifically, an allowance for netundocumented immigration of 200,000 per year sinceApril 1980 (the census date) was added to the estimatedlevel of legal immigration. In addition, the annualestimate of emigration by legal residents was increasedfrom 36,000 to 160,000. The net result of these twochanges is to increase the total population estimate by76,000 per year over the estimates developed by thetechniques used before January 1986.

Undocumented immigrationPrior to January 1986, the Census Bureau's postcen-

sal population estimates included no allowance for un-documented immigration. Even though there waswidespread recognition of the phenomenon, the onlyestimates of the magnitude of undocumented immigra-tion, particularly of the annual flow, were based on lit-tle more than speculation. Research conducted at theCensus Bureau over the last several years4 has shownthat undocumented aliens appearing in censuses andsurveys can provide a basis for measuring at least a por-tion of undocumented migration to the United States.

Estimates of the number of undocumented aliens in-cluded in the 1980 census were derived by comparingtwo different sets of estimates:5 (1) estimates of the total

3 Estimates for the Hispanic population use the conventionalcohort-component methodology, whereas those for the total popula-tion use a variant called the inflation-deflation method. See"Estimating Methods" in the Household Data section of the Ex-planatory Notes of this publication.

4 Robert Warren and Jeffrey S. Passel, "A Count of the Uncoun-table: Estimates of Undocumented Aliens Counted in the 1980 UnitedStates Census," submitted for publication; Jeffrey S. Passel andKaren A. Woodrow, "Geographic Distribution of Undocumented Im-migrants: Estimates of Undocumented Aliens Counted in the 1980Census by State," International Migration Review 18 (Fall, 1984), pp.642-671; Passel and Woodrow, "Growth of the Undocumented AlienPopulation in the United States, 1979-1983, as Measured by the Cur-rent Population Survey and the Decennial Census," paper presentedat the 1985 annual meeting of the Population Association of America,Boston, Mass., March 1985.

5 Details of the estimation procedure can be found in Warren andPassel, op. cit. It must be stressed that the research regarding un-documented aliens included in the 1980 census did not compromise theconfidentiality of U.S. census data that is required by law. No attemptwas made to determine the legal status of individual aliens; in fact, it isnot possible to do so. The estimates were developed by comparingstatistical aggregates, not by determining the legal status ofindividuals.

number of aliens included in the 1980 census; and (2)estimates of the number of aliens residing legally in theUnited States at the census date, derived primarily fromthe Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) data.The difference between the two estimates is assumed tobe the result of undocumented aliens being included inthe 1980 census.

Both sets of data used to derive the estimates—1980census data on the foreign-born population and 1980alien registration data from INS—required a number ofcorrections and modifications to account for knowndeficiencies. The census data were corrected fornonreporting of country of birth, misreporting ofcitizenship status, and misreporting of nativity. The INSdata were corrected for underregistration andnonreporting of country of birth.

A comparison of the independently derived estimatesof the legally resident population on April 1, 1980, withthe 1980 census count of aliens shows that 2,057,000 un-documented aliens were included in the 1980 census. Ofthese, 1,131,000, or 55 percent, were born in Mexico.No single country other than Mexico accounts for asmuch as 5 percent of the total. An estimated 1,517,000,or 75 percent, of the undocumented immigrants countedin the census entered the United States during the1970's, with 946,000 (or 46 percent) entering during the5 years prior to the 1980 census.

A supplement to the April 1983 CPS provided data oncountry of birth, year of immigration, and citizenshipthat were used to estimate growth of the undocumentedalien population since the 1980 census.6 An estimate ofthe foreign-born population residing legally in the coun-try in 1983 was first developed by carrying forward theestimate for 1980 by adding legal immigration and bysubtracting mortality and emigration during the in-tervening period. The difference between the estimatedlegally resident foreign-born population and the totalforeign-born population in the April 1983 CPS gives thenumber of undocumented aliens in 1983. Because theCPS sample is smaller than the census and because ofother inherent limitations, the 1983 estimate of un-documented aliens is less precise than the estimate for1980. In spite of such limitations, the research showsthat the undocumented alien population grew by bet-ween 100,000 and 300,000 per year between 1980 and1983.

On the basis of these studies, the Census Bureau'spostcensal estimates have been revised to allow for netannual undocumented immigration of 200,000 for everyyear since 1980. Approximately 70 percent of the un-documented immigrants are Hispanic. The items neededto develop further estimates of undocumented alienswill be included in a supplement to the June 1986 CPS.

6 The estimation procedures and underlying assumptions aredescribed in Passel and Woodrow, "Growth of the UndocumentedAlien Population."


On the basis of these data, the Census Bureau plans toupdate the estimates of growth in the undocumentedalien population and, if necessary, revise the estimatesof net annual undocumented immigration. Until theresearch based on the June 1986 CPS supplement is com-pleted, the figure of 200,000 will continue to be used fornet annual undocumented immigration.

Emigration of legal residentsPrior to January 1986, an estimate of 36,000 was used

for annual emigration of legal residents in the postcen-sal population estimates. The total consisted of 27,000native-born and 9,000 foreign-born emigrants. Thesame figure was used throughout the 1970's; during the1960's an annual figure of 25,000 was used. CensusBureau research over the last decade has shown,however, that emigration of legal foreign-born residentswas much higher than the figures used in the postcensalestimates—amounting to about 1.3 million for the1970's and 1 million for the 1960's.7 These higherestimates of legal emigration were not incorporated intothe international migration component of the CensusBureau's postcensal population estimates until anallowance for net undocumented immigration could beincorporated, in order to avoid understating netimmigration.

Based on the research for the 1970's, emigration oflegal foreign-born residents during the 1980's isestimated to be 133,000 per year. Beginning in January1986, this figure has been incorporated into the postcen-sal estimates for dates since 1980. When combined withthe estimated 27,000 native-born emigrants, thisestimate yields total annual emigration of 160,000, afigure which exceeds the estimate previously used by124,000 per year. Such high levels of emigration, run-ning about 30 percent of total legal immigration, are en-tirely consistent with the historical experience in theUnited States. Data collected by the INS for 1908through 1957 show emigration trends following im-migration trends at approximately this same level.

The net effect of the new figures for legal emigrationand net undocumented immigration is an increase of on-ly 76,000 per year in the estimated population for yearssince 1980. The effect on the Hispanic population ismuch greater—about 109,000 per year. More detailedinformation on the effects of the changes on CPSestimates is presented in the last section of this article.

Implementation processThe two changes in the postcensal population

estimates implemented in January 1986 are based more

7 Robert Warren and Jennifer Marks Peck, "Foreign-BornEmigration from the United States: 1960-1970," Demography 17(February 1980), pp. 71-84; Robert Warren and Ellen Percy Kraly,The Elusive Exodus: Emigration from the United States, PopulationTrends and Public Policy Occasional Paper No. 8 (PopulationReference Bureau, Washington, D.C., March 1985).

on estimation and less on administrative records thanthe other components of the estimates, such as births,deaths, and legal immigration. Because of thisqualitative difference between the emigration and un-documented immigration components and the othercomponents, the Census Bureau conducted an extensiveprocess of review and consultation with various expertsbefore implementing the changes. The review processstarted with the presentaton of research findings beforeprofessional societies and staff-level discussionsbetween the Census Bureau and BLS and other majordata users.

In April 1985, the proposed changes were presentedto the Census Bureau's Population Technical AdvisoryCommittee and the American Statistical Association'sCensus Advisory Committee. Both committees sup-ported the explicit inclusion of net undocumented im-migration in the postcensal population estimates and anincrease in the allowance for legal emigration. The ASACommittee recommended further that the methods usedto measure these components be reviewed in detail byimmigration experts.

In response to the recommendation from the ASA'sCensus Advisory Committee, the Census Bureau con-vened an Expert Working Group on Undocumented Im-migration in October 1985. This group discussed theproposed changes and reviewed in detail themethodology used to develop the measures of net un-documented immigration and legal emigration. Thegroup strongly supported explicit inclusion of the twocomponents in postcensal population estimates and alsoendorsed the research methods used by the CensusBureau and the specific proposals for change that havebeen implemented beginning with January 1986.

Effect of revised procedure on national estimatesTable 1 provides population and labor force estimates

by age, race, and Hispanic origin for December 1985based on the old (as published) and new estimation pro-cedure. As the table indicates, the civilian noninstitu-tional population 16 years and over was raised by388,000 or considerably less than 1 percent.8 Most ofthis increase occurred among men and was heavily in the25-54 age group. The increase for the Hispanic-originpopulation, 422,000, was proportionately much larger,about 4 percent. The overall unemployment rate wasunaffected, and there were only marginal effects (nomore than a tenth of a percentage point) for specificworker groups.

Because of the magnitude of the adjustment for theHispanic-origin population, BLS will revise data back toJanuary 1980 for many of the Hispanic labor force

8 Out of the total U.S. adjustment, about 50 percent was allocatedto California, of which Los Angeles County received one half; about20 percent was allocated to Texas; and between 4 and 7 percent each toNew York, Illinois, and Florida. Other States were hardly affected bythe change in procedure.


series maintained in automated data bases at theBureau, including all the major age-sex components.Tables of the revised major series for the 16-and-overHispanic population will be available upon request,while data for any of the revised series may be

purchased from the Bureau in printed, diskette, ormagnetic tape format. Inquiries should be directed tothe Division of Data Development and Users' Services,Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics,Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212.

Table 1. Population and labor force estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin, using old and new estimation procedure,December 1985, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Civilian noninstitutionalpopulation

Total, 16 years and over.16 to 19 years.20 to 24 years.25 to 54 years.55 years and over.

Civilian labor force


Civilian employed


Unemployed


Unemployment rate

Total, 16 years and over.16 to 19 years.20 to 24 years.25 to 54 years.55 years and over

Total

Oldpro-

cedure

179,11214,47419,82095,45149,369

115,7807,370

15,449

78,09314,869

108,0636,022

13,93073,814

14,298

7,7171,3491,5194,279

571

6.718.3

9.85.53.8

Newpro-

cedure

179,50014,48919,85595,85749,299

116,1687,379

15,47378,43514,881

108,4156,027

13,94874,12914,311

7,7531,3521,5244,307

569

6.7

18.39.95.5

3.8

Differ-

ence

3881535

406-70

3889

24

34212

3525

18315

13

3635

28-2

00.1

00

White

Oldpro-

cedure

154,32711,86416,614

81,69144,159

100,0906,399

13,19867,26213,231

94,3855,422

12,13064,09212,743

5,704977

1,0683,171

488

5.7

15.38.14.73.7

Newpro-

cedure

154,66311,88616,65482,03244,092

100,4246,409

13,22667,55013,239

94,6925,429

12,15364,35812,752

5,732981

1,0733,191

487

5.7

15.38.14.73.7

Differ-

ence

3362240

341-67

334

1028

2888

3077

23266

9

2845

20-1

0000

0

Black

Oldpro-

cedure

19,8192,1472,640

10,6784,355

12,445814

1,8738,4351,323

10,681469

1,4737,4861,252

1,76434540094970

14.242.4

21.311.35.3

Newpro-

cedure

19,8062,1462,639

10,6814,341

12,447814

1,8738,4391,322

10,679469

1,472

7,4861,252

1,768345401953

70

14.242.421.4

11.3

5.3

Differ-

ence

-13-1

-13

-14

2004

-1

-20

_-j

00

40140

00.1

00

Hispanic origin

Oldpro-

cedure

11,6901,2341,7576,7661,933

7,427

5251,287

4,975641

6,682385

1,1554,569

573

745140131406

68

10.026.710.28.2

10.6

Newpro-

cedure

12,1121,2991,8896,9901,933

7,733554

1,3865,150

642

6,955406

1,244

4,730574

77814814242068

10.126.7

10.38.2

10.6

• Differ-

ence

42265

132224

0

3062999

1751

2732189

1611

338

11140

.1

0.1

0

0

1 Differences are estimates based on the new procedure minus those bas-ed on the old procedure.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum

to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

10


Introduction of a New Measureof Part-time Employment

'Thomas J. Nardone

Beginning with the publication of data for January1986, a new measure of part-time employment is beingintroduced. The measure is intended to supplement ex-isting information from the Current Population Surveyby providing a more accurate and straightforwardanswer to the often-asked question: How many peopleare part-time workers?

Each month, data are published on the number ofhours worked by persons at work during the surveyweek. For persons working less than 35 hours—the of-ficial boundary between full-time and part-timeemployment—data are available on both the reasonthey worked less than 35 hours and their usual status,whether full or part time. Based on these data, thesepersons are divided into three groups; (1) those volun-tarily at work part time, (2) those at work part time foreconomic reasons, and (3) those who usually work fulltime but were on part time schedules during the surveyweek due to illness, holiday, vacation, or similar reason.Combined with other groups—persons at work morethan 35 hours (full-time workers), employed personswho were not at work during the survey week, andunemployed persons—these data form several full- andpart-time categories.

These categories are useful for a variety of analyses.The number of persons working part time for economicreasons, for example, is of interest as a measure ofunderutilization of human resources and as an indicatorof cyclical movements in the labor market. The full- andpart-time labor forces are the denominators used in thecalculation of unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers. (See the Household Data section of theExplanatory Notes of this publication.)

Despite their usefulness, none of the available seriesgives a completely satisfactory estimate of the numberof people who are part-time workers, that is, thenumber who normally work less than full time. Theestimates of persons voluntarily at work part time ex-clude people who want full-time work but could onlyfind a part-time job. This category also excludes personswho are employed part time but were away from theirjobs during the survey week for various reasons. Thepart-time labor force series also fails to include personswho were working part time but want full-time jobs,that is, are working part time for economic reasons.

This category is problematic, containing as it doeselements of both full- and part-time work, depending ona person's usual status.

The new measures use the respondent's usual status toidentify all employed persons as either full- or part-timeworkers. On this basis, the part-time employed total in-cludes persons who usually work 1 to 34 hours, eithervoluntarily or for economic reasons, as well as personsabsent from work during the survey week who usuallywork part time. The full-time employed category in-cludes persons at work 35 hours or more, those whotypically work full time but worked less than 35 hoursduring the survey week, and those who were absentfrom work but usually work full time.

The new measure brings us closer to estimating howmany part-time jobs there are. However, to the extentthat some persons work at a part-time job in addition toone they hold on a full-time basis or work at least 35hours a week through a combination of part-time jobs,it will underestimate the number of part-time positions.This problem occurs because multiple jobholders arecounted only once in the survey. Nonetheless, these dataare the only source of current information aboutworkers on part-time schedules.

The new measures of full- and part-time employmentby age, sex, and race are presented in table A-9. Month-ly and quarterly seasonally adjusted series will beavailable in April 1986. Historical series for major age-sex groups back to 1968 will be available upon request.

Monthly and quarterly data on the full- and part-timelabor forces will no longer be published in Employmentand Earnings. However, these series will be providedupon request and will continue to be used in the calcula-tion of unemployment rates for full- and part-timeworkers and the alternative unemployment measures(U-6 and U-7) presented in "The Employment Situ-ation" news release.

A fuller description of the new measures appears in"Part-time Workers: Who Are They?" in the February1986 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

* Thomas J. Nardone is an economist in the Division of Employ-ment and Unemployment Analysis.

11


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-1. Employment status of the noninstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1952 to date


Yearand

month

Noninsti-tutional

population

Labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalResidentArmedForces

Civilian

Total AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

1952 ..19531 .1954 ..1955 ..1956 ..1957 ..1958 ..1959 ..

I9601 .1961 ..19621 .1963 ..1964 ..1965 ..1966 ..1967 ..1968 ..1969 ..

1970 ..1971 ..19721 .19731 .1974 ..1975 ..1976 ..1977 ..19781 .1979 ..

1980 ..1981 ..1982 ..1983 .1984 .1985 .,

1985:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember.OctoberNovember..December..

1986:January1

Annual averages

107,617109,287110,463111,747112,919114,213115,574117,117

119,106120,671122,214124,422126,503128,459130,180132,092134,281136,573

139,203142,189145,939148,870151,841154,831157,818160,689163,541166,460

169,349171,775173,939175,891178,080179,912

179,081179,219179,368179,501179,649179,798179,967180,131180,304180,470180,642180,810

181,361

64,52465,24665,78567,08768,51768,87769,48670,157

71,48972,35972,67573,83975,10976,40177,89279,56580,99082,972

84,88986,35588,84791,20393,67095,45397,826

100,665103,882106,559

108,544110,315111,872113,226115,241117,167

60.059.759.660.060.760.360.159.9

60.060.059.559.359.459.559.860.260.360.8

61.060.760.961.361.761.662.062.663.564.0

64.164.264.364.464.765.1

62,63663,41062,25164,23465,76466,01964,88366,418

67,63967,64668,76369,76871,32373,03475,01776,59078,17380,140

80,79681,34083,96686,83888,51587,52490,42093,67397,679

100,421

100,907102,042101,194102,510106,702108,856

2,3862,2312,1422,0641,9651,9481,8471,788

1,8611,9002,0612,0062,0181,9462,1222,2182,2532,238

2,1181,973,813,774,721,678,668,656,631,597

,604,645,668

1,6761,6971,706

60,25061,17960,10962,17063,79964,07163,03664,630

65,77865,74666,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526

100,834105,005107,150

6,5006,2606,2056,4506,2835,9475,5865,565

5,4585,2004,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606

3,4633,3943,4843,4703,5153,4083,3313,2833,3873,347

3,3643,3683,4013,3833,3213,179

53,74954,91953,90455,72257,51458,12357,45059,065

60,31860,54661,75963,07664,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296

75,21575,97278,66981,59483,27982,43885,42188,73492,66195,477

95,93897,03096,12597,450

101,685103,971

1,8831,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,740

3,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,312

2.92.85.44.34.04.26.65.3

5.46.55.45.55.04.43.73.73.53.4

4.85.85.54.85.58.37.66.96.05.8

7.07.59.59.57.47.1

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

116,451116,685117,036116,958117,044116,726116,976117,069117,522117,814117,832117,927

118,477

65.065.165.265.265.264.965.065.065.265.365.265.2

65.3

108,012108,290108,652108,574108,644108,303108,575108,936109,251109,513109,671109,904

110,646

1,6971,7031,7011,7021,7051,7021,7041,7261,7321,7001,7021,698

1,691

106,315106,587106,951106,872106,939106,601106,871107,210107,519107,813107,969108,206

108,955

3,3193,3253,3143,3533,2843,1403,1203,0953,0173,0583,0703,151

3,299

102,996103,262103,637103,519103,655103,461103,751104,115104,502104,755104,899105,055

105,655

43,09344,04144,67844,66044,40245,33646,08846,960

47,61748,31249,53950,58351,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602

54,31555,83457,09157,66758,17159,37759,99160,02559,65959,900

60,80661,46062,06762,66562,83962,744

8,4398,3958,3848,3848,4008,4238,4018,1338,2718,3018,1618,023

7,831

7.27.27.27.27.27.27.26.97.07.06.96.8

6.6

62,63062,53462,33262,54362,60563,07262,99163,06262,78262,65662,81062,883

62,885

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of theExplanatory Notes.

2 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted forseasonal variation.

NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53 of thispublication) for the most recent 5-year period are made at the end ofeach calendar year.

12



A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1975 to date


Sex, year,and month

Noninsti-tutional

population

Labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalResidentArmedForces

Civilian

Total AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

Annual averages

MEN19751976197719781

1979

198019811982198319841985

1985:January ....February...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember,December.

1986:January1 ....

WOMEN19751976197719781

1979

198019811982198319841985

1985:JanuaryFebruary....MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

1986:January1 ...

73,89175,34176,75678,10779,509

80,87782,02383,05284,06485,15686,025

85,62985,69285,76485,82785,89885,97086,05286,13286,21786,29386,37486,459

86,882

80,93882,47683,93285,43486,951

88,47289,75190,88791,82792,92493,886

93,45293,52793,60393,67493,75193,82893,91593,99994,08794,17794,26694,351

94,479

57,89958,75659,95961,15162,215

62,93263,48663,97964,58065,38665,967

78.478.078.178.378.2

77.877.477.076.876.876.7

53,45754,72056,29158,01059,096

58,66558,90957,80058,32060,64261,447

1,6001,5821,5631,5311,489

1,4791,5121,5291,5331,5511,556

51,85753,13854,72856,47957,607

57,18657,39756,27156,78759,09159,891

2,8242,7442,6712,7182,686

2,7092,7002,7362,7042,6682,535

49,03250,39452,05753,76154,921

54,47754,69753,53454,08356,42357,356


65,73765,78265,89865,92966,01265,80865,88465,94566,07466,22766,17666,139

66,679

76.876.876.876.876.876.576.676.676.676.776.676.5

76.7

61,16361,20761,38161,37361.49861,17561,27361,51061,62961,65661,73161,793

62,458

1,5491,5541,5531,5531,5561,5521,5541,5741,5801,5511,5521,549

1,539

59,61459,65359,82859,82059,94259,62359,71959,93660,04960,10560,17960,244

60,919

2,6782,6652,6272,6502,6362,5202,4792,4752,4132,4022,4352,506

2,546

56,93656,98857,20157,17057,30657,10357,24057,46157,63657,70357,74457,738

58,373

Annual averages

37,55339,06940,70542,73144,343

45,61146,82947,89448,64649,85551,200

46.447.448.550.051.0

51.652.252.753.053.754.5

34,06735,70137,38139,66941,325

42,24143,13343,39544,19046,06147,409

788692100108

124133139143146150

33,98935,61537,28939,56941,217

42,11743,00043,25644,04745,91547,259

584588612669661

656667665680653644

33,40435,02736,67738,90040,556

41,46142,33342,59143,36745,26246,615


50,71450,90351,13851,02951,03250,91851,09251,12451,44851,58751,65551,788

51,797

54.354.454.654.554.454.354.454.454.754.854.854.9

54.8

46,84947,08347,27147,20147,14647,12847,30247,42647,62247,85747,93948,111

48,187

148149148149149150150152152149149149

152

46,70146,93447,12347,05246,99746,97847,15247,27447,47047,70847,79047,962

48,035

641660687703648620641620604656635645

753

46,06046,27446,43646,34946,34946,35846,51146,65446,86647,05247,15547,317

47,282

4,4424,0363,6673,1423,120

4,2674,5776,1796,2604,7444,521

4,5744,5754,5174,5564,5144,6334,6114,4354,4454,5714,4454,346

4,221

3,4863,3693,3243,0613,018

3,3703,6964,4994,4573,7943,791

7.76.96.15.15.0

6.87.29.79.77.36.9

7.07.06.96.96.87.07.06.76.76.96.76.6

6.3

9.38.68.27.26.8

7.47.99.49.27.67.4

15,99316,58516,79716,95617,293

17,94518,53719,07319,48419,77120,058

19,89219,91019,86619,89819,88620,16220,16820,18720,14320,06620,19820,320

20,203

43,38643,40643,22742,70342,608

42,86142,92242,99343,18143,06842,686

3,8653,8203,8673,8283,8863,7903,7903,6983,8263,7303,7163,677

3,610

7.67.57.67.57.67.47.47.27.47.27.27.1

7.0

42,73842,62442,46542,64542,71942,91042,82342,87542,63942,59042,61142,563

42,682

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "HistoricalComparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

2 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experiencethrough December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

13



A-3. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1952 to date


Yearand

month

Civiliannoninsti-tutional

population


TotalPercent ofpopulation

Employed Unemployed

Unemployment rates

Total Men Women

Annual averages

1952....19531 ..1954 ....1955....1956....1957....1958 ....1959....

I9601 ..1961 ....19621 ..1963....1964 ....1965....1966 ....1967....1968 ....1969 ....

1970 ....1971 ....19721 ..19731 ..1974 ....1975 ....1976....1977 ...19781 .1979...

1980 ...1981 ...1982 ...1983 ...1984 ...1985...

1985:JanuaryFebruary ....MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember.OctoberNovember..December..

1986:January1.

105,231107,056108,321109,683110,954112,265113,727115,329

117,245118,771120,153122,416124,485126,513128,058129,874132,028134,335

137,085140,216144,126147,096150,120153,153156,150159,033161,910164,863

167,745170,130172,271174,215176,383178,206

62,13863,01563,64365,02366,55266,92967,639

69,62870,45970,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,734

82,77184,38287,03489,42991,94993,77596,15899,009

102,251104,962

106,940108,670110,204111,550113,544115,461

177,384177,516177,667177,799177,944178,096178,263178,405178,572178,770178,940179,112

114,754114,982115,335115,256115,339115,024115,272115,343115,790116,114116,130116,229

179,670 116,786

59.058.958.859.360.059.659.559.3

59.459.358.858.758.758.959.259.659.660.1

60.460.260.460.861.361.261.662.363.263.7

63.863.964.064.064.464.8

60,25061,17960,10962,17063,79964,07163,03664,630

65,77865,74666,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526

100,834105,005107,150

1,8831,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,740

3,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,312

3.02.95.54.44.14.36.85.5

5.56.75.55.75.24.53.83.83.63.5

4.95.95.64.95.68.57.77.16.15.8

7.17.69.79.67.57.2


65.0

64.764.864.964.864.864.664.764.764.865.064.964.9

106,315106,587106,951106,872106,939106,601106,871107,210107,519107,813107,969108,206

108,955

8,4398,3958,3848,3848,4008,4238,4018,1338,2718,3018,1618,023

7,831

7.47.37.37.37.37.37.37.17.17.17.06.9

6.7

2.82.85.34.23.84.16.85.2

5.46.45.25.24.64.03.23.12.92.8

4.45.35.04.24.97.97.16.35.35.1

6.97.49.99.97.47.0

7.17.17.07.17.07.27.26.96.97.16.96.7

6.5

3.63.36.04.94.84.76.85.9

5.97.26.26.56.25.54.85.24.84.7

5.96.96.66.06.79.38.68.27.26.8

7.47.99.49.27.67.4

7.67.57.67.57.67.57.47.37.57.37.27.1

7.0

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the

Explanatory Notes.2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

14


HOUSEHOLD DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race


Age, sex, and race

January 1986

Civilian

noninsti-tutional

population

179,67014,4587,3057,15219,84696,07441,44721.34220,10532.00117,93714,06422,62611,74510,88122,09711,22710.87027,1969,39317,803

85,3437,2423,7253.5179,633

46.87820,37210,4759,89715,5738,7326,84110,9335,6955,23810,3915,3475.04411,1994,2396,960

94,3277.2163.5813.63510,21249,19621,07510,86710,20816,4289,2057,22311,6936,0505,643

11,7065,8805,826

15,9975,15410,843


Total

115,4316,9822.6574,32515,24878.42434,09417,57716,51726,68015,01411,66617,6519,5318,12011,8327,2264,6062,9441,7601,184

64,2943,5601.3282,2328,072

43,90119,2129,8559,35814,7618.3156.4479,9285,2904,6386,9634,2442,7191,7971,081716

51,1373,4221,3292,0937,176

34,52314,8817,7227,15911.9186.6995,2197,7234,2413,4824,8702.9821,8871,147679468

Percentof

population

64.248.336.460.576.881.682.382.482.283.483.782.978.081.174.653.564.442.410.818.76.7

75.349.235.763.583.893.694.394.194.694.895.294.290.892.988.567.079.453.916.025.510.3

54.247.437.157.670.370.270.671.170.172.572.872.366.170.161.741.650.732.47.213.24.3

Employed

106,9595,6482,0953,55313,48773,68731.68116.22615,45525.28114.17311,10816.7258,9977,726

11,2876,8734,4142,8491,7021,148

59,4842.8391.0251,8147,090

41,18517,8489,0898,75913,9287,8116,1179,4095,0134,3956,6274,0202,6071,7431,050693

47,4752,8091,0701.7396,397

32,50213,8337,1376,69611,3536,3624,9917,3163,9843,3314,6602,8531,8071.107652455

Unemployed

Number

8,4721,334562772

1,7614,7372,4121,3501,0621,399841558926533393545353192945736

4,810721303418982

2,7161,364765599834504330519276242336224112543123

3,663613260354779

2,0201,04858546356533722840725715121013080402613

Percentof

laborforce

7.319.121.217.811.66.07.17.76.45.25.64.85.25.64.84.64.94.23.23.23.0

7.520.222.818.712.26.27.17.86.45.66.15.15.25.25.24.85.34.13.02.93.3

7.217.919.516.910.95.97.07.66.54.75.04.45.36.14.34.34.44.23.53.92.9

Not in labor force

Total

64,2397,4754.6482,8274,59717,6497,3533,7653,5885,3212,9232,3984,9752,2142,76110,2654,0016,264

24,2537,63416,619

21,0493,6822,3971,2851,5612,9751,160620539811417394

1,005405600

3,4281,1042,3259,4023,1586,244

43,1903,7932,2511,5423.03614,6746,1943,1453,0494,5102,5062,0043,9701,8092,1616,8362,8973,939

14,8504,47610,375

Keepinghouse

30,388474118356

1,80212,8215,3562,6512,7043,9382,1961,7353,5281,6251,9025,5002.4563,0439,7913,2396,552

46812932119267343263392463362681295216350113

29,920462109353

1,78212,6295,2892,6172,6723,8752,1641,7113,4651,5891,8765,4192,4272,9929,6283,1896,439

Goingto

school

9,3586,4194,3522,0671,8531,040728476253251163886140212416821715

4,7863,3572,2901,067982429335233102735221211471055827

4.5723.0622,0621,00087261139424315117811167402614141131358

Unableto

work

2,730203177990020595109276115162419169249648306342

1,084240844

1,5551411353644139637620088113304120184422201220422130292

1.175524262566532337627491144965226104122662110552

Otherreasons

21,762562176387862

2,8881,065542522856444413967379589

4,0931,2232,87013,3574,1489,209

14,24029997202506

1,710619289329475239236617235382

2,916868

2,0488,8092,9765,833

7,52326378185356

1,178446253193381205177351144207

1,177355823

4,5481,1723,376

TOTAL

16 years and over16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years18 to 19 years


25 to 34 years25 to 29 years30 to 34 years




65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over

Men









Women









15



A-4. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

January 1986


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

TotalKeepinghouse

Goingto

school

Unableto

work

Otherreasons

WHITE








65 years and over....65 to 69 years70 years and over .

Men









Women









154,78411,8655,9785,887

16,62282,18235,08416,00317,08127,59515,42712,16819,50310,0919,412

19,5659,877

24,5518,423

16,127

74,0625,9633,0532,9108,137

40,59617,4588,9518,507

13,6037,6215,9829,5354,9524,5839,2404,7174,523

10,1273,8206,307

80,7225,9022,9252,9778,485

41,58617,6269,0528,574

13,9927,8066,1869,9685,1394,829

10,3255,1615,164

14,4244,6039,820

99,8856,0652,3323,734

13,06967,53629,10714,99414,11223,09112,95810,13315,3388,2457,093

10,5476,3914,1562,6671,5901,076

56,3073,0931,1701,9226,923

38,36816,6358,5018,134

12,9917,3055,6868,7424,6464,0956,2753,7982,4771,648

982665

43,5782,9731,1611,8116,146

29,16812,4716,4935,978

10,1005,6534,4476,5963,5992,9984,2722,5931,6791,019

608411

64.551.139.063.478.682.283.083.382.683.784.083.378.681.775.453.964.742.910.918.96.7

76.051.938.366.185.194.595.395.095.695.595.895.191.793.889.467.980.554.816.325.710.5

54.050.439.760.872.470.170.871.769.772.272.471.966.270.062.141.450.332.5

7.113.24.2

93,4215,0801,9093,171

11,76863,90827,30313,99413,31021,98612,2949,692

14,6207,8306,790

10,0766,0923,9832,5891,5471,042

52,5832,557

9371,6206,170

36,27015,6147,9357,679

12,317

5,4188,3404,4303,9115,9853,6062,3791,601959642

40,8382,523972

1,5515,59827,63811,6906,0595,6319,6695,3954,2746,2803,4002,8794,0912,4871,605987588400

6,464985423562

1,3023,6271,8031,001802

1,105663442718415304471299172784434

3,723536234302753

2,0981,02256645567440626940221718529019298462323

2,740450189260549

1,52978243534743125717331719811918110774322111

6.516.218.115.110.05.46.26.75.74.88.24.44.75.05.94.54.74.12.92.83.2

6.617.320.015.710.95.56.16.75.65.25.64.74.64.74.54.65.14.02.82.43.5

6.315.116.314.48.95.26.36.75.84.34.63.94.85.54.04.24.14.43.13.42.8

54,8995,7993,6462,1533,55214,6465,9773,0092,9684,5042,4702,0344,1641,8452,3189,0183,4865,532

21,8846,83315,051

17,7552,8701,883987

1,2142,227822450372612317295793305487

2,965919

2,0468,4792,8385,642

37,1442,9291,7631,1662,33912,4195,1552,5592,5963,8922,1531,7393,3721,5401,8316,0522,5673,48513,4053,9959,409

26,689386100286

1,43410,9994,5522,2012,3513,4381,9351,5223,0091,3811,6584,9262,1972,7288,9452,9206,025

36896312142492424452619482820571839

14945104

26,32137794283

1,42310,8574,5032,1772,3273,3931,8911,5012,9611,3651,5964,8692,1792,6898,7962,8755,921

7,1864,9833,4101,5731,407761523352171196122744228141710618512

3,6952,6191,8028177762922291686150351513944134

3,4912,3641,60875663246929418411014687592919101393135

2,0921731464

857146668120892117304112192488237251866176

1,1891119

4346210345591436777

2167713933016616434497247

903625

21195432122642540883553158728752379

18,931413134279647

2,228757391366663340324810311498

3,5871,0412,54712,0553,7328,323

12,50323274158383

1,331442213229373189185516190326

2,575734

1,8417,9822,6955,287

6,42918260122264897315178137289151139294121172

1,013307706

4,0731,0373,036

16



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

January 1986


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

TotalKeepinghouse

Goingto

school

Unableto

work

Otherreasons

BLACK









Men









Women









19,8372,1401,0831,0572,64210,7084,9752,6232,3533,3381,9111,4272,3951,2541,1412,0701,093978

2,276827

1,449

8,8851,049543506

1,2024,7882,2391,1831,0571,485850635

1,064557507929494436916358558

10,9521,091540551

1,4405,9202,7361,4401,2961,8531,061792

1,331697634

1,141599542

1,360469891

12,296773276497

1,8128,4423,9672,0621,9062,7281,5881,1411,746965781

1,04666837822313390

6,209390131259948

4,2011,9981,065933

1,3217665558824774055493462021217744

6,087383145238864

4,2411,970997973

1,4078225868644883764973221751025646

62.036.125.547.068.678.879.778.681.081.783.180.072.977.068.450.561.238.6

9.816.16.2

69.937.224.151.178.987.789.290.188.388.990.187.482.985.679.959.070.146.413.221.67.9

55.635.126.843.260.071.672.069.375.076.077.574.064.970.159.243.653.832.3

7.511.95.2

10,531454149305

1,3927,4913,4341,7561,6782,4641,4251,0391,59388470998762336320812088

5,26422570155741

3,6751,698894804

1,1806795017984373605093181911137044

5,26722979150651

3,8161,736862874

1,284746538795447349477305172945044

1,765319127192420951534306227265163102153817259451415132

945165611042065253001711291418755843945402812

820154668821342623413598123764769422720173862

14.441.346.138.623.211.313.514.811.99.710.38.98.88.49.25.76.73.86.99.82.2

15.242.446.940.021.812.515.016.113.810.711.39.89.68.211.17.28.15.76.49.7

13.540.245.337.124.710.011.913.610.18.89.28.17.98.67.14.05.31.67.5O1

7,5421,368807560830

2,2671,008561448610323286649288361

1,024424600

2,053695

1,358

2,678659412248254588242118124164848018280102381147233795281514

4,864708395313576

1,679766443324445239206467208259644277367

1,258414844

2,904741559

3181,317572329243340176165405181224465211254730268463

752119

379451395158714681359

2,829721458

3091,280563325238327167160390173217451204246717263454

1,6611,15875740131818112975534332119552

22

80759339120213674543221191361

12

22

85456536619918210775433224195854

5753

314

2155631266321429643531425885

20161141

3333

39

158341916511932733142863353773344

242

557221210122102312115625321242897

2,400133359818055325112512616395691396179

415156259

1,119367754

1,4596120411003181456283804437934252

278108170702243460

94072155780

23510663438351324619271374889417124294

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

17



A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex


Age and sex

January 1986


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

Total AgricultureNonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

TOTAL








65 years and over ....65 to 69 years70 years and over...

Men






45 to 54 years45 to 49 years ....50 to 54 years ....


65 years and over ...65 to 69 years70 years and over.

Women








65 years and over ...65 to 69 years70 years and over.

24,8862,5931,3281,2663,22413,8926,3633,3393,0244,4062,5091,8963,1231,6541,4692,5321,3501,1822,645970

1,675

11,2811,279672607

1,4976,2822,9141,5241,3901,9701,110859

1,398743655

1,151631520

1,072419653

13,6051,314656658

1,7277,6103,4491,8151,6342,4361,3991,0371,725911814

1,381719662

1,573551

1,022

15,546917326591

2,17910,8884,9872,5831,2953,5882,0561,5332,3131,2851,0261,285835450277169108

7,987467158310

1,1495,5332,5771,3541,2231,7701,010761

1,1866435426884462421499951

7,559450168282

1,0305,3552,4101,2291,1811,8181,046772

1,1276424845973892081277057

62.535.424.546.767.678.478.477.442.881.481.980.974.077.769.850.861.938.110.517.46.4

70.836.523.551.076.888.188.488.888.089.990.988.584.886.682.859.870.746.513.923.67.7

55.634.225.642.859.670.469.967.772.374.674.874.465.370.659.543.254.131.48.112.85.6

13,538568186382

1,7209,7784,3782,2332,1453,2951,8791,4162,1051,168937

1,211781431261156105

6,90128288194920

4,9142,2351,1551,0801,611912699

1,0695844856434152281419150

6,63728698188799

4,8642,1431,0781,0651,684967717

1,0365844525683662021206555

16311119

104371918332211331816301515936

1431

1189030151529217

311615251115936

20

114743414321541

13,375567186381

1,7019,6764,3412,2152,1273,2621,8571,4052,0721,150922

1,18176641625215399

6,75828188193903

4,8252,2051,1401,0651,582891692

1,0385684706174042141328844

6,61728698188798

4,8512,1371,0751,0621,680966713

1,0345824525643622021206555

2,008349139209459

1,11160934926029317711720811890745420161411

1,086185691162296193421991431599862117605845311488

9221647094

231492267150117134795591583229236862

12.938.042.835.421.110.212.213.520.18.28.67.69.09.28.85.86.54.45.78.310.2

13.639.643.937.419.911.213.314.711.79.09.78.19.99.310.66.67.05.85.58.0

12.236.441.733.222.49.211.112.29.97.47.67.18.09.16.64.85.92.76.08.1

9,3401,6761,002674

1,0453,0041,376756620818453365810368443

1,247515732

2,369800

1,568

3,29481251429834774933717016719910099

212100113463185278923320603

6,046864488376697

2,2551,039586453618353266598268330784330454

1,446480965


18



A-6. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutional population by race, sex, and age


Employment status andrace

Total

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Men, 20 years andover

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women, 20 years andover

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Both sexes, 16 to 19years

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force

Percent of populationEmployed

AgricultureNonagricultural industries

UnemployedUnemployment rate

Not in labor force

White





Not in labor force

Black





Not in labor force

177,384113,475

64.0104,344

2,830101,514

9,1318.0

63,909

153,10398,333

64.291,2902,593

88,6977,044

7.254,769

19,51812,062

61.810,255

18310,0721,807

15.07,456

179,670115,431

64.2106,959

2,819104,140

8,4727.3

64,239

154,78499,885

64.593,4212,657

90,7646,464

6.554,899

19,83712,296

62.010,531

11910,412

1,76514.4

7,542

76,76059,574

77.655,1832,173

53,0104,391

7.417,186

67,06752,332

78.048,862

1,96146,901

3,4706.6

14,736

7,6595,63873.6

4,864169

4,69577413.7

2,020

78,10160,734

77.856,6452,119

54,5264,089

6.717,367

68,09953,214

78.150,027

1,97748,050

3,1886.0

14,885

7,8365,819

74.35,039

1094,931

77913.4

2,018

86,01546,625

54.243,322

47642,846

3,3037.1

39,390

74,04139,ooo

53.637,178

46436,715

2,4876.3

34,376

9,6825,65058.4

4,9326

4,92671812.7

4,033

87,11247,715

54.844,666

55944,107

3,0496.4

39,397

74,82040,606

54.338,315

53937,775

2,2915.6

34,214

9,8615,704

57.85,038

95,028

66611.7

4,156

14,6107,27749.6

5,840181

5,6591,437

19.77,333

11,9946,336

52.85,250

1685,0811,08617.1

5,658

2,17777435.6458

745231540.8

1,403

14,4586,98248.3

5,648142

5,5061,33419.1

7,475

11,8656,065

51.15,080

1414,939

98516.2

5,799

2,14077336.1454

145331941.3

1,368

19



A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years ofschool completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin


Employment status, years of schoolcompleted, race, and Hispanic origin

January 1986


population



Employed

TotalFull

time1Part

time1

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL ENROLLED

Total, 16 to 24 years .16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time students ...Part-time students...

Men, 16 to 24 years ..16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time students..Part-time students .

Women, 16 to 24 years .16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time students..Part-time students .

White


MenWomen.

High schoolCollege

Full-time students ..Part-time students..

Black


MenWomen.

High schoolCollege

Full-time students .Part-time students.

Hispanic origin


MenWomen.

High schoolCollege

Full-time students .Part-time students.

15,32310,8204,503

8,1177,2066,245

962

7,7925,4852,306

4,2593,5333,098

435

7,5315,3342,197

3,8583,6733,147

526

12,5838.8583,725

6,4356,148

6,5136,0705,246

824

2,1211,577

544

1,0411,080

1,313808705103

1,162865296

630531

75141134368

6,8604,3122,549

2,9583,9023,040

863

3,3712,0861,285

1,5051,8651,463

402

3,4902,2251,264

1,4532,0371,576

461

5,9903,7772,213

2,9563,034

2,5703,4202,672

748

663430233

315348

325338257

81

381217163

227154

16321816257

44.839.956.6

36.454.248.789.7

43.338.055.7

35.352.847.292.3

46.341.757.5

37.755.550.187.5

47.642.659.4

45.949.3

39.556.450.990.8

31.227.242.8

30.332.2

24.741.836.578.2

32.825.155.1

36.128.9

21.753.147.1

6,0043,6342,370

2,4173,5872,777

810

2,9151,7291,186

1,2091,7061,324

381

3,0891,9051,184

1,2081,8811,453

429

5,3743,2872,087

2,6112,763

2,1833,1912,480

711

448263185

222227

187261195

305156149

182123

11419113853

1,167337830

1101,056

514542

622167455

70552289264

544170375

41504225279

1,029302726

550478

931455476

1022775

5646

12914645

4,8373,2971,540

2,3072,5312,263

268

2,2931,562

730

1,1401,1531,035

118

2,5451,735

1,1671,3781,228

150

4,3452,9841,361

2,0602,285

2,0852,2602,025

235

346236110

166180

17617015021

21613284

13086

117103

14

857678179

541316263

53

456357

99

29616013921

401321

80

24515612432

616490126

346271

38723019237

21416648

93121

137776215

915041

38533320

452224

16291712

462917

2224168

603624

3228

27331518

271215

1017

918162

1183

101

92

766627139

503262230

33

411335

75

280131122

9

35529263

22313210824

556454102

313243

359197177

18715433

84104

129594613

655412

3630

402624

2

12.515.77.0

18.38.18.66.1

13.517.17.7

19.78.69.55.1

11.514.46.3

16.97.67.87.0

10.313.05.7

11.78.9

15.06.77.25.0

32.338.720.5

29.634.8

42.322.824.018.8

20.028.3

8.9

20.020.0

29.812.714.7

See footnotes at end of table.

20



A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years ofschool completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued


Employment status, years of schoolcompleted, race, and Hispanic origin

January 1986


population



Employed

TotalFull

time1Part

time1

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED

Total, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school4 years of high school1 to 3 years of college4 years of college or more

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


White


MenWomen


Black


MenWomen


Hispanic origin


MenWomen


18,9803,638

15,342

4,40710,0173,0871,470

9,0841,7577,327

2,2954,7881,371

629

9,8971,8818,015

2,1115,2291,716

841

15,9043,007

12,897

7,6658,239

3,5738,4012,5931,337

2,661563

2,098

1,2101,451

7361,426

42179

2,037434

1,604

1,0341,003

1,008748238

43

15,3672,669

12,698

2,8168,3822,7671,402

8,2601,4736,787

1,8954,4551,296

614

7,1071,1965,911

9213,9261,472

788

13,1422,287

10,855

7,0586,084

2,3767,1252,3511,290

1,921343

1,579

1,022

3891,111

35467

1,443260

1,183

900543

64256419840

81.073.482.8

63.983.789.795.4

90.983.992.6

82.693.094.597.6

71.863.673.8

43.675.185.893.7

82.676.184.2

92.173.8

66.584.890.796.6

72.260.975.3

84.562.0

52.977.984.185.6

70.859.973.8

87.054.1

63.775.483.0

13,1282,012

11,116

2,0837,2222,4991,325

7,0121,1095,903

1,4183,8301,189

574

6,117904

5,213

6643,3911,310

750

11,4711,7929,679

6,1135,357

1,8156,2952,1411,220

1,397190

1,207

744653

22680730164

1,180175

1,004

746434

50147616240

11,1251,4999,625

1,6356,0462,2041,241

6,232887

5,345

1,1873,4431,065536

4,893613

4,280

4482,6031,138704

9,7831,3658,418

5,4814,301

1,4385,3061,8931,146

1,120114

1,006

614506

163638264

55

1,018143875

657361

42941813436

2,003513

1,491

4481,176

29684

780222558

23138712438

1,224291933

21778917246

1,688427

1,261

6321,056

377988248

74

27776

201

131147

6216938

9

16232

129

8972

725828

4

2,239657

1,582

7341,160

26877

1,248364884

47762510739

991292698

25753516137

1,671495

1,176

944727

561830210

70

524153372

278246

16330453

4

26384

179

154109

1418836

2,059588

1,471

1,071243

75

1,189340849

452601

9937

870248621

21847014338

1,539452

1,087

903637

51876319068

478128350

262216

142284

474

24877

171

148100

1338135

18069

112

6489252

592535

2524

73

1214477

396518

13243

4290

436720

2

472522

1630

21206

157

14.624.612.5

26.013.89.75.5

15.124.713.0

25.214.08.26.4

13.924.411.8

27.913.611.04.8

12.721.710.8

13.411.9

23.611.68.95.4

27.344.523.6

27.227.4

42.027.415.0

18.332.515.1

17.120.1

21.915.518.0

1 Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time aredistributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not

enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origingroups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are notpresented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black populationgroups.

21



A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted


Veteran statusand age

Civiliannoninstitutional

population

Jan.1985

Jan.1986


Total

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Employed

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemployed

Number

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Percent oflabor force

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS

Total, 30 years and over30 to 44 years


45 years and over

NONVETERANS

Total, 30 to 44 years30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years

7,5656,5091,5063,3981,6051,056

16,7917,7404,7744,277

7,6886,4211,2733,1581,9901,267

17,9148,2525,4654,197

7,0906,2721,4543,2861,532

818

15,9037,3504,5244,029

7,1406,1421,2103,0421,890

16,9117,8015,1693,941

6,6505,8751,3243,0991,452

775

14,9036,8284,2723,803

6,7205,7731,1102,8391,824

947

15,9187,3334,8753,710

4403971301878043

1,000522252226

4203691002036651

993468294231

6.26.38.95.75.25.3

6.37.15.65.6

5.96.08.36.73.55.1

5.96.05.75.9

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in theArmed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveteransare men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published dataare limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closelycorresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data

for 25- to 29-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this tablebecause the group is rapidly disppearing (into the 30-34 age category)and the numbers remaining for some labor force categories are notlarge enough to warrant their continued publication.

22



A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race

(In thousands)

Sex, age, and race

January 1986

Employed

Full time

TotalFull-time

schedules1

Part time foreconomicreasons,

usually workfull time

Part time

Total Voluntary1

Part time foreconomicreasons,

usually workpart time

Unemployed

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years



25 to 54 years55 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



White







Black







88,0151,836163

1,67586,17810,45875,72064,97510,746

53,3601,054

52,3065,803

46,50239,4967,006

34,655782

33,8734,654

29,21825,4793,738

47,268958

46,3105,077

41,23434,9096,325

29,341710

28,6314,070

24,56121,2703,291

4,63778

4,559592

3,9683,430538

4,26363

4,202490

3,7123,330382

86,1811,733146

1,58884,44710,16774,28063,76010,521

52,182984

51,1975,613

45,58438,7526,832

33,999749

33,2504,554

28,69625,0083,687

46,267892

45,3754,922

40,45434,2766,178

28,815686

28,1293,987

24,14220,8963,246

4,48575

4,410557

3,8543,342512

4,15454

4,101472

3,6293,253376

1,8341031787

1,731291

1,4401,215225

1,17870

1,109190918744174

65633

62310052247151

1,00166935155780633147

526245028341937445

1523

149351148826

1099

1011883776

18,9443,8121,9331,879

15,1333,029

12,1048,7133,391

6,1241,7854,3391,2883,0521,6891,363

12,8202,026

10,7931,7429,0517,0232,028

5,3151,5993,7161,0942,6231,3621,261

11,4971,8139,6841,5288,1576,3681,788

62714648114933024585

1,003166837161675484190

15,1853,4461,8761,570

11,7392,2179,5226,5452,977

4,6901,6183,071

9232,149

9311,218

10,4951,8278,6671,2957,3735,6141,759

4,1821,4662,716

8021,915

7841,131

9,5961,6567,9401,1606,7815,2051,575

379117262901719873

64512951688

427283144

3,75936657

3093,394812

2,5822,168414

1,434167

1,268365903758145

2,325199

2,126447

1,6781,409269

1,133133

1,000292708578130

1,901157

1,744368

1,3761,163213

24829

2195915914712

358373217324820146

6,943638116522

6,3051,5114,7944,306488

4,193361

3,832872

2,9592,630329

2,750277

2,473639

1,8341,676158

3,252275

2,977660

2,3182,035283

2,046213

1,833451

1,3811,243138

8247974519255351340

6286156717239437915

1,529696446250833250582430152

6173602571101478660

91233657614043634492

472261211941176354

23645897

36028575

12086341420137

193939941584711

1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according

to whether they usually work full or part time.23



A-10. Employment status of persons In families by family relationship


Family relationship

January 1986


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

EmployedNumber

Unemployed

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

TotalKeepinghouse

Goingto

school

Unableto

work

Otherreasons

Total, 16 years and over1

HusbandsWith employed wifeWith unemployed wifeWith wife not in labor force

WivesWith employed husbandWith unemployed husbandWith husband not in labor force

Relatives in married-couple families16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

Women who maintain families

Relatives in families maintained by women16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

Men who maintain families

Relatives in families maintained by men ....16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

94,491

39,32623,723

1,29014,313

27,34323,810

1,2022,331

12,7684,5685,0193,180

6,268

5,2391,2731,6102,355

2,009

1,538260473805

64.6

78.391.590.562.6

54.563.662.921.4

60.548.074.965.3

60.9

57.443.671.659.5

77.7

58.246.078.054.6

87,450

37,41522,7281,08213,605

25,91922,728

9952,196

11,1203,8814,4102,829

5,625

4,210882

1,2752,053

1,831

1,329191418720

7,041

1,910995207708

1,4251,082207135

1,647687609351

643

1,029392335302

179

209695585

7.5

4.94.216.14.9

5.24.517.25.8

12.915.012.111.0

10.3

19.630.820.812.8

8.9

13.626.411.710.6

51,685

10,8912,196135

8,561

22,87413,605

7088,561

8,3194,9491,6821,688

4,029

3,8871,645640

1,602

578

1,107304134669

24,769

183871

94

19,65512,522

6166,517

736119147470

2,925

82665149612

37

4072745335

8,607

174856

83

3392653934

5,7984,4991,155144

181

1,7841,41529574

25

3062424420

2,017

86328935539

308929

207

2691333223

148

2895

22262

78

62

755

16,292

9,6721,734

947,844

2,57272644

1,802

1,515318348849

775

989161173655

437

3313637

258

1 Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons inmarried-couple families where the husband or wife is in the ArmedForces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.

NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital statusestimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differencesin definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

24



A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex

Marital status, race, and age

Men

Thousands ofpersons

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemploymentrates

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women

Thousands ofpersons

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemploymentrates

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Total, 16 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 16 years and over....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Total, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 25 years and over....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 25 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

5,2052,184

6442,378

4,0901,839

4691,782

955266153537

3,3041,968

595742

2,6411,659

430553

546241143162

4,8102,090

5922,128

3,7231,750

4451,529

945276122546

3,1071,872

564670

2,4341,568

417448

573249123201

8.25.3

10.814.5

7.45.09.6

12.9

15.88.9

16.225.5

6.45.1

10.410.9

5.84.79.29.8

11.68.5

15.816.9

7.55.19.2

12.7

6.64.78.3

10.9

15.29.0

13.124.6

5.94.89.19.0

5.34.58.27.4

11.88.6

13.319.0

3,9261,674

8711,381

2,9541,412

639904

852198209444

2,4991,338

774388

1,9231,141

566216

507150187171

3,6631,523

7771,363

2,7401,279

588874

820189171460

2,2701,228

709334

1,7421,027

530186

453155162136

7.86.18.9

10.8

6.95.88.18.6

14.18.8

12.121.7

6.45.48.37.6

5.85.27.65.5

10.77.3

11.116.7

7.25.47.6

10.8

6.35.17.28.5

13.58.39.6

22.7

5.64.87.36.5

5.14.56.84.7

9.47.59.3

13.2

25



A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex

Occupation

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Jan.1985

9,131

673331342

1,831122111933

1,4115476

1,281

1,289287719283

2,5291,107

544878263615

456

881559220102

Jan.1986

8,472

609323286

1,649112706831

1,42975

1041,251

1,175247619310

2,361998521842228613

318

863564198101

Unemployment rates

Total

Jan.1985

8.0

2.62.72.5

5.33.55.95.2

9.04.94.3

10.0

9.26.2

14.06.6

13.412.411.117.233.114.3

13.4

--_

Jan.1986

7.3

2.32.52.0

4.73.35.34.5

9.07.25.59.6

8.35.5

11.87.1

12.311.310.615.627.413.5

9.7

_-

Men

Jan.1985

8.2

2.42.42.5

4.43.54.25.2

8.7O4.3

10.2

8.86.2

13.45.5

13.011.011.417.031.913.8

12.6

_---

Jan.1986

7.5

2.02.21.8

3.73.13.24.9

8.6O5.39.8

8.15.5

11.66.0

12.310.510.715.827.613.3

9.8

--

i

Women

Jan.1985

7.8

2.83.22.6

5.83.57.75.2

9.24.64.59.8

12.97.0

40.710.6

14.414.38.0

18.5O16.8

17.8

_---

Jan.1986

7.2

2.63.12.2

5.33.67.54.5

9.37.47.29.5

11.04.8

19.710.9

12.612.49.8

14.6O14.4

9.5

-

-

Total, 16 years and over

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerialProfessional specialty

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related supportSales occupationsAdministrative support, including clerical

Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Construction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing

No previous work experience16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

26



A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex

Industry

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemployment rates

Total

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Men

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women

Jan.1985

Jan.1986


Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

MiningConstruction ,

ManufacturingDurable goods

Lumber and wood products ,Funiture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries ,Fabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ,Transportation equipment

AutomobilesOther transportation equipment

Professional and photographic equipmentOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics products ,Other nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportationCommunications and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesOther service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workersGovernment, self-employed, and unpaid family workersNo previous work experience

9,131

6,941

1091,011

1,8671,067

1025089

115143163171150100502556

8002441151283996695851

37128883

1,843258

1,585266

1,474536938

362947881

8,472

6,536

1211,023

1,7311,024

107495985

14916819312983462364

70720569

1405785

37

317246

711,723

2221,501

1761,445

506939

253819863

8.0

8.2

11.518.0

8.48.0

14.67.2

13.412.69.95.97.16.07.94.13.6

11.88.9

12.612.910.36.05.65.57.6

10.3

6.27.03.18.56.09.14.26.84.3

10.0

22.23.6

7.3

7.6

12.217.2

7.87.7

16.16.78.99.4

10.76.38.34.86.63.33.2

12.68.0

10.78.0

11.37.45.15.46.28.2

5.25.92.77.95.28.62.66.33.99.5

16.03.1

8.2

8.5

12.118.4

7.27.6

13.57.5

13.112.99.56.34.85.56.74.33.86.56.59.88.36.95.53.64.76.06.2

7.68.33.87.75.78.44.47.23.7

10.0

19.73.6

7.5

7.9

13.717.6

6.97.2

16.26.67.5

10.411.25.65.94.65.73.61.3

12.66.38.57.59.16.45.04.14.15.9

5.86.72.36.64.37.42.87.14.09.5

16.53.0

7.8

7.8

8.213.9

10.89.1

20.26.5

14.410.411.04.49.98.0

12.62.93.2

18.212.418.617.511.37.58.87.0

10.818.1

2.62.81.99.36.69.74.06.64.6

10.0

33.43.5

7.2

7.2

3.213.4

9.79.1

15.96.9

13.31.99.08.6

11.55.6

10.11.46.2

12.610.315.18.6

12.010.45.38.2

10.013.1

3.93.43.59.37.49.62.65.93.99.5

14.33.2

27



A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race


Reason for unemployment

Totalunemployed

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Men,20 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women,20 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Both sexes,16 to 19

years

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

White

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Black

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Total unemployedJob losers

On layoffOther job losers

Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION




UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

9,1315,0331,6523,381

9172,300

881

100.055.118.137.010.025.2

9.7

4.5.8

2.0.8

8,4724,4521,5792,8731,0412,120

861

100.052.518.633.912.325.010.2

3.9.9

1.8.7

4,3913,1471,0222,125

391735118

100.071.723.348.4

8.916.72.7

5.3.7

1.2.2

4,0892,8531,0371,816

473657105

100.069.725.344.411.616.12.6

4.7.8

1.1.2

3,3031,501

511990402

1,196204

100.045.515.530.012.236.26.2

3.2.9

2.6.4

3,0491,297

463834431

1,131191

100.042.615.227.414.137.1

6.3

2.7.9

2.4.4

1,437385119266124369560

100.026.88.3

18.58.6

25.738.9

5.31.75.17.7

1,334302

80222137332564

100.022.66.0

16.610.324.942.3

4.32.04.88.1

7,0443,9981,4512,547

7611,698

587

100.056.820.636.210.824.1

8.3

4.1.8

1.7.6

6,4643,4961,3352,161

8581,539

571

100.054.120.733.413.323.8

8.8

3.5.9

1.5

1,807899176720121532256

100.049.7

9.839.86.7

29.414.1

7.51.04.42.1

1,765836224612153526250

100.047.412.734.78.7

29.814.1

6.81.24.32.0

28



A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)

Reason, sex, and age

January 1986

Total unemployed

Thousandsof persons Percent

Duration of unemployment

Less than5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Total, 16 years and over....

Job losersOn layoffOther job losers


Men, 20 years and over



Women, 20 years and over



Both sexes, 16 to 19 years



8,472 100.0

4,4521,5792,8731,0412,120

861

4,089

2,8531,0371,816

473657105

3,049

1,297463834431

1,131191

1,334

30280

222137332564

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

43.0

36.345.531.347.651.850.5

36.2

34.143.528.743.242.524.7

47.2

38.449.932.048.055.258.2

54.2

48.845.750.061.458.652.8

30.9

34.137.732.230.326.326.1

32.7

34.640.331.430.227.423.2

28.7

32.330.233.430.925.220.0

30.5

37.646.134.628.327.828.6

26.1

29.516.936.522.221.923.3

31.1

31.316.239.926.530.152.1

24.1

29.319.834.621.119.521.8

15.3

13.68.2

15.510.313.618.4

12.8

15.011.117.011.410.110.4

13.9

14.610.417.011.212.716.1

12.6

16.613.418.412.78.87.3

10.0

11.37.8

12.57.79.5

10.3

13.2

14.65.7

19.510.811.813.0

17.2

16.75.8

23.015.417.436.0

11.5

12.86.4

16.38.3

10.714.5

5.2

2.3.4

2.92.64.18.1

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over

Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks .

5 to 10 weeks ..11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over . . . .

27 to 51 weeks52 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration in weeksMedian duration in weeks

Total

Thousands of persons

Jan.1985

9,131

3,9952,7202,008

7132,4161,0591,357

488869

15.36.6

Jan.1986

8,472

3,6452,6171,889

7282,2101,0871,122

417706

14.46.6

Percent distribution

Jan.1985

100.0

43.729.822.0

7.826.511.614.95.39.5

Jan.1986

100.0

43.030.922.38.6

26.112.813.24.98.3

Full-time workers


Jan.1985

7,467

2,9362,3131,695

6182,219

9451,274

449824

17.07.7

Jan.1986

6,943

2,7192,2511,595

6551,974

9361,038

374664

15.87.6


Jan.1985

100.0

39.331.022.78.3

29.712.717.16.0

11.0

Jan.1986

100.0

39.232.423.09.4

28.413.515.05.49.6

_

29



A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, andmarital status


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 to 26weeks

27weeks

andover

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

January 1986

Percent of unemployedin group

Unemployedless than5 weeks

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemployed15 weeksand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

White, 16 years and over ,MenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

8,4721,3341,7612,4121,399

92654594

4,810721982

1,364834519336

54

3,663613779

1,04856540721040

6,4643,7232,740

1,765945820

2,090592

2,128

1,523777

1,363

3,645723833977509351208

45

1,86538442649025217011926

1,7803394074872581818919

2,8721,4971,375

687322366

733202931

735354692

2,61740757375045626414819

1,5662303364412961549712

1,051177237309160110517

2,0331,238795

505285220

717176672

460181410

1,0871341813352041278719

63970

10820112875517

448647313477523612

791483308

256133124

31080

249

189120139

1,12270

17535022918510311

739371122321591216910

38333621187064341

767505262

316205111

329133276

139122123

14.48.212.015.416.818.919.615.1

16.58.013.517.719.722.321.9

011.78.310.112.412.714.616.0

O13.515.411.0

17.520.614.0

17.121.914.5

10.715.510.7

6.64.65.57.48.38.58.55.9

7.64.76.28.69.310.29.105.34.54.85.86.46.56.606.27.15.0

6.98.35.3

8.39.66.4

5.46.64.9

43.755.448.743.038.131.738.139.4

39.651.443.538.434.528.237.30

49.360.555.749.242.236.639.2O

45.341.550.5

38.232.344.7

36.532.344.4

49.941.353.4

43.054.247.340.536.437.938.147.4

38.853.243.435.930.232.735.4O

48.655.352.246.545.644.442.5O

44.440.250.2

38.934.044.6

35.134.143.7

48.245.550.7

26.515.620.927.432.237.233.430.9

29.118.123.829.535.539.934.1O

22.912.317.024.528.333.432.4O

24.827.121.5

33.237.828.1

31.636.524.8

23.028.619.3

26.115.320.228.431.033.734.831.9

28.714.822.431.834.337.635.8022.715.917.424.026.028.633.2O

24.126.620.8

32.435.828.6

30.636.124.7

21.531.119.2


30



A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 to 26weeks

27weeks

andover

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

January 1986

Percent of unemployedin group

Unemployedless than5 weeks

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Unemployed15 weeksand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrative supportService occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY1

AgricultureConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industriesPublic administration

No previous work experience

6091,6491,4291,1752,361318

2531,0521,7431,036707362

1,7301,899224

863

219798646464896158

13440063134528614483282779

437

20546444538078592

7441251827524412251158675

225

9621115115633336

20125276193835119724445

89

8917618717534732

25116317224944519024025

112

15.612.613.016.316.211.8

10.514.018.721.314.714.112.413.514.8

13.1

7.95.46.07.47.95.1

4.77.09.0

10.67.46.95.56.49.0

4.9

45.048.845.140.939.540.1

41.939.738.335.342.343.749.744.039.6

49.1

36.048.445.239.537.949.7

52.938.036.233.340.439.848.143.535.1

50.7

30.023.725.627.229.019.3

30.323.423.728.228.821.4

19.021.232.635.528.824.623.327.631.6

17.722.934.140.225.126.522.425.531.2

25.3 23.3

1 Includes wage and salary workers only.

31



A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used

Sex, age, and race

January 1986


Totalunem-ployed

Totaljob-

seekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Publicemploy-

mentagency

Privateemploy-

mentagency

Employerdirectly

Placedor

answeredads

Friendsor

relativesOther

Averagenumber ofmethods

used

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

White, 16 years and over...MenWomen

Black, 16 years and over ...MenWomen

8,4721,3341,7612,4121,39992654594

4,810721982

1,36483451933654

3,663613779

1,04856540721040

6,4643,7232,740

1,765945820

6,7811,2461,4561,8761,04968639375

3,65567177298259835323148

3,12657668389445133316227

5,0362,7122,324

1,529816713

26.817.329.329.532.624.924.917.3

29.119.431.632.937.623.819.9O

24.214.826.825.825.925.832.1

26.128.723.0

29.030.926.9

6.62.76.76.98.39.87.46.7

6.51.64.56.49.5

14.28.7O

6.84.09.17.46.75.46.207.16.97.4

5.45.55.2

70.978.371.869.766.369.266.461.3

72.682.073.173.865.469.164.9O

68.874.070.465.167.469.769.1O

70.972.469.2

71.675.167.6

37.928.440.142.538.737.539.724.0

34.625.538.037.737.033.735.1O

41.831.842.647.841.041.446.30

39.435.543.9

33.130.835.8

18.114.516.719.721.417.216.037.3

20.115.618.320.923.721.020.8O

15.813.214.918.318.013.29.30

17.519.914.6

19.220.018.4

5.13.04.55.26.07.17.11.3

6.11.87.05.08.09.6

10.8O

3.84.31.85.53.34.51.905.36.53.8

3.94.03.6

1.651.441.691.741.731.661.621.48

1.691.461.721.771.811.711.600

1.611.421.661.701.621.601.65O

1.661.701.62

1.621.661.58

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because

it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. Thepercent using each method will always total more than 100 becausemany jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason

Sex and reason

Total, 16 years and overJob losers1

Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants .

Men, 16 years and overJob losers1

Job leaversReentrants . . .New entrants

Women 16 years and over . .Job losers1


for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

January 1986

Thousands

Totalunem-ployed

8,4724,4521,0412,120

861

4,8103,046

550809406

3,6631,406

4911,311

455

of persons

Totaljob-

seekers

6,7812,8711,0432,012

856

3,6551,941

551759404

3,126930492

1,251453

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Publicemploy-

mentagency

26.834.124.319.722.1

29.133.927.221.922.3

24.234.620.918.521.9

Privateemploy-

mentagency

6.67.09.65.06.0

6.57.38.74.24.2

6.86.2

10.65.47.7

Employerdirectly

70.972.667.168.574.9

72.674.166.470.179.0

68.869.667.967.871.1

Placedor

answeredads

37.937.847.537.527.6

34.634.942.532.725.7

41.843.953.340.529.1

Friendsor

relatives

18.120.317.215.617.4

20.120.920.916.222.0

15.819.113.215.213.2

Other

5.15.33.56.04.2

6.16.02.99.05.0

3.83.54.14.23.5

number ofmethods

used

1.651.771.691.521.52

1.691.771.691.541.58

1.611.771.701.521.47

1 Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods usedexclude persons on layoff.

NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed becauseit does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. Thepercent using each method will always total more than 100 becausemany jobseekers use more than one method. The corrected January1985 value for unemployed male job losers is 3,398.

32



A-21. Employed civilians In agriculture and nonagricultural Industries by age and sex

(In thousands)

Industry and age

Total

Jan.1985

104,3445,8402,1353,70513,67070,80630,45724,11016,23911,3456,8124,5332,683

2,83018176105338

1,659614557487441231209212

101,5145,6592,0593,60013,33269,14829,84323,55315,75210,9056,5814,3232,470

Jan.1986

106,9595,6482,0953,55313,48773,68731,68125,28116,72511,2876,8734,4142,849

2,8191426875326

1,661725496440448236212241

104,1405,5062,0283,47813,16172,02630,95624,78516,28510,8396,6374,2022,608

Men

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

All industries16 to 19 years





65 years and over

Agriculture16 to 19 years





65 years and over

Nonagricultural industries16 to 19 years





65 years and over

58,1602,9771,0781,9007,117

39,79617,07113,4749,2516,6844,0002.6841,586

2,3311586098

2961,315

498430388383197186178

55,8292,8191,0171,8026,820

38,48016,57313,0448,8626,3023,8032,4981,408

59,4842,8391,0251,8147,090

41,18517,84813,9289,4096,6274,0202,6071,743

2,2331155164

2721,260

566376318373190183213

57,2512,724

9741,7506,818

39,92517,28213,5529,0916,2543,8302,4241,530

46,1842,8631,0571,8066,554

31,01113,38610,636

4,6612,8121,8481,097

49923167

423431161289958342334

45,6852,8401,0411,7986,512

30,66813,27010,5096,8904,6032,7781,8251,063

47,4752,8091,0701,7396,397

32,50213,83311,3537,3164,6602,8531,8071,107

58627161154

40115912012275462928

46,8892,7821,0541,7286,343

32,10113,67411,2337,1944,5842,8071,7781,079

33



A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

16 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Men

16 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

20and

yearsover

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women

16 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

20 yearsand over

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Total

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerial

Officials and administrators, public administration .Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...Management-related occupations

Professional specialtyEngineersMathematical and computer scientistsNatural scientistsHealth diagnosing occupationsHealth assessment and treating occupationsTeachers, college and universityTeachers, except college and universityLawyers and judgesOther professional specialty occupations

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related support

Health technologists and techniciansEngineering and science techniciansTechnicians, except health, engineering, and science.

Sales occupationsSupervisors and proprietorsSales representatives, finance and business services .Sales representatives, commodities, except retailSales workers, retail and personal servicesSales-related occupations

Administrative support, including clericalSupervisorsComputer equipment operatorsSecretaries, stenographers, and typistsFinancial records processingMail and message distributingOther administrative support, including clerical

Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective.

Food serviceHealth serviceCleaning and building servicePersonal service

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair.

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

Manufacturing industriesDurable goodsNondurable goods

Nonmanufacturing industriesTransportation and material moving occupations

Motor vehicle operatorsOther transportation and material moving occupations

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborersConstruction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishingFarm operators and managersOther farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .

04,344

25,31112,021

4708,3173,234

13,2901,610

506341713

1,981648

3,528689

3,272

32,6223,3261,1741,0721,080

12,3883,3091,9681,5125,543

5616,908

710808

4,8572,440

7737,320

14,2771,0331,682

11,5614,9021,7612,8592,040

12,7704,3454,4293,996

16,417,8376,5673,72;2,8451,2704,3593,1851,1734,21

5303,686

2,9531,3391,614

06,959

26,39612,444

5408,6153,28813,9521,778579357718

2,063656

3,691620

3,490

33,4153,2571,1051,1191,03312,6973,4622,1641,4535,536

8i17,461

717826

4,8982,56;847

7,611

14,476967

1,78311,7264,9921,8292,7972,107

12,9364,2654,6344,036

16,7777,8316,673,7202,951,1544,3993,3111,0884,547605

3,94;

2,9601,3151,645

58,160

14,6347,847306

5,7301,8116,7871,497369267619267427967566

1,808

11,4891,716198834683

6,3732,2251,2021,2741,654

193,400329242120207525

1,978

5,56542

1,4654,0591,833163

1,709353

11,7204,2164,3643,140

12,22;4,6893,8352,5611,274854

3,96;2,8391,1243,571524

3,047

2,5301,1791,35;

59,484

14,9897,988347

5,8851,7567,0011,662362289603300422961524

1,878

12,0361,747188903656

6,7272,4171,2601,2351,789

263,56229128211025854;

2,079

5,78030

1,5714,1801,879

1691,722

409

11,8274,1144,5323,181

12,3744,6123,8972,5841,313

7153,9832,9321,0513,779

5773,20

2,4781,1231,354

55,183

14,5697,819304

5,7101,8046,7501,494369266619268425958566

1,784

10,9771,693198821675

6,0342,2081,1941,2631,350

193,250329236116192504

1,874

4,67526

1,4293,2201,215

1521,538

315

11,3944,1054,2233,066

11,2144,5043,6992,4721,226

8063,8362,7321,1042,874

4612,414

2,3541,1701,184

56,645

14,9057,958347

5,8601,7506,9471,662362289603296419953524

1,840

11,5081,725185891650

6,3882,3911,2471,2311,495

253,395292271104255519

1,954

4,98122

1,5563,4031,318

1551,554

375

11,5604,0264,3993,134

11,3564,4363,7682,5081,260

6683,8532,8131,0403,067

5092,558

2,3351,1131,222

46,184

10,6774,173164

2,5861,4236,5031131377595

1,714222

2,561124

1,464

21,1331,611976238397

6,0151,084766238

3,88937

13,508381565

4,7382,233248

5,342

8,712991218

7,5033,0681,5981,1491,687

1,05012865857

4,1913,1482,7311,1611,570417397347506467

639

42;160262

47,475

11,4074,456193

2,7301,5336,95111721767115

1,763234

2,73096

1,612

21,3791,509917216376

5,9711,045905218

3,74755

13,899426544

4,7892,304305

5,531

8,696938212

7,5463,1121,6601,0761,698

1,109151102855

4,4033,2192,7801,1361,6444394163803676827741

482192291

43,322

10,5964,138162

2,5571,4196,4581131367594

1,715218

2,540124

1,443

19,5891,590969225396

5,1371,064756230

3,05037

12,863381524

4,5362,173231

5,017

7,707837205

6,6662,4831,5101,0901,583

1,02012861832

4,0133,0472,6551,1281,527393375326495918

583

396160236

44,666

11,3164,424193

2,7041,5276,89211721767111

1,758231

2,70896

1,587

19,8601,491909213368

5,1141,030886217

2,92854

13,255423515

4,5952,251292

5,179

7,701773205

6,7232,5481,5511,0291,595

1,083149100835

4,2503,1452,7291,1231,6064154053693670028672

456192265

34



A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex

(Percent distribution)

Occupation and race

Total

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Men

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

Women

Jan.1985

Jan.1986

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)Percent




Precision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers


White








Black








104,344100.0

24.311.512.731.3

3.211.916.213.7

1.01.6

11.112.215.77.54.24.02.8

91,290100.0

25.412.213.231.9

3.212.516.212.3

.71.5

10.112.714.87.14.03.82.9

10,255100.0

14.15.78.4

26.12.56.9

16.724.5

3.22.6

18.78.7

24.411.06.47.02.3

106,959100.0

24.711.613.031.2

3.011.916.313.5

.91.7

11.012.115.77.34.14.32.8

93,421100.0

25.712.213.431.83.0

12.516.312.3

.71.6

10.012.514.86.94.03.92.9

10,531100.0

15.16.48.7

26.62.96.6

17.123.22.42.4

18.49.4

24.010.65.97.51.8

58,160100.0

25.213.511.719.83.0

11.05.89.6

.12.57.0

20.221.08.16.86.14.4

51,540100.0

26.414.212.220.1

3.011.65.58.5

.12.46.1

20.919.77.76.45.64.3

5,087100.0

11.56.25.2

14.81.94.68.3

18.3.1

4.114.015.135.811.511.912.44.5

59,484100.0

25.213.411.820.22.9

11.36.09.7

.12.67.0

19.920.8

7.86.76.44.2

52,583100.0

26.314.212.120.62.9

12.05.78.7

02.56.2

20.419.67.56.45.84.3

5,264100.0

12.26.16.1

16.32.64.98.9

18.2.1

4.214.016.233.810.510.612.73.3

46,184100.0

23.19.0

14.145.8

3.513.029.218.92.1

.516.22.39.16.8

.91.4.9

39,749100.0

24.09.5

14.547.1

3.513.630.017.31.6.4

15.22.28.46.2

.81.41.0

5,168100.0

16.75.2

11.537.23.29.1

25.030.66.21.0

23.32.4

13.110.41.11.6.1

47,475100.0

24.09.4

14.645.0

3.212.629.318.32.0

.415.92.39.36.8

.91.61.0

40,838100.0

24.99.8

15.146.3

3.213.130.016.9

1.6.4

14.92.28.66.2

.91.51.1

5,267100.0

18.06.7

11.336.93.18.4

25.428.14.7

.722.82.6

14.110.6

1.12.4

.2

Less than 0.05 percent.

35



A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker

(In thousands)

Age and sex

January 1986

Total

96,3275,4391,9983,441

12,82229,04422,54914,7049,6855,9543,7312,085

52,1192,674

9501,7246,599

16,05212,1168,0775,4313,3432,0881,171

44,2082,7651,0481,7176,223

12,99210,4336,6274,2542,6121,643

914

Nonagricultural industries

Wage and salary workers

Privatehouseholdworkers

1,13419412173

1271871651641758985

121

9725169

1819989728

1,03616910564

1091681561551668283

113

Government

16,434308

79229

1,1344,3934,8213,2812,1081,334

774388

8,06214228

114529

2,1592,2921,6521,063

674389225

8,37316651

115605

2,2352,5291,6291,045

660385163

Other

78,7594,9361,7983,138

11,56024,46317,56211,2597,4024,5302,8721,576

43,9602,507

9061,6016,052

13,8749,8146,4164,3592,6621,697

938

34,7992,429

8921,5385,509

10,5907,7484,8433,0431,8691,174

638

Self-employedworkers

7,555562531

3161,8622,1601,5331,121

664457508

5,101432023

2151,2171,4351,014

820487334356

2,4551358

101644726519300177123152

Unpaidfamily

workers

2571147

2351764833191415

317344

131

-3123

226413

1937754930181213

Agriculture

Wage andsalary

workers

1,3251115457

266425218166102505238

1,036884246

21432717012283384532

28923121151974843191377

Self-employedworkers

1,37411

11052

278258253321166154201

1,16211

11052

235205193285149136180

213---

143536036171921

1 Innoirlunpaidfamily

workers

120201288

232121262061

36168864135321

8454

-2

19191920164

-

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years


65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




65 years and over

36



A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation

(In thousands)

Industry

January 1986

Totalem-

ployed

Managerial andprofessional

specialty

Executive,adminis-trative,

andmana-gerial

Profes-sional

specialty

Technical, sales, andadministrative

support

Techni-ciansand

relatedsupport

Sales

Adminis-trative

support,includingclerical

Serviceoccupations

Privatehouse-

hold

Otherservice1

Preci-sion

produc-tion,craft,and

repair

Operators,fabricators,

and laborers

Machineoper-ators,

assem-blers,and

inspec-tors

Transpor-tationand

materialmoving

Handlers,equipmentcleaners,helpers,

andlaborers

Farming,forestry,

andfishing

AgricultureMiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and publicutilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, andreal estate

ServicesPrivate householdsOther service industries .

Professional services...Public administration

2,819893

6,72520,95312,5708,383

7,46821,9944,31417,680

7,23633,7831,139

32,64422,2445,088

51136869

2,3121,407905

8051,697416

1,281

1,6273,873

3,8732,1731,074

6694125

1,6781,185493

43540365337

15710,305

510,2999,307688

173763759564195

239873552

1441,690

1,6901,405220

12776

666297369

3129,1541,7497,405

1,750

69811023

11199

4602,5151,4321,083

2,0572i290828

1,462

3,0435,552

115,5414,0811,333

967967

16221371208162

2474,104

364,068

2667,211

957,1164,2311,272

37289

3,8584,0412,8491,192

1,2721,325265

1,060

1391,721

61,715324254

53197

6,6773,7202,957

86240103137

13652

65218829

34152434759367392

1,532867472395

245195

51426778

845714

1,102477625

4781,794325

1,469

3331712

3056257

2,462

87363

352213

40277372409759

1 Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status

(In thousands)

Reason not working and sex

Total 16 years and overVacationIllness . ...Bad weatherIndustrial disputeAll other reasons

Men, 16 years and overVacationIllnessAll other reasons3

Women 16 vears and overVacationIllnessAll other reasons3

Allindustries

Jan.1985

4,2431,4881,489

32419

92<

2,292825725741

1,952663763525

Jan.1986

3,9071,1841,426

16216

1,120

2,104660786658

1,802523640640


Total

Jan.1985

4,0461,4541,441

25619

876

2,129801687641

1,916652753511

Jan.1986

3,7501,1431,389

12816

1,075

1,984631758594

1,767513630625

Wage and salary workers1

Paid absences

Jan.1985

1,519809520

i2)191

834471289

73

685337230118

Jan.1986

1,411632569

211

824391357

76

587240211135

Unpaid absences

Jan.1985

1,805460751

593

845221323301

960239428292

Jan.1986

1,850384726

(2)740

857179341337

994205385404

1 Excludes private household workers.2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial

dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.

3 Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased

because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

37



A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of Industry

Hours of work


1 to 34 hours1 to 4 hours5 to 14 hours15 to 29 hours30 to 34 hours

35 hours and over35 to 39 hours40 hours41 hours and over

41 to 48 hours49 to 59 hours60 hours and over

Average hours, total at workAverage hours, workers on full-time schedules

January 1986


Allindustries

103,052

24.240822

4.80411.8346,780

78,8137,077

43,27828,45810,95510,3597,144

38.943.4

Agriculture

2,663

84155

236373177

1,822138619

1,065198343524

41.248.8

Nonagriculturalindustries

100,389

23,398766

4,56911,4606,603

76,9906,939

42,65927,39210,75710,0166,619

38.843.2


Allindustries

100.0

23.5.8

4.711.56.6

76.56.9

42.027.610.610.16.9

Agriculture

100.0

31.62.18.9

14.06.6

68.45.2

23.240.0

7.412.919.7

Nonagriculturalindustries

100.0

23.3.8

4.611.46.6

76.76.9

42.527.310.710.06.6

-

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of Industry, and usual status


Reason for working less than 35 hours

January 1986

All industries

Total

24,240

5,5932,674

5117853

2.638

18,64411,782

7831.876

3166

2101,5692.104

21.720.7

1.7225.058

Usuallywork

full time

6.342

1,8341,553

5117853

-

4,505

7831,741

3166

210-

1,450

24.226.3

8502.486

Usuallywork

part time

17,898

3,7591,121

--

2,638

14,13911,782

_135_

-1.569

654

20.518.9

8722,572


Total

23,398

5,3702,511

5117552

2,582

18,03011,470

7741,838

2656

2081,5391,929

21.820.7

1,6694,934

Usuallywork

full time

6,032

1,7121,435

5117552

-

4,320-774

1,714265

6208_

1,351

24.526.5

8142,420

Usuallywork

part time

17,367

3,6581,076

--_

2,582

13,71011,470

_124_

_1,539

578

20.618.9

8552,514


Economic reasonsSlack workMaterial shortages or repairs to plant and equipmentNew job started during weekJob terminated during weekCould find only part-time work

Other reasonsDoes not want, or unavailable for, full-time workVacationIllnessBad weatherIndustrial disputeLegal or religious holidayFull time for this jobAll other reasons

Average hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

Worked 30 to 34 hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

38



A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status


Industry

January 1986

Totalat

work

On parttimefor

economicreasons

Onvoluntarypart time

On full-time schedules

Total 40 hoursor less

41 to 48hours

49 hoursor more

Averagehours,total

at work

Averagehours,

workerson full-timeschedules


Wage and salary workers

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingDurable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and public utilities ...Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate

Service industriesPrivate householdsAll other industries

Public administration

Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers

100,389

93,029

825

5,139

19,972

12,0457,927

6,87719,5176,513

29,2761,105

28,1714,909

7,103257

5,370

4,727

26

372

616237379

2411,567

143

1,713212

1,50149

63112

13,710

12,415

251

637289348

3924,619

544

5,748511

5,237216

1,186109

81,309

75,887

791

4,516

18,71911,5197,200

6,24413,3315,826

21,815382

21,4334,644

5,286136

53,917

51,454

429

3,187

12,6247,6564,968

4,2238,0794,074

15,269257

15,0123,568

2,38611

10,757

10,168

122

548

3,0861,9391,147

8022,051

766

2,34218

2,324450

57019

16,635

14,265

240

781

3,0091,9241,085

1,2193,201

986

4,204107

4,097626

2,33040

38.8

38.7

45.9

39.6

41.442.040.5

41.436.339.9

36.725.037.240.7

40.534.3

43.2

42.9

46.8

42.3

42.742.942.4

43.543.842.2

42.745.442.741.9

48.144.4

39



A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural Industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status


Sex, age, race, and marital status

January 1986

Totalat

work

On parttime for

economic

Onvoluntarypart time


Total 40 hoursor less

41 hoursor more

Averagehours,total

at work

Averagehours,

workerson full-timeschedules

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over..16 to 19 years



25 to 44 years45 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over .16 to 19 years




Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




RACE

White, 16 years and over.MenWomen

Black, 16 years and over .MenWomen

MARITAL STATUS

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated .Single (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

100,3895,3411,9553,387

95,04812,76782,28153,99725,884

2,400

55,2672,639

9411,698

52,6286,624

46,00329,93614,6551,412

45,1222,7021,0141,689

42,4206,143

36,27724,06111,229

988

87,54348,75138,792

9,9754,9545,021

36,2555,395

13,616

25,2728,933

10,916

5,370455

66387

4,9151,0723,8442,6241,080

138

2,43822333

1912,215

5321,6831,198

41668

2,93223134

1972,700

5412,1591,425

66470

4,3601,9792,381

846381465

1,108284

1,046

1,470709754

13,7103,2441,7561,488

10,4662,0528,4154,5182,7051,191

4,0821,498

830668

2,584843

1,741607517617

9,6281,746

926820

7,8821,2086,6733,9112,188

575

12,4413,6328,810

922333588

1,224247

2,610

5,6281,1712,829

81,3091,642

1331,512

79,6679,643

70,02246,85522,099

1,071

48,747918

78839

47,8295,249

42,57928,13113,722

727

32,56272554

67231,8384,394

27,44518,7258,377

343

70,74243,14027,601

8,2074,2403,968

33,9234,8649,960

18,1747,0537,333

53,9171,290

1071,186

52,6266,996

45,62730,02814,831

770

28,957680

62617

28,2783,533

24,74315,9588,282

503

24,958611

44568

24,3483,463

20,88614,0706,548

266

45,49524,77920,714

6,6803,2383,442

19,2952,9526,710

14,1105,2435,602

27,392352

26326

27,0412,647

24,39516,8277,268

301

19,790238

16222

19,5511,716

17,83612,1735,440

224

7,60411410

1047,490

9316,5594,6551,829

77

25,24718,3616,887

1,5271,002

526

14,6281,9123,250

4,0641,8101,731

38.823.716.028.139.636.740.140.740.028.4

41.725.116.929.742.538.343.143.743.230.5

35.222.215.226.536.035.036.336.935.925.4

38.942.035.1

37.539.036.1

43.642.036.6

35.137.433.6

43.239.835.540.243.342.043.543.643.342.0

44.640.936.741.244.743.044.945.144.742.5

41.238.433.738.841.340.841.341.441.241.1

43.544.941.3

41.342.240.2

45.144.343.1

40.941.841.2

40



A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and fuli- or part-time status


Occupation and sex

January 1986

Totalat

work

On parttime for

economicreasons

Onvolun-

taryparttime


Total40

hoursor less

41 to 48hours

49hours

or more

Averagehours,total

at work

Averagehours,

workerson full-

timesched-

ules










Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective service .-Service, except private household and protective









100,273

25,56812,11113,45632,358

3,15912,24716,95213,898

9471,691

11,26012,40516,0447,5504,1584,336

55,059

14,6147,8046,811

11,7141,7016,5453,4685,541

291,4954,016

11,35311,8384,4703,7603,608

45,214

10,9544,3086,646

20,6451,4585,702

13,4858,357

918196

7,2431,0524,2073,080

399728

5,356

552182370

1,39271

740580

1,59517146

1,378676

1,141426286428

2,410

25512013529522

172101468

333

433601790181256353

2,946

29762

2351,096

50568479

1,127169

1394575

351246

3075

13,693

2,325530

1,7955,545

3302,4142,8023,992

461121

3,409420

1,410295340776

4,035

629187442

1,04699

567379

1,0761674

987327957124208625

9,658

1,697343

1,3534,500

2311,8472,4222,915

44548

2,42293

453171131151

81,224

22,69111,39911,29225,421

2,7579,093

13,5718,311

3151,5236,473

11,30813,4936,8293,5323,132

48,614

13,7317,4976,234

10,3731,5805,8062,9873,996

111,3882,597

10,42410,0914,1653,2952,630

32,610

8,9603,9035,058

15,0491,1783,288

10,5834,315

304135

3,876884

3,4022,664

237501

53,809

12,8805,9576,922

17,7912,0084,751

11,0326,214

211932

5,0717,4439,4815,1002,0052,377

28,824

6,8543,4873,3675,6681,0852,4752,1092,792

8832

1,9526,7826,7272,9191,8371,971

24,985

6,0252,4703,555

12,123923

2,2778,9243,422

203100

3,119661

2,7542,180

168406

10,745

3,0501,6051,4453,169

3901,3141,465

85216

246590

1,7181,9561,010

556390

7,067

1,805994811

1,627245921462505

225280

1,5841,547

694529323

3,678

1,245611634

1,541145393

1,003348

1622

310134410316

2767

16,670

6,7613,8382,9244,461

3593,0281,0741,244

88345812

2,1472,055

719971366

12,723

5,0713,0162,0553,077

2502,410

417699

3331365

2,0591,817

551929337

3,947

1,690822869

1,3851106186575458513

44788

2381674229

38.8

42.144.440.137.639.539.036.332.924.442.332.141.339.139.741.835.5

41.7

44.946.143.642.341.344.338.936.6O43.334.241.539.941.042.635.7

35.2

38.441.336.535.037.332.935.630.424.234.531.038.436.937.833.834.7

43.3

45.045.944.142.542.245.640.442.344.744.941.543.142.541.545.441.6

44.6

46.647.245.945.243.047.542.043.4O45.242.443.343.242.345.741.7

41.2

42.643.342.040.641.142.340.041.244.441.640.941.540.440.142.141.0

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

41


HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed In the United States, by sex,seasonally adjusted


Employment status and sex1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec, Jan.

TOTAL

Noninstitutional population1

Labor force1

Total employed1

Employment-population ratio2

Resident Armed ForcesCivilian employed


UnemployedUnemployment rate3

Not in labor force

Men


Labor force1

Percent of population4

Total employed1




Not in labor force

Women


Labor force1

Percent of population4

Total employed1




Not in labor force

179,081116,451

65.0108,012

60.31,697

106,3153,319

102,9968,439

7.262,630

85,62965,737

76.861,163

71.41,549

59,6144,574

7.019,892

93,45250,714

54.346,849

50.1148

46,7013,865

7.642,738

179,219116,685

65.1108,290

60.41,703

106,5873,325

103,2628,395

7.262,534

85,69265,782

76.861,207

71.41,554

59,6534,575

7.019,910

93,52750,903

54.447,083

50.3149

46,9343,820

7.542,624

179,368117,036

65.2108,652

60.61,701

106,9513,314

103,6378,384

7.262,332

85,76465,898

76.861,381

71.61,553

59,8284,517

6.919,866

93,60351,138

54.647,271

50.5148

47,1233,867

7.642,465

179,501116,958

65.2108,574

60.51,702

106,8723,353

103,5198,384

7.262,543

85,82765,929

76.861,373

71.51,553

59,8204,556

6.919,898

93,67451,029

54.547,201

50.4149

47,0523,828

7.542,645

179,649117,044

65.2108,644

60.51,705

106,9393,284

103,6558,400

7.262,605

85,89866,012

76.861,498

71.61,556

59,9424,514

6.819,886

93,75151,032

54.447,146

50.3149

46,9973,886

7.642,719

179,798116,726

64.9108,303

60.21,702

106,6013,140

103,4618,423

7.263,072

85,97065,808

76.561,175

71.21,552

59,6234,633

7.020,162

179,967116,976

65.0108,575

60.31,704

106,8713,120

103,7518,401

7.262,991

86,05265,884

76.661,273

71.21,554

59,7194,611

7.020,168

93,82850,918

54.347,128

50.2150

46,9783,790

7.442,910

93,91551,092

54.447,302

50.4150

47,1523,790

7.442,823

180,131117,069

65.0108,936

60.51,726

107,2103,095

104,1158,133

6.963,062

86,13265,945

76.661,510

71.41,574

59,9364,435

6.720,187

93,99951,124

54.447,426

50.5152

47,2743,698

7.242,875

180,304117,522

65.2109,251

60.61,732

107,5193,017

104,5028,271

7.062,782

86,21766,074

76.661,629

71.51,580

60,0494,445

6.720,143

94,08751,448

54.747,622

50.6152

47,4703,826

7.442,639

180,470117,814

65.3109,513

60.71,700

107,8133,058

104,7558,301

7.062,656

86,29366,227

76.761,656

71.41,551

60,1054,571

6.920,066

94,17751,587

54.847,857

50.8149

47,7083,730

7.242,590

180,642117,832

65.2109,671

60.71,702

107,9693,070

104,8998,161

6.962,810

86,37466,176

76.661,731

71.51,552

60,1794,445

6.720,198

94,26651,655

54.847,939

50.9149

47,7903,716

7.242,611

180,810117,927

65.2109,904

60.81,698

108,2063,151

105,0558,023

6.862,883

86,45966,139

76.561,793

71.51,549

60,2444,346

6.620,320

94,35151,788

54.948,111

51.0149

47,9623,677

7.142,563

181,361118,477

65.3110,646

61.01,691

108,9553,299

105,6557,831

6.662,885

86,88266,679

76.762,458

71.91,539

60,9194,221

6.320,203

94,47951,797

54.848,187

51.0152

48,0353,610

7.042,682

1 Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the UnitedStates.

2 Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.3 Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

Armed Forces).

4 Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for

seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown intables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of theindependent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

42



A-33. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Employment status,sex, and age

1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec,

1986

Jan.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1 .Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2..Unemployed

Unemployment rate


Civilian noninstitutional population1.Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2..AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force


Civilian noninstitutional population1.Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2..AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force


Civilian noninstitutional population1

Civilian labor forcePercent of population

EmployedEmployment-population ratio2..



Not in labor force

177,384114,754

64.7106,315

59.98,439

7.4

76,76059,997

78.256,231

73.32,409

53,8223,766

6.316,763

86,01546,753

54.443,593

50.7593

43,0003,160

6.839,262

14,6108,004

54.86,49144.4317

6,1741,513

18.96,606

177,516114,982

64.8106,587

60.08,395

7.3

76,82960,037

78.156,274

73.22,368

53,9063,763

6.316,792

86,08646,853

54.443,713

50.8606

43,1073,140

6.739,233

14,6008,092

55.46,60045.2351

6,2491,492

18.46,508

177,667115,335

64.9106,951

60.28,384

7.3

76,90460,154

78.256,411

73.42,329

54,0823,743

6.216,750

86,18147,095

54.643,927

51.0630

43,2973,168

6.739,086

14,5828,086

55.56,61345.4355

6,2581,47318.2

6,496

177,799115,256

64.8106,872

60.18,384

7.3

76,98860,165

78.156,390

73.22,358

54,0323,775

6.316,823

86,27447,103

54.643,925

50.9633

43,2923,178

6.739,171

14,5387,988

54.96,557

45.1362

6,1951,43117.9

6,550

177,944115,339

64.8106,939

60.18,400

7.3

77,06860,240

78.256,544

73.42,352

54,1923,696

6.116,828

86,38047,082

54.543,883

50.8600

43,2833,199

6.839,298

14,4968,017

55.36,51244.9332

6,1801,50518.8

6,479

178,096115,024

64.6106,601

59.98,423

7.3

77,13560,246

78.156,384

73.12,260

54,1243,862

6.416,889

86,47747,185

54.644,033

50.9572

43,4613,152

6.739,292

14,4837,593

52.46,18442.7308

5,8761,40918.6

6,890

178,263115,272

64.7106,871

60.08,401

7.3

77,24360,158

77.956,403

73.02,230

54,1733,755

6.217,085

86,57547,190

54.544,070

50.9596

43,4743,120

6.639,385

14,4457,924

54.96,39844.3294

6,1041,526

19.36,521

178,405115,343

64.7107,210

60.18,133

7.1

77,30660,269

78.056,636

73.32,231

54,4053,633

6.017,037

86,65247,340

54.644,197

51.0581

43,6163,143

6.639,312

14,4487,734

53.56,37744.1283

6,0941,35717.5

6,714

178,572115,790

64.8107,519

60.28,271

7.1

77,38960,407

78.156,751

73.32,171

54,5803,656

6.116,982

86,72747,558

54.844,363

51.2557

43,8063,195

6.739,169

14,4567,825

54.16,40544.3289

6,1161,42018.1

6,631

178,770116,114

65.0107,813

60.38,301

7.1

77,49860,526

78.156,849

73.42,188

54,6613,677

6.116,972

86,81047,663

54.944,609

51.4609

44,0003,054

6.439,147

14,4637,925

54.86,35543.9261

6,0941,57019.8

6,538

178,940116,130

64.9107,969

60.38,161

7.0

77,56660,553

78.156,897

73.42,210

54,6873,656

6.017,013

86,90147,713

54.944,656

51.4591

44,0653,057

6.439,188

14,4727,864

54.36,41644.3269

6,1471,448

18.46,608

179,112116,229

64.9108,206

60.48,023

6.9

77,65160,548

78.056,982

73.42,278

54,7043,566

5.917,103

86,98847,870

55.044,882

51.6597

44,2852,988

6.239,118

14,4747,811

54.06,34243.8276

6,0661,4

18.86,663

179,670116,786

65.0108,955

60.67,831

6.7

78,10161,212

78.457,706

73.92,349

55,3563,507

5.716,889

87,11247,895

55.044,980

51.6696

44,2842,915

6.139,217

14,4587,678

53.16,26943.4254

6,0151,409

18.46,780

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.

43



A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutlonal population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1986

Jan.

WHITE




Unemployment rate



EmployedEmployment-population ratio2.








EmployedEmployment-population ratio2....


MenWomen

BLACK



Employment-population ratio2.,Unemployed ,

Unemployment rate







EmployedEmployment-population ratio2....


53,10399,358

64.993,040

60.86,318

6.4

52,67478.5

49,77874.2

2,8965.5

39,74553.7

37,41350.5

2,3325.9

6,93957.9

5,84948.8

1,09015.716.115.3

19,51812,305

63.010,451

53.51,85415.1

5,70274.4

4,96464.873812.9

5,70"58.9

4,96351.374413.0

53,19199,612

65.093,414

61.06,198

6.2

52,72778.6

49,88174.3

2,8465.4

39,86653.8

37,59850.7

2,2685.7

7,01958.6

5,93549.6

1,08415.416.814.0

19,54212,299

62.910,333

52.91,966

16.0

5,74774.9

4,93264.381514

5,65858.3

4,88350.377513.

53,29699,862

65.193,617

61.16,245

6.3

52,80278.6

49,96174.4

2,8415.4

40,05954.0

37,71550.9

2,3445.9

7,00158.6

5,94149.7

1,06015.115.614.7

19,56912,294

62.810,422

53.31,87;

15.;

5,70374.;

4,94364.376013.3

5,68958.6

4,95151.073813.0

53,38899,718

65.093,470

60.96,248

6.3

52,82578.6

49,94774.3

2,8785.4

40,00353.9

37,67750.8

2,3265.8

6,89057.8

5,84649.0

1,04415.215.714.5

19,59412,364

63.110,489

53.51,875

15.;

5,71474.;

4,95;64.376213.3

5,74559.0

4,98851.37513.,

53,48999,771

65.093,574

61.06,197

6.2

52,87778.6

50,11474.5

2,7635.2

39,97853.8

37,64850.7

2,3305.8

6,91658.1

5,81248.9

1,10416.016.715.1

19,62012,37;

63.110,466

53.31,906

15.4

5,75474.6

4,98564.676913.4

5,70958.6

4,93950.77013.5

53,59799,527

64.893,132

60.66,395

6.4

52,87078.5

49,84874.0

3,0225.7

40,08053.9

37,76050.8

2,3205.8

6,57755.3

5,52446.5

1,05316.016.715,

19,64612,317

62.710,538

53.61,779

14.4

5,73174.;

5,01765.071412.5

5,72'58.'

5,00151.272612.7

53,71799,705

64.993,378

60.76,327

6.3

52,75278.2

49,81573.9

2,9375.6

40,13153.9

37,84050.8

2,2915.7

6,82257.5

5,72348.2

1,09916.117.115.0

19,67512,354

62.810,499

53.41,855

15.0

5,74574.

5,0164.873312.8

5,70158.3

4,95350.674813.1

53,81999,817

64.993,684

60.96,133

6.1

52,87778.4

50,05074.2

2,8275.3

40,25454.0

37,96451.0

2,2905.7

6,68656.4

5,67047.8

1,01615.217,13.0

19,70012,289

62.410,560

53.61,729

14.1

5,74774,

5,06265.368511.9

5,69658.1

4,95150.574513.1

53,93800,179

65.194,055

61.16,124

6.1

52,98378.5

50,20774.4

2,7765.2

40,40354.2

38,09651.1

2,3075.7

6,79357.3

5,75248.5

1,04115.316.214.4

19,72812,378

62.710,500

53.21,878

15.2

5,78874.6

5,01964.776913.3

5,72458.3

4,95150.577313.5

54,08200,533

65.294,369

61.26,164

6.1

53,10578.6

50,33974.5

2,7665.2

40,54954.3

38,31751.3

2,2325.5

6,87958.0

5,71348.2

1,16617.018.515.3

19,76112,412

62.810,566

53.51,846

14.9

5,77874.3

4,98764.179113.7

5,72758.3

5,03251.;69512.1

54,20300,478

65.294,507

61.35,971

5.9

53,12578.5

50,38074.5

2,7455.2

40,53854.3

38,36651.4

2,1725.4

6,81557.4

5,76148.6

1,05415.515.815.1

19,79012,457

62.910,518

53.11,939

15.6

5,77274.1

4,98363.978913.7

5,81059.0

5,01750.979313.6

54,32700,533

65.194,585

61.35,948

5.9

53,09778.4

50,40874.4

2,6895.1

40,65954.4

38,47551.5

2,1845.4

6,77757.1

5,70248.1

1,07515.916.215.5

19,81912,522

6310,657

53.81,86!

14.9

5,79774.

5,03564.576213.1

5,83559.2

5,10;51.73312.6

54,78400,961

65.295,165

61.55,796

5.7

53,60378.7

50,94474.8

2,6595.0

40,69154.4

38,54651.5

2,1455.3

6,66756.2

5,67547.899214.914.715.1

19,83712,548

63.310,737

54.11,810

14.4

5,88775.1

5,14265.674512.7

5,76258.4

5,07451.568912.0


44



A-34. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted—Continued


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

BLACK-ContlnuedBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years


EmployedEmployment-population ratio2..


MenWomen

HISPANIC ORIGIN




Unemployment rate

1985


1986

Jan.

89641.252424.137241.543.938.9

11,7167,50664.1

6,71357.379310.6

89441.1518

23.837642.140.943.3

11,7537,59164.6

6,83258.175910.0

90241.652824.337441.541.141.9

11,7897,62164.6

6,83858.078310.3

90541.854925.435639.339.439.3

11,8267,60764.3

6,81457.679310.4

42.154225.136740.439.341.5

11,8627,61664.2

6,80657.481010.6

85939.852024.133939.541.037.8

11,8977,66964.5

6,85657.681310.6

90842.153424.837441.243.139.0

11,9337,71364.6

6,87057.684310.9

84639.354725.429935.334.935.9

11,9697,78165.0

6,97358.380810.4

86640.253024.633638.841.136.1

12,0047,84465.3

7,02658.581810.4

90742.254725.436039.741.038.2

12,0407,85465.2

6,98258.087211.1

87540.751824.135740.845.236.0

12,0757,78264.4

6,95357.682910.7

89041.552024.237041.641.042.3

12,1117,77264.2

6,96257.581010.4

89842.052224.437641.941.342.4

12,1487,78764.1

6,99857.678910.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presentedand Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.Data on persons of Hispanic origin for 1985 and earlier years have beenrevised.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Category1985


1986

Jan.

CHARACTERISTIC

TotalMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OFWORKER

Agriculture:Wage and salary workersSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

Nonagricultural industries:Wage and salary workersGovernmentPrivate industries

Private householdsOther industries

Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack workCould only find part-time work

Voluntary part time

Nonagricultural industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack workCould only find part-time work

Voluntary part time

106,31539,40225,9705,567

1,5981,523

222

95,08615,82079,266

1,36477,9027,753

336

5,6382,4732,830

13,343

5,3922,3202,735

12,859

106,58739,32426,0795,533

1,5971,508

229

95,23515,95779,278

1,28877,9907,694

336

5,3562,2442,817

13,524

5,0982,0732,732

13,057

106,95139,46726,163

5,600

1,5961,502

223

95,60615,96979,637

1,22578,4127,764

321

5,6822,5852,763

13,517

5,4212,3972,670

13,016

106,87239,36226,0875,603

1,6531,493

219

95,49315,95579,538

1,21878,3207,717

305

5,6902,5672,767

13,356

5,4022,3802,679

12,926

106,93939,26026,0365,626

1,5821,498

196

95,66015,93679,724

1,25578,4697,711

290

5,8762,6072,871

13,078

5,5502,4182,785

12,612

106,60138,96626,1745,643

1,5301,451

159

95,39116,00079,391

1,22878,1637,728

292

5,5442,5242,751

13,439

5,2782,3342,675

12,995

106,87139,09626,3165,607

1,4791,474

170

95,52315,94979,5/ <

1,25178,3237,724

277

5,5962,4142,766

13,634

5,3282,2512,686

13,235

107,21039,14226,392

5,627

1,4561,444

176

95,79116,07579,716

1,29578,4217,874

303

5,6802,4802,835

13,622

5,4132,3192,740

13,179

107,51939,10326,531

5,556

1,4381,414

179

96,54616,14580,401

1,26679,1357,846

266

5,5542,4332,815

13,496

5,2992,2922,730

13,053

107,81339,27226,702

5,514

1,4651,436

172

96,53016,21380,317

1,27179,0467,991

248

5,4752,2512,897

13,713

5,2412,1152,801

13,277

107,96939,31426,7215,605

1,5371,361

158

96,67616,15780,519

1,19779,3228,013

249

5,4982,3062,883

13,645

5,2952,1962,784

13,194

108,20639,27826,804

5,693

1,5721,409

164

96,92116,19480,727

1,13179,5967,903

250

5,4942,3032,864

13,556

5,2942,1952,760

13,122

108,95539,61526,9585,702

1,6731,492

163

97,91116,41881,494

1,25680,2387,655

273

5,5432,3642,883

13,958

5,2752,2082,776

13,441

1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

45Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Sex and age1985


1986

Jan.

Total, 16 years and over ....















106,315

20,6546,4912,5014,014

14,16385,66771,45014,243

59,614

10,8373,3831,3042,0837,454

48,78740,366

8,419

46,701

9,8173,1081,1971,9316,709

36,88031,084

5,824

106,587

20,6836,6002,5634,011

14,08385,91071,61114,263

59,653

10,7653,3791,3132,0497,386

48,89540,451

8,420

46,934

9,9183,2211,2501,9626,697

37,01531,160

5,843

106,951

20,6376,6132,5804,050

14,02486,36171,85014,419

59,828

10,7713,4171,3212,0907,354

49,09540,518

8,516

47,123

9,8663,1961,2591,9606,670

37,26631,332

5,903

106,872

20,6126,5572,5054,030

14,05586,28771,99414,315

59,820

10,8323,4301,3492,0817,402

49,04340,571

8,465

47,052

9,7803,1271,1561,9496,653

37,24431,423

5,850

106,939

20,4966,5122,5014,002

13,98486,41672,08214,279

59,942

10,7533,3981,3162,0787,355

49,17740,739

8,427

46,997

9,7433,1141,1851,9246,629

37,23931,343

5,852

106,601

20,1456,1842,3993,819

13,96186,44772,17514,299

59,623

10,5553,2391,2382,0207,316

49,03040,593

8,458

46,978

9,5902,9451,1611,7996,645

37,41731,582

5,841

106,871

20,2886,3982,4843,888

13,89086,65072,42514,201

59,719

10,5953,3161,2962,0187,279

49,16340,758

8,366

47,152

9,6933,0821,1881,8706,611

37,48731,667

5,835

107,210

20,2706,3772,4893,857

13,89386,91972,62314,305

59,936

10,6043,3001,2841,9887,304

49,32340,844

8,475

47,274

9,6663,0771,2051,8696,589

37,59631,779

5,830

107,519

20,3516,4052,4873,930

13,94687,15772,94514,231

60,049

10,6323,2981,3072,0087,334

49,39840,971

8,459

47,470

9,7193,1071,1801,9226,612

37,75931,974

5,772

107,813

20,3076,3552,4583,913

13,95287,47773,16414,336

60,105

10,5433,2561,2801,9937,287

49,53241,081

8,483

47,708

9,7643,0991,1781,9206,665

37,94532,083

5,853

107,969

20,3086,4162,4873,910

13,89287,66573,38414,297

60,179

10,5903,2821,3081,9577,308

49,59641,144

8,461

47,790

9,7183,1341,1791,9536,584

38,06932,240

5,836

108,206

20,3036,3422,4663,887

13,96187,87773,66814,248

60,244

10,5843,2621,2891,9847,322

49,63641,244

8,424

47,962

9,7193,0801,1771,9036,639

38,24132,424

5,824

108,955

20,2356,2692,4603,857

13,96688,68474,37314,360

60,919

10,6353,2141,2491,9967,421

50,29641,786

8,522

48,035

9,5993,0551,2111,8616,545

38,38832,5875,838

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Sex and age1985


1986

Jan.

Total, 16 years and over ....















8,439

3,2521,513

666839

1,7395,1954,578

630

4,574

1,754808353457946

2,8282,461

379

3,865

1,498705313382793

2,3672,117

251

8,395

3,2741,492

656842

1,7825,1244,525

600

4,575

1,797812355461985

2,7802,420

364

3,820

1,477680301381797

2,3442,105

236

8,384

3,2311,473

668800

1,7585,1474,549

604

4,517

1,746774366401972

2,7662,414

347

3,867

1,485699302399786

2,3812,135

257

8,384

3,1821,431

656783

1,7515,2224,638

611

4,556

1,736781367421955

2,8382,510

356

3,828

1,446650289362796

2,3842,128

255

8,400

3,3401,505

674824

1,8355,0354,423

634

4,514

1,848818376443

1,0302,6292,286

362

3,866

1,492687298381805

2,4062,137

272

8,423

3,1671,409

661750

1,7585,2804,613

642

4,633

1,745771373397974

2,8872,502

391

3,790

1,422638288353784

2,3932,111

251

8,401

3,2701,526

687812

1,7445,1254,513

655

4,611

1,811856368463955

2,7862,420

399

3,790

1,459670319349789

2,3392,093

256

8,133

3,0411,357

586777

1,6845,0774,480

615

4,435

1,696802360440894

2,7442,405

338

3,698

1,345555226337790

2,3332,075

277

8,271

3,1321,420

632786

1,7125,1764,522

604

4,445

1,696789341450907

2,7792,393

352

3,826

1,436631291336805

2,3972,129

252

8,301

3,2741,570

721846

1,7045,0044,402

589

4,571

1,800894405494906

2,7612,381

361

3,730

1,474676316352798

2,2432,021

228

8,161

3,1701,448

678795

1,7224,9874,384

570

4,445

1,710789345449921

2,7362,359

353

3,716

1,460659333346801

2,2512,025

217

8,023

3,1231,469

660822

1,6544,8904,301

573

4,346

1,649780355435869

2,6942,339

339

3,677

1,474689305387785

2,1961,962

234

7,831

3,0301,409

650754

1,6214,8084,248

576

4,221

1,568714331387854

2,6602,330

345

3,610

1,462695319367767

2,1481,918

231

46



A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Civilian workers)

Sex and age

16 to 24 years


25 to 54 years . . .

16 to 19 years .

18 to 19 years

25 to 54 years

16 to 24 years

16 to 17 years . .18 to 19 years

25 to 54 years

1985

Jan.

7.4

13.618.921.017310.95.76.04.2

7.1

13.919.321.318.011.35.55.74.3

7.6

13.218.520.716.510.66.06.44.1

Feb.

7.3

13.718.420.417.411.25.65.94.0

7.1

14.319.421.318.411.85.45.64.1

7.5

13.017.419.416.310.66.06.33.9

Mar.

7.3

13.518.220.616.511.15.66.04.0

7.0

13.918.521.716.111.75.35.63.9

7.6

13.117.919.316.910.56.06.44.2

Apr.

7.3

13.417.920.816.311.15.76.14.1

7.1

13.818.521.416.811.45.55.84.0

7.5

12.917.220.015.710.76.06.34.2

May

7.3

14.018.821.217.111.65.55.84.3

7.0

14.719.422.217.612.35.15.34.1

7.6

13.318.120.116.510.86.16.44.4

June

7.3

13.618.621.616.411.25.86.04.3

7.2

14.219.223.216.411.75.65.84.4

7.5

12.917.819.916.410.66.06.34.1

July

7.3

13.919.321.717.311.25.65.94.4

7.2

14.620.522.118.711.65.45.64.6

7.4

13.117.921.215.710.75.96.24.2

Aug.

7.1

13.017.519.116.810.85.55.84.1

6.9

13.819.621.918.110.95.35.63.8

7.3

12.215.315.815.310.75.86.14.5

Sept.

7.1

13.318.120.316.710.95.65.84.1

6.9

13.819.320.718.311.05.35.54.0

7.5

12.916.919.814.910.96.06.24.2

Oct.

7.1

13.919.822.717.810.95.45.73.9

7.1

14.621.524.019.911.15.35.54.1

7.3

13.117.921.215.510.75.65.93.7

Nov.

7.0

13.518.421.416.911.05.45.63.8

6.9

13.919.420.918.711.25.25.44.0

7.2

13.117.422.015.110.85.65.93.6

Dec.

6.9

13.318.821.117.510.65.35.53.9

6.7

13.519.321.618.010.65.15.43.9

7.1

13.218.320.616.910.65.45.73.9

1986

Jan.

6.7

13.018.420.916.410.45.15.43.9

6.5

12.818.220916.210.35.05.33.9

7.0

13.218.520.816.510.55.35.63.8

A-39. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted

(Unemployment rates)

Category1985

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.

1986

Jan.

CHARACTERISTIC

Total (all civilian workers)Men, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

WhiteBlack and otherBlackHispanic origin

Married men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

Full-time workersPart-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over1

Labor force time lost2

INDUSTRY

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workersMiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workers

7.46.36.8

18.9

6.413.715.110.6

4.55.7

10.2

7.09.32.08.3

7.310.313.57.67.28.05.17.75.9

15.4

7.36.36.7

18.4

6.214.416.010.0

4.45.4

10.9

7.08.82.18.2

7.310.813.47.67.38.05.47.75.7

13.6

7.36.26.7

18.2

6.313.815.210.3

4.35.8

10.3

6.99.52.18.2

7.210.913.37.77.58.14.77.55.7

12.5

7.36.36.7

17.9

6.313.815.210.4

4.35.8

10.7

6.99.72.18.2

7.310.613.37.97.78.25.47.45.7

13.2

7.36.16.8

18.8

6.213.915.410.6

4.05.7

10.8

6.910.02.08.3

7.27.5

11.07.87.87.85.27.86.1

11.9

7.36.46.7

18.6

6.413.214.410.6

4.65.89.9

6.99.52.08.2

7.310.913.57.77.97.55.37.75.7

12.5

7.36.26.6

19.3

6.313.515.010.9

4.45.7

10.3

7.09.42.08.2

7.39.9

13.47.97.97.95.77.65.6

14.0

7.16.06.6

17.5

6.112.814.110.4

4.15.4

10.8

6.89.02.08.1

7.18.6

13.17.87.97.64.57.75.5

14.0

7.16.16.7

18.1

6.113.715.210.4

4.35.6

11.3

6.89.32.08.1

7.28.9

13.67.77.77.85.37.85.5

13.3

7.16.16.4

19.8

6.113.514.911.1

4.25.3

10.4

6.89.62.07.9

7.17.7

13.57.57.37.85.17.75.4

12.9

7.06.06.4

18.4

5.914.115.610.7

4.35.5

10.0

6.78.81.97.9

7.07.3

13.47.77.67.85.17.55.4

12.5

6.95.96.2

18.8

5.913.414.910.4

4.35.39.4

6.69.01.97.8

6.910.312.67.37.37.35.07.65.3

10.6

6.75.76.1

18.4

5.712.814.410.1

4.35.19.9

6.48.41.87.6

6.710.912.97.07.07.14.37.25.2

10.9

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force

hours.NOTE: Data on persons of Hispanic origin for 1985 and earlier years

have been revised. 47Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Weeks of unemployment1985


1986

Jan.

DURATION

Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


Average (mean) duration, in weeksMedian duration, in weeks


Total unemployedLess than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


3,6272.5402,247

9321.315

15.96.8

100.043.130.226.711.115.6

3.5012,4882,4131,0651,348

16.07.1

100.041.729.628.712.716.0

3,5562,4872,4001,0611,339

15.97.0

100.042.129.528.412.615.9

3,5282,5162,3741,0311,343

16.16.8

100.041.929.928.212.216.0

3,6072,5942,2741,0631,211

15.06.7

100.042.630.626.812.514.3

3,4662,5362,3281,0331,295

15.56.8

100.041.630.427.912.415.5

3,5252,5142,3291,0781,251

15.57.1

100.042.130.027.812.914.9

3,4222,5082,2741,0471,227

15.57.2

100.041.730.627.712.815.0

3,4842,5052,3071,0351,272

15.56.9

100.042.030.227.812.515.3

3,4302,5362,2771,0571,220

15.47.0

100.041.630.827.612.814.8

3,4652,4482,205894

1,311

15.7

100.042.730.227.211.016.1

3,3742,4602,188

9731,215

15.46.9

100.042.130.727.312.115.1

3,3112,4412,056

9691,087

14.96.8

100.042.431.326.312.413.9

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Reasons for unemployment

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED







UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

1985

Jan.

4,2711,2163,055

8772,2401,045

100.050.614.436.210.426.612.4

3.7.8

2.0.9

Feb.

4,2361,2033,033

8682,2381,056

100.050.414.336.110.326.612.6

3.7.8

1.9.9

Mar.

4,1771,1553,022

8612,3011,074

100.049.613.735.910.227.412.8

3.6.7

2.0.9

Apr.

4,2291,1823,047

8522,2831,051

100.050.314.036.210.127.112.5

3.7.7

2.0.9

May

3,9941,0682,926

8702,3781,142

100.047.612.734.910.428.413.6

3.5.8

2.11.0

June

4.1671,1353,032

9832,2331,018

100.049.613.536.111.726.612.1

3.6.9

1.9.9

July

4,2061,1343,072

8942,1841,098

100.050.213.536.610.726.113.1

3.6.8

1.91.0

Aug.

4,1441,1123,032

8752,191

941

100.050.813.637.210.726.911.5

3.6.8

1.9.8

Sept.

4,1421,1672,975

8522,335

918

100.050.214.236.110.328.311.1

3.6.7

2.0.8

Oct.

4,0401,1612,879

9112,2371,045

100.049.114.135.011.127.212.7

3.5.8

1.9.9

Nov.

4.0811,1752,906

8082,2261,055

100.050.014.435.6

9.927.212.9

3.5.7

1.9.9

Dec.

3,9331,1322,801

8762,2251,033

100.048.814.034.710.927.612.8

3.4.8

1.9.9

1986

Jan.

3,7761,1632,613

9962,0661,025

100.048.014.833.212.726.313.0

3.2.9

1.8.9

48


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT

B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1934 to date

(In thousands)

Yearand

monthTotal Total

private

Goods-producing

Total Mining Construc-tion

Manufac-turing

Service-producing

Total

Transpor-tationand

publicutilities

Whole-saletrade

Retailtrade

Finance,insurance,

andreal

estate

Services

Government

Federal State Local

Annual averages

193419351936193719381939

1940194119421943194419451946194719481949

19501951195219531954195519561957195819592

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

198019811982198319841985P

25,94027,03929,06831,01129,19430,603

32,36136,53940,10642,43441,86440,37441,65243,85744,86643,754

45,19747,81948,79350,20248,99050,64152,36952,85351,32453,268

54,18953,99955,54956,65358,28360,76563,90165,80367,89770,384

70,88071,21473,67576,79078,26576,94579,38282,47186,69789,823

90,40691,15689,56690,19694,46197,698

22,64123,55825,40027,25525,31126,608

28,15931,87734,62436,35635,82234,43136,05638,38239,21637,897

39,17041,43042,18543,55642,23843,72745,09145,23943,48345,186

45,83645,40446,66047,42948,68650,68953,11654,41356,05858,189

58,32558,33160,34163,05864,09562,25964,51167,34471,02673,876

74,16675,12673,72974,33078,47781,403

10,26110,89311,93312,93611,40112,297

13,22115,96318,47020,11419,32817,50717,24818,50918,77417,565

18,50619,95920,19821,07419,75120,51321,10420,96419,51320,411

20,43419,85720,45120,64021,00521,92623,15823,30823,73724,361

23,57822,93523,66824,89324,79422,60023,35224,34625,58526,461

25,65825,49723,81323,33424,73025,056

883897946

1,015891854

925957992925892836862955994930

901929898866791792822828751732

712672650635634632627613606619

623609628642697752779813851958

1,0271,1391,128

952974969

877927

1,1601,1271,0701,165

1,3111,8142,1981,5871,1081,1471,6832,0092,1982,194

2,3642,6372,6682,6592,6462,8393,0392,9622,8173,004

2,9262,8592,9483,0103,0973,2323,3173,2483,3503,575

3,5883,7043,8894,0974,0203,5253,5763,8514,2294,463

4,3464,1883,9053,9484,3454,661

1985:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

1986:Januaryp

8,5019,0699,827

10,7949,440

10,278

10,98513,19215,28017,60217,32815,52414,70315,54515,58214,441

15,24116,39316,63217,54916,31416,88217,24317,17415,94516,675

16,79616,32616,85316,99517,27418,06219,21419,44719,78120,167

19,36718,62319,15120,15420,07718,32318,99719,68220,50521,040

20,28520,17018,78118,43419,41219,426

15,67916,14617,13518,07517,79318,306

19,14020,57421,63622,32022,53622,86724,40425,34826,09226,189

26,69127,86028,59529,12829,23930,12831,26631,88931,81132,857

33,75534,14235,09836,01337,27838,83940,74342,49544,16046,023

47,30248,27850,00751,89753,47154,34556,03058,12561,11363,363

64,74865,65965,75366,86269,73172,642

2,7502,7862,9733,1342,8632,936

3,0383,2743,4603,6473,8293,9064,0614,1664,1894,001

4,0344,2264,2484,2904,0844,1414,2444,2413,9764,011

4,0043,9033,9063,9033,9514,0364,1584,2684,3184,442

4,5154,4764,5414,6564,7254,5424,5824,7134,9235,136

5,1465,1655,0824,9545,1715,300

(1)(1)(1)(1)0O

1,8351,9601,9061,8221,8451,9492,2912,4712,6052,602

2,6352,7272,8122,8542,8672,9263,0183,0282,9803,082

3,1433,1333,1983,2483,3373,4663,5973,6893,7793,907

3,9934,0014,1134,2774,4334,4154,5464,7084,9695,204

5,2755,3585,2785,2685,5505,769

(1)(1)O(1)(1)(1)

4,9145,2515,2125,1605,2145,3656,0846,4856,6676,662

6,7517,0157,1927,3937,3687,6107,8407,8587,7708,045

8,2488,2048,3688,5308,8239,2509,6489,917

10,32010,798

11,04711,35111,83612,32912,55412,64513,20913,80814,57314,989

15,03515,18915,17915,61316,58417,426

1,3041,3201,3731,4171,4101,447

1,4851,5251,5091,4811,4611,4811,6751,7281,8001,828

1,8881,9562,0352,1112,2002,2982,3892,4382,4812,549

2,6292,6882,7542,8302,9112,9773,0583,1853,3373,512

3,6453,7723,9084,0464,1484,1654,2714,4674,7244,975

5,1605,2985,3415,4685,6825,924

3,0453,1283,3123,5033,4583,502

3,6653,9054,0664,1304,1454,2224,6975,0255,1815,240

5,3575,5475,6995,8355,9696,2406,4976,7086,7657,087

7,3787,6207,9828,2778,6609,0369,498

10,04510,56711,169

11,54811,79712,27612,85713,44113,89214,55115,30316,25217,112

17,89018,61919,03619,69420,76121,929

652753826833829905

9961,3402,2132,9052,9282,8082,2541,8921,8631,908

1,9282,3022,4202,3052,1882,1872,2092,2172,1912,233

2,2702,2792,3402,3582,3482,3782,5642,7192,7372,758

2,7312,6962,6842,6632,7242,7482,7332,7272,7532,773

2,8662,7722,7392,7742,8072,875

O(1)(1)0(1)(1)

O0O(1)O0(1)0(1)(1)

(1)0(1)(1)00

1,2501,3281,4151,484

1,5361,6071,6681,7471,8561,9962,1412,3022,4422,533

2,6642,7472,8592,9233,0393,1793,2733,3773,4743,541

3,6103,6403,6403,6623,7123,780

96,41996,59196,91097,12097,42197,47397,70797,97798,21798,55998,80199,069

99,635

80,31980,48080,76780,96281,20881,26081,36681,63481,76582,07382,31782,557

83,157

25,11225,06225,05625,09025,06625,01024,98025,01524,96225,05125,08925,145

25,335

974976977982982974969965962960954953

951

4,5344,5254,5534,6414,6584,6384,6604,6884,7214,7534,7544,761

4,918

Monthly dat£

19,60419,56119,52619,46719,42619,39819,35119,36219,27919,33819,38119,431

19,466

71,30771,52971,85472,03072,35572,46372,72772,96273,25573,50873,71273,924

74,300

i, seasonally adjusted

5,2595,2725,2695,2785,3015,2955,3025,2825,3175,3275,3425,345

5,377

5,6865,6975,7145,7335,7485,7685,7735,7915,8055,8305,8335,845

5,867

17,09017,16017,24917,28017,39217,42517,45317,51417,53917,61017,64017,715

17,922

5,7905,8095,8355,8585,8885,9065,9325,9595,9876,0116,0486,069

6,104

21,38221,48021,64421,72321,81321,85621,92622,07322,15522,24422,36522,438

22,552

2,8362,8342,8502,8592,8732,8722,8782,8862,9042,8922,9042,911

2,910

3,7303,7333,7443,7493,7593,7653,7883,7893,8183,8273,8333,829

3,821

()0

()01

ooo1

3,8194,0714,2324,366

4,5474,7084,8815,1215,3925,7006,0806,3716,6606,904

7,1587,4377,7908,1468,4078,7588,8659,0239,4469,633

9,7659,6199,4589,4349,4659,640

9,5349,5449,5499,5509,5819,5769,6759,6689,7309,7679,7479,772

9,747

1 Not available.2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an

increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959benchmark month.

P = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1984benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusteddata (beginning April 1984) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January1981) are subject to revision.

49


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

10101102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142144147

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

Dec.1984

96,719

80,421

971

50.67.9

14.5

183.9181.0

630.4262.0368.4

106.534.733.220.3

4,418

1,183.0587.058.9

537.1

732.1223.7508.4

2,503.2581.1153.3473.7395.4145.9193.5

19,557

11,679

695.386.3

199.4163.231.8

219.182.258.723.336.240.471.050.479.1

All

Jan.1985

95,034

78,942

965

49.67.6

14.0

188.3185.4

626.3263.0363.3

100.831.531.320.3

4,138

1,119.8551.6

58.6509.6

665.4183.2482.2

2,352.8567.7142.8461.1366.0142.8170.5

19,403

11,602

679.181.1

195.3159.431.6

216.780.858.123.436.240.867.148.378.1

employees

Nov.1985

99,590

82,827

959

46.89.1

13.0

190.2188.0

608.2260.9347.3

113.737.837.120.1

4,906

1,304.8641.2

62.3601.3

804.0272.5531.5

2,797.4633.3174.8508.2460.6165.3206.4

19,430

11,532

709.884.2

196.5160.930.8

232.087.663.123.637.541.875.453.979.9

Dec.1985P

99,712

82,983

951

46.17.9

13.5

187.0184.9

609.2261.3347.9

108.235.634.220.0

4,704

1,264.2615.562.1

586.6

735.7233.9501.8

2,704.4628.2164.0511.5440.2162.2198.5

19,387

11,513

700.880.2

194.9159.331.0

231.087.163.423.937.542.373.052.079.4

Jan.1986P

98,170

81,703

942

--

-

602.7--

---

4,490

1,226.9_--

--

---_

-

19,268

11,452

691.9--_--__--__--

Production workers1

Dec.1984

-

65,235

691

36.75.7

10.0

147.3144.8

425.7121.2304.5

80.827.6--

3,437

877.7422.6

31.0424.1

595.3183.7411.6

1,963.8429.1126.8363.0337.8109.9157.4

13,358

7,828

579.466.5

176.8145.327.8

182.466.548.220.432.934.153.840.065.8

Jan.1985

-

63,765

683

36.15.59.9

151.8149.2

419.5120.9298.6

75.124.4_-

3,168

817.3390.830.4

396.1

530.4144.5385.9

1,820.1416.1115.8351.7308.5105.7133.9

13,223

7,759

566.462.9

172.5141.327.6

180.966.247.320.433.034.350.738.465.1

Nov.1985

-

67,193

683

34.26.89.6

155.5153.9

407.1122.2284.9

86.430.8--

3,869

981.1469.3

32.7479.1

666.3228.1438.2

2,221.3471.4145.2394.1395.6126.1168.7

13,219

7,655

596.269.8

173.6142.627.0

193.270.851.420.834.535.257.742.866.7

Dec.1985P

-

67,317

676

33.55.8

10.0

152.4150.8

409.0123.5285.5

81.028.4

-

3,673

940.2444.4

32.6463.2

601.4190.4411.0

2,131.6466.0135.0396.7375.4122.3160.6

13,179

7,634

588.667.2

172.0141.027.1

191.870.051.821.034.535.755.641.366.3

Jan.1986"

-

66,024

668

_--

_

-

--

_---

3,456

_---

__

--

-_-

13,075

7,581

579.8-

---

-

___-

Total .

Total private.

Mining

Metal mining ...Iron oresCopper ores.

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids...Oil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .Crushed and broken stoneSand and gravelChemical and fertilizer minerals ....

Construction.

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway.

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .Electrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing ....

Durable goods.

Lumber and wood productsLogging camps and logging contractorsSawmills and planing mills

Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring

Millwork, plywood, and structural members .MillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood

Wood containersWood buildings and mobile homes

Mobile homesMiscellaneous wood products


50


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1972SICCode

252512511251225142515252253254259

3232132232213229323324325326327327132723273329329132923296

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,534293433432343334434413442344334443446

Dec.1984

501.4300.5133.894.130.028.568.227.368.137.3

593.215.895.449.246.249.524.637.639.3

200.117.868.094.8119.522.712.228.1

833.5310.3244.023.2145.391.510.829.250.626.4194.427.332.082.787.653.6

1,489.356.044.6150.849.587.762.824.329.0

445.282.684.3101.6114.628.2

All

Jan.1985

498.4298.4132.893.230.128.368.627.367.137.0

578.415.894.749.245.549.224.336.838.8190.217.065.787.8117.522.612.027.1

840.8313.4247.023.5148.894.311.129.550.426.4195.627.032.082.787.853.8

1,475.654.843.8148.949.486.961.324.128.4

438.580.883.1101.0112.228.6

employees

Nov.1985

502.1294.9131.395.027.327.970.128.168.440.6

606.715.192.849.942.953.423.638.337.9

218.519.174.0104.8115.621.310.827.6

795.8294.0230.123.1141.088.310.128.543.223.4188.624.531.179.285.352.1

1,472.254.443.7145.447.684.465.224.331.0

451.480.291.2100.3114.128.6

Dec.1985P

503.9296.1131.195.129.127.670.528.368.340.7

595.715.192.349.742.652.923.338.537.8

209.218.772.097.9115.321.110.927.4

800.1297.5233.623.2141.288.710.228.242.723.0189.524.631.180.185.151.9

1,464.353.843.3145.247.584.064.924.430.8

445.278.690.199.2112.528.3

Jan.1986P

500.0____

_

_-

586.0

-

-____

_-

797.0293.9__-__-

_

1,451.5_

-

-_

-

_

Production workers

Dec.1984

402.7252.4116.777.524.621.652.521.050.426.4

454.312.680.443.437.034.719.129.031.2154.112.050.976.084.115.29.3-

630.2236.6187.716.9

114.874.67.9

21.936.420.2138.220.623.559.670.543.8

1,101.047.338.5111.636.466.245.218.519.4

307.958.761.661.184.520.1

Jan.1985

400.1250.6116.076.824.721.453.021.049.526.0

440.712.679.843.436.434.718.828.230.7145.111.348.969.582.015.19.2-

637.6240.0190.817.2

117.877.18.1

22.136.620.2139.120.523.659.670.644.0

1,088.746.437.9111.036.566.143.417.918.9

301.557.160.161.082.520.0

Nov.1985

401.4247.5114.478.522.221.354.121.650.228.0

467.511.879.444.634.837.418.429.630.0170.913.156.785.081.014.18.1-

603.7226.2179.816.8

111.172.07.3

21.230.817.6

134.218.922.157.068.942.8

1,087.546.538.1107.635.063.646.617.721.3

317.156.967.863.184.620.8

Dec.1985P

403.2248.8114.578.423.921.154.421.750.328.0

456.811.878.744.334.436.918.229.929.8161.812.654.978.180.813.98.1-

607.6229.5183.016.9

111.772.67.4

21.030.217.0

134.919.022.057.868.742.5

1,081.045.737.6107.435.163.146.417.921.1

312.255.466.663.283.020.6

Jan.1986P

399.0_-

-

448.1

-

___

_

_

__

605.2226.8__

__

_

1,072.3_-

_

_____

_

-

Durable goods—ContinuedFurniture and fixtures

Household furnitureWood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown

Glass containersPressed and blown glass, nee

Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products

Concrete block and brickConcrete products, neeReady-mixed concrete

Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos productsMineral wool

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products

Blast furnaces and steel millsSteel pipe and tubes

Iron and steel foundriesGray iron foundriesMalleable iron foundriesSteel foundries, nee

Primary nonferrous metalsPrimary aluminum

Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating

Nonferrous foundriesAluminum foundries

Fabricated metal productsMetal cans and shipping containers

Metal cansCutlery, hand tools, and hardware

Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and bladesHardware, nee

Plumbing and heating, except electricPlumbing fittings and brass goodsHeating equipment, except electric

Fabricated structural metal productsFabricated structural metalMetal doors, sash, and trimFabricated plate work (boiler shops)Sheet metal workArchitectural metal work


51




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Production workers1

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Durable goods—ContinuedFabricated metal products—Continued

Screw machine products, bolts, etcScrew machine productsBolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

Metal forgings and stampingsIron and steel forgingsAutomotive stampingsMetal stampings, nee

Metal services, neePlating and polishingMetal coating and allied services

Ordnance and accessories, neeAmmunition, except for small arms, nee

Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittingsMisc. fabricated wire products

Machinery, except electricalEngines and turbines

Turbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee

Farm and garden machineryFarm machinery and equipment

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipment ...Industrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machineryMachine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven hand tools

Special industry machineryFood products machineryTextile machineryPrinting trades machinery

General industrial machineryPumps and pumping equipmentBall and roller bearingsAir and gas compressorsBlowers and fansSpeed changers, drives, and gearsPower transmission equipment, nee

Office and computing machinesElectronic computing equipment

Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment ....

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .Machinery, except electrical, nee

Electrical and electronic equipmentElectric distributing equipment

TransformersSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus .

Electrical industrial apparatusMotors and generatorsIndustrial controls

Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersHousehold laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans

3453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

363613612361336236213622363363236333634

99.347.851.5

256.335.0

103.0107.6109.775.234.578.142.6

231.187.851.5

2,237.3115.335.779.6

107.182.1

262.491.022.367.129.727.2

316.657.619.9

138.957.025.3

171.839.219.531.3

278.652.748.726.432.821.618.2

533.2468.9174.3121.4278.0

35.4242.6

2,253.2117.855.362.5

205.1100.565.9

144.625.121.,40.6

99.147.651.5

255.634.1

103.8107.0108.674.833.877.842.4

231.088.051.7

2,223.4114.235.279.0

105.179.3

257.786.822.367.229.726.5

316.357.319.9

139.457.125.2

170.739.119.331.3

279.352.649.526.032.821.518.2

526.3464.4176.1123.0277.7

35.5242.2

2,247.3116.154.661.5

204.1100.664.8

144.827.121.638.8

96.545.451.1

245.830.6

103.4101.3109.474.435.080.346.0

223.885.852.1

2,134.9105.235.270.0

104.077.2

247.885.321.260.629.825.3

310.856.619.3

138.356.223.1

164.538.617.830.4

267.350.346.025.431.320.517.2

488.8427.2168.8115.8277.733.3

244.4

2,182.3114.253.460.8

194.196.;61.9

143.926.522.037.8

96.445.451.0

245.930.8

103.3101.2109.974.935.079.546.3

223.585.752.1

2,136.5105.635.470.2

105.076.9

247.285.021.160.329.925.5

310.656.619.3

138.556.122.8

165.338.917.930.4

267.950.245.725.731.520.517.2

488.3427.1169.0116.3277.6

33.1244.5

2,184.7114.953.761.

193.896.162.0

142.527.i21.936.8

2,131.4

2,186.7

76.138.937.2

206.127.188.183.088.161.226.950.627.7

168.159.339.5

1,355.472.418.653.871.652.4

164.657.613.743.415.918.3

227.236.212.4

109.040.318.1

103.224.113.118.5

178.531.036.414.720.414.712.8

204.9172.2120.585.0

212.528.9

183.6

1,369.585.140.045.1

144.677.940.0

113.318.716.631.7

75.938.637.3

205.626.588.982.387.160.926.250.227.5

167.659.339.5

1,344.371.718.353.469.249.4

160.654.113.743.316.017.8

226.936.012.3

109.240.418.0

102.524.112.918.5

178.830.937.214.620.114.712.7

200.9169.4121.986.3

211.828.9

182.9

1,364.083.839.544.3

144.178.039.4

11420.817.130.1

73.636.836.8

197.323.389.077.387.660.227.449.927.7

161.357.339.8

1,279.965.518.646.971.450.7

152.451.913.337.916.017.2

221.535.611.8

107.439.116.798.223.611.917.8

169.729.933.814.619.314.311.7

173.0143.1117.382.3

210.926.8

184.1

1,274.581.939.142.8

135.774.437.0

112.720.217.429.1

73.236.636.6

197.423.688.877.488.060.727.349.528.4

161.257.339.7

1,280.765.618.547.172.450.5

152.452.013.237.816.017.3

221.835.611.8

108.039.016.698.924.012.017.8

169.729.633.414.819.314.311.7

170.7140.9117.982.9

211.326.9

184.4

1,272.482.239.243.0

135.674.337.1

111.420.817.427.9

1,277.1

1,275.8






(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

oooe

36436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

Dec.1984

203.729.085.517.827.389.371.0

641.2145.8495.4694.642.2

288.2281.6156.929.165.9

1,968.5889.7410.5

37.2396.3

29.6619.7320.5146.0153.2194.0148.645.435.1

165.3127.751.020.1

723.981.9

257.646.157.1

111.934.7

170.281.973.840.2

124.514.8

383.757.038.316.4

108.952.556.432.240.822.7

128.453.7

All

Jan.1985

202.629.084.717.827.187.270.5

645.5146.9498.6691.142.5

288.0279.3155.928.665.9

1,964.9879.4405.0

36.1394.528.1

624.2322.2147.5154.5194.3148.046.335.0

166.8128.850.920.0

721.181.6

258.546.157.3

112.734.9

169.181.872.840.2

122.514.3

373.355.336.916.4

104.848.756.131.938.621.4

126.353.1

employees

Nov.1985

198.227.779.917.728.084.767.0

665.4129.3536.1631.541.7

266.2255.6150.329.963.4

2,021.2871.4402.9

36.7389.127.4

672.0351.6153.8166.6191.2144.946.333.6

185.9143.253.421.3

724.083.5

254.944.355.6

111.634.2

175.084.975.139.1

124.013.3

382.858.239.415.9

107.453.753.731.941.422.3

128.053.1

Dec.1985P

198.327.879.817.927.583.166.4

668.6128.3540.3631.6

41.6266.9255.0151.930.164.9

2,027.4876.7407.5

36.8389.4

27.6672.4353.5150.9168.0190.3144.046.333.2

187.3144.453.921.8

725.683.8

254.944.555.2

111.734.0

175.985.175.639.5

124.213.3

374.157.138.416.1

102.548.653.931.739.421.3

127.352.9

Jan.1986P

_-

_

2,019.0868.9

_-

_

_

_

723.1_

365.7_

_

Production workers

Dec.1984

148.725.256.912.720.761.848.4

293.994.4

199.5410.6

26.0123.1198.5111.522.851.3

1,256.6690.3306.5

29.2318.7

22.8295.4132.075.787.7

145.2108.636.624.157.643.134.215.8

401.037.5

145.829.228.361.118.4

102.345.748.226.859.310.9

277.939.626.712.879.836.543.321.831.217.492.738.2

Jan.1985

147.825.256.312.720.458.546.5

295.595.7

199.8408.7

26.2123.9196.6111.422.551.3

1,252.0680.8301.2

28.2317.3

21.4298.1132.477.188.6

145.9108.537.424.058.443.834.416.0

398.037.5

145.429.028.460.918.4

102.246.047.826.557.710.3

266.837.825.312.874.932.142.821.529.016.190.837.5

Nov.1985

144.023.952.112.821.758.345.7

286.677.0

209.6349.024.799.5

174.6106.323.848.1

1,277.5676.9304.5

28.5311.421.1

323.8148.178.896.9

142.0105.136.923.765.149.036.316.7

389.534.6

140.228.228.156.917.0

104.747.248.926.257.1

9.7

276.839.827.012.678.837.541.321.232.117.392.337.4

Dec.1985P

143.723.851.912.821.356.945.8

287.576.1

211.4347.624.499.4

173.5107.523.949.4

1,285.2683.7310.028.5

312.221.5

323.4148.277.697.6

141.7104.737.023.366.349.737.317.1

390.335.2

140.428.528.256.716.8

105.247.449.126.157.19.5

267.738.826.012.873.231.841.421.030.316.591.637.5

Jan.1986P

-_

-__

_

_

1,277.5674.4

-__

387.5_

-

259.1_

-_

Durable goods—ContinuedElectrical and electronic equipment—Continued

Electric lighting and wiring equipmentElectric lampsCurrent-carrying wiring devicesNoncurrent-carrying wiring devicesResidential lighting fixtures

Radio and TV receiving equipmentRadio and TV receiving sets

Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment

Electronic components and accessoriesElectronic tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and suppliesStorage batteriesEngine electrical equipment

Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles and equipment

Motor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers

Aircraft and partsAircraftAircraft engines and engine partsAircraft equipment, nee

Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMiscellaneous transportation equipment

Travel trailers and campers

Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instrumentsMeasuring and controlling devices

Environmental controlsProcess control instrumentsInstruments to measure electricity

Optical instruments and lensesMedical instruments and supplies

Surgical and medical instrumentsSurgical appliances and supplies

Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, and watchcases

Miscellaneous manufacturingJewelry, silverware, and plated ware

Jewelry, precious metalMusical instrumentsToys and sporting goods

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles..Sporting and athletic goods, nee

Pens, pencils, office, and art suppliesCostume jewelry and notions

Costume jewelryMiscellaneous manufactures

Signs and advertising displays


53




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

oode

202012011201320162022022202620320322033203720420412048205205120522062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

2222\222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339

Dec.1984

7,8781,616.8

368.3149.773.6

124.6160.738.287.0

218.625.868.147.9

129.024.146.6

208.4165.343.1

111.929.161.839.2

211.539.9

127.9169.2

69.446.6

722.8114.596.817.823.3

195.632.033.363.226.023.966.325.523.354.0

101.369.415.953.2

1,172.672.6

331.896.065.395.9

372.958.0

109.549.7

155.7

All

Jan.1985

7,8011,584.0

360.0148.872.3

118.7158.937.486.6

208.225.162.844.6

128.624.046.4

206.2162.543.7

108.428.658.738.4

209.439.1

127.4165.9

68.745.7

715.5113.296.617.623.0

192.232.133.060.626.123.365.225.322.553.8

100.769.215.753.2

1,163.171.0

331.094.365.097.5

371.958.0

109.247.9

156.8

employees

Nov.1985

7,8981,654.2

378.7150.074.1

133.2162.639.488.0

234.827.574.851.3

126.724.045.6

211.8166.845.0

116.029.265.538.1

213.640.0

129.0171.9

66.745.1

701.7104.489.216.321.3

197.333.432.963.725.724.564.124.422.557.4

100.069.415.551.7

1,165.567.9

336.393.166.0

105.0372.4

59.2106.652.3

154.3

Dec.1985P

7,8741,639.2

380.1151.974.0

132.3163.339.688.6

219.026.766.845.8

127.324.245.7

211.5166.345.2

114.228.863.538.1

213.339.9

128.9172.4

67.745.0

701.6104.589.216.521.2

196.433.432.363.125.524.864.524.622.557.3

100.369.615.451.7

1,160.668.3

337.093.265.9

104.7368.5

58.7105.249.1

155.5

Jan.1986P

7,8161,599.2

_-

_--_--____-

-

_

-__

-

67.4-

699.5_

__

_-_-

-

_

1,157.8_

_

_

-

Dec.1984

5,5301,123.1

310.1124.453.6

113.892.328.441.4

177.618.453.642.188.014.929.7

124.289.834.487.923.350.329.388.424.640.6

125.3

53.034.4

623.7102.485.914.919.7

169.728.629.954.022.420.356.021.519.443.889.562.114.141.8

988.963.7

286.283.357.181.9

311.848.892.440.5

130.1

Production workers

Jan.1985

5,4641,092.8

301.0122.752.4

107.892.128.641.1

167.017.748.238.587.514.729.6

123.088.134.984.622.847.628.786.824.140.2

122.1

52.733.9

617.6101.385.814.819.6

166.928.829.652.122.419.754.621.318.643.589.162.113.842.0

980.262.4

285.481.956.683.7

310.448.692.138.9

130.8

Nov.1985

5,5641,161.0

321.2125.554.7

122.195.830.542.5

192.019.560.545.186.216.028.8

127.090.636.492.123.154.528.190.925.641.5

127.7

50.533.1

606.394.279.113.818.3

171.629.729.356.021.421.053.720.718.346.988.662.513.740.1

984.059.1

292.280.657.892.3

310.449.589.543.2

128.2

Dec.1985P

5,5451,145.5

322.6127.454.4

121.296.330.742.9

175.918.752.739.486.716.229.0

126.890.236.690.723.252.528.290.025.141.5

128.3

51.232.9

606.594.379.313.818.2

170.729.728.855.121.321.354.120.818.447.089.162.613.740.0

977.459.0

291.880.457.891.7

306.448.988.140.4

129.0

Jan.1986P

5,4941,110.6

_-_--

-

_

_

_

__

_

-

50.7-

604.7__

_-_-

-

974.7_

_

_

_

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products

Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry dressing plants

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables

Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee

Bakery productsBread, cake, and related productsCookies and crackers

Sugar and confectionery productsCane and beet sugarConfectionery products

Fats and oilsBeverages

Malt beveragesBottled and canned soft drinks

Misc. food and kindred products

Tobacco manufacturesCigarettes

Textile mill products ...Weaving mills, cottonWeaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socksHosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsCircular knit fabric mills

Textile finishing, except woolFinishing plants, cottonFinishing plants, synthetics

Floor covering millsYarn and thread mills

Yarn mills, except woolThrowing and winding mills

Miscellaneous textile goods

Apparel and other textile productsMen's and boys' suits and coatsMen's and boys' furnishings

Men's and boys' shirts and nightwearMen's and boys' separate trousersMen's and boys' work clothing

Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and waistsWomen's and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee


54





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

uode

234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

272712722732731273227427527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

Dec.1984

82.166.215.963.027.144.4

185.227.052.536.8

682.8201.8176.857.0

227.259.626.450.6

196.842.0

102.123.4

1,405.3450.5108.3105.279.026.267.5

480.2159.9294.248.371.249.4

1,050.9143.994.7

172.975.167.3

206.6167.1148.741.968.937.961.6

164.831.4

133.459.792.7

183.6147.924.9

All

Jan.1985

82.667.115.562.426.642.6

181.626.450.536.8

678.5200.3175.957.5

225.858.826.350.5

194.941.4

101.523.5

1,401.4448.0109.8105.579.526.067.4

477.6158.5293.048.370.449.7

1,043.9142.393.6

172.674.866.5

205.0166.1145.641.365.738.661.3

165.031.5

133.560.391.8

181.3147.023.4

employees

Nov.1985

83.568.115.462.626.842.1

181.926.352.535.4

687.6199.6174.055.7

235.559.427.451.2

196.842.0

102.124.3

1,446.3462.5109.5105.379.525.873.8

499.9165.6307.248.069.952.6

1,030.7140.892.1

165.273.262.0

203.5165.2146.541.166.538.962.2

162.930.3

132.658.191.5

169.7131.727.3

Dec.1985P

82.466.815.663.927.540.7

181.026.251.435.7

685.3199.3173.555.9

234.659.727.051.5

195.541.6

101.724.1

1,451.0463.8108.8107.580.926.674.5

500.6165.6307.748.170.952.3

1,029.5140.591.7

164.673.161.6

204.2165.6147.041.167.238.762.2

161.830.5

131.358.091.2

167.2131.425.2

Jan.1986P

_-

-_--

682.5_

_

1,447.7-

1,027.6_

165.6_

Production workers1

Dec.1984

68.656.711.952.923.936.6

152.322.244.730.4

513.5150.8130.843.6

167.438.720.639.8

151.733.276.919.2

774.7171.625.451.530.421.136.7

348.6118.2209.533.658.136.0

578.772.649.4

113.744.247.392.875.394.727.147.120.529.684.619.465.237.053.7

108.283.218.4

Jan.1985

69.357.611.752.723.634.8

149.021.742.730.4

511.2150.8131.244.2

166.137.920.539.5

150.132.776.319.2

770.5169.825.751.830.821.036.5

346.7116.7209.3

33.756.736.6

575.772.449.5

114.344.147.293.075.491.326.343.821.229.484.919.765.237.752.7

107.483.717.0

Nov.1985

70.158.511.652.823.634.8

149.621.144.829.3

521.1152.5132.042.7

173.337.021.040.2

152.633.477.220.2

798.7174.030.052.732.120.639.2

364.9121.5222.1

33.455.938.5

569.470.848.2

110.143.843.894.475.993.026.845.021.229.682.919.963.035.752.9

104.977.920.8

Dec.1985P

68.957.411.553.924.233.8

148.620.943.729.8

520.0152.4131.643.1

172.237.420.740.5

152.333.177.220.0

806.3175.030.855.934.621.339.8

366.0121.3223.3

33.757.038.5

569.871.048.3

109.843.743.695.276.392.826.645.420.829.483.120.163.035.852.7

103.678.718.8

Jan.1986P

-

519.0_

-

_-

802.1-

568.0-

102.6-

Nondurable goods—ContinuedApparel and other textile products—Continued

Women's and children's undergarmentsWomen's and children's underwearBrassieres and allied garments

Children's outerwearChildren's dresses and blouses

Misc. apparel and accessoriesMisc. fabricated textile products

Curtains and draperiesHouse furnishings, neeAutomotive and apparel trimmings

Paper and allied productsPaper and pulp millsPaper mills, except building paperPaperboard millsMisc. converted paper products

Paper coating and glazingEnvelopesBags, except textile bags

Paperboard containers and boxesFolding paperboard boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containers

Printing and publishingNewspapersPeriodicalsBooks

Book publishingBook printing

Miscellaneous publishingCommercial printing

Commercial printing, letterpressCommercial printing, lithographic

Manifold business formsBlankbooks and bookbindingPrinting trade services

Chemicals and allied productsIndustrial inorganic chemicals

Industrial inorganic chemicals, neePlastics materials and synthetics

Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, rioncellulosic

DrugsPharmaceutical preparations

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsToilet preparationsPolishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations

Paints and allied productsIndustrial organic chemicals

Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...

Agricultural chemicalsMiscellaneous chemical products

Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials


55




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Production workers1

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedRubber and misc. plastics products

Tires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose

and beltingFabricated rubber products, neeMiscellaneous plastics products

Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber

Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

Handbags and personal leather goods .

Transportation and public utilities .

Transportation

Railroad transportation.Class I railroads2

Local and interurban passenger transit.Local and suburban transportationTaxicabsIntercity highway transportationSchool buses

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminals .Public warehousing

Water transportationLocal water transportationWater transportation services

Transportation by airAir transportationAir transportation services .

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

Transportation services....Freight forwarding

Communication and public utilitiesCommunication

Telephone communicationRadio and television broadcasting

Radio broadcastingTelevision broadcasting

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .Electric servicesGas production and distribution ....Combination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipment .

Automobiles and other motor vehiclesAutomotive parts and supplies

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

404011

41411412413415

42421,3422

44445446

45451,2458

46

47471

4848148348324833

49491492493495

5050150125013

794.295.015.0

21.1109.7553.4

180.015.8

107.745.140.313.123.8

5,272

3,034

353.3327.8

279.885.339.036.398.3

1,390.61,287.4

103.2

208.627.7

115.6

512.9451.661.3

18.9

269.564.;

2,2381,336.4

938.8233.8111.122.6

901.9447.3171.1198.6

59,

5,673

3,347428107.6287.4

789.595.014.5

21.0109.0550.0

175.215.3

105.544.540.013.022.5

5,185

2,953

348.4323.0

279.685.639.036.198.9

1,324.41,226.1

98.

195.626.4

105.6

514.3454.1

60.;

18.8

271.764.4

2,23;1,330.5

933.5233.1110.122.4

901.8447.9170.8198.060.5

5,648

3,342428.5108.2287.2

799.389.412.9

20.0109.0568.0

176.615.0

105.241.840.513.024.0

5,366

3,128

334.8311.9

284.690.938.234.997.3

1,430.71,323.2

107.5

215.528.8

118.0

554.9491.7

63.

18.9

288.571.7

2,2381,318.4

903.237.6112.124.9

919.4454.4170.6202.7

65.3

5,853

3,467433.8110.4290.8

798.788.612.9

20.1109.1568.0

173.214.6

104.442.340.412.822.6

5,372

3,135

322.5300.3

284.090.738.234.797.7

1,448.71,344.2

104.5

211.328.5

114.0

561.4497.1

64.3

18.8

288.772.1

2,231,317.6

901238.6113.1125.5

919.454.4170.1202.9

66.1

5,85;

3,470432,110.5289.6

801.1

167.3

5,303

3,066

617.166.912.8

13.884.2

439.4

148.712.991.236.235.5

9.519.1

4,359

258.778.1

33.2

1,217.21,129.7

87.5

611.766.912.3

13.883.4

435.3

144.612.589.135.835.1

9.517.9

4,278

258.678.5

33.0

1,151.71,068.8

82.9

2,237

5,829

3,468

13.4

1,016.6700.5189.5

716.8348.8134.6161.152.0

4,578

2,683344.1

13.3

1,013.;697.!188.8

717.0349.5133.8160.53.0

4,554

2,675345

620.261.811.0

13.483.6

450.4

147.612.589.834.135.7

9.719.7

4,452

265.383.6

32.5

1,247.01,156.0

91.0

13.6

1,004.6671.5194.1

731.352.133.167.

57.

4,726

2,776350

621.461.911.0

13.683.7

451.2

143.712.188.834.535.4

9.518.1

4,457

623.7

138.3

4,392

264.583.4

32.3

1,264.01,175.8

88.2

13.6

1,003.3668195.3

731.9353.,133,166.557.4

4,723

2,777349.1

4,696


56





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

5025021502350350315039504505506506350645065507507250745085081508250835084508550865095093

5151151251351451415147514851651751715172518518151825195191

52521525

53531533539

54541542545546

55551,2553554

Dec.1984

130.354.575.8

204.393.4

110.973.8

138.9493.5274.067.6

151.9255.3

86.0104.8

1,430.1504.679.7

133.3318.2133.7159.5192.292.7

2,326179.0161.5184.4732.0232.6

66.089.0

133.1206.486.8

119.6156.895.960.9

419.8151.6

17,611

665.5343.6160.1

2,628.12,222.3

249.2156.6

2,803.22,427.7

63.045.1

164.4

1,844.9867.8300.4600.4

All

Jan.1985

127.854.473.4

203.292.2

111.072.2

139.1494.6274.266.8

153.6255.1

86.1104.6

1,430.2504.3

79.5131.1320.1133.5160.3191.293.1

2,306179.5159.6182.1727.2233.565.887.9

132.6207.4

86.5120.9153.394.558.8

415.4150.6

16,842

638.2335.0156.5

2,405.42,044.1

221.9139.4

2,741.62,407.4

60.537.6

156.0

1,838.4870.8296.9595.4

employees

Nov.1985

134.956.978.0

217.198.3

118.877.0

142.2497.7276.8

68.3152.6267.9

89.8110.6

1,499.1534.984.3

133.2332.5137.8168.8196.893.7

2,386186.6164.0192.3756.5244.4

68.783.6

131.5208.487.6

120.8159.298.560.7

433.9157.1

17,922

673.0356.3160.4

2,508.62,116.2

238.4154.0

2,902.02,535.1

64.541.6

169.9

1,914.3913.2305.8616.1

Dec.1985P

135.757.378.4

217.298.8

118.477.1

142.0499.5278.5

68.5152.5267.5

89.8110.4

1,502.7536.483.9

131.7333.8138.3169.9196.193.0

2,382187.6164.1191.8758.5246.269.083.4

132.0208.5

87.2121.3159.898.461.4

429.3153.6

18,317

665.7351.7160.9

2,671.42,248.8

254.6168.0

2,942.62,559.2

66.845.4

171.5

1,909.8912.2303.5616.0

Jan.1986P

--__-

_

2,361-

-

-

-

-

17,653

_

2,485.2-

-

2,901.9__

1,914.8---

Production workers1

Dec.1984

110.4--

169.3__61.9

111.4390.9

_

_207.2

__

1,129.4__

_158.1

-

1,895145.5134.5137.7629.8

_

-94.1

155.0__

131.2_-

340.5-

15,823

563.2292.4136.1

2,475.92,107.5

230.2138.2

2,605.62,267.8

-148.3

1,549.4716.9252.7519.9

Jan.1985

107.6_-

167.9_-60.3

111.9389.9

_

_206.1

__

1,129.1__

_156.8

-

1,879146.1133.3136.1625.1

_

-94.7

155.4_-

127.4_-

336.4-

15,049

536.7283.9132.6

2,255.91,932.0

203.0120.9

2,533.42,235.6

_140.3

1,535.8719.6240.2517.0

Nov.1985

112.9_-

181.1_-64.8

114.1386.1

_-_

215.9__

1,189.0_

_

_161.7

-

1,950151.9136.4145.6650.1

_

-94.6

158.7__

132.0_-

352.8-

16,046

568.7303.8134.6

2,372.72,020.2

217.3135.2

2,690.72,362.8

_152.4

1,602.4755.8246.3537.1

Dec.1985P

113.8--

181.3_-64.7

113.8385.6

_

_217.0

__

1,190.2_

_

_161.3

-

1,946153.0136.6145.3651.2

_

-95.2

159.1_-

132.7

-348.2

-

16,423

564.1299.6135.4

2,532.42,150.9

233.1148.4

2J27.22,384.1

_153.5

1,597.7754.7243.5537.3

Jan.1986P

---_-_-__

_-_

_

__-

-

-

-

-

_

---

15,757

_--

_

--

____-

_-

Wholesale trade—ContinuedDurable goods—Continued

Furniture and home furnishingsFurnitureHome furnishings

Lumber and construction materialsLumber, plywood, and millworkConstruction materials, nee

Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goods

Electrical apparatus and equipmentElectrical appliances, TV and radiosElectronic parts and equipment

Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipmentHardwarePlumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....

Machinery, equipment, and suppliesCommercial machines and equipmentConstruction and mining machineryFarm machinery and equipmentIndustrial machinery and equipmentIndustrial suppliesProfessional equipment and supplies

Miscellaneous durable goodsScrap and waste materials

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related products

Groceries, general lineMeats and meat productsFresh fruits and vegetables

Chemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products

Petroleum bulk stations and terminalsPetroleum products, nee

Beer, wine, and distilled beveragesBeer and aleWines and distilled beverages

Miscellaneous nondurable goodsFarm supplies

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsHardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesMeat markets and freezer provisionersDairy products storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations


57




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

56561562565566

57571571257257357325733

58

5959159259459415942594359445947594959659615962598599

6060260226023,4603

6161261226123614615616

62621

67

63631632633636

64

Dec.1984

1,106.8125.3395.4235.4218.8

725.2410.0257.486.7

228.5158.969.6

5,488.6

2,348.6567.9132.8833.7139.276.674.3

179.8140.975.7

284.2146.782.4

111.3345.4

5,760

2,900

1,691.81,533.6

335.0379.8

76.6

721.9335.0189.4136.6209.045.8

108.2

342.9276.4

143.4

1,780

1,244.2533.4159.3471.0

46.1

535.3

All

Jan.1985

1,024.0114.6368.3209.4208.1

713.5401.1255.4

86.4226.0158.068.0

5,283.3

2,197.6560.4125.5731.6129.369.573.8

153.6124.172.2

260.9129.482.4

112.7333.4

5,739

2,902

1,687.91,534.1

334.9380.4

77.2

726.8336.5190.6136.9210.3

46.0109.1

343.3276.4

144.3

1,779

1,242.7532.1160.9469.5

45.6

536.6

employees

Nov.1985

1,083.6115.1404.1217.8209.7

773.1432.0270.489.0

252.1178.373.8

5,734.0

2,333.7580.2127.3814.2138.078.479.3

158.9133.381.8

278.2142.081.9

112.7343.8

6,026

3,032

1,730.41,567.4

341.7389.9

80.1

785.0354.8202.7142.7223.7

52.5130.4

364.0293.3

152.8

1,846

1,275.7539.4171.7479.3

49.5

570.3

Dec.1985P

1,154.9125.8424.4239.4220.3

794.6440.7273.2

90.3263.6186.677.0

5,749.8

2,428.3594.1129.8877.3151.984.081.0

174.8140.382.7

282.3141.582.1

115.8352.2

6,052

3,050

1,737.11,572.8

343.2391.2

80.7

792.3357.5204.6143.4225.4

53.5132.4

366.9295.5

153.8

1,854

1,279.6539.7173.0481.1

49.6

574.0

Jan.1986P

__-

____--

5,535.3

_

_

-_-_

__-_-

6,049

3,058

_

-

_

-

_

_

-

-

1,862

-__-

-

Dec.1984

948.1106.5340.7208.4179.7

610.0344.5

_74.3

191.2_

5,022.4

2,048.0499.6

_734.8

_

___

257.9_-93.4

289.5

4,267

1,244.21,120.0

-.

-

550.8258.0

.--

161.9._

_

-

-

845.2324.6128.3329.4

-

Production workers'

Jan.1985

868.296.8

314.1183.5169.7

598.7334.7

_73.6

190.4_-

4,821.7

1,898.1494.3

_630.8

_

___

235.9_-94.6

275.7

4,247

-

1,240.31,119.8

---

553.0259.1

_-

162.4_

-

847.0325.7129.8328.9

-

-

Nov.1985

922.996.9

347.9190.9170.3

653.6363.2

-75.4

215.0_

5,222.4

2,012.1505.5

_701.5

__-

_252.4

_-94.5

285.8

4,461

1,264.71,139.4

-

597.9272.0

--

174.7_

871.3330.7140.2334.7

-

Dec.1985P

992.4107.2368.3211.6180.8

674.5371.5

_76.7

226.3_-

5,232.9

2,101.4516.9

-760.8

_

_

_255.8

_-97.5

294.7

4,477

1,270.11,144.1

-

602.9274.3

--

175.8_

-

871.2330.1140.4334.6

-

-

Jan.1986P

-

___

_

-

-

_

_

_

__-

4,470

_

-

_

Retail trade—ContinuedApparel and accessory stores

Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .Women's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....Furniture and home furnishings stores .

Furniture storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Radio and television storesMusic stores

Eating and drinking places .

Miscellaneous retailDrug stores and proprietary storesLiquor storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores

Sporting goods and bicycle shopsBook storesStationery storesJewelry storesGift, novelty, and souvenir shopsSewing, needlework, and piece goods

Nonstore retailersMail order housesMerchandising machine operators

Fuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

Finance

BankingCommercial and stock savings banks

State banks, Federal ReserveState banks, not Federal Reserve ....

Mutual savings banks

Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associations

Federal savings and loan associations .State associations, insured

Personal credit institutionsBusiness credit institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security, commodity brokers, and services.Security brokers and dealers

Holding and other investment offices .

Insurance .

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insurance .Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..Title insurance

Insurance agents, brokers, and service.


58





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986"

Production workers1

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985"

Jan.1986P

Finance, insurance, and real estate—ContinuedReal estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Real estateReal estate operators and lessorsReal estate agents and managersSubdividers and developers

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

Services

Hotels and other lodging placesHotels, motels, and tourist courts

Personal servicesLaundry, cleaning, and garment servicesPhotographic studios, portraitBeauty shopsFuneral service and crematories

Business servicesAdvertising

Advertising agenciesCredit reporting and collectionMailing, reproduction, and stenographicServices to buildingsPersonnel supply services

Employment agenciesTemporary help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming and softwareData processing services

Miscellaneous business servicesResearch development laboratories, neeManagement and public relationsDetective and protective servicesEquipment rental and leasingPhotofinishing laboratories

Auto repair, services, and garagesAutomotive rentals, without driversAutomotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair servicesElectrical repair shops

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesMotion picture theaters

Amusement and recreation services

Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilities

Skilled nursing care facilitiesNursing and personal care, nee

HospitalsGeneral medical and surgical hospitalsPsychiatric hospitalsSpecialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric

Medical and dental laboratoriesOutpatient care facilities


65651653655

66

70701

72721722723726

7373173117327337347367361736273773727374

73973917392739373947395

75751753

76762

78781783

79

8080180280580518059806806280638069807808

1,080

1,064.7492.1423.2124.7

14.9

21,159

1,262.81,230.2

1,060.8376.0

59.2338.3

73.8

4,277.4189.1141.183.5

174.7630.2890.5176.9675.7500.8175.2246.4

1,800.3201.1485.9410.3165.280.9

701.4138.6437.8

325.897.2

230.2112.4105.8

729.8

6,141.7928.1436.7

1,162.4749.7412.7

2,957.92,780.3

52.5125.1112.0199.4

1,058

1,043.3476.3420.4122.0

15.1

21,022

1,238.81,209.3

1,096.7375.152.3

337.973.7

4,237.9190.2141.783.4

173.2628.1856.7176.2644.2507.4176.1252.4

1,791.1201.5479.5409.6160.881.5

705.2137.2440.9

324.796.3

222.5106.5103.9

713.4

6,154.4936.6438.2

1,166.4751.9414.5

2,954.82,776.5

52.9125.4111.6200.4

1,148

1,132.5508.2462.4135.8

15.2

22,365

1,340.71,305.7

1,147.8393.461.2

359.975.2

4,611.9192.4144.493.8

189.0675.6961.9196.9727.1569.1203.0274.9

1,921.8210.9528.3447.7166.387.0

740.2144.1462.2

344.6100.8

214.7102.6100.1

785.5

6,356.8992.7450.9

1,227.6792.1435.5

2,968.62,785.5

55.3127.8116.4225.4

1,148

1,132.1511.5464.9129.6

15.5

22,348

1,324.51,289.8

1,152.9394.3

59.9360.5

75.6

4,624.0191.8143.794.9

190.7673.9960.7191.3731.5576.8205.8278.8

1,926.9212.4523.4451.8167.086.3

744.8145.8461.5

346.6102.1

218.6103.8102.7

778.8

6,370.9993.5453.3

1,233.7795.9437.8

2,968.12,785.1

55.3127.7117.2227.0

1,129

22,169

4,570.7

18,722

1,107.9

335.5

307.3

3,735.3143.2

573.6

418.0

18,563

1,087.7

334.1

306.9

3,695.3144.3

572.6

425.5

19,737

1,174.5

352.3

325.2

4,020.0143.6

616.5

468.8

19,709

1,159.0

352.7

324.2

4,021.0142.8

615.3

474.5

19,510

6,391.1

590.6

363.1

273.2

198.694.7

654.0

5,491.4776.2386.3

1,052.3

2,700.1

594.3

366.4

272.0

190.889.1

627.9

5,497.3780.6387.0

1,054.9

2,698.1

622.0

384.1

289.2

181.784.7

688.7

5,661.3821.3398.4

1,108.4

2,707.7

626.0

383.8

289.9

185.185.5

687.1

5,676.9823.6402.1

1,113.6

2,707.7

59




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Production workers1

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.

Services—ContinuedLegal services

Educational servicesElementary and secondary schoolsColleges and universitiesCorrespondence and vocational schools .

Social servicesIndividual and family servicesJob training and related services .Residential care

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens .

Membership organizationsBusiness associationsLabor organizationsCivic and social associations .

Miscellaneous servicesEngineering and architectural services ..Noncommercial research organizations.Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .

81

82821822824

83832833836

84

86861863864

89891892893

Government.

Federal Government4.

Executive, by agency4

Department of DefensePostal Service5

Other executive agencies .LegislativeJudicial

Federal government, by industry:Manufacturing activities

Shipbuilding and repairingTransportation and public utilities, except Postal

ServiceServices

Hospitals

State governmentHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive,

legislative, and judicial functions

Local governmentTransportation and public utilitiesHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive,

legislative, and judicial functions

3731

806

80682

80682

670.6

1,331.0366.3830.763.1

1,285.5260.4195.9273.4

43.7

1,499.186.6136.7329.8

1,190.9662.6112.0393.0

16,298

2,824

2,768.5968.0723.8

1,076.738.517.0

137.583.7

39.5401.8241.2

3,794464.3

1,555.2

1,176.5

9,680495.2609.2

5,471.7

2,831.3

673.7

1,249.2365.9756.7

59.9

1,287.7262.1197.0274.1

42.3

1,477.285.5

132.8313.6

1,205.9663.7111.6407.1

16,092

2,812

2755.0966.4713.5

1075.139.417.1

137.883.8

39.4399.7241.2

3,695465.0

1,445.8

1,185.1

9,585496.6608.1

5,399.9

2,810.6

719.0

1,399.9383.6877.7

65.3

1,390.8283.1209.3293.0

45.5

1,505.389.5

145.3333.5

1,288.8725.6115.7422.4

16,763

2,884

2,827.2993.3759.0

1,074.938.518.0

135.580.4

37.9408.0245.3

3,937466.2

1,632.1

1,224.3

9,942511.5613.2

5,648.5

2,892.0

718.1

1,375.0383.7853.3

65.5

1,393.2282.7211.8295.3

45.4

1,506.790.2

147.2333.4

1,297.4728.8116.8426.8

16,729

2,899

132.779.4

37.6407.3245.8

3,902467.0

1,599.8

1,222.1

9,928511.8612.6

5,635.9

2,891.1

569.7 571.4 611.7 610.4

980.9559.7

309.1

992.3557.8

322.6

1,061.4617.1

328.5

1,068.7619.6

332.9

16,467

2,884

3,787

9,796

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 Beginning in January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads withoperating revenues of $50,000,000 or more.

3 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from thenonsupervisory count for all series in this division.

4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency andthe National Security Agency.

5 Includes rural mail carriers.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject torevision.

60


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES


B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

(In thousands)

Industry Oct.1984

Nov.1984

Sept.1985

Oct.1985

Nov.1985

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products ..Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities ...

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

42,946

34,873

6,971

121

439

6,411

3,099107149118105331495962342309182

3,3125272635195816458128529280112

35,975

1,426

1,616

8,765

3,468

12,627

8,073

9751,7245,374

43,356

35,169

6,943

123

436

6,384

3,099105152117105331495960343311180

3,2855102434895116358528529279111

36,413

1,427

1,621

9,021

3,483

12,674

8,187

9781,7425,467

44,225

36,224

6,965

126

479

6,360

3,030111152116103326462910366309175

3,3305542533794016860428927279106

37,260

1,491

1,673

9,153

3,664

13,278

8,0011,0141,7435,244

44,708

36,379

6,953

126

484

6,343

3,033110154116102326462907368308180

3,3105362533794116760528627280106

37,755

1,499

1,695

9,180

3,678

13,374

8,3291,0141,8255,490

45,102

36,656

6,941

126

484

6,331

3,034109154116103326461906371310179

3,2975202433793816861228527281106

38,161

1,498

1,694

9,392

3,710

13,421

8,4461,0171,8435,586

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject torevision.

161


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.p

1986

Jan.p

Total

Total private ...

Goods-producing .

MiningOil and gas extraction .

ConstructionGeneral building contractors

Manufacturing.

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steel products .Fabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products ...Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing.

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportationCommunication and public utilities .

Wholesale tradeDurable goodsNondurable goods.

Retail tradeGeneral merchandise storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service stations .Eating and drinking places

Finance, insurance, and real estate .FinanceInsuranceReal estate

ServicesBusiness servicesHealth services


96,419

80,319

25,112

974621

4,5341,219

19,604

11,702709499602844315

1,4862,2282,2521,974891723385

7,9021,633

67720

1,182683

1,4031,052185798179

71,307

5,2593,0152,244

5,6863,3582,328

17,0902,3412,7531,8555,559

5,7902,9101,7831,097

21,3824,2956,169

16,1002,8363,7309,534

96,591

80,480

25,062

976620

4,5251,214

19,561

11,675704498600840313

1,4832,2242,2481,972876725381

7,8861,633

66712

1,175682

1,4061,052184799177

71,529

5,2723,0292,243

5,6973,3672,330

17,1602,3432,7731,8655,588

5,8092,9191,7891,101

21,4804,3246,186

16,1112,8343,7339,544

96,910

80,767

25,056

977618

4,5531,223

19,526

11,651701499601832311

1,4802,2202,2431,969867727379

7,8751,638

66706

1,167682

1,4071,052183798176

71,854

5,2693,0282,241

5,7143,3772,337

17,2492,3492,7901,8735,615

5,8352,9331,7921,110

21,6444,3776,204

16,1432,8503,7449,549

97,120

80,962

25,090

982623

4,6411,233

19,467

11,608694497600823306

1,4792,2072,2231,982876726377

7,8591,630

66707

1,164681

1,4111,049182795174

72,030

5,2783,0372,241

5,7333,3882,345

17,2802,3482,7941,8845,642

5,8582,9411,7991,118

21,7234,4026,218

16,1582,8593,7499,550

97,421

81,208

25,066

982624

4,6581,234

19,426

11,586697493599819305

1,4772,2032,2161,981873723378

7,8401,634

66701

1,153682

1,4141,044181791174

72,355

5,3013,0572,244

5,7483,4022,346

17,3922,3712,8231,8905,660

5,8882,9561,8081,124

21,8134,4246,240

16,2132,8733,7599,581

97,473

81,260

25,010

974619

4,6381,223

19,398

11,560694494598815304

1,4722,1912,2051,990875725376

7,8381,644

66699

1,142684

1,4191,042180789173

72,463

5,2953,0522,243

5,7683,4142,354

17,4252,3612,8311,8955,692

5,9062,9681,8141,124

21,8564,4416,243

16,2132,8723,7659,576

97,707

81,366

24,980

969619

4,6601,228

19,351

11,509697494599806302

1,4672,1752,1901,985868724372

7,8421,630

65696

1,160684

1,4261,040178787176

72,727

5,3023,0602,242

5,7733,4262,347

17,4532,3442,8421,8955,728

5,9322,9841,8171,131

21,9264,4466,260

16,3412,8783,7889,675

97,977

81,634

25,015

965615

4,6881,242

19,362

11,519700499601798289

1,4672,1672,1941,995868725373

7,8431,638

64697

1,152683

1,4291,038176792174

72,962

5,2823,0382,244

5,7913,4342,357

17,5142,3542,8491,9025,725

5,9592,9981,8271,134

22,0734,4896,291

16,3432,8863,7899,668

98,217

81,765

24,962

962615

4,7211,252

19,279

11,449701494598795291

1,4622,1432,1751,986861722373

7,8301,633

65695

1,155681

1,4271,040170790174

73,255

5,3173,0782,239

5,8053,4422,363

17,5392,3562,8521,9065,740

5,9873,0111,8311,145

22,1554,5046,308

16,4522,9043,8189,730

98,559

82,073

25,051

960610

4,7531,262

19,338

11,493708496600799292

1,4652,1432,1792,008872722373

7,8451,636

64698

1,158682

1,4311,036170795175

73,508

5,3273,0872,240

5,8303,4542,376

17,6102,3652,8691,9125,758

6,0113,0231,8371,151

22,2444,5396,333

16,4862,8923,8279,767

98,801

82,317

25,089

954605

4,7541,269

19,381

11,512712497601804299

1,4662,1372,1802,017868723375

7,8691,638

65700

1,160688

1,4421,033169800174

73,712

5,3423,1062,236

5,8333,4642,369

17,6402,3672,8651,9145,774

6,0483,0381,8501,160

22,3654,5716,363

16,4842,9043,8339,747

99,069

82,557

25,145

953603

4,7611,272

19,431

11,536717500604811303

1,4632,1322,1852,023874725376

7,8951,652

64701

1,171685

1,4421,033169804174

73,924

5,3453,1102,235

5,8453,4702,375

17,7152,3622,8821,9165,802

6,0693,0531,8541,162

22,4384,6066,384

16,512,9113,8299,77;

99,635

83,157

25,335

951597

4,9181,335

19,466

11,550722500610800296

1,4622,1362,1912,027879725377

7,9161,649

65703

1,177687

1,4491,036169810171

74,300

5,3773,1292,248

5,8673,4852,382

17,9222,4182,9141,9325,821

6,1043,0671,8661,171

22,5524,6366,404

16,4782,9103,8219,747

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward aresubject to revision.

62


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1984

Nov. Dec.

1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products ...Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products ,

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities ...

Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services


42,832

34,869

6,911

123

436

6,352

3,088106151116105330494958343310175

3,2645002334694616358328629279109

35,921

1,419

1,604

8,799

3,491

12,645

7,963

9871,6855,291

42,919

34,975

6,932

123

436

6,373

3,097106151117105332494958348311175

3,2765072334594916358428830279108

35,987

1,422

1,609

8,794

3,510

12,708

7,944

9901,6855,269

43,089

35,118

6,937

125

440

6,372

3,098106152117106331494958350310174

3,2745082334494816358728729279106

36,152

1,431

1,614

8,840

3,527

12,769

7,971

9921,7025,277

43,220

35,234

6,917

125

442

6,350

3,085106152116106329493949351310173

3,2655082334094316358928629279105

36,303

1,439

1,619

8,878

3,540

12,841

7,986

9921,7105,284

43,390

35,388

6,909

126

445

6,338

3,080106152117106328491944352311173

3,2585092333793816359128629278104

36,481

1,444

1,627

8,907

3,564

12,937

8,002

9961,7195,287

43,493

35,477

6,902

126

455

6,321

3,064106151116105327487934356311171

3,2575082333693616459428729276104

36,591

1,459

1,637

8,931

3,579

12,969

8,0161,0001,7245,292

43,681

35,628

6,879

127

461

6,291

3,050106151115104327482928356310171

3,2415082333492416459628629274103

36,802

1,469

1,641

9,005

3,600

13,034

8,0531,0051,7355,313

43,720

35,686

6,875

126

464

6,285

3,042107151115104326478922359309171

3,2435142333391816659928629273102

36,845

1,468

1,654

9,029

3,612

13,048

8,0341,0041,7495,281

43,912

35,778

6,863

125

464

6,274

3,026107152115103324471915361309169

3,2485042233193016660228628274105

37,049

1,476

1,656

9,046

3,628

13,109

8,1341,0071,7665,361

44,093

35,944

6,877

125

469

6,283

3,032108154115102325466916364310172

3,2515072233292816660328528275105

37,216

1,475

1,661

9,077

3,652

13,202

8,1491,0121,7725,365

44,190

35,994

6,861

126

472

6,263

3,005108152114102323462903363308170

3,2585052333393216660628727275104

37,329

1,481

1,666

9,080

3,668

13,238

8,1961,0211,7805,395

44,385

36,176

6,884

127

480

6,277

3,016109153114102324463904366308173

3,2615082233493116660528627278104

37,501

1,486

1,675

9,125

3,685

13,321

8,2091,0231,7825,404

44,566

36,350

6,911

126

484

6,301

3,025110153115103325460905371309174

3,2765092333593416861128627280103

37,655

1,489

1,676

9,163

3,717

13,394

8,2161,0261,7825,408

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all

seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.

63


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1985

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.1

1986

Jan.p

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing


Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipment


Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

65,058

17,638

690

3,549

13,399

7,843595400463640242

1,0991,3461,3661,257

691399278

5,5561,138

51622998515773580111620148

47,420

4,344

4,589

15,278

4,298

18,911

65,177

17,578

692

3,539

13,347

7,806589399461636240

1,0971,3401,3571,251

677400276

5,5411,138

50614992514775580111621146

47,599

4,355

4,596

15,337

4,309

19,002

65,376

17,574

691

3,574

13,309

7,776585400462630237

1,0941,3351,3451,251

671399275

5,5331,143

49610986515111579110619145

47,802

4,358

4,610

15,391

4,328

19,115

65,571

17,597

699

3,649

13,249

7,730579397460621238

1,0931,3251,3221,264

682397212

5,5191,138

50611983513778578109615144

47,974

4,365

4,631

15,430

4,343

19,205

65,735

17,555

701

3,651

13,203

7,704580393460618234

1,0911,3231,3131,260

678394272

5,4991,141

49605970516780575108611144

48,180

4,385

4,644

15,521

4,364

19,266

65,766

17,495

694

3,632

13,169

7,671576394459615231

1,0861,3141,3031,260

678394270

5,4981,153

49603962516782575108607143

48,271

4,382

4,662

15,568

4,381

19,278

65,869

17,475

690

3,648

13,137

7,630583394459609230

1,0821,3031,2901,253

671391266

5,5071,139

49602978516788574108606147

48,394

4,390

4,663

15,574

4,400

19,367

66,110

17,504

686

3,673

13,145

7,638588398460602221

1,0821,2981,2881,260

675392270

5,5071,146

48601970517790574108608145

48,606

4,369

4,676

15,652

4,416

19,493

66,211

17,470

684

3,699

13,087

7,586588394459601223

1,0801,2841,2731,251

663389267

5,5011,141

49600975516788575104608145

48,741

4,403

4,685

15,668

4,436

19,549

66,473

17,538

681

3,717

13,140

7,627596395460605224

1,0841,2901,2751,267

678388267

5,5131,141

48603976517789575104615145

48,935

4,414

4,702

15,732

4,451

19,636

66,699

17,560

678

3,713

13,169

7,636601396462610232

1,0821,2821,2751,271

673388269

5,5331,145

49604978521795571104621145

49,139

4,434

4,707

15,762

4,479

19,757

66,888

17,629

676

3,725

13,228

7,658606399464617235

1,0811,2791,2741,279

680389270

5,5701,158

48606988521800572106626145

49,259

4,435

4,714

15,807

4,495

19,808

67,374

17,792

675

3,866

13,251

7,666609399470608228

1,0831,2801,2771,281

683389270

5,5851,156

49608992523805573106632141

49,582

4,459

4,734

15,997

4,524

19,868

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,and real estate; and services.

p == preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, allseasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.Corrected seasonal adjustment factors for production workers in blast furnacesand basic steel products for August and November 1985 are 100.9 and 97.5respectively. The corrected factor for motor vehicles and equipment inSeptember 1985 is 101.5.

64


ESTABLISHMENT DATAINDEXES OF DIFFUSION

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted

Timespan

Over1 -monthspan

Over3-monthspan

Over6-monthspan

Over12-monthspan

Year

19841985.......1986

198419851986

198419851986

198419851986

Jan.

67.357.6

P65.4

78.158.6

79.252.2

81.950.8

Feb.

72.750.3

75.954.1

77.849.5

78.448.4

Mar.

66.855.9

77.646.8

77.344.3

76.849.5

Apr.

67.344.6

68.945.9

75.444.6

75.147.3

May

60.550.3

69.744.1

69.244.3

72.746.2

June

64.347.0

67.049.7

64.942.4

73.0P47.8

July

65.754.9

65.450.5

63.246.8

70.0p50.5

Aug.

58.156.8

60.349.2

64.150.0

65.7

Sept.

48.445.7

60.053.8

67.0P55.4

63.5

Oct.

66.563.5

56.552.7

59.7P61.6

60.5

Nov.

55.161.6

67.0P67.3

57.6

56.2

Dec.

63.5P65.4

60.0P69.7

60.3

51.9

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagriculturalindustries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimatesare currently projected from March 1984 benchmark levels. Whenmore recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusteddata from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.

65


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Mining

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Construction

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

AlabamaBirmingham ..HuntsvilleMobileMontgomery .Tuscaloosa...

Alaska

Arizona ...Phoenix.Tucson ..

ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little RockPine Bluff

CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.Santa Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa

ColoradoDenver-Boulder.

ConnecticutBridgeport-MilfordHartfordNew BritainNew Haven-MeridenStamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington

District of Columbia .Washington MSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ,


1,394.5359.3109.2154.0115.153.5

220.1

1,243.4813.7225.7

796.043.366.9

218.031.0

10,798.4990.8152.6190.0

3,822.889.8

752.6179.4500.1478.7

96.3759.8922.5798.3137.8111.3126.3110.6

1,415.8915.2

1,575.6190.3436.2

62.1240.8119.987.2

288.3253.3

618.81,856.2

4,368.595.6

416.990.483.6

353.2128.1129.8787.5391.4117.688.391.0

711.7278.7

1,409.8364.8112.2156.2116.755.6

227.4

1,290.8847.1235.4

803.643.767.0

218.831.9

10,991.0997.0158.0193.0

3,891.694.3

780.4185.8513.0495.5

99.4787.4930.2794.2138.6112.2130.9113.5

1,431.0925.7

1,590.8193.0437.9

61.3242.7121.186.8

296.7257.2

630.21,921.0

4,534.098.8

423.094.383.5

365.0132.8132.2785.6402.0117.387.396.4

725.5285.4

1,410.7366.7112.3156.1117.255.5

223.9

1,297.7852.3236.7

802.543.367.2

219.232.1

11,047.21,005.6

159.2193.3

3,914.094.4

785.7187.6517.8495.9

99.3791.6934.1795.7139.2112.5130.5113.4

1,432.5921.8

1,592.7193.7440.4

59.7242.2122.187.3

296.8257.7

633.21,934.7

4,559.699.8

427.695.583.7

367.9134.1133.0788.0404.117.388.296.4

727.7290.;

14.77.6

.11.0.1

2.7

9.0

12.9.6

2.9

O5.7

1.3.4

049.74.3

15.61.2

12.1.1

1.93.31.3.9.3.6

2.5.2

1.4.7.1.4

36.223.9

0

0

0

1.3

.1

.2

.11.0

10.2

0.4

00

.64.8

0.9

0000

15.17.8

.11.0.1

2.9

9.6

11.0.6

2.3

5.1O

1.1.4

ft48.3

4.116.0

1.111.9

.12.03.11.3.9.3.7

2.0.2

1.5.8.1.4

33.522.2

O

0

O

1.2

.1

.2

.11.0

10.1ft

.400

.64.8

0.9

t).4

fto

.7

0

15.17.8

.11.0.1

2.9

9.3

11.0.6

2.2

5.3

1.2.4

ft

48.24.2

16.11.1

11.9.1

2.03.11.3.9.3.7

1.7.2

1.5.8.1.4

33.422.1

1.1

.2

.3

.6ft

.1

.2

.11.0

10.1ft

.4ftft

.64.8

ft

ftft

0

66.619.34.0

11.36.72.4

15.7

102.871.019.3

36.01.72.9

11.71.3

447.748.8

8.310.8

113.85.1

42.18.4

34.524.2

3.644.530.430.8

6.46.66.65.8

89.054.8

64.06.1

15.02.9

11.04.73.4

16.918.2

11.199.3

339.07.0

33.610.74.5

27.49.08.3

40.132.0

9.9.64.5

58.925.7

69.521.14.4

11.97.03.0

16.3

108.975.621.1

37.01.83.0

11.91.8

476.750.99.1

11.2122.2

6.046.3

8.939.027.13.9

47.933.833.0

6.57.47.56.3

85.452.5

70.46.6

15.93.1

11.64.93.6

18.618.4

11.5111.3

342.17.0

34.911.14.1

27.79.68.0

37.231.0

8.48.94.9

59.026.6

68.421.1

4.211.77.03.0

14.5

107.574.521.2

36.51.73.0

11.82.1

471.151.1

9.111.1

122.66.0

46.18.9

39.326.43.9

47.533.532.3

6.57.17.36.3

82.449.6

67.96.4

15.43.0

11.34.83.5

18.218.3

11.3111.8

341.47.0

34.611.24.3

28.09.67.8

37.030.8

8.88.84.9

58.926.7

66


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT


B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

349.053.930.624.317.28.2

7.6

178.8130.230.0

212.39.7

22.733.6

5.7

2,064.8236.8

10.621.2

909.818.1

103.726.761.732.9

8.6116.486.8

292.824.418.520.4

9.5

194.2133.3

427.565.293.623.950.430.330.4

72.263.9

14.878.6

516.610.645.54.15.6

37.023.926.697.246.012.46.93.8

88.736.7

Nov.1985

348.054.831.725.017.48.1

8.6

182.5130.032.5

209.19.2

22.433.2

5.5

2,058.2231.6

10.822.6

919.120.1

105.026.563.434.1

8.5120.785.5

280.523.117.621.5

9.7

192.5130.3

418.563.993.422.048.828.928.2

70.361.3

14.979.8

523.910.944.7

4.55.0

37.023.126.096.147.811.66.93.8

90.236.3

Dec.1985P

346.754.731.824.817.58.0

7.8

183.0130.432.7

208.69.1

22.433.0

5.5

2,056.2231.1

10.822.1

919.219.7

105.226.863.233.8

8.4120.185.2

279.423.417.621.5

9.7

191.0129.1

413.063.793.720.247.028.928.2

70.061.1

14.879.9

526.010.945.3

4.65.1

37.023.325.996.048.311.56.93.8

89.936.2

Transportation andpublic utilities

Dec.1984

72.429.7

2.39.74.71.9

18.5

62.941.2

8.9

46.33.23.4

14.33.3

555.932.57.8

10.2200.1

4.446.3

7.128.523.54.7

31.386.222.5

5.55.17.74.4

86.664.0

68.87.5

16.33.2

18.14.63.2

12.412.2

26.386.1

248.33.3

20.74.31.7

27.55.75.3

71.320.26.13.52.8

36.410.5

Nov.1985

72.229.5

2.49.04.71.9

18.9

64.042.3

8.7

47.13.33.5

14.23.2

557.532.8

8.010.1

199.14.5

50.39.0

28.323.2

5.030.882.822.5

5.45.17.84.4

87.966.1

69.47.5

16.43.4

18.64.73.2

12.412.0

26.790.0

251.53.6

21.04.51.6

28.25.85.5

71.320.86.33.52.9

36.210.4

Dec.1985P

72.429.6

2.38.94.71.9

18.7

64.743.1

8.8

46.33.33.5

14.13.2

560.133.08.0

10.1200.2

4.550.7

9.228.423.14.9

31.282.922.5

5.45.17.64.4

88.066.3

70.17.5

16.63.4

18.74.73.3

12.412.0

26.791.0

253.63.6

21.34.51.7

28.45.95.5

71.421.06.43.62.9

36.110.4

Wholesale and retai

Dec.1984

303.588.122.542.026.811.3

45.9

307.8210.2

50.5

179.710.615.252.76.5

2,649.1250.740.648.8

905.524.2

195.146.2

131.9120.126.7

186.1212.2150.732.129.030.827.1

353.0226.4

353.244.293.111.456.328.917.4

65.654.0

65.9385.4

1,167.127.8

124.727.217.696.835.728.9

205.6107.829.325.819.4

197.572.8

Nov.1985

299.988.522.542.426.811.6

46.7

316.3216.2

51.5

180.510.714.952.46.7

2,675.1251.440.948.3

906.124.4

199.047.2

131.8122.827.5

190.9215.4153.432.429.132.227.8

354.5229.1

354.143.794.411.657.729.318.0

67.455.1

67.0392.4

1,184.928.3

122.328.917.198.434.829.6

201.7111.429.726.019.0

197.974.0

trade

Dec.1985P

305.290.323.042.727.211.8

46.4

322.3220.4

52.0

182.510.815.153.56.7

2,731.8259.4

41.748.8

923.724.9

203.048.2

135.6124.027.6

195.1219.1156.232.929.732.428.1

357.1230.2

362.344.596.511.858.730.218.6

68.756.2

67.9402.0

1,196.829.0

124.630.017.2

100.035.730.3

202.9112.029.626.619.1

199.476.9

AlabamaBirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

Alaska

ArizonaPhoenixTucson


CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa

ColoradoDenver-Boulder


DelawareWilmington

District of ColumbiaWashington MSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelboume-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach


67




(In thousands)

State and area

Finance, insurance,and real estate

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Services

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Government

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Alaska .


ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little Rock ,Pine Bluff

CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.Santa Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa



DelawareWilmington

District of Columbia .Washington MSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .


63.825.1

3.07.56.61.6

12.6

73.657.310.4

36.51.52.5

14.91.5

705.672.5

5.712.8

253.83.9

44.111.221.126.84.8

49.5112.231.4

7.17.36.54.0

94.466.9

124.79.1

69.22.9

13.99.53.8

18.116.3

36.3106.5

307.05.9

33.77.;3.3

30.67.84.

62.325.

5.07.34,

54.21.5

66.426.0

3.07.46.71.7

13.1

79.562.411.0

37.91.62.6

15.31.6

715.874.3

5.812.9

258.94.0

46.211.221.727.74.9

49.9110.731.9

7.17.36.34.1

96.768.2

128.29.3

64.63.0

13.99.74.0

19.518.0

36.3111.5

323.36.5

34.77.43.3

33.18.35.2

63.126.

5.37.24.4

56.822.2

67.026.1

3.07.56.71.7

12.9

79.962.811.0

37.91.62.6

15.31.6

717.774.8

5.812.9

259.84.0

46.911.221.827.74.9

49.9110.331.9

7.27.36.34.1

97.968.4

127.89.4

64.83.0

14.09.84.0

19.718.;

36.5112.3

324.16.

34.7.43.3

33.38.45.;

63.126.

5.7.24.4

57.422.3

228.776.618.631.222.6

7.1

43.1

285.1194.652.6

132.96.0

12.145.3

5.6

2,582.6236.5

28.542.7

959.918.5

165.337.2

112.496.822.6

187.1258.5190.435.923.126.223.7

310.0204

344.641.993.811.;61.331.018.7

59.353.1

209.1551.9

1,103.525.9

106.522.918.180.127.936.3

207.1111.927.624.017.7

183.576.6

235.178.220.131.522.9

7.3

43.8

300.7203.8

57.7

137.06.1

12.246.3

5.5

2,676.4240.0

29.143.3

999.719.1

174.938.9

114.9100.823.7

198.1264.3192.236.623.627.024.7

318.0212.0

355.43.397.311.562.432.619.4

62.355.0

214.3580.

1,175.126.7

113.23.518.;84.928.;37.

211.0113.828.023.618.0

190.:79.2

235.078.219.931.622.9

7.3

43.9

302.0205.2

57.9

136.46.0

12.246.1

5.5

2,683.3240.6

29.343.4

1,002.419.1

175.339.1

115.4102.023.6

198.5265.2192.036.723.627.024.8

321.3211.6

35743.497.711.762.732.719.4

6154.6

215.8582.1

1,182.126.8

114.923.418.185.28.;38.0

212.2114.727.723.918.0

190.880.9

295.859.028.127.030.418.3

67.7

219.5108.651.1

146.610.66.8

45.17.1

1,743.0108.735.542.3

467.815.5

154.139.3

108.7153.525.0

144.3133.779.525.021.028.035.7

252.5141.7

191.518.355.06.6

29.510.310.3

43.835.5

255.;547.4

676.815.151.813.832.753.;17.719.6

103.048.327.511.138.191.834.8

303.658.928.028.031.119.1

70.4

227.9116.250.6

149.911.07.3

45.17.6

1,783.0111.938.343.5

474.616.1

156.741.0

112.6158.925.6

148.4135.780.526.021.328.536.1

262.5145.4

193.818.755.66.7

29.410.410.4

46.137.3

259.4554.8

723.115.851.814.234.155.118.20.1

104.350.927.611.143.94.436.6

300.958.928.027.931.118.9

70.4

227.3115.350.9

149.010.87.2

45.07.5

1,778.8111.438.443.8

474.216.1

156.541.1

112.8158.025.7

148.6136.281.225.621.328.335.6

261.5144.6

193.318.855.56.6

29.510.410.3

45.937.0

260.1554.6

725.516.051.814.233.955.518.220.2

104.551.227.511.143.094.536.7

68





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

2,565.848.857.7

1,252.0137.489.5

111.295.7

417.6338.4

329.383.7

4,654.3126.252.076.0

2,810.8142.250.191.630.9

171.9129.7114.486.3

2,169.847.888.6

122.5161.2213.1547.9

59.647.3

105.052.1

1,070.678.5

189.240.549.648.261.6

979.828.882.9

203.4

1,236.4161.3401.033.3

1,610.945.7

219.364.398.860.254.3

543.2145.2

448.736.1

104.6

Nov.1985

2,643.448.159.5

1,304.4139.988.1

112.396.2

424.0343.1

340.686.6

4,714.2126.852.478.5

2,856.6146.049.993.931.3

175.6126.8115.487.2

2,258.248.190.2

123.5167.1215.1558.8

61.848.8

106.553.3

1,069.078.8

191.040.948.748.859.9

994.930.584.3

206.2

1,246.0163.2410.6

31.1

1,594.545.9

220.860.294.757.355.0

529.5139.6

459.137.3

106.8

Dec.1985P

2,650.848.358.7

1,305.5139.888.9

112.897.3

426.7345.5

338.686.6

4,708.6127.151.777.8

2,856.7145.250.094.031.2

175.2126.7115.387.2

2,254.648.490.0

123.4167.8214.3560.7

61.048.5

106.153.0

1,062.578.8

191.040.648.548.459.2

989.830.083.3

205.4

1,258.7162.9412.2

31.1

1,589.946.0

219.460.395.057.255.0

529.5139.3

458.537.2

107.0

Mining

Dec.1984

8.2.1

01.2.4.1.2

O

OO

3.6O

24.3(1)OO

1.9

o(1)ooo(1)(1)(1)

10.1(1)

o2.8

o0o00o .4

1.9.1

o(1)(1)00

18.0(1)(1)

3.4

45.8.7.7

1.0

82.3.3

1.28.6

17.41.9.7

20.65.5

.1OO

Nov.1985

7.9(1)

.11.2.5.1.1

(1)

(1)O

3.7O

25.7O00

2.2(1)O00oo(1)0

10.0OO

2.8O0(1)oo0

.4

2.0.1

O(1)(1)(1)0

16.8(1)0

3.2

44.71.0.7.8

77.4.3

1.38.2

15.12.0

.719.64.5

.20O

Dec.1985P

8.1O

.11.2.5.1.1

0

0(1)

3.50

25.0O0O

2.00O0o0(1)Oo

9.5

oo2.8(1)0oo00

.4

1.7.1

00(1)oo

16.6

o03.2

44.61.0.7.8

77.9.3

1.38.3

15.41.7.7

19.84.6

.1O0

Construction

Dec.1984

143.62.21.4

70.87.35.34.75.9

14.712.2

12.35.0

150.84.21.21.6

95.64.51.74.81.25.15.43.22.3

84.61.22.47.06.3

10.023.8

1.71.44.22.0

35.52.36.81.31.71.31.9

40.81.02.89.4

49.98.2

17.01.8

114.12.8

23.23.55.34.03.1

33.09.1

18.91.55.2

Nov.1985

157.32.51.9

80.77.45.34.86.1

18.515.4

15.35.4

176.54.71.41.8

101.15.11.84.81.36.36.13.62.6

108.81.32.67.07.6

11.627.7

1.71.74.62.2

36.42.78.21.31.62.12.7

43.31.22.89.9

48.89.5

20.71.5

112.93.0

25.73.05.03.43.5

31.59.1

23.31.75.9

Dec.1985P

158.02.51.9

80.87.55.34.96.4

18.215.4

13.75.2

163.84.51.31.7

92.94.71.64.81.35.85.73.52.4

104.91.32.56.87.2

10.926.6

1.51.64.52.1

31.52.57.31.21.51.52.1

37.81.12.39.0

57.39.1

20.71.4

107.92.9

25.02.94.83.13.5

30.88.9

21.81.85.7

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Wamer RobinsSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...ChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-MolineDecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

IndianaAndersonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisLafayetteMuncieSouth Bend-MishawakaTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls

KansasLawrenceTopeka .*.Wichita

KentuckyLexington-FayetteLouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHouma-ThibodauxLafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport

MaineLewiston-AuburnPortland


69




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Wholesale and retail trade

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner Robins .Savannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City .

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-Moline .DecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

IndianaAndersonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisLafayetteMuncieSouth Bend-Mishawaka .Terre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls .

KansasLawrence.TopekaWichita

KentuckyLexington-Fayette .LouisvilleOwensboro


MaineLewiston-Auburn .Portland

553.110.615.6

179.536.021.519.016.3

20.914.8

54.410.5

971.035.8

5.17.0

593.529.615.919.95.6

41.334.045.0

4.8

618.819.247.632.045.960.2

111.611.611.225.510.3

209.521.623.412.04.09.6

15.4

177.34.;9.5

55.5

260.629.888.36.6

184.33.3

21.76.36.09.97.;

48.022.9

109.010.516.3

550.09.9

15.3178.936.520.419.216.4

21.015.3

55.810.5

944.634.94.97.2

577.231.614.821.15.4

40.730.144.23.6

612.919.048.231.546.259.3

105.611.310.925.310.6

206.321.722.212.14.1

10.113.5

177.04.49.5

56.3

251.328.285.3

6.0

172.93.5

20.65.95.99.47.3

46.518.4

104.810.416.;

547.19.9

15.4178.936.420.419.316.3

21.015.2

55.310.5

942.534.8

4.57.3

576.331.214.821.15.4

40.530.244.23.7

611.819.248.031.046.358.9

106.711.411.024.910.6

206.021.722.211.94.1

10.013.4

176.44.29.5

56.2

254.428.185.6

5.6

171.63.5

20.66.06.09.67.3

46.018.1

104.810.;16.;

160.12.51.6

103.64.43.34.4

10.2

32.326.7

19.15.4

276.43.33.22.4

172.87.83.98.7

.75.06.64.34.1

106.61.22.96.5

10.513.432.3

1.91.94.42.6

50.43.6

11.11.81.13.:2.1

65.51.;7.4

10.4

66.97.6

23.52.3

118.02.3

10.77.67.14.52.7

46.58.6

19.51..5.

163.02.31.7

106.44.33.54.5

10.1

32.927.2

19.15.4

277.83.43.12.4

176.88.03.99.01.25.26.54.24.3

111.01.32.86.7

11.013.632.8

1.82.14.52.6

50.13.7

11.71.71.23.22.0

64.11.27.3

10.5

70.47.6

22.22.2

113.82.3

10.96.87.14.42.7

44.57.9

19.51.45.6

163.62.41.7

106.44.33.54.6

10.5

33.327.6

19.05.5

276.73.43.12.4

176.27.93.98.91.25.26.44.24.3

110.11.32.86.8

11.013.432.8

1.82.14.52.6

50.13.7

11.71.61.23.12.0

65.21.27.2

10.5

68.97.6

22.12.;

113.92.3

10.76.77.14.52.7

44.28.0

19.51.45.6

663.611.612.3

361.228.720.324.723.3

113.790.8

84.921.8

1,191.336.112.818.4

709.839.011.121.97.8

44.632.125.018.1

512.810.417.031.339.850.6

142.612.411.528.314.8

273.719.750.99.29.3

12.814.3

249.06.1

19.549.4

297.038.8

102.38.8

389.711.654.615.426.315.116.7

146.35.8

104.68.8

30.5

688.711.712.6

375.028.919.323.923.4

113.889.9

85.422.5

1,185.734.612.618.7

707.139.111.722.27.8

42.932.525.117.8

537.310.417.331.541.750.6

146.712.912.028.714.7

268.118.950.29.29.2

12.114.0

251.76.4

20.149.8

297.338.5

105.47.8

387.611.552.914.124.914.016.8

14435.1

107.29.1

30.

701.511.812.5

379.929.019.924.123.8

115.991.7

86.022.8

1,201.335.212.818.6

715.539.211.922.47.8

43.732.525.118.0

541.710.417.431.942.550.9

148.413.012.128.814.7

269.019.351.09.29.3

12.213.9

252.26.4

20.150.0

303.538.7

107.08.2

390.911.753.214.125.014.217.0

145.535.6

108.59.1

31.0






(In thousands)

State and area


Dec.1984

132.92.31.7

84.75.15.96.64.1

31.927.3

23.48.0

318.06.68.52.5

230.77.22.73.61.47.16.44.47.6

103.91.62.24.7

10.77.7

39.62.71.54.91.8

62.24.7

23.91.41.22.63.1

52.0.9

5.99.9

56.18.0

25.61.2

83.32.5

13.52.54.22.84.1

31.97.8

20.11.79.0

Nov.1985

137.42.31.8

88.45.76.16.94.2

32.227.7

23.68.3

324.36.58.72.5

236.47.32.63.61.57.06.44.67.6

107.71.62.34.7

10.97.7

40.52.81.55.11.7

63.34.7

24.51.51.22.63.1

52.9.9

5.910.2

58.88.4

26.31.2

84.42.5

13.62.44.02.74.2

31.78.0

20.91.89.5

Dec.1985P

137.82.41.8

88.05.76.26.94.2

32.227.6

23.68.3

324.86.68.72.5

238.07.32.63.61.57.16.64.67.6

107.81.62.34.7

10.97.8

40.42.81.55.11.7

63.54.7

24.61.51.22.63.1

53.2.9

5.910.2

58.68.4

26.51.2

84.42.5

13.62.54.02.74.2

31.68.0

21.11.89.6

Dec.1984

459.47.18.4

274.622.213.119.019.1

109.686.1

62.116.9

1,056.825.5

9.812.6

697.626.9

9.117.27.1

38.329.020.919.0

392.48.6

11.426.631.341.5

112.810.18.8

26.810.2

225.716.344.111.26.9

12.213.0

186.14.7

18.040.4

234.834.887.5

6.8

313.210.039.9

9.319.310.910.4

130.030.0

89.48.7

23.4

Services

Nov.1985

487.37.08.3

296.222.813.019.318.9

110.987.3

65.617.5

1,077.327.610.012.6

704.127.39.3

17.57.4

41.529.121.820.2

423.58.8

11.827.532.641.6

118.610.49.3

27.610.5

228.416.845.511.76.5

12.412.8

194.94.9

18.841.8

243.436.091.5

6.8

317.310.040.4

8.719.110.510.5

127.230.7

93.29.3

24.0

Dec.1985P

484.47.08.3

293.022.713.219.418.8

110.887.2

66.217.6

1,075.327.510.012.5

703.027.39.3

17.47.4

41.529.121.820.3

422.98.9

11.827.532.841.6

118.610.49.2

27.510.4

227.116.945.311.76.5

12.513.0

194.94.9

18.642.0

240.535.691.0

6.8

316.310.040.2

8.619.110.510.3

126.930.1

92.89.2

24.0

Government

Dec.1984

444.912.416.6

176.433.420.032.717.0

94.580.5

69.516.0

665.714.611.431.5

308.927.1

5.615.27.1

29.815.911.530.3

340.65.65.1

11.616.629.684.319.111.010.910.0

211.710.329.03.6

25.36.4

11.8

191.110.719.825.0

225.333.456.1

4.8

326.012.954.511.113.211.19.4

87.025.5

87.13.5

14.5

Nov.1985

451.912.317.7

177.533.820.333.517.1

94.780.3

72.116.9

702.315.011.733.3

351.727.6

5.615.46.7

31.316.111.931.0

346.95.75.2

11.817.030.686.120.811.310.710.6

214.310.128.6

3.524.9

6.411.9

194.211.519.824.5

231.334.058.5

4.8

328.212.855.411.113.610.99.3

84.325.9

90.03.6

14.9

Dec.1985"

450.112.416.9

177.333.720.433.517.3

95.380.8

71.316.7

699.215.011.332.8

352.827.6

5.715.56.6

30.716.211.930.8

346.05.75.2

11.917.030.786.520.011.010.810.5

213.69.9

28.83.5

24.66.5

11.7

193.511.319.724.3

230.934.458.6

4.9

327.012.854.811.213.610.99.3

84.726.0

89.93.7

14.9

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner RobinsSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...ChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-MolineDecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield



KansasLawrenceTopekaWichita





71




(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Mining

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Construction

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

MarylandBaltimore MSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C.

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-LeominsterLawrence-Haverhill....LowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland .

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-St. PaulRochesterSt. Cloud

Mississippi .Jackson ....

MissouriKansas City.St. Joseph ...St. LouisSpringfield ...

Montana ..

Nebraska .Lincoln ...Omaha ...

NevadaLas Vegas .Reno

New Hampshire .ManchesterNashua

New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

1,861.8991.0438.7646.3

2,942.41,693.3

68.755.639.1

151.1103.267.740.2

232.0182.1

3,407.3149.553.458.4

1,710.5173.3284.0

47.895.6

184.654.2

145.9

1,870.183.0

1,211.655.061.0

843.3166.1

2,041.2674.6

36.01,057.7

96.7

285.1

641.9102.2281.1

438.4246.7121.7

455.678.83.0

3,406.1141.9642.8387.3227.7468.9284.1939.5173.850.8

1,919.3999.6440.9664.9

3,016.71,776.4

71.257.139.7

162.9105.970.241.3

240.2188.8

3,515.5155.153.960.2

1,752.9175.7291.0

47.999.1

195.555.0

150.4

1,907.085.2

1,236.156.762.2

857.9168.1

2,044.1679.7

34.31,063.8

97.8

280.6

652.6103.3286.7

450.0254.0124.6

483.680.585.2

3,499.152.;653.6397.0234.6482.0298.8944.0179.051.9

1,927.11,002.1

439.1667.8

3,034.61,786.8

71.657.439.9

163.9106.170.241.3

240.9190.7

3,523.8155.554.159.8

1,766.5175.8290.5

48.198.9

194.454.4

151.1

1,896.583.0

1,232.656.162.4

858.9168.7

2,039.3678.5

33.91,065.4

97.3

276.;

649.8102.5284.5

449254.8123.8

486.180.885.1

3,503.1149.8654.398.3233.9483.9299.6943.6180.751.9

1.7.2

O

O0OO000

1.1.5

.1

.2

8.9.2

).1.6

).4.3.1.3.1.2

5.52.2

0O0

O

9.31.8

6.0.6

3.6.1

7.6

1.8

6.9,4.8

O

2.3

0O0

Oo

1.3.2

).5

1.2.5

()O00OO0

.2

.1

9.5OOO

0o(1)o(1)00

.6

0

8.85.1

8.91.7

6.3.8

)3.7

.1

6.6

1.8

6.9

.8

O

C)

0

2.3

.1

.1

0

0o

1.6.2

).5

1.2.5

OOO

Oo0oooo

.2

.1

9.3

.6

6.33.3

OOO

8.91.8

5.8.8

)3.5

.1

7.0

1.7O

6.9

.9

O

2

0

ooo

124.054.317.550.1

102.554.52.91.71.67.03.92.11.46.46.8

87.93.01.41.1

47.44.09.61.02.83.81.65.0

69.62.5

46.91.72.7

38.28.3

82.228.1

1.550.9

3.4

12.0

23.33.8

10.9

23.714.:5.8

26.64.;3.4

144.76.9

25.017.05.

20.116.534.44.01.9

144.557.718.455.1

117.463.6

3.62.01.9

11.55.22.31.57.48.0

107.95.71.71.4

54.44.2

11.01.23.35.61.86.2

79.22.7

52.81.93.5

42.19.3

83.228.7

1.652.4.1

12.7

24.54.0

12.;

23.814.75.8

35.55.14,

158.77.4

25.319.36.9

22.220.935.6

4.2.1

143.857.018.154.9

114.462.0

3.61.91.9

11.35.12.21.57.07.8

101.35.71.51.3

51.44.0

10.21.03.05.71.65.5

68.92.2

46.71.43.2

40.79.0

78.428.1

1.549.2

3.6

10.3

21.73.6

11.0

24.314.96.0

34.55.14.1

157.77.6

25.018.66.7

22.521.335.14.11.9






(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-Leominster .Lawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland .


Mississippi .Jackson ....


Montana ..




New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

217.0140.555.333.4

691.6338.8

13.220.213.556.142.824.812.456.749.2

965.638.514.520.1

470.467.295.912.428.438.519.445.9

378.06.4

261.210.910.2

219.820.1

433.3120.2

8.7228.5

19.4

22.1

88.712.736.0

21.57.68.4

126.916.037.7

733.58.1

170.875.157.6

114.433.6

207.033.414.1

210.7134.651.532.2

672.4350.3

12.820.513.459.041.425.512.656.050.4

963.835.714.220.1

462.568.397.212.529.738.719.546.4

370.96.3

257.011.19.6

221.119.1

425.6120.9

8.1226.0

18.8

21.4

86.713.034.7

21.37.68.2

121.215.536.4

727.58.4

170.676.657.1

113.734.2

199.533.514.;

208.9133.150.632.5

673.2349.9

12.720.513.459.241.325.312.655.550.5

969.835.814.420.3

469.568.297.412.629.738.718.845.7

370.06.3

256.710.910.1

221.419.5

426.5120.5

7.9228.5

18.5

20.4

86.213.034.4

21.37.68.2

121.715.436.1

723.98.3

169.976.856.3

113.434.1

197.433.813.9

93.158.133.519.8

125.378.2

4.51.71.56.13.32.5

.89.08.0

137.83.61.92.5

74.24.3

10.94.42.85.22.86.9

99.06.5

69.11.93.8

39.710.2

135.151.8

1.973.76.2

20.3

43.06.3

23.1

25.314.38.0

15.34.72.2

219.15.7

30.716.929.034.513.279.9

5.62.1

92.756.332.220.4

128.079.5

4.51.71.56.33.32.51.09.47.6

141.74.01.82.4

76.14.3

11.04.12.85.12.86.9

100.56.0

68.01.94.1

40.310.2

132.651.8

1.773.1

5.8

19.5

43.26.1

23.9

25.714.68.2

15.74.92.4

222.66.0

30.317.230.235.414.778.55.72.1

94.356.932.220.9

129.880.1

4.51.71.66.43.42.5

.99.47.6

142.34.01.82.4

76.34.4

11.04.02.85.02.87.1

100.26.0

68.51.94.0

39.910.1

132.752.1

1.773.15.8

19.0

42.85.9

23.6

25.914.78.3

15.84.92.4

222.46.0

30.416.830.235.414.778.35.72.1

478.4244.494.7

181.3

692.7385.7

19.913.19.6

31.020.915.310.355.143.4

778.223.0

9.611.8

410.141.470.110.421.637.111.033.7

481.921.9

306.912.318.1

185.743.1

493.6175.9

8.6255.027.3

79.6

165.122.171.9

90.951.927.4

111.120.716.8

824.931.3

186.9105.252.1

114.877.8

195.029.410.0

484.2243.8

94.1179.7

716.0401.6

20.613.59.6

32.521.616.211.057.443.6

790.324.3

9.712.0

415.641.871.310.321.636.811.234.7

483.221.6

306.712.518.4

188.043.3

493.1172.9

8.2253.227.3

76.8

165.221.971.2

92.653.027.7

125.420.918.1

845.732.3

189.2107.154.7

116.981 5

200.929.610.6

491.4246.7

93.1183.3

730.0409.2

21.213.99.7

33.321.916.411.358.844.8

800.724.89.8

12.1424.0

42.472.310.522.137.711.336.3

487.921.8

310.412.718.5

191.044.1

496.4174.2

8.2256.9

27.6

76.6

166.022.271.6

93.853.928.0

127.021.218.3

855.631.0

191.6109.155.2

118.982.8

203.131.010.8


73



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Services

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Government

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-LeominsterLawrence-Haverhill....LowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiQanAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland .


Jackson


Montana ..




New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millviile-Bridgeton

106.263.240.734.5

179.6125.0

2.52.81.45.43.12.32.1

14.210.7

155.24.13.62.1

91.05.8

11.21.63.79.71.45.5

107.42.9

80.91.52.0

34.512.6

113.849.82.1

62.94.4

13.5

43.87.5

25.6

20.912.16.8

24.36.62.8

185.96.6

31.519.18.3

25.113.469.0

8.12.

113.866.743.236.0

195.9134.1

2.62.81.45.83.62.62.1

14.712.0

161.24.23.82.2

94.86.1

11.41.64.0

10.21.45.7

110.93.1

83.81.62.1

35.112.9

114.950.42.0

64.44.4

13.1

45.17.7

26.5

21.312.66.7

26.26.92.8

192.97.0

33.119.98.5

26.713.769.2

8.22.7

115.567.343.736.7

197.5135.2

2.62.81.45.83.72.52.1

14.712.3

161.24.33.82.2

95.16.1

11.31.64.0

10.31.45.7

111.33.1

84.41.62.1

35.212.9

115.250.52.0

64.74.4

13.4

45.37.7

26.6

21.312.76.7

26.57.02.8

193.67.0

33.120.0

8.526.813.'69.2

8.32.

452.2231.7116.7172.6

774.8515.3

13.49.66.9

27.916.710.98.3

52.541.3

702.728.710.912.4

389.827.357.69.3

20.731.910.028.8

430.521.3

287.521.812.3

127.433.5

433.5145.5

7.4244.7

23.0

60.4

138.920.570.1

188.5116.847.4

91.418.:14.1

759.862.2

128.484.934.888.971.0

221.:45.6

8.6

474.6237.8120.0182.3

805.3546.3

14.710.07.1

30.517.911.48.0

56.144.0

738.731.211.113.4

414.728.159.6

9.321.333.510.429.8

444.919.9

303.222.612.1

129.834.4

442.1149.3

6.9253.3

24.3

61.0

144.520.973.1

197.5120.551.7

98.419.415.0

797.965.4

134.184.835.795.074.;

224.247.6

8.6

475.3238.2119.7181.9

808.0548.1

14.710.07.1

30.518.111.47.9

56.144.4

742.731.411.112.9

416.427.759.2

9.421.333.210.430.0

444.319.8

303.022.512.1

129.634.2

439.5147.5

6.8252.4

24.3

60.0

144.320.672.6

194.5119.950.1

99.;19.315.1

796.664.0

133.985.135.595.173.4

22447.5

8.7

389.2198.680.3

154.2

374.8195.3

12.36.54.6

17.512.49.84.8

38.022.5

571.248.611.68.4

227.623.228.38.4

15.458.1

7.919.8

298.219.2

158.15.0

11.9

188.736.6

343.8102.7

5.9138.4

12.9

69.7

137.329.243.1

60.729.317.1

59.67.65.9

535.924.769.468.940.70.558.5

132.247.711.1

397.5202.5

81.5158.7

380.5200.5

12.46.64.8

17.312.89.75.0

39.023.1

602.549.811.68.5

234.222.929.18.8

16.364.9

7.920.6

308.820.5

163.64.9

12.;

192.537.2

346.3104.9

5.7137.9

13.0

69.4

141.529.744.7

60.930.715.5

60.67.76.1

552.125.670.972.041.571.559.6

135.50.:11.3

396.3202.7

81.7157.1

380.5201.8

12.36.64.8

17.412.69.94.9

39.223.2

596.549.311.68.5

233.222.828.88.9

16.063.2

8.020.7

307.620.6

162.05.0

12.2

192.137.1

344.7104.8

5.8137.1

13.0

69.5

141.829.644.6

61.230.815.6

60.87.86.1

551.125.870.771.841.571.259.6

135.650.311.5


74





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

512.6213.837.1

7,698.6376.9119.1412.2

35.240.4

361.41,058.13,987.03,492.0

77.688.9

113.6445.093.1

283.8118.4387.2

2,618.173.2

495.2429.6338.5

255.136.167.128.4

4,332.8256.5150.5612.5857.9591.6402.5262.5184.0

1,194.225.933.6

443.2302.0

1,015.597.2

518.084.7

4,720.4264.948.555.1

1,640.2109.3272.1

75.6164.7

2,027.5762.1840.0

Nov.1985

522.7221.5

38.6

7,832.9382.5117.7418.6

34.241.2

366.51,084.24,036.63,538.1

78.590.9

114.3452.694.3

282.6118.0389.2

2,673.375.1

493.6437.3347.3

254.036.469.729.4

4,452.8262.9155.3640.8873.4621.4416.2271.5187.3

1,182.024.834.0

442.3301.7

1,042.999.1

525.889.6

4,798.8265.7

49.354.1

1,653.9110.9276.5

77.7168.5

2,051.7766.1855.4

Dec.1985P

524.5222.038.6

7,848.9383.3117.5418.8

34.341.0

366.61,088.54,053.43,552.5

78.390.9

114.8451.1

94.7283.1118.1391.4

2,680.775.2

494.0438.0348.1

252.636.369.229.3

4,461.7263.2155.4642.7874.0623.9416.8272.3188.2

1,183.524.133.9

441.2301.6

1,036.298.7

525.486.5

4,793.1265.649.054.1

1,657.5110.6276.4

77.1168.8

2,055.1767.1852.7

Mining

Dec.1984

21.7.3

O6.7

.2O

.6

OO

.3

.21.61.3

OOft

.8O

.3

.1

.1

4.6.1.3.4.3

7.6.2

OO27.1

OOOoftftoo76.22.2

.320.621.3

1.3.2.5.1

36.0.3.1

O1.0.2.1

4.7.4

1.1

O5.6

Nov.1985

19.7.3

O6.8

.20

.7

o0.3.2

1.51.2

OftO

.8

0.2.2.1

4.7.1.3.3.3

6.8.2

OO27.5

Oooooooo67.9

1.8.2

18.420.7

1.5.3.5

O37.1

.4

OO

1.1.3.1

4.9.5

1.2

ft7.2

Dec.1985P

19.6.3

O6.6

.2O

.6

fto .3

.21.51.2

OOO

.8O

.2

.2

.1

4.7.1.3.3.3

6.4.2

ftft27.3

ft(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)ft68.0

1.7.2

18.620.7

1.3.3.5

(1)

36.4.4

(1)(1)

1.0.3.1

4.5.5

1.1(1)

7.2

Construction

Dec.1984

35.315.62.6

259.213.14.5

12.81.11.4

10.546.4

122.196.62.83.04.9

13.53.8

15.13.2

20.7

141.93.1

25.620.321.9

12.81.63.11.1

144.98.45.3

21.426.720.113.57.85.6

47.61.21.1

18.414.3

29.73.0

17.42.7

180.89.21.82.8

64.83.09.72.67.6

81.817.836.9

Nov.1985

36.617.82.7

286.214.65.0

15.91.41.6

11.949.2

131.4104.3

3.43.45.5

15.33.8

14.83.7

22.3

153.53.5

25.820.123.2

11.81.73.71.5

163.910.36.1

24.730.423.316.49.46.4

46.11.11.1

19.215.1

30.93.4

17.02.9

206.510.32.33.2

67.23.4

10.13.38.8

86.518.344.2

Dec.1985P

35.217.42.7

276.214.04.8

14.21.41.5

11.147.8

130.1103.5

3.03.25.4

14.33.7

14.23.2

21.8

153.33.5

25.420.123.0

10.41.43.11.2

153.89.55.7

23.828.622.215.78.65.8

44.7.9

1.118.614.6

30.13.2

16.72.8

193.59.92.03.2

65.03.19.52.98.5

83.618.041.5

New MexicoAlbuquerqueLas Cruces

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsMonroe CountyNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High PointRaleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-MoorheadGrand Forks

OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa

OregonEugene-SpringfieldPortlandSalem

PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyDelaware ValleyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh


75




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

New Mexico...Albuquerque .Las Cruces ...

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsMonroe CountyNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-Moorhead .Grand Forks

OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-Springfield ....ToledoYoungstown-Warren .

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma City .Tulsa

OregonEugene-Springfield .PortlandSalem

PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyDelaware ValleyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .JohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh

36.819.53.5

1,333.855.041.680.8

8.010.2

128.6181.3513.0426.7

25.215.335.2

150.415.859.627.969.2

824.819.9

148.5153.358.7

15.42.04.81.4

1,130.567.546.5

146.0214.2106.0105.465.154.0

174.11.93.4

54.;52.1

194.918.892.511.0

1,108.889.811.516.

324.535.953.;12.657.9

399.5108.1141.1

37.519.43.2

1,306.052.638.678.0

6.79.8

126.5182.4505.6419.724.415.233.6

148.716.055.625.668.5

813.919.8

141.5152.057.7

15.61.94.81.4

1,114.265.346.0

149.0208.2105.3105.565.853.0

167.81.83.5

52.051.9

198.518.892.513.;

1,068.;83.711.113.7

317.935.951.012.157.0

394.5103.7135.5

37.419.43.1

1,297.952.838.478.0

6.89.7

126.5182.2499.2413.2

24.615.233.9

147.816.055.925.568.7

815.320.0

141.9151.958.0

15.41.94.71.4

1,114.564.945.8

149.0207.9105.;105.565.853.6

167.11.83.4

51.951.5

193.318.391.910.9

1,065.682.710.913.6

318.435.651.312.157.3

395.1103.135.

30.612.4

1.5

419.516.64.2

21.61.41.3

10.546.1

262.3237.7

3.95.53.3

13.34.2

15.64.5

19.8

130.13.4

41.722.916.1

16.72.94.01.5

208.513.36.1

32.143.027.515.514.57.8

63.62.61.:

21.820.6

55.14.0

34.02.4

253.014.05.15.1

79.94.4

18.14.96.9

96.845.949.1

29.712.0

1.5

415.516.04.3

20.71.41.3

10.547.4

257.2234.1

4.05.73.2

13.24.2

15.74.4

18.4

131.43.5

43.723.816.5

16.42.84.01.5

209.813.86.3

32.843.728.116.114.27.7

62.22.61.2

21.520.6

55.54.1

34.42.6

249.213.94.95.1

79.24.3

17.35.17.0

96.445.148.0

30.012.1

1.4

416.316.04.2

20.91.41.3

10.547.4

258.1234.9

4.05.83.2

13.14.2

15.84.4

18.4

131.73.5

43.823.716.5

16.22.74.01.5

209.913.86.2

32.644.128.316.214.27.7

61.82.61.2

21.520.6

56.14.1

34.92.6

248.713.95.05.1

79.04.3

17.35.17.0

95.845.048.

123.455.8

7.7

1,631.483.522.6

102.39.48.9

72.9289.8770.2648.7

17.022.419.891.622.263.524.795.6

575.417.4

117.693.869.5

69.49.7

20.48.4

1,017.962.236.1

154.8208.4147.088.865.945.1

296.37.68.4

116.674.4

261.225.2

141.619.9

1,078.757.312.11.9

373.524.;59.916.840.0

478.6153.0215.0

127.158.1

8.3

1,660.486.223.0

104.89.49.3

73.2295.7775.6653.7

17.123.120.392.722.564.725.595.7

587.217.9

117.296.571.0

69.39.9

21.28.7

1,058.564.838.7

161.9210.4155.293.68.47.1

292.47.08.2

115.873.5

268.425.9

143.319.4

1,092.358.512.612.;

374.525.162.816.941

482.4151.5217.0

129.258.9

8.5

1,686.187.723.3

106.39.69.4

74.6301.9788.5663.7

17.323.520.894.323.166.026.198.1

596.018.0

118.497.872.1

69.810.021.4

8.8

1,074.965.939.4

164.1213.9158.094.869.647.8

295.27.08.2

115.774.2

270.226.0

144.819.2

1,103.659.512.812.4

380.925.563.316.941.9

490.0154.1218.1


76





(In thousands)

State and area


Dec.1984

24.912.91.4

707.118.43.6

22.41.11.8

17.361.6

530.0502.6

1.93.43.4

19.03.5

18.16.0

23.4

106.02.5

26.419.317.6

12.41.74.31.1

213.99.46.4

35.548.447.816.210.37.3

65.11.31.6

28.117.4

66.54.4

41.55.2

257.410.41.51.9

118.25.1

15.14.15.7

137.566.749.8

Nov.1985

25.613.61.6

720.419.13.7

22.81.11.8

17.563.0

539.8512.0

1.93.53.6

19.23.6

18.56.1

23.6

112.02.6

26.919.719.4

12.41.74.41.1

222.59.96.5

37.450.350.616.611.07.4

65.81.11.7

28.417.3

68.44.3

42.25.3

264.710.5

1.71.9

121.55.1

15.64.76.1

141.467.250.7

Dec.1985P

25.713.61.6

722.319.13.6

22.91.11.8

17.663.2

541.2513.4

1.93.43.6

19.33.6

18.56.2

23.7

112.12.7

27.019.719.5

12.41.74.41.1

222.79.86.6

37.550.150.716.511.17.5

66.01.01.6

28.317.4

68.54.3

42.15.3

263.310.61.61.9

120.95.1

15.64.76.1

140.366.650.1

Dec.1984

108.153.55.0

2,001.087.221.7

100.57.88.0

81.4254.9

1,164.51,035.1

14.918.022.694.722.364.222.9

103.3

404.815.179.667.772.1

57.710.017.25.9

917.052.531.3

140.6201.3128.590.257.239.8

219.95.45.6

85.367.7

206.619.7

115.716.2

1,125.255.59.2

10.1457.4

23.651.617.831.3

542.4232.4235.9

Services

Nov.1985

111.656.2

5.3

2,075.489.022.0

104.5in8.2

85.7267.7

1,191.41,059.1

15.218.323.399.222.664.723.7

105.8

429.016.081.770.176.9

58.210.218.16.0

973.455.033.2

148.9213.7142.295.560.341.1

224.35.66.1

87.168.6

214.520.4

120.417.4

1,193.459.79.6

10.7471.3

24.154.018.132.5

556.1243.0244.5

Dec.1985P

112.956.55.3

2,076.688.621.8

104.47.68.3

85.1266.4

1,197.21,065.2

15.018.323.098.122.564.023.8

105.6

429.915.981.169.976.9

58.210.218.06.0

975.054.933.1

149.6213.3141.895.160.341.0

224.45.36.1

86.768.5

214.220.4

119.917.5

1,195.259.89.7

10.7470.2

24.053.818.232.3

555.3242.4244.3

Government

Dec.1984

131.843.815.4

1,339.9102.920.871.36.48.6

39.8177.7623.2543.3

11.921.224.061.721.147.429.255.1

430.511.755.551.982.3

63.18.0

13.39.0

673.042.517.781.6

114.6113.772.641.524.0

251.43.7

11.998.234.2

200.021.974.827.2

680.528.47.17.1

220.912.964.412.114.9

289.8138.2106.6

Nov.1985

134.944.116.0

1,362.2104.921.171.26.59.1

40.8178.6634.1554.1

12.321.624.563.421.448.428.854.8

441.811.656.454.882.3

63.58.0

13.59.2

683.043.217.385.6

115.4115.672.542.424.0

255.53.8

12.099.934.0

205.221.975.528.7

687.428.7

7.07.3

221.212.765.612.615.4

293.2137.3108.3

Dec.1985P

134.543.816.0

1,366.8105.021.271.66.48.9

40.8179.3637.6557.4

12.321.524.663.421.448.529.055.0

437.711.656.154.681.9

63.88.2

13.69.3

683.743.617.485.6

115.0116.772.642.624.1

256.33.8

12.199.934.1

202.522.174.628.1

686.828.8

6.97.2

222.112.765.512.715.2

293.9137.3107.6

New MexicoAlbuquerqueLas Cruces

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsMonroe CountyNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High PointRaleigh-Durham


OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren



PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyDelaware ValleyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh


77



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Mining

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Construction

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Pennsylvania-ContinuedReadingScranton-Wilkes-Barre ..SharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro.Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg

South Dakota .Sioux Falls ....

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-HarlingenBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionMidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden .

VermontBurlington .Springfield

147.3272.939.749.146.2

161.1

418.4123.2291.9

1,310.2169.7199.4281.5

243.960.5

1,850.0177.4151.6229.7382.3416.0

6,548.653.580.5

343.0143.360.065.349.8

134.51,240.4

173.3474.6

73.51,479.4

64.932.567.793.981.153.655.539.2

468.636.946.061.229.677.552.2

620.471.5

428.1

220.467.813.6

146.6276.840.152.946.7

164.5

422.4124.2293.5

1,349.4177.9201.9278.9

243.059.7

1,902.0192.0152.6230.1392.8424.9

6,649.953.781.8

355.7136.658.464.851.3

136.81,254.8

175.6491.5

74.01,501.1

66.833.065.695.983.151.953.639.2

476.737.646.162.829.178.351.7

636.675.1

440.1

226.970.014.0

147.1276.940.551.646.6

164.5

421.9123.9293.2

1,355.0178.5203.7280.2

243.662.1

1,902.4192.8153.0226.9391.9423.6

6,667.754.180.8

356.2136.058.664.550.7

136.51,254.0

176.5492.0

73.91,507.2

66.533.065.895.384.152.453.839.5

479.237.546.362.729.278.851.9

636.474.2

441.7

229.569.914.1

O

0.2.9.4.3

.4

.1

.1

.1

1.8OOO

2.5O

7.71.0.2

2.0.1.5

273.34.01.81.03.02.4

.11.47.8

23.6.4

4.91.1

96.7.1

1.84.7

.61.8

12.98.7

.93.6

.3

.13.53.0

.23.4

11.9.2

3.6

.4

O

0

0

0.9.4.3

.1

.1

.1

1.8

2.4

7.51.3.1

2.6.1.5

261.04.01.51.12.82.0

.11.57.0

23.5.5

4.61.1

96.3.1

1.64.8

.51.7

11.68.2

.93.6

.3

.13.22.9

.23.2

9.0.1

2.1

o.4

O

o

0.9.4.3

OOO

.1

.1

.1

1.8

2.2O

7.41.3.1

2.0.1.5

259.14.01.41.12.72.1

.11.47.1

23.5.5

4.61.1

97.2.1

1.64.8

.41.7

11.68.2

.93.5

.3

.13.12.9

.23.2

8.9.1

2.1

OO

5.39.4.9

1.71.26.8

12.63.59.8

83.912.412.018.6

8.22.5

77.97.46.0

10.116.722.8

427.12.94.6

27.29.47.33.63.1

11.076.98.9

28.64.1

111.43.61.15.04.44.32.84.22.6

34.51.21.92.72.74.02.1

36.23.4

23.9

12.63.91

6.110.1

.92.11.48.0

13.83.8

10.4

89.813.413.018.3

10.23.3

79.27.77.59.8

18.123.1

434.02.95.0

27.98.66.23.42.8

12.480.3

9.030.4

3.9107.5

3.71.44.05.34.52.83.72.7

35.51.51.73.32.44.32.2

37.93.8

25.1

16.04.51.8

6.09.4

.91.81.37.7

13.33.5

10.0

90.213.413.118.4

8.62.7

77.38.07.39.8

17.822.9

429.82.94.4

27.78.36.33.32.7

12.078.3

8.929.83.9

105.83.61.44.05.14.52.83.52.7

35.41.31.73.32.44.42.2

35.53.6

23.8

15.44.31.5


78





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

53.475.410.38.0

15.759.7

120.756.476.8

378.820.128.4

101.4

28.69.2

496.844.354.251.252.285.9

1,005.95.69.7

41.630.317.110.73.3

13.7224.6

38.6109.5

10.3176.1

8.61.9

15.29.2

11.23.64.95.5

52.011.87.7

12.52.9

15.49.2

96.012.564.2

49.216.64.1

Nov.1985

49.773.510.27.6

15.259.1

121.155.776.2

369.320.228.597.8

22.95.6

483.344.252.948.850.786.3

989.75.89.8

41.027.016.29.83.6

13.5222.1

39.4111.6

9.9171.3

8.61.9

15.08.3

11.83.44.45.4

49.211.87.3

12.23.0

15.68.9

95.712.164.6

49.016.33.9

Dec.1985P

49.973.210.57.9

15.259.3

119.755.075.1

369.320.228.897.6

25.68.3

481.644.252.748.749.886.0

989.25.89.7

40.826.916.29.53.3

13.3221.4

39.1112.1

9.9170.8

8.51.8

15.07.9

11.73.54.45.5

48.811.87.4

12.03.0

15.98.9

95.311.864.7

48.816.44.0


Dec.1984

6.114.52.01.32.17.3

13.83.3

10.0

55.68.78.99.8

12.14.6

91.27.26.08.8

31.523.6

373.02.86.59.4

11.82.53.11.67.6

76.09.7

23.96.1

100.83.13.63.45.22.72.62.73.8

17.92.11.52.91.43.62.6

36.52.3

28.4

9.42.6

.7

Nov.1985

6.214.82.11.42.07.5

14.13.4

10.3

56.69.29.0

10.0

12.54.7

92.47.16.08.9

31.824.5

372.82.76.09.6

11.42.23.21.67.6

1119.1

25.15.6

104.53.13.73.25.42.82.52.63.8

18.22.11.82.91.63.72.5

36.42.2

28.3

9.22.6

.7

Dec.1985P

6.214.82.01.42.07.5

14.03.4

10.3

56.99.39.1

10.1

12.64.7

94.37.25.99.0

32.324.9

371.72.86.09.6

11.22.23.11.67.6

77.69.3

25.15.6

103.93.03.73.25.42.82.52.63.8

18.22.11.82.91.63.72.5

36.42.2

28.2

9.22.7

.6

Wholesale

Dec.1984

31.060.7

9.99.7

10.138.3

91.326.160.8

276.942.142.061.4

63.816.2

441.839.732.654.3

107.3101.1

1,653.614.824.375.535.311.018.710.534.2

333.042.0

131.914.0

380.016.310.116.827.625.112.916.810.3

125.38.2

12.116.18.3

19.812.8

149.915.0

110.7

48.015.12.4

and retai

Nov.1985

31.762.110.110.210.339.1

91.826.361.8

292.243.843.561.3

64.516.4

469.139.431.154.9

107.1102.0

1,656.314.625.176.234.011.018.310.934.8

333.041.9

135.713.8

371.816.59.9

16.228.825.012.516.210.4

127.58.1

12.116.68.4

19.712.8

152.915.3

113.0

50.016.02.5

trade

Dec.1985P

32.062.210.410.010.339.2

93.127.062.7

297.744.543.962.5

64.416.5

476.340.432.253.4

107.7102.5

1,673.714.925.277.734.311.118.610.935.0

335.342.7

137.713.9

376.916.310.016.529.026.112.916.610.6

129.48.3

12.316.78.4

19.613.0

154.915.5

115.1

50.416.02.5

Pennsylvania-ContinuedReadingScranton-Wilkes-BarreSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-AttleboroProvidence


South DakotaSioux Falls

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-BristolKnoxvilleMemphisNashville


UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBurlingtonSpringfield


79



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area


Dec.1984

7.011.3

1.31.42.24.3

23.73.2

18.9

55.37.6

15.811.4

13.35.6

84.710.44.99.1

21.529.2

421.12.74.4

23.45.62.23.22.06.4

116.48.3

26.14.7

110.22.71.73.05.63.53.62.31.8

34.21.41.73.41.64.92.4

30.42.1

24.4

9.62.7

.3

Nov.1985

7.411.9

1.31.62.24.5

24.03.5

19.2

58.38.5

16.111.2

13.35.9

91.411.24.89.2

22.230.7

431.32.74.3

25.65.52.43.32.06.3

118.38.5

28.15.0

118.82.91.53.15.73.63.42.11.8

36.11.41.73.61.64.82.4

31.32.2

25.2

10.12.8

.3

Dec.1985P

7.512.0

1.31.52.24.4

24.03.5

19.2

58.28.3

16.211.1

13.46.0

90.411.14.89.0

22.530.8

431.92.74.3

25.75.52.43.22.06.3

118.28.7

27.95.0

119.22.91.53.05.83.63.42.11.8

36.31.41.73.61.64.82.4

31.52.2

25.3

10.22.8

.3

Dec.1984

27.759.3

9.97.58.7

26.7

97.820.872.2

207.030.234.943.0

57.415.3

354.932.423.448.688.390.7

1,279.312.715.374.827.9

7.311.87.3

26.6257.229.989.012.4

327.011.85.0

11.119.712.28.88.27.6

100.07.08.3

12.25.5

17.89.6

126.223.185.3

53.015.53.2

Services

Nov.1985

28.561.2

9.98.09.1

28.2

99.321.472.5

222.733.735.943.7

58.416.5

374.641.723.949.694.294.1

1,315.012.915.881.627.0

7.512.07.7

27.6261.331.793.812.6

341.812.35.2

10.819.612.38.78.57.4

102.87.48.8

12.55.0

18.19.6

132.925.591.4

53.516.33.1

Dec.1985P

28.561.5

9.98.09.1

28.2

99.521.472.8

221.833.436.143.7

58.316.6

370.640.823.848.893.692.0

1,320.312.915.681.026.9

7.312.07.6

27.6260.931.992.512.4

343.912.45.2

10.819.512.38.78.57.4

103.27.38.7

12.65.1

18.29.6

133.925.191.9

56.516.33.4

Governmen

Dec.1984

16.641.4

5.019.26.1

17.6

58.49.8

43.3

250.948.557.135.5

58.07.1

295.135.024.345.664.762.3

1,115.38.0

13.990.120.010.214.120.627.2

132.735.560.720.8

177.218.77.38.5

21.620.3

6.47.76.7

101.14.9

12.77.94.2

11.810.1

133.312.987.6

38.211.4

1.7

Nov.1985

16.842.3

5.221.7

6.317.7

58.210.043.0

258.749.055.636.3

58.87.2

304.539.426.346.368.663.7

1,189.88.1

14.392.720.310.914.721.227.6

138.635.562.222.1

189.119.67.88.5

22.321.4

7.07.96.8

103.85.0

12.68.54.2

11.910.1

140.413.990.5

38.711.5

1.7

t

Dec.1985P

16.842.9

5.120.76.3

17.8

58.210.043.0

259.149.356.236.5

58.67.3

304.539.826.246.268.164.0

1,192.08.1

14.292.620.211.014.721.227.6

138.835.462.322.1

189.519.77.88.5

22.221.4

7.07.96.8

104.45.0

12.68.54.2

12.010.1

140.013.790.5

38.611.3

1.8

Pennsylvania-ContinuedReadingScranton-Wilkes-Barre ..SharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro.Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg .

South Dakota .Sioux Falls ....

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .KnoxvilleMemphisNashville


UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden .

VermontBurlington .Springfield


80





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Mining

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Construction

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-AshlandParkersburg-MariettaWheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan

Virgin Islands


2,385.828.962.140.070.2

492.2595.7387.0109.3

1,663.7826.7

595.6106.899.457.458.3

1,982.9132.850.986.953.241.548.2

183.9669.967.944.141.8

191.3

699.241.349.242.1

427.4

36.3

2,473.929.663.540.971.2

514.2636.3397.7113.1

1,715.8851.7

593.3108.199.957.558.1

2,015.7137.951.788.653.337.949.4

191.7671.1

67.544.242.1

197.9

684.740.748.440.8

420.0

35.3

2,490.229.863.740.672.0

516.8644.7399.7113.9

1,711.3855.0

594.2108.3100.357.858.2

2,009.2137.951.188.353.238.549.8

190.4671.167.844.541.9

195.9

690.941.148.641.5

423.5

35.9

16.6.1.1.1.1.1.5.3.1

2.6.5

41.92.61.01.32.5

1.51000(1)0O000O1

26.2

.700

0

17.4.1.1.1.1.1.4.3.1

2.7.5

42.92.61.01.22.5

1.90OOOO00OO0O

26.0

0OO

0

17.4.1.1.1.1.1.4.4.1

2.6.5

42.62.61.01.22.4

1.4000O0000000

26.0

000

0

137.61.03.21.52.5

31.038.121.5

5.6

75.538.2

22.54.63.42.52.1

58.35.31.13.41.41.11.45.6

19.61.71.41.1

9.8

27.00O

1.720.5

2.0

152.91.13.61.52.8

33.044.824.46.6

83.641.0

25.35.34.12.62.3

64.66.71.43.71.51.01.16.4

20.12.11.41.4

9.3

21.8O0

1.616.0

2.2

153.01.13.51.52.9

33.545.624.06.5

80.740.4

24.65.14.02.62.3

59.46.41.13.41.4.9

1.06.3

19.72.01.51.3

8.2

21.600

1.815.7

2.3

81



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Dec.1984

422.410.010.117.526.#67.630.464.421.2

284.2157.7

90.513.420.914.97.9

515.946.5

9.222.319.115.711.020.4

175.225.919.111.0

8.5

151.013.819.48.4

68.3

2.3

Nov.1985

421.510.39.5

17.025.367.932.762.220.4

292.5165.9

86.413.219.814.28.0

514.647.9

9.123.418.712.211.121.5

169.225.118.111.7

8.7

151.913.719.68.5

68.2

1.9

Dec.1985P

421.010.49.6

16.825.567.732.762.020.4

290.4166.0

87.313.119.914.08.0

512.348.0

9.023.018.612.411.121.2

169.425.018.011.5

8.5

151.913.919.88.5

68.1

1.8


Dec.1984

130.91.22.01.03.1

24.740.021.6

8.3

90.753.9

39.09.08.12.23.3

91.94.72.76.12.21.52.16.2

34.02.31.32.1

15.6

16.2O00

12.0

2.4

Nov.1985

131.61.11.81.13.3

25.342.921.08.4

92.655.9

37.38.87.82.13.2

90.84.62.76.12.21.32.06.3

33.52.31.32.1

16.4

14.7OO0

11.7

2.3

Dec.1985P

132.51.21.81.13.3

25.043.321.0

8.5

92.156.3

37.48.87.82.13.2

90.94.62.76.12.21.32.16.3

34.22.31.32.0

16.2

14.4OO0

11.4

2.3


Dec.1984

543.26.8

11.08.1

13.4120.6138.294.028.6

416.5209.0

135.828.325.913.915.2

475.430.614.823.812.78.6

13.142.3

152.215.48.4

10.8

43.8

122.78.06.76.7

83.6

8.0

Nov.1985

563.86.9

12.38.9

14.3127.5145.694.629.6

427.3213.0

134.928.025.913.814.8

481.231.615.124.212.88.6

13.442.9

153.115.48.4

10.7

42.5

117.07.86.06.1

80.7

7.9

Dec.1985P

576.27.0

12.39.0

14.8129.8150.896.529.8

430.0215.9

136.128.426.214.315.1

484.631.615.024.312.98.7

13.643.3

154.515.88.5

10.8

42.0

121.38.16.26.4

83.7

8.3


WashingtonSeattle



Wyoming


Virgin Islands


82




B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Services

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Government

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke ,

WashingtonSeattle



Wyoming


Virgin Islands

117.71.13.51.13.2

21.435.629.66.5

94.960.2

23.55.63.82.12.9

104.16.41.92.81.5.9

1.314.744.3

2.31.83.8

8.0

29.2000

23.4

1.8

123.21.13.91.13.1

22.039.231.26.7

98.262.8

23.85.83.82.13.2

107.16.71.92.91.6.9

1.316.544.82.31.93.3

8.0

30.50OO

24.6

1.6!

123.11.13.91.13.1

21.739.131.06.6

98.463.1

23.85.83.82.13.1

107.46.71.92.91.6.9

1.416.744.62.41.93.3

7.9

30.6OOO

24.6

1.7

497.34.09.95.5

12.6102.9170.470.224.5

354.4179.6

108.822.216.311.214.9

410.422.810.817.510.07.4

12.137.2

163.512.16.67.1

29.3

93.400

7.468.5

6.2

530.64.1

10.65.8

13.0111.3183.575.326.9

371.0187.4

113.623.617.712.014.8

421.624.011.017.910.07.2

12.938.9

168.712.37.27.1

33.6

91.7(1)O

7.167.3

6.3

531.54.1

10.75.8

13.0111.4184.375.627.0

372.3188.2

113.323.617.712.014.8

420.724.211.018.010.07.5

12.938.6

167.112.27.47.1

33.3

93.1O0

7.268.2

6.5

519.94.9

22.35.29.3

123.5142.485.414.5

344.9127.6

133.621.219.99.39.4

325.416.210.610.76.36.47.3

57.480.8

8.15.45.7

50.1

259.015.015.715.0

150.6

13.6

532.85.0

21.75.49.2

127.1147.188.714.4

347.9125.2

129.220.919.99.59.3

333.916.310.510.46.4|6.77.6

58.981.4

7.95.95.8

53.4

256.514.615.314.5

151.1

13.1

535.65.0

21.85.29.3

127.5148.589.214.8

344.8124.6

129.221.019.99.59.2

332.516.310.410.66.56.77.6

57.981.38.15.95.8

53.8

257.214.615.314.5

151.4

13.0

1 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1984benchmarks.

83


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date

Year andmonth

Total private1

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Mining

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Construction

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

198019811982198319841985'

1985:JanuaryFebruary ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember.December"

1986:January"....

38.738.838.638.037.837.7

37.136.937.036.936.536.136.136.035.835.7

35.335.234.835.035.335.1

$2.362.462.562.682.853.04

3.233.453.703.944.244.534.865.255.696.16

6.667.257.688.028.338.58

$91.3395.4598.82

101.84107.73114.61

119.83127.31136.90145.39154.76163.53175.45189.00203.70219.91

235.10255.20267.26280.70294.05301.16

41.942.342.742.642.643.0

42.742.442.642.441.941.942.443.443.443.0

43.343.742.742.543.343.4

$2.812.923.053.193.353.60

3.854.064.444.755.235.956.466.947.678.49

9.1710.0410.7711.2811.6311.95

$117.74123.52130.24135.89142.71154.80

164.40172.14189.14201.40219.14249.31273.90301.20332.88365.07

397.06438.75459.88479.40503.58518.63

37.237.437.637.737.337.9

37.337.236.536.836.636.436.836.536.837.0

37.036.936.737.137.737.7

$3.553.703.894.114.414.79

5.245.696.066.416.817.317.718.108.669.27

9.9410.8211.6311.9412.1212.26

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

34.734.635.034.935.035.435.335.435.235.134.935.3

34.7

$8.508.528.528.548.538.568.548.548.688.658.688.72

8.74

$294.95294.79298.20298.05298.55303.02301.46302.32305.54303.62302.93307.82

303.28

42.943.243.643.343.543.742.943.343.743.243.344.1

43.7

$11.8611.9011.9111.9311.8611.9911.8811.9512.0011.9512.0212.20

12.25

$508.79514.08519.28516.57515.91523.96509.65517.44524.40516.24520.47538.02

535.33

36.436.637.737.838.138.138.638.338.538.236.737.0

37.2

$12.3012.3312.2212.2112.1912.1212.1612.2212.4012.3612.2212.43

12.31

$132.06138,38146.26154.95164.49181.54

195.45211.67221.19235.89249.25266.08283.73295.65318.69342.99

367.78399.26426.82442.97456.92462.20

$447.72451.28460.69461.54464.44461.77469.38468.03477.40472.15448.47459.91

457.93


85



C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Manufacturing

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Hourlyearnings,excludingovertime

Weeklyearnings

Transportation and publicutilities

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Wholesale trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

198019811982198319841985P

1985:JanuaryFebruary ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember.December*

1986:Januaryp....

40.741.241.440.640.740.6

39.839.940.540.740.039.540.140.340.440.2

39.739.838.940.140.740.5

$2.532.612.712.823.013.19

3.353.573.824.094.424.835.225.686.176.70

7.277.998.498.839.189.52

$2.432.502.592.712.883.05

3.233.453.663.914.254.675.025.445.916.43

7.027.728.258.528.819.14

$102.97107.53112.19114.49122.51129.51

133.33142.44154.71166.46176.80190.79209.32228.90249.27269.34

288.62318.00330.26354.08373.63385.56

41.141.341.240.540.640.7

40.540.140.440.540.239.739.839.940.039.9

39.639.439.039.039.439.4

$2.893.033.113.233.423.63

3.854.214.655.025.415.886.456.997.578.16

8.879.70

10.3210.7911.1111.38

$118.78125.14128.13130.82138.85147.74

155.93168.82187.86203.31217.48233.44256.71278.90302.80325.58

351.25382.18402.48420.81437.73448.37

40.740.840.740.340.140.2

39.939.539.439.338.838.738.738.838.838.8

38.538.538.338.538.638.7

$2.522.612.732.883.053.23

3.443.653.854.084.394.735.035.395.886.39

6.967.568.098.558.969.26


40.339.740.440.140.340.640.140.440.840.740.941.6

40.6

$9.439.439.459.489.489.509.539.489.559.549.619.72

9.69

$9.079.079.099.139.139.139.179.109.149.159.219.29

9.31

$380.03374.37381.78380.15382.04385.70382.15382.99389.64388.28393.05404.35

393.41

38.939.139.339.239.339.739.539.939.739.539.539.6

39.0

$11.2611.2711.2411.2711.2411.3211.3511.4011.5211.4611.5711.61

11.60

$438.01440.66441.73441.78441.73449.40448.33454.86457.34452.67457.02459.76

452.40

$102.56106.49111.11116.06122.31129.85

137.26144.18151.69160.34170.33183.05194.66209.13228.14247.93

267.96291.06309.85329.18345.86358.36

$351.74352.20353.82354.82357.59360.99359.68358.90362.00357.98361.62366.99

360.58


86



C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Retail trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings


Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Services

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

1964..1965..1966..1967..1968..1969..

1970..1971 ..1972..1973..1974..1975..1976..1977..1978..1979..

1980..1981 ..1982..1983..1984..1985P

1985:JanuaryFebruary ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember.December

1986:Januaryp....

37.036.635.935.334.734.2

33.833.733.433.132.732.432.131.631.030.6

30.230.129.929.830.029.7

$1.751.821.912.012.162.30

2.442.602.752.913.143.363.573.854.204.53

4.885.255.485.745.885.97

$64.7566.6168.5770.9574.9578.66

82.4787.6291.8596.32

102.68108.86114.60121.66130.20138.62

147.38158.03163.85171.05176.40177.31

37.337.237.337.137.037.1

36.736.636.636.636.536.536.436.436.436.2

36.236.336.236.236.536.4

$2.302.392.472.582.752.93

3.073.223.363.533.774.064.274.544.895.27

5.796.316.787.297.627.93

$85.7988.9192.1395.72

101.75108.70

112.67117.85122.98129.20137.61148.19155.43165.26178.00190.77

209.60229.05245.44263.90278.13288.65

36.135.935.535.134.734.7

34.433.933.933.833.633.533.333.032.832.7

32.632.632.632.732.832.8

$1.942.052.172.292.422.61

2.813.043.273.473.754.024.314.654.995.36

5.856.416.927.317.647.95


29.129.129.429.429.830.230.430.329.729.429.329.9

28.7

$5.975.995.975.965.975.945.935.915.995.976.005.99

6.05

$173.73174.31175.52175.22177.91179.39180.27179.07177.90175.52175.80179.10

173.64

36.436.436.436.436.336.736.336.336.436.336.236.7

36.4

$7.777.877.877.857.837.957.877.908.038.008.058.14

8.13

$282.83286.47286.47285.74284.23291.77285.68286.77292.29290.40291.41298.74

295.93

32.532.632.632.632.733.033.133.132.832.832.732.8

32.6

$7.847.877.877.897.887.917.867.878.048.048.108.18

8.19

$70.0373.6077.0480.3883.9790.57

96.66103.06110.85117.29126.00134.67143.52153.45163.67175.27

190.71208.97225.59239.04250.59260.76

$254.80256.56256.56257.21257.68261.03260.17260.50263.71263.71264.87268.30

266.99

1 Data relate to production workers in mining andmanufacturing; construction workers in construction; andnonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently

projected from March 1984 benchmark levels. When morerecent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted datafrom April 1984 forward are subject to revision.

87


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailedindustry

Industry1972SIC

Code

Average weekly hours

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Average overtime hours

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Total private .

Mining

Metal mining ...Iron oresCopper ores .

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining .

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids .Oil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .Crushed and broken stone

Construction

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction .

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway .

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...Painting, paper hanging, and decoratingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing.

Durable goods .



Millwork, plywood, and structural members .MillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood



Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furniture ....Metal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniture .Partitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures .



1001102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

32321322

35.5

44.1

41.238.342.1

41.241.2

45.342.646.4

44.546.0

37.6

37.036.039.437.7

41.039.441.8

36.838.335.039.435.135.132.2

41.2

42.1

39.838.140.841.040.540.740.340.340.842.038.336.135.940.6

40.640.140.140.341.139.242.441.540.141.4

41.844.140.9

34.7

42.9

40.439.742.0

40.940.9

44.143.244.5

41.942.5

36.4

35.935.238.536.3

39.839.939.7

35.737.934.038.333.334.130.0

40.3

41.1

39.037.840.240.340.339.438.639.240.441.337.035.135.339.8

39.439.039.238.939.637.741.040.039.339.5

40.543.940.6

34.9

43.3

40.939.341.7

40.140.1

44.542.145.5

44.345.2

36.7

36.535.740.037.0

39.838.440.6

35.937.433.738.634.234.531.4

40.9

41.5

39.537.640.340.440.040.140.739.039.341.238.437.737.940.0

39.839.039.638.538.838.140.940.741.241.6

41.847.141.2

35.3

44.1

42.041.141.8

41.941.9

45.143.745.7

43.945.3

37.0

36.936.240.037.2

39.037.040.0

36.438.634.339.534.634.831.8

41.6

42.4

40.137.941.041.141.340.940.940.440.642.138.437.137.540.7

41.040.340.540.640.238.841.741.942.143.4

41.744.941.9

34.7

43.7

37.2

40.6

41.3

39.6

39.5

41.0

3.6

3.9

3.13.53.84.02.83.22.33.33.24.72.31.41.23.0

2.92.72.82.73.11.73.83.72.72.6

4.55.54.2

3.2

3.4

2.72.93.53.62.82.41.62.32.93.91.81.21.12.8

2.22.02.21.92.31.33.22.72.11.9

3.95.84.0

3.5

3.7

3.13.23.63.83.13.12.73.02.64.52.22.12.13.1

2.62.22.61.81.91.82.83.23.53.5

4.77.54.5

3.8

4.1

3.32.73.83.93.63.53.03.63.24.72.42.12.03.3

3.12.82.83.22.62.13.54.33.63.4

4.46.34.4

3.3

3.5

88


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS


C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code

Average hourly earnings

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Average weekly earnings

Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Total private

Mining

Metal miningIron oresCopper ores

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquidsOil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting, paper hanging, and decoratingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods



Millwork, plywood, and structural membersMillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood



Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures



10101102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

32321322

$8.46

11.70

13.3212.8613.59

15.2015.27

10.7913.129.94

10.009.27

12.26

11.0210.389.44

11.75

11.8710.3812.50

12.9513.0311.8414.3712.8911.9611.24

9.40

9.96

8.0910.688.478.955.997.898.057.106.349.905.797.167.136.94

6.996.425.906.996.607.037.857.548.397.47

9.6813.4810.61

$8.50

11.86

13.2912.7413.88

15.1815.25

10.9413.2710.02

10.039.15

12.30

11.0910.519.53

11.77

11.9510.1212.64

12.9613.0812.1914.2012.9811.8511.33

9.43

9.99

8.1010.708.498.976.057.938.077.136.509.865.757.107.136.97

7.016.435.897.006.587.137.967.608.347.58

9.7013.5610.69

$8.68

12.02

13.4913.0313.64

15.2715.32

11.1513.4610.23

10.309.79

12.22

11.1710.519.26

11.93

11.7010.9712.06

12.8713.0211.9214.3412.8711.9511.24

9.61

10.21

8.2811.168.579.006.388.148.367.326.699.815.817.367.437.08

7.346.706.217.246.967.088.187.818.997.82

9.9014.2110.81

$8.72

12.20

13.4813.0313.51

15.3515.39

11.3913.8410.38

10.249.57

12.43

11.3110.669.32

12.06

11.9411.0112.34

13.0813.1312.0414.5412.9612.1311.63

9.72

10.33

8.3011.148.599.036.438.188.407.426.769.755.897.487.547.09

7.406.776.277.366.937.128.218.019.077.71

9.9214.0810.86

$8.74

12.25

12.31

9.69

10.28

8.28

7.39

9.97

$300.33

515.97

548.78492.54572.14

626.24629.12

488.79558.91461.22

445.00426.42

460.98

407.74373.68371.94442.98

486.67408.97522.50

476.56499.05414.40566.18452.44419.80361.93

387.28

419.32

321.98406.91345.58366.95242.60321.12324.42286.13258.67415.80221.76258.48255.97281.76

283.79257.44236.59281.70271.26275.58332.84312.91336.44309.26

404.62594.47433.95

$294.95

508.79

536.92505.78582.96

620.86623.73

482.45573.26445.89

420.26388.88

447.72

398.13369.95366.91427.25

475.61403.79501.81

462.67495.73414.46543.86432.23404.09339.90

380.03

410.59

315.90404.46341.30361.49243.82312.44311.50279.50262.60407.22212.75249.21251.69277.41

276.19250.77230.89272.30260.57268.80326.36304.00327.76299.41

392.85595.28434.01

$302.93

520.47

551.74512.08568.79

612.33614.33

496.18566.67465.47

456.29442.51

448.47

407.71375.21370.40441.41

465.66421.25489.64

462.03486.95401.70553.52440.15412.28352.94

393.05

423.72

327.06419.62345.37363.60255.20326.41340.25285.48262.92404.17223.10277.47281.60283.20

292.13261.30245.92278.74270.05269.75334.56317.87370.39325.31

413.82669.29445.37

$307.82

538.02

566.16535.53564.72

643.17644.84

513.69604.81474.37

449.54433.52

459.91

417.34385.89372.80448.63

465.66407.37493.60

476.11506.82412.97574.33448.42422.12369.83

404.35

437.99

332.83422.21352.19371.13265.56334.56343.56299.77274.46410.48226.18277.51282.75288.56

303.40272.83253.94298.82278.59276.26342.36335.62381.85334.61

413.66632.19455.03

$303.28

535.33

457.93

393.41

424*56

327.89

291.91

408.77

89




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products—Continued




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products









Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..Hardware, nee












90

3221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

35351351135193523523

41.140.741.640.541.939.842.043.943.639.742.843.042.7

41.639.939.143.641.641.741.740.043.242.943.243.042.943.243.343.4

42.342.842.741.040.641.140.439.740.641.842.241.043.040.641.643.443.043.744.443.147.741.541.741.442.441.640.541.542.140.7

42.842.743.142.539.939.4

40.540.841.140.040.539.340.041.841.437.641.341.342.6

41.039.638.942.040.340.539.039.341.841.943.242.842.243.642.142.2

41.242.442.740.939.841.339.540.638.340.540.439.742.039.840.342.842.543.042.942.645.440.240.540.041.641.240.640.540.739.9

41.741.839.442.639.939.1

41.940.442.041.241.140.342.444.043.140.341.539.542.4

41.841.541.243.941.241.438.540.041.140.642.841.443.242.642.042.8

41.643.043.541.341.041.340.640.840.041.242.041.042.439.939.842.441.443.343.041.944.641.440.940.541.941.741.340.640.640.5

41.842.642.042.940.440.5

42.840.842.341.041.640.941.544.142.638.342.141.244.9

42.642.141.844.942.342.541.740.842.342.043.442.743.543.443.243.8

42.645.345.942.341.542.742.042.042.041.943.541.343.040.341.443.542.344.644.344.146.342.041.741.143.042.842.341.541.540.9

42.842.542.642.540.840.5

41.540.7

41.4

41.5

4.93.33.93.03.73.05.76.05.95.04.23.84.1

3.82.52.34.03.73.93.02.84.13.75.44.95.55.84.64.8

3.94.74.83.22.43.62.32.12.53.53.72.64.43.12.85.04,85.25.44.67.33.63.93.64.62.71.93.03.62.5

4.24.86.34.32.52.3

4.53.43.63.03.32.34.54.44.73.93.63.24.0

3.62.82.63.73.33.72.22.13.53.55.24.35.05.93.93.9

3.44.85.23.31.84.21.92.71.52.72.61.93.72.52.44.44.24.64.84.16.63.13.43.04.32.52.02.52.82.2

3.54.43.34.82.62.2

5.23.63.43.23.93.16.26.95.95.53.71.83.4

4.03.43.43.94.04.62.02.63.53.35.03.65.65.23.94.3

3.65.45.83.22.53.62.52.52.43.43.53.33.62.64.14.33.55.24.63.95.93.33.43.04.42.72.82.73.02.7

3.54.35.83.72.32.3

5.53.03.63.04.03.35.26.55.14.33.82.54.5

4.33.73.65.24.55.22.83.03.43.35.34.05.65.84.55.0

4.05.66.03.62.84.23.43.13.73.64.13.24.12.84.14.73.95.65.45.26.73.93.83.44.83.02.73.23.62.8

4.15.25.65.02.22.1





Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products—Continued




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products









Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..Hardware, nee












3221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

35351351135193523523

$11.0210.128.25

13.407.858.439.427.988.47

10.359.779.239.90

11.4912.9513.5210.7010.3410.7211.149.67

13.6414.1911.0810.0513.7410.799.399.66

9.5812.6913.449.518.639.988.628.188.679.039.367.36

10.089.299.018.968.369.59

11.2912.2013.258.547.647.567.83

10.069.658.909.558.05

10.1613.2512.7913.419.74

10.47

$11.0510.278.37

13.368.008.469.347.938.43

10.289.739.269.77

11.5513.0713.6310.8810.4310.9210.979.54

13.7014.0711.049.97

13.5910.809.339.55

9.5912.8113.539.738.66

10.328.488.308.448.999.167.39

10.059.329.008.978.359.61

11.3312.3013.288.587.657.557.889.949.538.869.478.01

10.1313.2312.3513.519.49

10.22

$11.1310.398.61

13.608.178.739.608.288.54

10.5310.029.33

10.00

11.7613.4414.0910.7210.6511.1711.179.70

13.9514.5511.159.94

13.8010.849.369.60

9.7313.2213.949.778.90

10.258.778.618.559.029.307.45

10.209.358.449.248.669.79

11.6312.2913.698.837.797.678.05

10.3610.118.979.668.10

10.4813.0913.0713.1010.1411.10

$11.2610.338.60

13.258.068.709.638.298.53

10.6810.169.54

10.25

11.8313.4514.0510.9910.8011.3511.119.82

13.7614.4111.269.94

14.0211.089.509.79

9.8613.4014.109.888.96

10.418.988.668.939.149.497.55

10.189.488.609.308.729.85

11.7612.5913.798.897.897.758.20

10.4910.099.119.898.19

10.5513.3113.1113.3910.0911.11

$11.7813.34

9.82

10.51

$452.92411.88343.20542.70328.92335.51395.64350.32369.29410.90418.16396.89422.73

477.98516.71528.63466.52430.14447.02464.54386.80589.25608.75478.66432.15589.45466.13406.59419.24

405.23543.13573.89389.91350.38410.18348.25324.75352.00377.45394.99301.76433.44377.17374.82388.86359.48419.08501.28525.82632.03354.41318.59312.98331.99418.50390.83369.35402.06327.64

434.85565.78551.25569.93388.63412.52

$447.53419.02344.01534.40324.00332.48373.60331.47349.00386.53401.85382.44416.20

473.55517.57530.21456.96420.33442.26427.83374.92572.66589.53476.93426.72573.50470.88392.79403.01

395.11543.14577.73397.96344.67426.22334.96336.98323.25364.10370.06293.38422.10370.94362.70383.92354.88413.23486.06523.98602.91344.92309.83302.00327.81409.53386.92358.83385.43319.60

422.42553.01486.59575.53378.65399.60

$466.35419.76361.62560.32335.79351.82407.04364.32368.07424.36415.83368.54424.00

491.57557.76580.51470.61438.78462.44430.05388.00573.35590.73477.22411.52596.16461.78393.12410.88

404.77568.46606.39403.50364.90423.33356.06351.29342.00371.62390.60305.45432.48373.07335.91391.78358.52423.91500.09514.95610.57365.56318.61310.64337.30432.01417.54364.18392.20328.05

438.06557.63548.94561.99409.66449.55

$481.93421.46363.78543.25335.30355.83399.65365.59363.38409.04427.74393.05460.23

503.96566.25587.29493.45456.84482.38463.29400.66582.05605.22488.68424.44609.87480.87410.40428.80

420.04607.02647.19417.92371.84444.51377.16363.72375.06382.97412.82311.82437.74382.04356.04404.55368.86439.31520.97555.22638.48373.38329.01318.53352.60448.97426.81378.07410.44334.97

451.54565.68558.49569.08411.67449.96

$488.87542.94

406.55

436.17

91




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Durable goods—ContinuedMachinery, except electrical—Continued

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipment....Industrial trucks and tractors





Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valvesMachinery, except electrical, nee


TransformersSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus





Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment .



35335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

36361361236133623621362236336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

42.641.642.943.442.743.044.043.643.944.543.843.443.142.742.443.242.542.043.842.742.442.040.843.543.742.542.642.442.142.5

41.841.843.140.641.942.441.240.740.543.640.540.240.640.142.438.440.740.843.344.142.941.642.841.841.942.242.742.0

41.741.941.042.940.140.742.942.841.443.942.441.241.641.741.640.641.541.343.041.240.041.341.141.942.240.140.741.843.141.6

40.741.041.740.440.741.439.439.839.740.838.839.741.538.440.538.739.039.741.642.241.440.843.340.740.940.840.241.5

41.942.341.742.042.640.142.542.242.843.441.340.342.343.041.541.641.540.543.242.140.741.041.142.742.841.041.440.841.140.8

41.342.042.641.540.841.040.240.638.541.141.440.642.139.742.338.940.840.442.241.442.441.042.341.041.241.944.541.9

42.943.542.042.744.041.444.044.943.744.643.042.243.343.343.342.342.642.443.342.442.642.042.144.344.541.741.841.943.341.7

42.243.245.241.341.742.040.741.041.140.840.241.340.541.142.240.741.541.942.841.943.142.643.642.743.042.645.042.8

41.4

3.83.03.54.44.63.95.64.95.66.45.14.84.53.73.14.33.83.14.44.13.04.63.13.73.84.04.04.23.74.3

3.43.34.22.63.64.13.22.92.84.12.52.72.82.73.32.03.33.23.94.83.53.42.34.03.73.63.44.1

2.82.32.83.42.92.54.94.13.36.13.94.13.62.92.63.33.02.83.82.71.43.53.02.72.83.13.44.04.93.8

2.82.73.32.22.73.41.42.41.91.71.92.43.31.82.41.82.22.52.72.92.73.02.73.63.13.12.63.7

3.12.92.73.44.13.14.74.34.75.73.62.14.13.62.84.23.32.74.33.22.43.43.23.02.92.83.03.73.93.7

3.13.53.63.42.62.92.13.12.72.23.22.92.82.23.02.13.63.03.12.33.42.92.23.23.13.74.84.2

3.83.83.53.55.33.95.45.65.76.54.31.84.53.73.34.33.73.44.03.63.64.13.83.63.53.23.44.25.34.0

3.43.43.43.43.43.62.93.34.32.12.53.22.82.73.02.53.73.83.32.93.53.44.22.73.94.04.84.5


92





Industry1972SICuooe

35335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

36361361236133623621362236336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

Dec.1984

$10.8211.8311.5310.769.909.2910.4010.4110.7811.129.398.3210.0110.347.82

10.169.9710.5010.0610.358.8910.5910.099.068.9910.0110.349.8512.359.47

9.328.918.988.839.459.429.249.0510.4811.036.858.539.717.948.996.579.319.5411.1211.0411.168.1010.219.497.4210.3010.5611.04

Average

Jan.1985

$10.7611.7011.3910.779.909.3110.3910.3610.6711.089.418.3410.0410.317.8710.549.9010.4810.0710.148.7210.4910.058.988.909.9310.279.9512.869.47

9.338.828.918.739.449.469.149.1610.3910.817.038.619.997.818.886.749.219.4811.0710.7811.218.1710.339.567.4610.2710.4710.99

} hourly earnings

Nov.1985

$11.0212.0811.4511.209.969.3610.8110.8511.1311.589.688.3010.4310.668.1410.9910.2110.8210.4210.169.0710.6310.179.689.6610.2110.5610.0812.659.70

9.618.988.869.099.669.679.289.3010.6110.967.098.709.938.089.196.439.529.9411.3610.8411.558.4710.739.717.9010.5311.0611.20

Dec.1985P

$11.1412.2611.8311.1810.169.3410.8810.8811.2911.659.818.3810.4710.608.1811.0010.2610.9010.5210.179.0910.7810.239.679.6110.3110.6610.2213.099.78

9.708.998.909.089.699.709.339.4010.7411.057.088.819.908.319.206.559.8210.2811.4511.0311.598.5511.029.777.9610.6411.0011.43

Jan.1986P

-_-

-

$9.66_

-

--

--

_


Dec.1984

$460.93492.13494.64466.98422.73399.47457.60453.88473.24494.84411.28361.09431.43441.52331.57438.91423.73441.00440.63441.95376.94444.78411.67394.11392.86425.43440.48417.64519.94402.48

389.58372.44387.04358.50395.96399.41380.69368.34424.44480.91277.43342.91394.23318.39381.18252.29378.92389.23481.50486.86478.76336.96436.99396.68310.90434.66450.91463.68

Jan.1985

$448.69490.23466.99462.03396.99378.92445.73443.41441.74486.41398.98343.61417.66429.93327.39427.92410.85432.82433.01417.77348.80433.24413.06376.26375.58398.19417.99415.91554.27393.95

379.73361.62371.55352.69384.21391.64360.12364.57412.48441.05272.76341.82414.59299.90359.64260.84359.19376.36460.51454.92464.09333.34447.29389.09305.11419.02420.89456.09

Nov.1985

$461.74510.98477.47470.40424.30375.34459.43457.87476.36502.57399.78334.49441.19458.38337.81457.18423.72438.21450.14427.74369.15435.83417.99413.34413.45418.61437.18411.26519.92395.76

396.89377.16377.44377.24394.13396.47373.06377.58408.49450.46293.53353.22418.05320.78388.74250.13388.42401.58479.39448.78489.72347.27453.88398.11325.48441.21492.17469.28

Dec.1985P

$477.91533.31496.86477.39447.04386.68478.72488.51493.37519.59421.83353.64453.35458.98354.19465.30437.08462.16455.52431.21387.23452.76430.68428.38427.65429.93445.59428.22566.80407.83

409.34388.37402.28375.00404.07407.40379.73385.40441.41450.84284.62363.85400.95341.54388.24266.59407.53430.73490.06462.16499.53364.23480.47417.18342.28453.26495.00489.20

Jan.1986P

_-

$399.92_

_

-

_

_

-_-

__

__

Durable goods—ContinuedMachinery, except electrical—Continued

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipmentIndustrial trucks and tractors





Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valvesMachinery, except electrical, nee


TransformersSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus





Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment .




93




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986"

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers



Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.



Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instruments .Measuring and controlling devices




Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and supplies .Watches, clocks, and watchcases



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .Sporting and athletic goods, nee





Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meats .Poultry dressing plants



Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill products ....Prepared feeds, nee


3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

20201201120132016202202220262032032203320372042041204820520512052

43.945.046.141.744.542.343.7

43.945.041.141.041.439.943.143.842.138.2

42.442.943.040.045.943.443.540.840.141.542.243.142.4

39.939.939.440.639.939.240.541.538.037.140.041.0

40.040.540.241.740.538.641.039.941.938.941.238.538.744.546.143.539.538.342.7

43.144.345.041.344.239.742.3

42.743.240.740.940.139.542.342.340.938.6

41.141.840.939.441.341.842.240.340.540.140.042.839.2

38.637.837.038.838.237.438.939.937.536.539.439.9

39.239.539.440.939.337.940.738.941.638.040.438.037.644.246.443.138.337.141.3

42.943.644.141.943.541.043.1

43.144.440.741.139.641.842.943.238.437.9

41.342.540.839.741.740.540.541.741.641.939.542.938.0

40.241.040.340.139.338.739.841.040.640.740.240.5

40.040.240.141.841.038.041.539.743.038.840.438.337.244.147.043.039.038.540.2

44.145.245.443.045.443.243.5

43.445.241.942.340.640.944.444.839.938.2

42.843.842.641.145.741.643.043.544.043.140.643.038.8

40.641.140.842.139.337.640.642.040.940.840.841.5

40.540.739.740.941.137.941.839.942.940.241.939.739.445.046.743.639.839.141.8

42.843.6

41.1

39.5

39.739.7

5.46.37.44.35.73.25.5

6.96.43.33.62.52.73.43.33.21.0

2.93.52.61.83.62.73.82.62.13.02.43.63.2

2.32.93.11.92.11.32.73.11.71.02.32.8

3.13.83.84.34.33.13.93.54.43.36.13.03.15.86.35.83.23.23.1

5.26.37.73.75.72.04.4

5.24.93.13.42.21.54.75.02.71.2

2.43.02.11.72.72.23.22.42.62.11.73.11.6

1.71.51.51.01.41.11.62.71.4.9

2.12.3

2.83.43.33.83.52.53.62.94.33.05.92.92.85.96.55.42.72.82.5

5.15.56.03.95.42.65.3

6.35.74.45.12.52.94.85.11.91.5

2.83.42.11.72.71.92.23.63.24.01.83.51.3

2.74.64.52.12.01.52.41.83.13.62.82.6

3.34.04.14.64.43.54.43.65.33.14.93.02.35.66.35.53.33.62.7

5.96.67.04.96.64.35.9

6.76.54.75.52.42.85.35.82.91.6

3.33.82.52.93.12.23.64.43.94.82.13.71.8

3.04.04.13.62.21.62.73.23.02.93.03.2

3.54.03.63.94.22.94.33.75.13.56.92.83.15.95.95.73.53.63.4

3.1


94





Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1965

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers



Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..



Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instrumentsMeasuring and controlling devices




Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, and watchcases



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee





Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry dressing plants



Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee



3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

20201201120132016202202220262032032203320372042041204820520512052

$12.6213.2714.7110.3912.588.9912.59

12.8911.6410.3711.168.0712.5711.9212.1310.268.85

9.039.738.908.348.869.2910.177.867.987.776.9411.816.78

7.167.737.826.986.556.296.767.615.775.267.798.27

8.558.457.168.008.755.648.948.449.167.909.517.947.4310.3310.257.999.569.619.44

$12.6713.4114.9510.3212.669.0112.50

12.7411.4810.4011.218.0012.4512.0512.2510.078.64

9.009.838.758.358.848.9610.077.928.057.806.8111.856.81

7.237.697.786.886.696.456.877.585.785.327.888.32

8.598.487.157.958.685.648.988.399.247.919.338.197.2310.3110.177.859.609.619.59

$12.8313.5514.8410.8312.969.5112.70

13.1011.5810.7411.588.2512.6712.1712.399.978.44

9.3010.039.068.759.209.2510.058.328.398.297.0112.326.91

7.357.927.996.966.736.496.947.685.945.498.108.48

8.758.587.288.148.705.859.438.749.787.759.487.557.1510.5110.398.019.739.679.89

$13.0313.8315.0311.2913.349.6712.79

13.0811.6710.8211.698.2412.7012.1412.4110.398.67

9.4210.189.279.139.299.4810.268.398.458.397.0812.386.90

7.468.028.106.956.836.656.977.716.105.628.188.65

8.848.697.308.168.675.909.438.789.758.089.828.027.5410.5510.198.079.819.6710.13

$12.9213.72

9.36

7.51

8.828.69

$554.02597.15678.13433.26559.81380.28550.18

565.87523.80426.21457.56334.10501.54513.75531.29431.95338.07

382.87417.42382.70333.60406.67403.19442.40320.69320.00322.46292.87509.01287.47

285.68308.43308.11283.39261.35246.57273.78315.82219.26 i195.15311.60339.07

342.00342.23287.83333.60354.38217.70366.54336.76383.80307.31391.81305.69287.54459.69472.53347.57377.62368.06403.09

$546.08594.06672.75426.22559.57357.70528.75

544.00495.94423.28458.49320.80491.78509.72518.18411.86333.50

369.90410.89357.88328.99365.09374.53424.95319.18326.03312.78272.40507.18266.95

279.08290.68287.86266.94255.56241.23267.24302.44216.75194.18310.47331.97

336.73334.96281.71325.16341.12213.76365.49326.37384.38300.58376.93311.22271.85455.70471.89338.34367.68356.53396.07

$550.41590.78654.44453.78563.76389.91547.37

564.61514.15437.12475.94326.70529.61522.09535.25382.85319.88

384.09426.28369.65347.38383.64374.63407.03346.94349.02347.35276.90528.53262.58

295.47324.72322.00279.10264.49251.16276.21314.88241.16223.44325.62343.44

350.00344.92291.93340.25356.70222.30391.35346.98420.54300.70382.99289.17265.98463.49488.33344.43379.47372.30397.58

$574.62625.12682.36485.47605.64417.74556.37

567.67527.48453.36494.49334.54519.43539.02555.97414.56331.19

403.18445.88394.90375.24424.55394.37441.18364.97371.80361.61287.45532.34267.72

302.88329.62330.48292.60268.42250.04282.98323.82249.49229.30333.74358.98

358.02353.68289.81333.74356.34223.61394.17350.32418.28324.82411.46318.39297.08474.75475.87351.85390.44378.10423.43

$552.98598.19

384.70

296.65

350.15344.99

95




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued






Textile mill productsWeaving mills, cottonWeaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills




Yam mills, except woolThrowing and winding mills













2062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

41.745.539.944.940.743.139.239.1

38.838.2

39.439.440.041.839.737.539.237.136.736.137.241.141.441.840.938.538.336.642.8

36.436.536.536.536.636.734.834.133.334.336.235.735.437.137.035.637.439.538.538.742.6

43.845.745.944.242.743.842.943.242.844.143.044.2

40.044.137.743.939.642.338.637.3

37.337.4

39.039.739.442.139.336.838.735.735.934.738.239.640.739.339.538.738.937.342.5

35.835.835.635.036.036.334.434.333.433.435.435.835.835.836.535.636.138.637.536.542.7

42.944.544.644.741.842.942.342.441.841.942.542.2

42.447.040.744.140.342.239.237.5

36.436.4

41.241.541.340.940.639.239.338.038.338.541.443.043.841.942.642.042.738.743.8

36.936.137.637.237.237.435.134.634.134.636.237.437.835.637.637.037.439.538.739.641.1

43.545.245.344.742.543.642.743.142.442.743.043.2

42.147.040.045.040.943.539.339.0

38.036.9

41.541.641.242.340.839.640.036.439.637.742.043.944.943.243.142.243.038.544.1

37.236.637.637.137.336.835.534.634.934.536.537.337.436.537.736.937.340.339.440.042.2

44.346.246.244.643.344.443.643.943.543.743.845.7

36.8

40.9

36.7

43.3

3.66.62.56.13.24.92.73.6

1.92.0

2.93.02.93.62.12.23.61.41.81.22.14.34.35.33.32.52.62.43.9

1.31.11.01.01.2.9

1.1.1.0.7.9

1.41.41.51.21.0.7

1.32.71.72.25.5

5.06.66.77.23.63.44.14.14.24.54.44.9

3.06.01.95.32.95.22.13.3

1.0.7

2.63.02.63.61.91.93.41.21.4.7

2.43.23.53.43.02.72.82.53.5

1.11.0.8.6

1.1.8

1.1.9.9.6

1.41.11.11.1.9.7.9

2.31.31.35.4

4.66.46.56.93.33.03.93.73.73.44.33.8

4.78.43.55.43.66.32.83.6

1.11.2

4.04.73.73.33.22.82.82.12.52.14.45.76.65.14.34.44.83.14.8

1.5.9

1.41.41.41.31.2.9.9

1.11.61.81.81.81.61.61.22.71.73.04.6

4.86.46.66.93.53.23.54.44.24.34.54.1

4.58.42.96.33.96.43.24.0

1.31.1

4.14.93.73.52.83.03.01.63.12.34.86.07.25.64.34.55.03.15.2

1.61.01.41.51.21.51.31.01.0.9

1.81.61.52.01.61.4.9

3.21.93.45.5

5.16.56.77.13.83.64.14.44.74.44.96.8

96





Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued






Textile mill productsWeaving mills, cottonWeaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills




Yarn mills, except woolThrowing and winding mills













2062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

2222\222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

$8.269.347.128.70

11.0415.418.357.70

11.1713.93

6.576.787.016.886.206.055.985.655.965.666.746.997.067.486.726.106.086.037.44

5.686.665.154.915.285.115.555.155.846.285.305.175.095.555.014.905.426.865.185.69

11.15

10.6612.7812.8313.259.29

10.648.448.769.139.459.349.24

$8.359.487.178.63

11.0915.518.367.70

11.3914.18

6.596.857.046.916.286.096.105.725.945.686.756.926.987.386.776.086.056.067.33

5.736.705.265.065.395.205.555.185.796.235.335.275.195.685.084.925.486.965.305.81

11.13

10.6312.8112.8713.139.27

10.608.478.719.029.229.338.78

$8.569.667.488.67

11.5016.188.777.74

12.0814.99

6.797.117.247.276.476.196.145.936.055.766.827.207.247.667.036.386.386.347.60

5.756.645.305.105.295.345.635.165.826.555.375.235.086.025.104.945.566.925.495.88

11.16

10.9713.4413.5613.999.35

10.778.518.909.309.599.589.05

$8.569.617.438.68

11.6316.268.957.88

11.8715.06

6.837.117.317.246.436.256.195.906.145.776.887.247.237.787.076.396.416.367.75

5.816.685.355.175.265.405.645.175.846.645.375.325.186.055.164.995.537.075.445.93

11.54

11.0513.3813.5014.089.47

10.898.638.989.489.899.689.41

$11.89

6.84

5.85

10.97

$344.44424.97284.09390.63449.33664.17327.32301.07

433.40532.13

258.86267.13280.40287.58246.14226.88234.42209.62218.73204.33250.73287.29292.28312.66274.85234.85232.86220.70318.43

206.75243.09187.98179.22193.25187.54193.14175.62194.47215.40191.86184.57180.19205.91185.37174.44202.71270.97199.43220.20474.99

466.91584.05588.90585.65396.68466.03362.08378.43390.76416.75401.62408.41

$334.00418.07270.31378.86439.16656.07322.70287.21

424.85530.33

257.01271.95277.38290.91246.80224.11236.07204.20213.25197.10257.85274.03284.09290.03267.42235.30235.35226.04311.53

205.13239.86187.26177.10194.04188.76190.92177.67193.39208.08188.68188.67185.80203.34185.42175.15197.83268.66198.75212.07475.25

456.03570.05574.00586.91387.49454.74358.28369.30377.04386.32396.53370.52

$362.94454.02304.44382.35463.45682.80343.78290.25

439.71545.64

279.75295.07299.01297.34262.68242.65241.30225.34231.72221.76282.35309.60317.11320.95299.48267.96272.43245.36332.88

212.18239.70199.28189.72196.79199.72197.61178.54198.46226.63194.39195.60192.02214.31191.76182.78207.94273.34212.46232.85458.68

477.20607.49614.27625.35397.38469.57363.38383.59394.32409.49411.94390.96

$360.38451.67297.20390.60475.67707.31351.74307.32

451.06555.71

283.45295.78301.17306.25262.34247.50247.60214.76243.14217.53288.96317.84324.63336.10304.72269.66275.63244.86341.78

216.13244.49201.16191.81196.20198.72200.22178.88203.82229.08196.01198.44193.73220.83194.53184.13206.27284.92214.34237.20486.99

489.52618.16623.70627.97410.05483.52376.27394.22412.38432.19423.98430.04

$437.55

279.76

214.70

475.00

97




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPrinting and publishing

NewspapersPeriodicalsBooks



Commercial printing, letterpress ..Commercial printing, lithographic




Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, noncellulosic




Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .


Petroleum and coal products ...Petroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials .

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose



Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic,

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods .


Railroad transportation:Class I railroads2

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationIntercity highway transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminals .Public warehousing

Pipe lines, except natural gas .


272712722732731273227427527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

4011

41411413

42421,3422

46

38.334.538.139.838.142.335.539.539.139.443.240.139.6

42.442.142.542.643.842.541.541.242.345.440.143.241.443.443.643.343.442.7

42.943.242.9

42.143.737.5

42.341.942.0

37.140.336.436.336.539.836.5

39.5

42.4

33.838.337.5

39.239.239.5

40.9

37.533.038.239.438.640.535.438.838.338.941.538.938.6

41.941.642.042.543.642.340.740.540.843.538.941.540.743.643.743.643.141.7

42.843.142.2

41.543.837.1

42.141.541.2

36.439.535.935.535.837.836.4

38.9

41.0

33.138.138.2

37.937.937.9

41.6

38.134.638.738.837.241.236.639.438.939.441.938.639.1

42.041.741.742.543.842.041.341.040.744.238.541.140.743.843.843.842.542.5

43.444.042.7

41.341.639.2

42.741.841.1

37.741.237.035.837.940.237.9

39.5

44.1

33.338.338.4

38.238.139.6

42.2

38.835.039.040.038.242.836.840.039.340.043.740.639.0

42.441.942.342.544.141.941.741.742.245.340.442.341.243.844.643.543.242.5

43.944.542.9

42.043.339.6

43.342.341.8

38.041.537.536.737.940.036.9

39.6

44.5

34.238.839.3

38.938.839.1

42.0

37.6

41.6

43.6

41.3

36.9

39.0

2.91.92.13.42.05.52.13.32.83.44.92.53.5

3.43.33.33.24.3222.92.83.55.52.43.32.54.05.13.74.13.6

3.63.44.6

3.84.81.2

3.63.23.8

1.42.91.21.01.42.4

.6

2.51.32.72.92.23.81.92.92.43.13.52.13.3

3.23.03.03.44.13.02.52.32.54.11.42.62.74.04.83.74.33.5

3.63.54.6

3.54.71.3

3.03.03.5

1.12.8

.9

.81.11.7.7

3.01.93.32.82.23.82.43.52.83.64.32.53.4

3.43.23.03.74.82.82.92.92.64.41.82.02.84.45.04.24.13.7

4.54.26.1

3.74.21.2

3.53.33.8

1.93.41.61.12.02.72.4

3.32.13.63.62.94.72.43.83.03.95.42.93.0

3.63.33.23.64.72.73.23.23.35.22.62.42.94.45.54.13.93.7

4.64.55.6

3.94.31.6

3.73.44.0

1.63.81.41.01.71.91.3

98





Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPrinting and publishing

NewspapersPeriodicalsBooks



Commercial printing, letterpressCommercial printing, lithographic




Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, noncellulosic




Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .


Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose



Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods


Railroad transportation:Class I railroads2

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationIntercity highway transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminalsPublic warehousing

Pipe lines, except natural gas


272712722732731273227427527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

4011

41411413

42421,3422

46

$9.579.67

10.218.618.109.268.589.899.36

10.129.917.44

11.49

11.3412.5412.6011.4412.3411.0810.4010.1110.1813.288.419.649.97

13.6813.1013.8510.9910.35

13.6214.6510.21

8.4413.165.56

8.418.237.80

5.807.785.475.775.236.545.60

11.28

13.50

7.497.94

11.09

10.6010.807.98

15.28

$9.589.74

10.138.518.009.238.599.909.42

10.119.767.49

11.51

11.3912.5712.5911.4512.3311.1910.5410.2010.1613.138.499.51

10.0713.7013.1413.8710.9710.34

13.9615.0310.11

8.4913.285.49

8.278.297.83

5.827.765.515.805.296.565.59

11.26

13.42

7.617.97

11.42

10.4610.658.03

15.64

$9.819.77

10.348.838.279.628.80

10.149.65

10.3110.227.77

11.58

11.8213.1413.1611.8612.9111.4710.9910.7310.5513.668.869.70

10.1714.2513.8514.3811.3410.82

14.0615.2210.71

8.6213.495.96

8.418.498.04

5.837.395.555.905.326.525.64

11.57

13.89

7.768.14

11.09

10.6310.838.12

15.34

$9.909.88

10.358.878.259.778.80

10.259.73

10.4310.427.91

11.73

11.8813.1913.3112.0213.0411.7011.0110.7410.6013.649.009.79

10.2414.3714.0014.4911.3910.80

14.2015.2710.76

8.7313.546.10

8.518.608.13

5.817.455.495.855.296.525.73

11.61

14.00

7.768.21

11.12

10.7310.928.20

15.81

$9.80

11.89

14.31

8.67

5.88

11.60

$366.53333.62389.00342.68308.61391.70304.59390.66365.98398.73428.11298.34455.00

480.82527.93535.50487.34540.49470.90431.60416.53430.61602.91337.24416.45412.76593.71571.16599.71476.97441.95

584.30632.88438.01

355.32575.09208.50

355.74344.84327.60

215.18313.53199.11209.45190.90260.29204.40

445.56

572.40

253.16304.10415.88

415.52423.36315.21

624.95

$359.25321.42386.97335.29308.80373.82304.09384.12360.79393.28405.04291.36444.29

477.24522.91528.78486.63537.59473.34428.98413.10414.53571.16330.26394.67409.85597.32574.22604.73472.81431.18

597.49647.79426.64

352.34581.66203.68

348.17344.04322.60

211.85306.52197.81205.90189.38247.97203.48

438.01

550.22

251.89303.66436.24

396.43403.64304.34

650.62

$373.76338.04400.16342.60307.64396.34322.08399.52375.39406.21428.22299.92452.78

496.44547.94548.77504.05565.46481.74453.89439.93429.39603.77341.11398.67413.92624.15606.63629.84481.95459.85

610.20669.68457.32

356.01561.18233.63

359.11354.88330.44

219.79304.47205.35211.22201.63262.10213.76

457.02

612.55

258.41311.76425.86

406.07412.62321.55

647.35

$384.12345.80403.65354.80315.15418.16323.84410.00382.39417.20455.35321.15457.47

503.71552.66563.01510.85575.06490.23459.12447.86447.32617.89363.60414.12421.89629.41624.40630.32492.05459.00

623.38679.52461.60

366.66586.28241.56

368.48363.78339.83

220.78309.18205.88214.70200.49260.80211.44

459.76

623.00

265.39318.55437.02

417.40423.70320.62

664.02

$368.48

494.62

623.92

358.07

216.97

452.40

99




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedCommunication


Electric, gas, and sanitary services .Electric servicesGas production and distribution ....Combination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade .

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipmentFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and construction materialsSporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..Groceries and related productsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products .Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

Retail trade.

Building materials and garden supplies ,Lumber and other building materials ..,Hardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores .

Food storesGrocery stores .Retail bakeries.

Automotive dealers and service stations .New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations

Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing and furnishingsWomen's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...Furniture and home furnishings storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Eating and drinking places3 ...


48481483

49491492493495

50501502503504505506507508509

51511512513514516517518519

52521525

53531533539

54541546

55551,2553554

56561562565566

57571572573

58

39.640.237.3

41.741.541.242.941.3

38.9

39.539.038.339.639.141.139.838.939.738.6

38.138.337.936.438.839.439.636.337.8

30.5

36.538.333.7

32.332.432.332.0

30.530.628.9

37.138.140.134.4

29.232.727.930.228.5

34.834.834.734.9

26.0

39.439.937.4

41.441.341.242.241.2

38.4

39.038.737.138.838.740.539.338.739.437.9

37.637.637.635.738.239.539.835.537.2

29.1

35.737.432.5

28.328.228.729.4

29.830.127.6

36.837.739.634.3

26.830.925.826.726.1

33.834.233.433.4

25.0

40.942.337.0

42.342.441.342.843.0

38.8

39.338.837.339.538.340.439.339.039.738.2

38.037.837.736.638.539.739.136.537.4

29.3

36.438.732.8

28.628.429.529.8

30.130.329.2

36.737.540.034.2

27.329.826.027.427.4

34.033.734.934.1

25.4

40.241.336.7

41.941.941.142.642.3

39.0

39.539.037.339.539.041.139.639.040.138.2

38.237.838.036.638.939.639.136.438.0

29.9

36.438.433.2

30.230.031.531.7

30.230.329.2

36.837.839.834.3

28.631.427.428.728.8

34.333.935.334.5

25.6

38.4

28.7

100





Industry1972SICCode

48481483

49491492493495

50501502503504505506507508509

51511512513514516517518519

52521525

53531533539

54541546

55551,2553554

56561562565566

57571572573

58

Dec.1984

$11.5612.2410.02

12.5712.6711.4714.509.68

9.19

9.228.408.088.609.789.879.738.609.737.57

9.1510.009.918.939.3411.159.8411.097.38

5.89

6.566.875.69

5.515.694.564.46

7.587.885.30

7.198.646.505.31

5.266.144.965.135.40

7.257.137.327.43

4.37

Average

Jan.1985

$11.5612.2610.07

12.5812.7111.4714.459.75

9.16

9.198.408.098.5610.019.939.638.589.687.53

9.119.819.779.009.27

11.029.93

10.917.46

5.97

6.566.845.70

5.675.854.584.69

7.607.835.29

7.138.526.435.32

5.336.285.065.285.19

7.317.267.267.43

4.37

J hourly earnings

Nov.1985

$12.0512.8610.53

13.1413.2312.1715.389.47

9.32

9.418.528.338.779.8810.049.928.809.967.52

9.199.63

10.058.789.50

11.4210.0410.787.56

6.00

6.767.015.76

6.056.314.574.72

7.297.515.29

7.358.876.575.37

5.316.415.035.295.29

7.377.397.337.36

4.38

Dec.1985P

$11.9912.7010.78

13.2113.3212.3815.249.58

9.41

9.468.628.378.769.8810.119.888.8910.047.55

9.339.7810.178.899.57

11.7010.1811.267.61

5.99

6.757.045.75

6.016.274.484.78

7.207.425.36

7.378.886.555.38

5.356.475.035.255.48

7.477.437.437.54

4.40

Jan.1986P

_

$9.39

_-

6.05

--

Dec.1984

$457.78492.05373.75

524.17525.81472.56622.05399.78

357.49

364.19327.60309.46340.56382.40405.66387.25334.54386.28292.20

348.62383.00375.59325.05362.39439.31389.66402.57278.96

179.65

239.44263.12191.75

177.97184.36147.29142.72

231.19241.13153.17

266.75329.18260.65182.66

153.59200.78138.38154.93153.90

252.30248.12254.00259.31

113.62

Average

Jan.1985

$455.46489.17376.62

520.81524.92472.56609.79401.70

351.74

358.41325.08300.14332.13387.39402.17378.46332.05381.39285.39

342.54368.86367.35321.30354.11435.29395.21387.31277.51

173.73

234.19255.82185.25

160.46164.97131.45137.89

226.48235.68146.00

262.38321.20254.63182.48

142.84194.05130.55140.98135.46

247.08248.29242.48248.16

109.25

j weekly earnings

Nov.1985

$492.85543.98389.61

555.82560.95502.62658.26407.21

361.62

369.81330.58310.71346.42378.40405.62389.86343.20395.41287.26

349.22364.01378.89321.35365.75453.37392.56393.47282.74

175.80

246.06271.29188.93

173.03179.20134.82140.66

219.43227.55154.47

269.75332.63262.80183.65

144.96191.02130.78144.95144.95

250.58249.04255.82250.98

111.25

Dec.1985P

$482.00524.51395.63

553.50558.11508.82649.22405.23

366.99

373.67336.18312.20346.02385.32415.52391.25346.71402.60288.41

356.41369.68386.46325.37372.27463.32398.04409.86289.18

179.10

245.70270.34190.90

181.50188.10141.12151.53

217.44224.83156.51

271.22335.66260.69184.53

153.01203.16137.82150.68157.82

256.22251.88262.28260.13

112.64

Jan.1986P

--

___-

$360.58

_-

_--

__

_

___

173.64

_

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedCommunication


Electric, gas, and sanitary servicesElectric servicesGas production and distributionCombination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipmentFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and construction materialsSporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipmentMachinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beveragesMiscellaneous nondurable goods

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsHardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations

Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing and furnishingsWomen's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Eating and drinking places3


101




Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Retail trade—ContinuedMiscellaneous retail

Drug stores and proprietary storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores .Nonstore retailersFuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate4.

BankingCommercial and stock savings banks .

Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associations ...Personal credit institutions

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insurance .Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ...

Services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, motels, and tourist courts3.

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .Beauty shops3

Business servicesAdvertisingServices to buildingsComputer and data processing services

Auto repair, services, and garages .Automotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair services .

Motion picturesMotion picture production and services .

Amusement and recreation services .

Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitals

Legal services

Miscellaneous servicesEngineering and architectural services .Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping


59591594596598599

60602

61612614

63631632633

701

721723

73731734737

75753

76

78781

79

80801802805806

81

89891893

32.331.030.836.139.233.2

36.7

36.836.8

37.637.337.4

37.537.238.137.2

32.9

30.0

34.231.1

34.036.328.838.8

38.039.6

38.5

29.236.6

29.8

32.530.729.031.634.0

35.0

39.240.337.7

30.629.628.233.739.931.5

36.4

36.436.4

37.336.937.5

37.236.937.837.2

32.5

29.5

33.829.7

33.436.128.238.4

37.338.9

38.2

29.537.8

28.8

32.430.628.431.434.1

34.7

39.440.039.1

30.528.828.533.938.932.4

36.2

36.036.0

37.036.237.2

37.537.038.637.2

32.7

30.3

34.530.7

33.836.328.738.3

37.238.2

39.1

28.336.3

27.9

32.530.728.931.234.4

34.7

38.840.037.4

32.029.731.134.740.233.8

36.7

36.736.6

37.936.838.6

37.737.038.737.4

32.8

30.2

34.230.4

34.136.328.938.4

37.438.1

39.2

29.538.1

28.3

32.630.728.731.634.3

34.9

38.940.137.2

36.4

32.6

102





Industry1972SIC

Code


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Retail trade—ContinuedMiscellaneous retail

Drug stores and proprietary storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate4

BankingCommercial and stock savings banks

Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associationsPersonal credit institutions

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insuranceFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, motels, and tourist courts3

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops3

Business servicesAdvertisingServices to buildingsComputer and data processing services

Auto repair, services, and garages

Automotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair services

Motion pictures

Motion picture production and services ..

Amusement and recreation services

Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitals

Legal servicesMiscellaneous servicesEngineering and architectural services ...Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

59591594596598599

60602

61612614

63631632633

701

721723

73731734737

75753

76

78781

79

80801802805806

81

89891893

$5.795.395.426.118.516.20

7.78

6.706.55

7.056.406.90

8.427.938.548.76

7.84

5.69

5.725.85

8.0510.856.1910.79

7.327.89

8.79

12.0816.59

7.38

7.937.907.715.478.79

10.34

11.5112.259.77

$5.955.475.626.268.726.29

7.77

6.706.57

7.046.456.80

8.377.948.448.66

7.84

5.69

5.725.71

8.0910.486.1710.78

7.367.91

8.77

11.7516.07

7.24

7.987.857.595.548.88

10.17

11.3712.389.32

$6.005.565.656.528.626.24

8.05

6.956.81

7.356.867.04

8.758.278.899.07

8.10

5.94

5.896.08

8.3410.686.4311.30

7.588.17

8.94

12.6017.32

7.38

8.208.127.985.689.16

10.70

11.8412.629.97

$6.005.455.606.768.906.28

8.14

7.046.90

7.466.947.18

8.828.299.139.09

8.18

6.05

5.956.20

8.4311.116.3811.46

7.578.22

9.01

12.5417.31

7.41

8.238.248.165.709.16

10.92

12.0712.8110.33

$8.13

8.19

$187.02167.09166.94220.57333.59205.84

285.53

246.56241.04

265.08238.72258.06

315.75295.00325.37325.87

257.94

170.70

195.62181.94

273.70393.86178.27418.65

278.16312.44

338.42

352.74607.19

219.92

257.73242.53223.59172.85298.86

361.90

451.19493.68368.33

$182.07161.91158.48210.96347.93198.14

282.83

243.88239.15

262.59238.01255.00

311.36292.99319.03322.15

254.80

167.86

193.34169.59

270.21378.33173.99413.95

274.53307.70

335.01

346.63607.45

208.51

258.55240.21215.56173.96302.81

352.90

447.98495.20364.41

$183.00160.13161.03221.03335.32202.18

291.41

250.20245.16

271.95248.33261.89

328.13305.99343.15337.40

264.87

179.98

203.21186.66

281.89387.68184.54432.79

281.98312.09

349.55

356.58628.72

205.90

266.50249.28230.62Ml.22315.10

371.29

459.39504.80372.88

$192.00161.87174.16234.57357.78212.26

298.74

258.37252.54

282.73255.39277.15

332.51306.73353.33339.97

268.30

182.71

203.49188.48

287.46403.29184.38440.06

283.12313.18

353.19

369.93659.51

209.70

268.30252.97234.19180.12314.19

381.11

469.52513.68384.28

$295.93

266.99

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 Beginning in January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads withoperating revenues of $50,000,000 or more.

3 Money payments only; tips, not included.4 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this

division.- Data not available.p = preliminaryNOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject torevision.

103


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls

Industry Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products ...Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products ..Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

$9.00

9.527.786.759.18

10.999.169.688.95

11.888.736.96

8.238.07

10.916.345.57

10.089.22

10.9013.088.075.69

$9.07

9.597.836.829.26

11.069.229.729.02

11.958.747.07

8.308.13

11.246.385.64

10.099.27

10.9713.398.155.73

$9.21

9.787.967.119.37

11.239.33

10.069.27

12.119.007.11

8.408.18

11.896.485.63

10.409.44

11.3613.378.255.68

$9.29

9.857.987.139.43

11.269.42

10.079.32

12.219.077.20

8.488.28

11.676.515.68

10.459.50

11.4013.508.345.69

$9.31

9.87

$8.49

1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rateof time and one-half.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projectedfrom March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmarkdata are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward aresubject to revision.

C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers'on privatenonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.

Industry


Dec.1984

$8.464.92

11.706.80

12.267.13

9.405.46

11.286.56

9.195.34

5.893.42

7.784.52

7.844.56

Jan.1985

$8.504.93

11.866.89

12.307.14

9.435.48

11.266.54

9.165.32

5.973.47

7.77

4.51

7.844.55

Nov.1985

$8.684.88

12.026.76

12.226.88

9.615.41

11.576.51

9.325.24

6.003.38

8.054.53

8.104.56

Dec.1985P

$8.724.89

12.206.85

12.436.97

9.725.45

11.616.52

9.415.28

5.993.36

8.144.57

8.184.59

Jan.1986P


Dec.1984

Jan.1985

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Jan.1986P

Total private:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Mining:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Construction:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Manufacturing:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Transportation and public utilities:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Wholesale trade:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Retail trade:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Finance, insurance, and real estate:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Services:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

$8.74

$12.25

$12.31

$9.69

$11.60

$9.39

$6.05

$8.13

$8.19

$300.33174.61

515.97299.98

460.98268.01

387.28225.16

445.56259.05

357.49207.84

179.65104.45

285.53166.01

257.94149.97

$294.95171.28

508.79295.46

447.72260.00

380.03220.69

438.01254.36

351.74204.26

173.73100.89

282.83164.25

254.80147.97

$302.93170.47

520.47292.89

448.47252.37

393.05221.19

457.02257.19

361.62203.50

175.8098.93

291.41163.99

264.87149.05

$307.82172.74

538.02301.92

459.91258.09

404.35226.91

459.76258.00

366.99205.94

179.10100.51

298.74167.64

268.30150.56

$303.28

$535.33

$457.93

$393.41

$452.40

$360.58

$173.64

$295.93

$266.99



NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners andClerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject torevision.


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrollsby major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

Industry1985


1986

Jan.p

Total private

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingOvertime hours

Durable goodsOvertime hours

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries



Nondurable goodsOvertime hours

Food and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

35.1

37.7

40.63.4

41.33.6

39.740.441.741.039.941.441.740.843.144.341.239.2

39.53.0

39.838.339.236.243.037.842.043.2(2)36.8

39.3

38.6

29.8

32.7

35.1

37.8

40.13.3

40.73.5

38.939.541.640.940.540.941.140.241.942.440.739.0

39.32.9

39.739.238.835.942.937.741.943.1(2)36.4

39.4

38.6

29.8

32.8

35.2

38.1

40.43.2

41.13.5

39.639.542.041.140.541.141.640.742.543.241.039.1

39.42.9

39.838.939.136.142.937.642.143.3(2)37.1

39.5

38.7

29.8

32.8

35.0

38.0

40.23.4

40.93.6

39.539.342.041.040.241.141.240.242.343.340.739.0

39.13.0

39.635.438.835.643.037.641.942.0(2)37.0

39.4

38.6

29.7

32.7

35.1

37.6

40.43.1

41.13.2

39.838.942.141.240.741.141.440.442.643.540.939.3

39.42.9

40.137.038.936.243.037.441.941.7(2)37.1

39.5

38.7

29.9

32.8

35.1

37.2

40.43.2

41.23.3

40.138.941.941.641.241.341.640.642.342.741.139.4

39.43.0

39.636.639.436.342.937.542.042.6(2)37.0

39.5

38.8

29.9

32.8

35.0

37.6

40.33.2

41.03.3

39.738.842.041.441.241.341.340.342.543.340.739.0

39.43.0

40.034.639.136.342.737.541.842.9(2)37.0

39.2

38.6

29.7

32.7

35.1

37.5

40.63.3

41.33.4

40.039.242.041.741.841.441.640.742.943.840.739.3

39.63.1

39.936.840.036.443.037.941.843.3(2)37.3

39.6

38.6

29.6

32.8

35.1

37.9

40.73.3

41.33.5

40.139.442.041.541.041.641.640.542.943.840.939.8

39.83.1

40.236.940.736.543.138.041.643.4(2)37.8

39.5

38.7

29.6

32.8

35.1

37.9

40.73.4

41.33.5

40.339.442.141.841.741.541.640.642.843.8"40.839.9

39.93.2

40.338.240.736.643.337.941.744.3(2)37.9

39.5

38.6

29.5

32.9

35.0

37.4

40.73.4

41.33.6

39.939.441.641.842.041.441.641.042.643.741.139.7

39.83.2

39.935.241.036.843.337.841.943.1(2)37.7

39.4

38.7

29.5

32.8

35.1

37.2

41.03.6

41.73.8

40.140.041.742.242.041.641.841.443.044.142.240.0

40.13.4

40.338.041.337.143.638.241.943.9(2)37.8

39.4

38.7

29.3

32.8

35.1

38.5

40.93.5

41.63.7

40.340.542.241.541.041.641.541.542.843.641.240.1

39.93.3

40.037.841.137.143.537.941.744.0(2)37.3

39.4

38.6

29.4

32.8


2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward aresubject to revision.

105


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(1977=100)

Industry1985


1986

Jan.p

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing




Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

115.0

100.0

110.9

121.3

95.3

95.296.2

108.487.869.055.192.795.1

111.898.895.2

107.783.9

95.697.690.576.289.999.7

119.994.785.5

112.467.5

123.3

106.7

117.7

115.9

126.1

136.8

115.1

98.8

112.2

121.2

93.9

93.393.3

105.787.268.455.591.493.3

109.495.689.3

106.782.9

94.797.390.874.588.799.3

119.994.585.3

110.465.9

124.0

107.2

117.9

116.4

126.8

137.9

115.7

99.6

112.6

123.4

94.3

93.994.4

106.088.268.054.891.694.1

109.896.990.2

107.282.8

95.098.088.374.688.699.5

119.894.884.9

111.166.7

124.6

107.6

118.6

116.8

127.7

138.7

115.6

99.1

113.6

125.7

93.3

92.893.2

104.787.866.954.691.592.5

106.697.591.4

105.981.7

94.197.182.074.187.199.3

120.094.281.6

109.666.1

124.7

107.5

118.8

116.7

127.8

138.9

116.2

99.1

114.0

124.4

93.4

92.994.0

102.688.066.954.491.392.8

106.497.891.3

105.682.3

94.398.684.073.687.499.9

119.793.780.3

109.166.3

125.7

108.2

119.5

118.2

128.0

139.8

116.3

98.6

112.6

122.4

93.4

92.794.1

102.887.467.254.391.492.6

106.197.289.6

106.181.9

94.398.483.174.386.999.6

120.393.982.0

108.765.6

126.1

108.2

120.2

118.5

130.3

139.9

116.0

98.5

111.1

124.3

92.9

91.994.3

102.687.666.354.191.091.2

104.397.189.9

104.379.9

94.498.178.573.688.499.2

121.293.382.6

108.567.5

125.7

107.5

119.6

117.8

128.7

140.1

116.7

99.1

110.5

124.8

93.5

92.695.8

104.787.866.052.791.391.5

105.198.591.5

104.581.7

94.998.581.875.287.9

100.1122.893.383.4

108.6

67.1

126.4

108.1

120.0

118.0

129.5

141.4

117.0

99.2

110.4

127.1

93.3

92.096.0

104.287.665.552.291.590.5

103.497.889.9

104.281.9

95.398.883.876.488.6

100.1122.893.080.5

109.1

68.0

126.8

108.7

120.5

118.1

130.8

141.8

117.4

99.7

109.7

127.7

93.8

92.697.8

104.488.066.553.391.690.9

103.898.991.9

103.782.1

95.799.085.076.788.9

100.8122.793.382.1

110.4

68.2

127.2

109.0

120.6

118.2

130.6

142.9

117.6

99.5

109.5

125.9

94.0

92.697.7

104.787.467.055.691.390.3

104.898.791.0

104.582.3

95.998.479.977.489.6

101.5123.393.179.9

112.0

67.8

127.6

109.2

121.1

118.4

131.4

143.3

118.1

100.5

109.9

125.6

95.1

93.799.0

107.188.068.456.391.690.6

105.8100.392.8

107.683.2

97.3100.584.578.391.3

102.3125.493.282.9

113.2

68.0

127.8

109.2

121.3

117.9

133.0

143.7

119.0

101.8

110.5

134.9

95.0

93.5100.0108.490.266.353.291.890.0

106.399.992.1

105.083.4

97.199.685.878.191.6

102.4125.292.983.1

114.0

65.2

128.6

109.8

121.5

119.7

132.7

144.1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward aresubject to revision.

106


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1

on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

Industry1985


1986

Jan.p

Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977=100)

Total private (in current dollars)

MiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private (in constant dollars)4

Total privateMiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private:In current dollarsIn constant (1977) dollars4 .

163.0

(3)149.2166.3163.5

(3)154.5

(3)164.9

94.5

164.0

150.8166.9164.2

155.4

166.2

94.7

164.4

149.9167.4165.4

155.5

167.2

94.5

164.8

150.4167.9165.0

155.6

167.8

94.4

164.9

150.0168.4165.0

155.9

167.6

94.3

165.7

149.3168.6166.6

155.9

169.8

94.5

165.4

149.1169.0166.0

155.8

169.0

94.3

165.7

149.4169.3166.1

155.8

169.6

94.3

166.7

150.0169.1167.3

157.20

171.5

94.7

166.4

149.4169.4167.0

156.70

171.1

94.3

167.1

148.9170.1168.1

157.4

172.1

94.2

168.3

150.7170.8169.4

158.0

173.8

94.3

167.7

(3)149.5170.9169.0

(3)156.8

(3)172.3


$8.44(3)

$12.209.38

11.219.095.927.707.74

$8.49

0$12.27

9.4111.259.205.947.817.81

$8.52(3)

$12.229.43

11.279.235.957.867.86

$8.54(3)

$12.269.48

11.309.225.947.857.88

$8.55(3)

$12.259.49

11.319.245.967.817.89

$8.59(3)

$12.239.51

11.409.325.947.987.97

$8.57(3)

$12.239.53

11.369.275.957.907.94

$8.60

0$12.26

9.5611.419.275.967.957.97

$8.65(3)

$12.309.56

11.499.326.008.058.03

$8.64(3)

$12.269.58

11.449.265.998.018.03

$8.67(3)

$12.289.61

11.509.346.008.078.08

$8.74

f)$12.37

9.6611.569.416.038.168.15

$8.68(3)

$12.219.63

11.549.326.008.058.08


296.24171.73

298.00172.15

299.90172.46

298.90171.19

300.11171.59

301.51172.00

299.95171.01

301.86171.80

303.62172.51

303.26171.82

303.45170.96

306.77171.96

304.67


2 Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated tounderlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturingand interindustry employment shifts.

3 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.4 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.5 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject torevision.

107


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas

State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

AlabamaBirmingham .Mobile

Alaska .



California.



DelawareWilmington

District of Columbia:Washington MSA

FloridaFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .,JacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

GeorgiaAtlantaSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

Idaho

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-Moline .DecaturJotietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

41.442.043.8

29.9

40.8

0040.738.840.942.941.3

41.1

41.741.4

42.841.943.342.441.643.244.5

43.746.6

39.1

41.741.641.242.540.042.543.142.744.0

41.841.847.1

37.038.0

37.5

39.139.739.133.241.041.233.740.627.038.839.640.433.9

41.441.941.9

32.9

40.401

39.639.240.139.841.7

40.4

40.841.3

42.341.742.742.141.142.442.6

41.641.4

38.8

42.342.841.344.040.442.141.641.943.1

41.241.043.7

37.937.7

38.3

41.339.040.740.940.839.041.641.438.241.142.741.442.8

42.442.642.3

36.5

40.5

0040.339.239.540.442.3

41.2

41.541.7

42.642.543.042.942.342.844.3

41.541.9

39.1

43.444.043.144.041.543.444.142.342.4

42.241.644.8

39.539.6

39.3

41.839.142.142.441.541.141.441.538.240.643.242.041.7

$8.308.50

10.37

15.03

9.26

O07.406.357.858.079.31

9.98

9.329.71

9.4410.0210.129.869.039.027.94

9.6811.08

10.24

7.817.607.917.746.708.269.417.657.91

7.889.10

10.17

8.388.59

9.23

10.309.54

10.169.32

10.0612.3112.4610.8010.6110.1712.6510.0411.59

$8.638.85

10.31

13.84

9.87

007.676.768.188.389.65

10.23

9.479.87

9.7210.0210.2410.079.219.918.38

10.1611.98

10.80

7.967.708.107.816.968.529.667.618.71

8.159.73

10.20

8.788.83

9.48

10.5410.2510.689.41

10.2312.6313.6711.4910.089.98

12.8110.9911.86

$8.738.91

10.36

14.78

9.76

0O7.676.968.208.429.84

10.38

9.519.93

9.7510.0910.249.799.18

10.038.45

10.2211.82

10.62

8.137.778.207.847.018.569.807.728.61

8.199.79

10.24

8.818.96

9.47

10.5610.2810.629.27

10.2212.7313.5311.4710.309.89

12.7411.0911.69

$343.62357.00454.21

449.40

377.81OO

301.18246.38321.07346.20384.50

410.18

388.64401.99

404.03419.84438.20418.06375.65389.66353.33

423.02516.33

400.38

325.68316.16325.89328.95268.00351.05405.57326.66348.04

329.38380.38479.01

310.06326.42

346.12

402.73378.74397.26309.42412.46507.17419.90438.48286.47394.60500.94405.62392.90

$357.28370.82431.99

455.34

398.7500

303.73264.99328.02333.52402.41

413.29

386.38407.63

411.16417.83437.25423.95378.53420.18356.99

422.66495.97

419.04

336.71329.56334.53343.64281.18358.69401.86318.86375.40

335.78398.93445.74

332.76332.89

363.08

435.30399.75434.68384.87417.38492.57568.67475.69385.06410.18546.99454.99507.61

$370.15379.57438.23

539.47

395.280O

309.10272.83323.90340.17416.23

427.66

394.67414.08

415.35428.82440.32419.99388.31429.28374.34

424.13495.26

415.24

352.84341.88353.42344.96290.92371.50432.18326.56365.06

345.62407.26458.75

348.00354.82

372.17

441.41401.95447.10393.05424.13523.20560.14476.01393.46401.53550.37465.78487.47


108


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS


C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas—Continued

State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

IndianaGary-HammondIndianapolis

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueSioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls

KansasTopekaWichita

KentuckyLexington-FayetteLouisville

LouisianaBaton RougeNew OrleansShreveport


MarylandBaltimore MSA

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverLawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland ....

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-St PaulSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson

MissouriKansas CitySt. JosephSt. LouisSpringfield

Montana


42.239.943.4

41.042.240.640.236.9040.040.340.2

40.640.741.9

41.742.240.842.3

40.737.539.5

41.542.3

40.640.940.136.640.443.540.942.241.6

44.546.642.445.346.142.443.942.947.340.443.8

40.739.141.143.3

41.041.2

41.043.140.141.741.4

40.1

41.441.441.9

40.941.339.640.739.7f)

39.641.439.2

39.439.640.3

42.345.041.741.2

39.838.438.2

40.541.8

40.540.338.634.839.641.636.442.140.6

42.444.340.244.242.739.241.243.741.236.942.0

39.936.940.639.7

40.841.3

040.941.6(1)39.3

40.7

42.341.843.2

40.341.839.238.939.4040.741.242.1

40.139.741.6

42.442.642.041.3

41.339.239.2

41.242.3

41.340.940.836.639.642.339.942.941.5

44.645.441.945.546.542.141.944.542.539.145.1

41.038.041.839.9

41.542.2

041.542.1(1)42.4

42.4

$10.6613.1111.04

10.2211.2912.2711.068.3309.47

10.0210.10

9.359.83

10.72

10.2312.0710.2710.33

8.376.908.27

9.7510.00

8.819.446.756.868.718.107.798.718.85

12.6413.8312.8613.2914.6210.609.79

11.4314.5711.1714.70

9.9110.3810.599.48

7.137.97

9.6310.998.30

10.938.35

10.78

$10.7914.0510.88

10.4411.2011.6511.648.37O

9.5111.109.87

9.6110.1710.81

10.4311.9610.5611.10

8.776.819.49

9.8910.34

9.249.987.286.968.978.528.088.989.07

12.7113.4312.9113.6614.3210.859.87

11.8114.3311.9614.06

10.2110.3010.979.80

7.328.16

011.029.50O8.95

10.83

$10.9414.1311.30

10.6111.5011.4611.738.41O

9.6411.0910.20

9.7210.1810.89

10.5411.8010.6611.09

8.786.989.26

10.0410.45

9.279.967.326.949.038.537.979.079.03

12.8413.5913.4013.7514.3110.9710.0611.8814.5611.7114.41

10.3110.4911.139.70

7.378.31

011.209.6908.93

10.95

$449.85523.09479.14

419.02476.44498.16444.61307.38

0378.80403.81406.02

379.61400.08449.17

426.59509.35419.02436.96

340.66258.75326.67

404.62423.00

357.69386.10270.68251.08351.88352.35318.61367.56368.16

562.48644.48545.26602.04673.98449.44429.78490.35689.16451.27643.86

403.34405.86435.25410.48

292.33328.36

394.83473.67332.83455.78345.69

432.28

$446.71581.67455.87

427.00462.56461.34473.75332.290

376.60459.54386.90

378.63402.73435.64

441.19538.20440.35457.32

349.05261.50362.52

400.55432.21

374.22402.19281.01242.21355.21354.43294.11378.06368.24

538.90594.95518.98603.77611.46425.32406.64516.10590.40441.32590.52

407.38380.07445.38389.06

298.66337.01

0450.72395.200

351.74

440.78

$462.76590.63488.16

427.58480.70449.23456.30331.350

392.35456.91429.42

389.77404.15453.02

446.90502.68447.72458.02

362.61273.62362.99

413.65442.03

382.85407.36298.66254.00357.59360.82318.00389.10374.75

572.66616.99561.46625.63665.41461.84421.51528.66618.80457.86649.89

422.71398.62465.23387.03

305.86350.68

0464.80407.94O

378.63

464.28

109




State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Nebraska.Lincoln ...Omaha ...

NevadaLas Vegas .


New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.NewarkTrenton

New Mexico...Albuquerque.

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsMonroe CountyNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaFargo-Moorhead .

OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-Springfield ....ToledoYoungstown-Warren .

OklahomaOklahoma City .Tulsa


40.140.940.8

41.641.4

41.839.941.5

41.438.341.140.840.543.342.339.2

40.740.9

40.440.341.542.540.739.343.341.738.037.742.538.343.842.641.342.041.639.9

40.242.339.840.144.0

38.738.9

42.945.239.942.942.441.744.144.243.0

42.041.441.5

39.840.339.836.8

40.637.741.1

40.140.0

41.540.641.4

41.339.242.040.840.142.541.738.8

40.239.3

40.441.340.842.740.741.243.040.538.037.643.238.943.242.642.540.842.439.6

40.641.641.239.640.7

39.238.4

42.443.040.142.241.741.743.142.944.5

42.242.340.1

38.539.939.235.3

40.739.242.5

41.440.8

42.041.641.7

41.440.242.240.839.942.341.739.1

41.846.0

40.841.740.643.041.643.343.740.838.037.543.738.442.543.241.941.643.740.3

41.043.241.440.041.8

39.240.0

42.944.040.242.442.342.044.243.444.3

42.042.640.2

39.140.138.436.6

$8.909.149.30

9.1811.65

8.057.869.65

9.718.648.949.758.77

10.549.519.28

8.598.54

9.519.668.32

11.919.009.53

12.379.348.768.67

12.337.318.52

11.369.28

10.738.779.40

7.157.297.257.828.23

7.948.14

11.2610.9710.8210.8411.1110.7311.7412.0613.10

9.6410.3510.57

10.5810.9010.359.00

$9.119.889.63

9.1210.96

8.558.38

10.33

9.898.639.75

10.059.03

10.949.51

10.10

8.498.62

9.809.838.71

12.219.239.55

12.909.539.038.86

12.797.478.81

11.929.13

11.068.63

10.40

7.367.487.498.088.44

8.168.54

11.4811.0811.0710.6911.2610.9312.0612.4813.42

10.0111.0110.34

10.4910.8010.508.77

$9.119.909.63

9.2011.07

8.628.42

10.36

9.958.769.79

10.089.07

11.009.54

10.04

9.008.83

9.929.928.72

12.389.339.33

12.989.679.108.92

12.947.568.88

12.069.08

11.128.88

10.51

7.417.467.508.128.49

8.188.51

11.6211.2211.1610.7811.3711.0812.2512.5413.73

10.0611.1510.37

10.6510.8610.599.41

$356.89373.83379.44

381.89482.31

336.49313.61400.48

401.99330.91367.43397.80355.19456.38402.27363.78

349.61349.29

384.20389.30345.28506.18366.30374.53535.62389.48332.88326.86524.03279.97373.18483.94383.26450.66364.83375.06

287.43308.37288.55313.58362.12

307.28316.65

483.05495.84431.72465.04471.06447.44517.73533.05563.30

404.88428.49438.66

421.08439.27411.93331.20

$369.87372.48395.79

365.71438.40

354.83340.23427.66

408.46338.30409.50410.04362.10464.95396.57391.88

341.30338.77

395.92405.98355.37521.37375.66393.46554.70385.97343.14333.14552.53290.58380.59507.79388.03451.25365.91411.84

298.82311.17308.59319.97343.51

319.87327.94

486.75476.44443.91451.12469.54455.78519.79535.39597.19

422.42465.72414.63

403.87430.92411.60309.58

$370.78388.08409.28

380.88451.66

362.04350.27432.01

411.93352.15413.14411.26361.89465.30397.82392.56

376.20406.18

404.74413.66354.03532.34388.13403.99567.23394.54345.80334.50565.48290.30377.40520.99380.45462.59388.06423.55

303.81322.27310.50324.80354.88

320.66340.40

498.50493.68448.63457.07480.95465.36541.45544.24608.24

422.52474.99416.87

416.42435.49406.66344.41


no


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS



State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyDelaware ValleyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-BarreWilliamsportYork




TennesseeChattanoogaKnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasDallasFt. Worth-ArlingtonHoustonSan Antonio

UtahSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBurlingtonSpringfield


Washington


40.339.138.741.641.242.340.036.740.241.240.940.938.439.241.7

41.041.840.5

41.244.041.841.3

43.347.2

41.742.038.841.341.8

42.041.942.144.440.4

40.341.0

41.643.343.2

40.840.839.540.240.0040.641.642.5

0

40.339.338.939.740.542.340.436.840.440.541.240.837.940.641.1

40.940.441.6

41.245.240.741.9

39.537.5

41.242.641.643.040.1

41.541.741.742.441.0

40.939.6

41.042.641.0

41.038.540.840.839.7

040.740.142.8

0

41.039.339.240.240.142.940.135.341.841.142.141.038.042.142.2

40.740.541.9

42.145.041.342.9

42.845.8

42.542.841.443.140.5

41.943.141.443.141.3

41.340.5

41.743.344.8

41.338.839.740.239.9O40.440.542.2

0

$9.4610.318.24

11.429.87

10.059.088.528.789.84

10.749.698.108.548.81

7.356.927.51

7.439.057.477.26

7.367.04

8.157.599.348.559.20

9.208.909.16

10.976.91

9.078.71

8.299.128.25

8.316.987.027.477.9708.69

10.797.69

O

$9.6610.258.19

11.6410.1810.249.238.079.39

10.1911.039.798.188.758.98

7.717.247.81

507.669.407.687.43

7.427.06

8.347.478.698.839.14

9.479.299.49

11.197.21

9.529.38

8.629.298.47

8.697.477.047.938.20O9.00

11.337.87

O

$9.7410.368.43

11.5610.1410.299.238.109.47

10.1511.169.828.278.729.04

7.797.197.86

7.679.367.677.50

7.697.73

8.427.489.118.729.27

9.539.329.66

11.257.30

9.409.60

8.649.568.73

8.727.247.298.088.2308.93

11.287.80

0

$381.24403.12318.89475.07406.64425.12363.20312.68352.96405.41439.27396.32311.04334.77367.38

301.35278.88304.16

306.12398.20312.25299.84

318.69332.29

339.86318.78362.39353.12384.56

386.40372.91385.64487.07279.16

365.52357.11

344.86394.90356.40

339.05284.78277.29300.29318.800

352.81448.86326.83

O

$389.30402.83318.59462.11412.29433.15372.89296.98379.36412.70454.44399.43310.02355.25369.08

315.34292.50324.90

315.59424.88312.58311.32

293.09264.75

343.61318.22361.50379.69366.51

393.01387.39395.73474.46295.61

389.37371.45

353.42395.75347.27

356.29287.60287.23323.54325.540

366.30454.33336.84

0

$399.34407.15330.46464.71406.61441.44370.12285.93395.85417.17469.84402.62314.26367.11381.49

317.05291.20329.33

326.28421.20316.77321.75

329.13354.03

357.85320.14377.15375.83375.44

399.31401.69399.92484.88301.49

388.22388.80

360.29413.95391.10

360.14280.91289.41324.82328.380

360.77456.84329.16

0

111




State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-Ashland .Parkersburg-MariettaWheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh ...Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

40.143.539.741.541.1

41.944.241.242.941.844.139.441.341.640.140.041.9

41.1

38.7

43.3

40.742.439.542.641.4

41.844.040.943.343.939.240.140.841.740.040.141.9

36.7

38.5

44.1

40.341.639.542.340.6

42.445.141.544.244.139.741.241.542.440.541.342.2

34.3

38.6

42.1

$10.1212.8111.4711.0911.87

10.1810.119.92

10.9712.0411.278.999.69

11.3710.849.76

9.50

8.68

5.08

8.81

$10.3513.2011.4711.8511.73

10.4110.2710.1411.3012.4611.979.069.74

11.6610.849.36

9.73

9.37

5.14

9.77

$10.3913.2211.7211.8611.68

10.5210.2610.1711.4912.6511.929.249.80

11.7810.819.37

9.87

9.49

5.18

9.60

$405.81557.24455.36460.24487.86

426.54446.86408.70470.61503.27497.01354.21400.20472.99434.68390.40398.05

356.75

196.60

381.47

$421.25559.68453.07504.81485.62

435.14451.88414.73489.29546.99469.22363.31397.39486.22433.60375.34407.69

343.88

197.89

430.86

$418.72549.95462.94501.68474.21

446.05462.73422.06507.86557.87473.22380.69406.70499.47437.81386.98416.51

325.51

199.95

404.16

1 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of

this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March1984 benchmarks.

112


PRODUCTIVITY DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers In nonagricultural establishments by major Industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Nov.1985r

Dec.1985r

Jan.1986P

Percent change

Jan. 1985to

Jan. 1986"

Nov. 1985to

Dec. 1985r

Dec. 1985to

Jan. 1986P

Total

Private sector

MiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilities ...Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Government

185,634

152,037

2,1479,208

40,91024,60416,30710,99911,73527,09611,39438,548

33,598

185,573

152,643

2,1619,185

41,28424,82016,46310,99811,76526,89111,60138,759

32,930

186,302

153,702

2,1799,837

41,21324,75516,45810,98611,77127,35411,55938,802

32,600

3.1

3.4

-.610.8

-.2-.91.02.53.23.45.35.7

1.5

0.0

.6-.2

.9

.91.0.0.3

-.81.8.5

-2.0

0.4

.97.1-.2-.3.0

-.1.1

1.7-.4

.1

-1.0

1 Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,multiplied by 52.

p = preliminary.r = revised.NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely onestablishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1,chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors.

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

113



C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted1

(1977=100)

Item

Annual average

1984r 1985P

Quarterly index

1983 1984

III' IV

1985

Business sector

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor paymentsImplicit price deflator

Nonfarm business sector

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor paymentsImplicit price deflator

Manufacturing

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costs

Durable goods

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costs

Nondurable goods

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hourUnit labor costs

Nonfinancial corporations

Output per all-employee hourOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour..Total unit costs

Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor costs

Unit profitsImplicit price deflator

105.0119.0113.4167.897.9

159.8156.8158.7

104.3118.9114.1168.198.1

161.2156.6159.6

118.5117.999.5

169.198.7

142.8

119.3119.7100.3167.697.8

140.4

117.1115.498.5

171.6100.1146.5

106.1120.9113.9166.096.9

161.2156.4175.3135.6158.1

105.3122.3116.1174.598.3

165.7158.3163.0

104.2122.2117.3174.398.2

167.2160.3164.8

121.6120.899.3

176.599.4

145.2

122.8123.2100.3175.498.8

142.8

119.8117.398.0

178.2100.4148.8

OOO

ftftftftftft

103.2109.3105.9160.898.3

155.9145.2152.0

102.9109.3106.2161.698.8

157.1147.1153.6

111.9103.392.4

162.699.4

145.4

109.599.190.5

161.898.9

147.7

115.2109.795.2

165.0100.9143.2

103.7109.2105.4160.097.8

160.1154.4176.9103.1153.2

102.9110.8107.7161.597.7

157.0147.7153.7

103.1111.4108.1162.498.3

157.6149.8154.8

114.5108.394.6

163.398.8

142.6

113.0105.393.2

162.398.2

143.6

116.7112.796.6

165.8100.3142.1

104.5112.1107.3160.797.3

159.6153.8176.7114.4154.2

103.5113.4109.5163.898.2

158.3149.0154.9

103.1113.8110.3163.998.2

158.9151.0156.1

114.7111.096.8

164.498.5

143.4

113.8109.796.4

163.097.7

143.2

115.9112.997.4

167.0100.1144.1

104.9115.1109.7162.497.3

159.5154.8173.7124.0155.3

104.7117.1111.8165.998.1

158.5153.2156.6

103.9117.1112.7165.998.1

159.7152.3157.1

116.8115.298.7

166.798.6

142.7

117.1115.698.8

165.597.8

141.3

116.4114.698.5

168.899.8

145.0

106.2118.9112.0164.297.1

159.1154.7172.3132.9156.0

105.2119.2113.3166.897.7

158.5157.2158.0

104.6119.2113.9167.498.1

160.0156.5158.8

117.8117.499.7

168.198.5

142.8

118.6118.8100.2166.797.7

140.6

116.6115.499.0

170.499.9

146.2

106.7121.1113.6165.597.0

159.9155.1174.0139.1157.4

105.1119.6113.8168.597.8

160.3157.8159.4

104.3119.5114.5168.898.0

161.8158.0160.5

119.7119.599.8

169.998.7

141.9

121.1122.0100.7168.297.7

138.9

117.7115.898.3

172.6100.3146.7

106.0121.4114.5166.796.8

162.2157.2177.0134.3158.9

104.9120.1114.5170.097.9

162.1158.4160.8

104.0120.0115.4170.197.9

163.6158.9161.9

119.5119.5100.1171.898.9

143.8

120.5122.2101.4169.897.8

140.9

117.9115.698.0

174.6100.5148.1

105.8122.2115.5167.996.7

163.6158.7177.9135.9160.3

105.0121.2115.5171.998.2

163.8157.6161.6

104.1121.1116.3172.198.3

165.3158.8163.0

119.9119.899.9

174.399.6

145.4

121.3122.6101.1172.698.6

142.3

117.8115.798.2

176.9101.0150.1

105.8123.2116.4169.396.7

164.4160.0177.6138.3161.3

105.2121.9115.9173.598.1

164.9158.7162.7

104.3121.8116.7173.798.2

166.5160.7164.5

121.7120.498.9

176.199.5

144.7

122.8122.8100.0174.398.5

141.9

119.9116.897.4

178.8101.1149.1

105.7123.7117.0170.796.5

165.8161.5178.6139.1162.6

105.7122.6116.0175.498.6

166.0159.1163.5

104.4122.6117.4174.998.3

167.6161.8165.5

122.7121.398.9

177.399.6

144.5

123.7123.499.7

175.998.8

142.1

121.0118.297.7

179.3100.8148.2

106.5124.9117.3171.996.6

165.5161.5177.2150.2163.6

105.3123.4117.2177.298.6

168.2158.1164.6

103.9123.3118.7176.598.2

169.8160.1166.4

122.2121.799.6

178.799.4

146.2

123.4123.9100.4178.099.0

144.2

120.3118.698.5

179.699.9

149.2

ftftft

8ftftftftft

1 All of the productivity and cost measures incorporate revised outputand compensation measures reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysisof the U.S. Department of Commerce. In addition, revised values forseasonally adjusting measures of employment and average weekly hourswere introduced.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.: = revised.SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

114



C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,seasonally adjusted annual rates1

Item

Percent change from

Previous quarter

III1984r

IV1984r

I1985r 1985r 1985r

IV1985P

Same quarter, previous year

1984rIV

1984rI

1985rII

1985rIII

1 9 8 5 rIV

1985P

Business sector

Output per hour of all persons.OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor paymentsImplicit price deflator

Nonfarm business sector

Output per hour of all persons.OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor paymentsImplicit price deflator

Manufacturing

Output per hour of all persons.OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costs

Durable goods

Output per hour of all persons.OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costs

Nondurable goods

Output per hour of all persons .OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour....Unit labor costs

Nonfinancial corporations

Output per all-employee hour.OutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour..Total unit costs

Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor costs

Unit profitsImplicit price deflator

-0.51.31.84.2

.54.61.73.6

-1.21.22.43.4-.34.73.84.4

6.87.1

.34.3

.6-2.3

8.711.22.33.4-.2

-4.9

3.91.1

-2.75.41.71.4

-2.31.03.43.0-.65.95.57.1

-13.03.8

-0.71.72.43.7

.24.51.63.5

-1.21.83.13.1-.54.42.33.6

-.8.3

1.14.4

.95.3

-1.9.9

2.84.0

.56.0

.7-.7

-1.34.71.14.0

-.92.53.52.9-.63.43.92.04.93.5

0.13.63.44.51.24.4

-2.02.1

.53.63.04.81.54.3-.22.7

1.4.9

-.56.12.74.6

2.61.2

-1.46.73.34.0

-.3.4.8

5.21.95.6

.13.23.13.4

.12.13.2-.87.22.6

0.92.31.43.8-.42.82.72.8

.72.31.63.8-.33.14.83.7

6.12.0

-3.94.1-.1

-1.9

5.3.7

-4.33.9-.2

-1.3

7.43.9

-3.24.4

.2-2.8

-.41.92.33.4-.83.43.82.42.23.3

1.92.5

.64.52.02.51.12.0

.32.62.22.8

.42.52.82.6

3.23.1-.12.7

.3-.4

3.01.9

-1.13.71.3.7

3.55.01.41.2

-1.2-2.2

2.83.81.02.8

.4-.9.0

-3.236.02.5

-1.32.53.94.1

.05.5

-2.62.7

-1.82.64.53.5-.55.4

-4.32.0

-1.51.42.93.2-.84.8

-1.11.62.74.8

.75.9

-2.11.13.2

.5-3.42.7

()(*)2

2.27.95.64.3

.12.16.83.7

1.27.36.04.0-.22.75.53.7

4.610.35.54.0-.2-.5

7.115.88.13.6-.5

-3.3

.92.71.84.1-.13.2

1.58.36.83.7-.51.72.2

.217.43.1

1.35.94.53.8-.32.46.43.8

.85.54.63.8-.32.95.23.7

4.27.73.34.5

.4

.3

5.911.45.24.2

.1-1.6

1.72.3

.64.6

.52.8

.86.25.33.4-.62.52.62.49.63.2

0.23.53.33.6

.03.32.93.2

.23.43.23.7

.23.54.23.8

2.74.01.34.61.01.9

3.66.02.34.3

.7

.7

1.2.9

-.34.81.23.5

-.33.63.93.1-.43.33.53.04.03.4

0.02.22.34.0

.44.11.03.0

-.32.22.53.8

.14.12.63.6

3.32.5-.84.71.01.4

3.63.4-.24.5

.8

.9

2.91.2

-1.64.91.22.0

-.92.23.13.2-.53.74.12.7

.03.3

0.52.52.04.1

.73.5

.82.6

.12.62.53.6

.33.52.43.2

2.41.6-.94.3

.91.8

2.21.2

-1.04.61.22.3

2.82.2-.63.9

.51.1

.42.92.53.1-.22.02.7

.111.83.0

0.42.72.34.2

.73.8-.22.4

-.12.82.83.7

.23.8

.72.7

2.31.8-.44.0

.51.7

2.41.3

-1.14.81.32.3

2.12.6

.52.8-.7.7

()O000

1 All of the productivity and cost measures incorporate revised outputand compensation measures reported by the Bureau of EconomicAnalysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. In addition, revisedvalues for seasonally adjusting measures of employment and averageweekly hours were introduced.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.r = revised.SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

115


STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas


State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985^

Unemployed

Number

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985?


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P


Alaska.

Arizona ....Phoenix.Tucson ..

ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little Rock .Pine Bluff

California1

Anaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long Beach1

ModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.Santa Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa

ColoradoDenver-Boulder LMA

ConnecticutBridgeport-MilfordHartfordNew BritainNew Haven-Meriden .StamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington

District of Columbia.Washington

Florida1

Daytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .


1,797.4403.6120.8201.4133.758.7

238.5

1,490.5948.0271.9

1,030.549.183.2

233.637.7

12,643.81,303.9

215.6291.4

3,963.0132.8918.6269.4671.4574.8143.6882.3850.1881.2167.8158.6169.3142.8

1,724.81,040.0

1,715.6225.4416.0

73.4253.8132.2104.7

310.4274.3

322.02,021.9

5,195.6126.7545.1117.294.2

384.2159.2141.1866.9459.8141.194.4

107.8849.0331.2

1,807.9405.8126.0201.7135.960.8

243.4

1,493.0948.7272.3

1,082.851.584.8

240.740.1

12,736.81,323.9

216.8280.9

3,909.0136.3949.8278.1683.9588.3149.0914.9854.4882.8168.2158.7176.5144.9

1,722.81,037.2

1,725.8225.7417.8

72.8257.7133.5104.3

319.2280.1

319.92,054.1

5,265.6130.5554.1121.093.8

398.9156.2144.5860.3471.3139.692.3

110.4863.5340.9

1,801.0407.2125.4201.4135.860.8

241.8

1,500.1954.2273.4

1,047.950.084.5

238.338.9

12,698.71,319.9

224.8287.1

3,914.0135.0945.1278.1683.5582.4146.1908.9849.0875.2167.2158.1170.6143.1

1,714.91,029.6

1,734.1226.2420.9

72.9258.7134.3104.9

317.7279.5

317.92,052.5

5,299.8131.8558.0122.794.0

402.0157.3145.3860.5473.2141.593.8

110.1867.2345.4

208.039.58.1

24.511.55.4

24.6

64.131.310.8

2.56.5

15.53.4

874.345.423.135.7

278.020.653.919.547.243.617.145.036.738.19.19.8

23.211.4

91.347.8

76.010.618.44.2

11.23.65.8

16.714.7

26.678.2

316.36.6

26.25.53.6

20.916.36.7

67.922.89.05.14.4

42.117.7

142.125.6

6.816.98.53.9

24.9

95.648.415.3

102.92.57.0

16.73.6

841.748.024.034.6

256.018.754.520.647.238.515.844.036.545.2

8.59.5

22.210.4

107.656.1

73.011.915.53.5

10.83.96.0

13.912.1

26.979.1

289.96.0

25.04.52.8

19.516.36.8

60.520.9

7.23.63.9

38.919.0

144.425.96.4

17.68.44.0

24.9

95.448.414.9

98.02.96.8

16.03.1

795.645.823.935.6

213.019.252.220.445.137.817.442.635.643.9

8.89.8

21.810.1

111.458.9

74.311.616.73.6

11.23.86.1

13.812.2

25.377.5

294.86.5

24.54.93.1

20.314.97.0

58.221.49.34.74.2

42.118.1

11.69.86.7

12.28.69.1

10.3

4.33.34.0

9.25.17.96.69.1

6.93.5

10.712.27.0

15.55.97.27.07.6

11.95.14.34.35.46.2

13.78.0

5.34.6

4.44.74.45.74.42.75.5

5.45.4

8.33.9

6.15.24.84.73.85.4

10.34.87.85.06.45.44.15.05.4

7.96.35.48.46.36.4

10.2

6.45.15.6

9.54.98.26.99.0

6.63.6

11.112.36.6

13.75.77.46.96.6

10.64.84.35.15.06.0

12.67.2

6.25.4

4.25.33.74.84.23.05.8

4.34.3

8.43.9

5.54.64.53.83.04.9

10.44.77.04.45.13.93.54.55.6

8.06.45.18.76.26.6

10.3

6.45.15.5

9.45.98.06.77.9

6.33.5

10.612.45.4

14.25.57.36.66.5

11.94.74.25.05.36.2

12.87.1

6.55.7

4.35.14.04.94.32.95.8

4.34.3

8.03.8

5.64.94.44.03.35.19.54.96.84.56.65.03.84.95.2

116



D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued


State and area


Dec.1984

2,843.454.868.3

1,265.9141.194.2

115.499.4

471.5360.8

454.6101.2

5,639.7170.362.582.2

3,065.3177.560.0

187.443.0

242.8157.5138.7101.7

2,661.257.086.2

139.1176.8266.4626.0

64.555.3

128.963.1

1,385.884.1

198.642.551.354.170.9

1,204.935.485.0

228.7

1,737.7196.9464.4

47.9

1,893.460.7

249.384.6

108.174.061.1

561.4158.5

547.942.1

105.4

2,294.21,113.0

Nov.1985

2,864.553.767.6

1,285.2144.091.9

113.497.2

479.6364.5

468.4104.8

5,680.7165.362.583.2

3,119.1(2)

60.2185.242.8

244.4152.5139.6101.7

2,786.958.390.6

143.1187.8267.0661.669.558.4

134.166.0

1,419.2(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)

1,243.838.487.8

235.0

1,716.3194.3460.443.9

1,985.164.1

264.083.9

110.073.664.9

575.4163.8

536.741.2

103.4

2,298.11,107.6

Dec.1985P

2,874.953.666.2

1,293.9143.493.1

113.798.4

481.0366.2

465.0105.4

5,664.4164.562.483.6

3,116.6(2)

60.0186.242.1

244.4152.1139.7101.6

2,758.558.989.2

142.2187.6263.8655.2

68.157.3

132.865.4

1,402.5(2)(^(2)(2)(2)(2)

1,228.737.486.7

233.1

1,703.8190.9459.6

44.1

1,965.263.6

261.883.1

108.673.164.9

569.9164.5

538.941.6

103.9

2,286.31,101.4

Unemployed

Dec.1984

156.83.83.6

53.79.27.07.76.3

27.719.9

31.55.0

482.413.84.04.4

232.525.4

5.514.54.9

12.915.312.06.7

235.45.26.8

11.913.240.942.0

2.85.69.95.5

100.65.2

11.63.41.83.98.3

65.31.55.0

13.6

161.88.0

39.24.8

185.75.0

21.58.07.89.35.3

54.811.7

32.13.23.7

112.463.5

Number

Nov.1985

178.95.34.4

63.010.37.98.37.1

27.018.6

35.65.9

512.212.94.14.5

253.5(2)

6.714.75.1

14.416.414.37.6

200.43.96.1

10.810.829.137.92.94.98.04.5

105.1(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)

64.11.54.7

12.7

172.510.536.8

5.1

221.95.7

26.59.1

10.19.76.2

62.817.2

24.52.42.8

103.459.7

Dec.1985P

168.24.73.5

60.69.67.97.56.6

26.117.7

36.96.0

472.212.13.84.2

232.6(2)

6.214.24.7

13.714.912.76.9

205.24.75.8

11.411.729.137.2

3.04.78.44.9

110.8(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)

67.81.54.8

12.8

177.910.238.0

5.9

226.95.9

27.38.99.99.56.6

61.719.8

28.02.82.9

102.158.4

Dec.1984

5.56.95.24.26.57.46.76.3

5.95.5

6.95.0

8.68.16.45.47.6

14.39.17.7

11.45.39.78.76.6

8.89.17.88.67.5

15.46.74.4

10.17.68.7

7.36.15.88.13.47.2

11.7

5.44.35.96.0

9.34.08.4

10.0

9.88.38.69.47.3

12.68.79.87.4

5.97.73.5

4.95.7


Nov.1985

6.29.86.64.97.28.57.37.3

5.65.1

7.65.7

9.07.86.65.48.1(2)11.17.9

11.85.9

10.810.27.4

7.26.86.77.65.8

10.95.74.18.36.06.8

7.4

i2)(2)(2)(*>(2)(2)

5.23.95.45.4

10.15.48.0

11.5

11.28.8

10.010.99.2

13.19.6

10.910.5

4.65.82.7

4.55.4

Dec.1985P

5.88.75.34.76.78.46.66.7

5.44.8

7.95.7

8.37.36.05.17.5

(2)10.37.6

11.15.69.89.16.8

7.48.06.58.06.2

11.05.74.48.26.37.5

7.9

(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)

5.54.15.65.5

10.45.38.3

13.3

11.59.3

10.410.79.1

13.010.210.812.0

5.26.62.8

4.55.3

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Wamer RobinsSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

Illinois1

Aurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...ChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-MolineDecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield



KansasLawrenceTopekaWichita




MarylandBaltimore


117





State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Unemployed

Number

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985?


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985P

Massachusetts1

BostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-Leominster .Lawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

Michigan1

Ann ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland .

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-StPaul.RochesterSt. Cloud

Jackson ....


Montana ...

Nebraska.Lincoln ..Omaha ...

NevadaLas Vegas ...Reno

New Hampshire..ManchesterNashua

New Jersey1

Atlantic CityBergen-PassaicJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico ...Albuquerque.Las Cruces...

3,067.51,516.0

90.174.344.4

189.2156.082.448.5

273.3204.5

4,318.1153.062.070.6

2,042.3193.6342.662.6

110.9220.4

67.1183.2

2,263.0113.2

1,302.760.281.5

1,073.1179.4

2,381.2742.642.9

1,177.2118.5

398.9

793.9114.3303.5

504.8285.0137.4

531.188.996.5

3,765.5168.1727.7237.8543.8411.8925.7164.054.0

639.4241.644.9

3,067.51,534.7

89.971.543.1

196.0153.979.047.5

268.9202.9

4,389.3(2)(*)

()(ft

2,250.4102.6

1,295.763.482.1

1,126.7189.5

2,493.5763.440.5

1,200.4122.0

394.9

828.4117.0

504.6283.5138.5

540.088.596.5

3,874.0181.0743.1244.8564.2436.7937.9168.854.7

654.7249.246.4

3,074.31,534.1

90.272.143.6

197.7153.879.747.3

270.8206.0

4,369.9

()(*)(2)(2)(*)(2)(ft2

2,244.7106.1

1,304.762.975.0

1,119.3188.9

2,480.4761.141.1

1,199.1121.8

391.4

830.2117.5

502.7284.2136.6

544.488.996.6

3,851.4176.9739.8243.4563.5434.8929.8168.554.5

656.6250.746.2

120.448.8

3.65.12.28.15.15.92.4

13.07.5

457.19.16.89.2

194.122.633.1

7.18.6

17.48.1

24.0

161.117.064.1

3.27.8

110.412.1

167.839.3

3.686.3

6.2

29.6

34.43.3

14.1

40.524.8

8.7

18.42.12.2

203.015.134.922.819.818.153.0

7.46.8

47.413.73.2

109.647.5

3.54.61.87.84.95.01.6

10.06.8

391.3(2)(ft

()(ft

144.010.964.3

3.07.1

107.313.7

149.637.1

2.785.0

5.5

31.3

51.14.9

42.024.110.3

14.41.82.6

217.216.636.022.323.221.057.6

7.36.3

56.316.33.9

118.748.7

3.95.02.08.35.45.71.8

11.97.7

330.0(ft2

()(ft(*)2

168.115.971.3

3.37.0

112.312.8

152.937.6

2.880.9

5.8

34.4

50.74.7

41.424.5

9.5

13.91.62.4

207.815.834.622.322.519.953.86.36.5

56.215.83.6

3.93.24.06.94.94.33.27.14.84.83.7

10.65.9

10.913.09.5

11.79.7

11.37.77.9

12.113.1

7.115.14.95.39.5

10.36.7

7.05.38.47.35.2

7.4

4.32.94.7

8.08.76.3

3.52.42.3

5.49.04.89.63.64.45.74.5

12.6

7.45.77.1

3.63.13.96.44.14.03.26.33.33.73.3

8.9

ft(*)2

6.410.65.04.78.7

9.57.2

6.04.96.57.14.5

7.9

6.24.2

8.38.57.4

2.72.02.7

5.69.24.89.14.14.86.14.3

11.5

8.66.58.4

3.93.24.36.94.74.23.57.13.84.43.7

7.6(ft(*)(ft(ft(ft(ft(ft(*)(ft(ft{*)

7.515.05.55.39.4

10.06.8

6.24.96.86.74.7

8.8

6.14.0

(ft

8.28.66.9

2.61.82.5

5.48.94.79.24.04.65.83.7

11.9

8.66.37.8






State and area


Dec.1984

8,210.1406.2129.4444.2

37.146.7

1,441.63,723.83,070.0

111.7118.0484.2316.1132.4

3,060.585.1

561.7484.1375.3

309.742.176.229.1

5,104.0302.1183.8698.4914.8665.3448.1293.9217.2

1,538.630.840.8

495.1356.4

1,331.7130.8617.2124.0

5,545.1314.8

56.376.8

124.4312.3100.1196.7

2,271.8965.7169.2343.549.454.252.6

186.6

496.3137.6334.1

1,499.5186.6205.7296.9

336.868.9

Nov.1985

8,547.2420.5131.7455.3

36.749.1

1,501.03,906.93,238.0

117.8122.4500.8322.3139.0

3,196.688.9

577.1505.9399.8

322.342.080.832.0

5,210.8306.6189.8715.8921.7694.1461.7299.7219.2

1,548.429.941.4

497.0358.4

1,346.5130.9625.1125.7

5,527.2315.2

56.977.2

124.1313.7100.3197.8

2,275.4961.3166.3342.148.457.652.0

187.6

508.8138.6340.5

1,547.9200.1213.6303.5

342.771.8

Dec.1985P

8,479.1419.1130.1451.9

36.348.2

1,490.93,882.73,219.0

116.8121.8494.2318.9137.9

3,197.189.1

578.6507.2402.3

323.042.482.332.5

5,167.2304.3188.4713.2915.8691.1459.0298.3219.0

1,545.329.741.6

495.3358.7

1,343.9131.6628.3122.4

5,585.0319.6

57.577.2

125.1316.0101.3201.5

2,294.4968.1169.3348.149.156.652.9

188.6

508.0139.2340.0

1,534.4200.2213.4302.2

339.571.7

Unemployed

Dec.1984

531.921.4

6.733.03.13.5

63.1267.8243.0

6.44.2

25.917.510.5

203.85.5

31.525.511.6

17.83.13.41.1

470.129.419.853.779.244.332.725.026.0

102.91.92.3

27.323.0

128.113.646.311.7

405.222.34.98.4

10.514.312.97.7

120.588.3

9.630.75.13.94.5

10.6

26.38.4

17.3

102.89.28.6

17.2

17.13.1

Number

Nov.1985

519.020.1

7.830.6

3.03.8

60.8262.9238.0

6.14.3

25.319.310.4

153.33.7

26.222.1

9.9

19.53.33.21.1

467.228.521.550.876.245.434.323.525.8

110.12.12.3

29.625.6

101.910.039.2

8.7

418.526.0

5.610.910.316.012.07.3

126.483.510.930.34.54.64.2

12.1

20.37.0

12.9

112.99.99.3

19.1

19.53.7

Dec.1985?

501.520.9

7.730.02.83.6

56.0250.6230.0

6.24.2

24.518.310.2

134.53.1

23.417.88.4

21.93.44.21.5

436.826.520.348.270.941.632.022.125.0

109.12.12.3

28.724.9

104.710.639.6

9.5

408.426.9

5.810.110.014.112.78.4

119.179.911.131.64.23.94.5

10.8

22.38.3

13.8

114.29.88.8

18.8

17.63.0

Dec.1984

6.55.35.17.48.47.54.47.27.95.73.55.35.57.9

6.76.55.65.33.1

5.87.34.43.9

9.29.7

10.77.78.76.77.38.5

12.0

6.76.05.85.56.5

9.610.47.59.4

7.37.18.8

10.98.44.6

12.93.95.39.15.78.9

10.37.18.55.7

5.36.15.2

6.94.94.25.8

5.14.5


Nov.1985

6.14.86.06.78.17.84.06.77.35.23.55.16.07.4

4.84.24.54.42.5

6.17.84.03.5

9.09.3

11.37.18.36.57.47.8

11.7

7.17.05.66.07.1

7.67.66.36.9

7.68.39.9

14.18.35.1

12.03.75.68.76.68.99.38.08.16.5

4.05.13.8

7.35.04.36.3

5.75.2

Dec.1985?

5.95.05.96.67.87.43.86.57.15.33.55.05.77.4

4.23.54.13.52.1

6.88.05.14.5

8.58.7

10.86.87.76.07.07.4

11.4

7.17.15.65.86.9

7.88.06.37.7

7.38.4

10.113.18.04.5

12.54.25.28.36.59.18.57.08.55.7

4.46.04.1

7.44.94.16.2

5.24.2

New York1

Albany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York

New York City1

Orange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterSyracuseUtica-Rome

North Carolina1

AshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High PointRaleigh-Durham


Ohio1

AkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren



Pennsylvania1

Allentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphiaPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-BarreSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork





119





State and area


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985*

Unemployed

Number

Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985?


Dec.1984

Nov.1985

Dec.1985?

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-BristolKnoxvilleMemphis LMANashville

Texas1

AbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-HarlingenBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFort Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionMidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Odgen

VermontBurlington

VirginiaCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle



Wyoming

2,253.8205.4210.6264.6431.7487.3

7,902.663.9

100.9389.9177.183.992.359.6

168.51,307.6

204.4606.0

96.51,664.8

78.039.477.6

114.8121.466.970.151.2

535.843.151.682.037.893.762.7

734.693.4

476.3

274.575.7

2,892.673.455.275.1

566.7405.0118.0

2,056.2930.6

775.8124.4126.172.279.3

2,425.8156.961.199.170.957.051.3

196.8725.6

86.454.053.8

244.1

2,281.8216.6208.7259.2443.0495.1

7,960.565.2

102.1406.7168.682.491.561.1

170.81,322.7

203.1624.3

95.91,679.6

81.438.676.7

114.6118.164.367.251.1

540.942.952.483.337.893.761.8

787.6101.4508.2

281.977.5

2,920.272.655.575.1

581.0408.7120.7

2,097.3950.7

778.0128.5126.574.979.4

2,395.0158.560.298.069.953.051.0

200.4711.1

84.153.452.6

244.4

2,256.4217.7207.9256.2439.4490.4

7,885.264.9

101.0400.0166.082.190.560.1

169.01,306.2

202.6617.9

95.11,667.3

79.538.275.8

114.0117.263.766.950.6

538.242.351.982.837.093.661.4

781.5100.6506.2

286.277.2

2,907.572.354.774.9

579.6406.2119.2

2,103.7958.7

770.6127.9126.274.977.7

2,395.5159.359.898.270.153.851.7

199.5714.4

85.153.752.6

243.1

195.115.316.523.629.024.8

443.52.34.7

11.918.54.7

11.22.1

12.442.820.023.7

8.997.94.05.96.05.6

25.02.33.02.0

26.32.53.84.41.94.72.9

47.36.4

28.2

14.42.7

145.73.84.93.8

24.617.04.5

200.870.5

124.915.817.17.5

12.1

185.712.05.27.35.14.23.5

10.047.8

7.23.54.9

13.8

166.813.014.318.628.221.0

514.73.95.3

19.819.46.1

11.62.8

14.061.618.530.8

9.4116.0

6.75.07.25.6

20.22.83.42.1

30.32.74.65.42.64.93.4

48.37.0

28.6

13.02.4

157.23.05.24.6

28.819.26.2

163.557.5

105.912.316.58.2

10.5

164.410.54.45.94.96.02.89.0

43.06.53.54.1

19.1

171.713.414.620.028.621.3

498.24.06.7

16.218.86.3

11.52.7

14.256.718.828.9

9.2112.0

5.44.97.05.7

19.22.63.31.9

30.62.64.55.22.45.13.4

46.76.8

27.3

12.92.2

160.33.35.44.3

29.218.44.9

167.557.9

95.611.415.77.89.0

180.511.74.86.55.46.13.19.5

46.57.33.64.5

20.1

8.77.47.88.96.75.1

5.63.64.73.1

10.45.6

12.23.57.43.39.83.99.25.95.1

15.07.74.9

20.63.44.33.94.95.97.45.45.15.04.6

6.46.85.9

5.23.6

5.05.28.95.14.34.23.8

9.87.6

16.112.713.510.415.3

7.77.78.57.47.17.46.85.16.68.36.59.1

5.6

7.36.06.97.26.44.2

6.56.05.24.9

11.57.4

12.74.68.24.79.14.99.86.98.2

12.89.34.9

17.14.35.04.15.66.48.96.56.85.25.4

6.16.95.6

4.63.1

5.44.19.36.14.94.75.1

7.86.0

13.69.6

13.010.913.3

6.96.67.36.07.0

11.45.54.56.17.76.67.7

7.8

7.66.17.07.86.54.3

6.36.16.64.0

11.37.7

12.74.58.44.39.34.79.76.76.8

12.99.25.0

16.34.14.93.75.76.28.66.36.45.55.5

6.06.75.4

4.52.9

5.54.69.95.85.04.54.1

8.06.0

12.48.9

12.510.511.6

7.57.38.06.67.7

11.36.14.86.58.56.78.6

8.3

1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. Officialestimates for North Carolina prior to 1985 are not derived from the CurrentPopulation Survey. See the Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor ForceData.


120

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1984 have beenbenchmarked to 1984 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1985 areprovisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomesavailable. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of thispublication.


Revised

Seasonally Adjusted

Labor Force Series,

1981-85



1. Labor force by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status

(In thousands)

Year

1981 .1982198319841985

19811982 .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 .. ..1985

January

109.658110.721112.318113.877116.451

63,33663,57563,95764.88365,737

February

109.874111.141112,327114,367116,685

63,36263,74064,04965,07565.782

March

110,189111,255112,279114,420117,036

63,50963,77164,07065,11265,898

April

110,558111,475112,491114,776116,958

63,68363,87664,22365,13665,929

May

Labor force

110,849112,206112,575115,412117,044

Labor force

63,81164.27664,38165,30366,012

June July August

including resident Armed Forces, total

110.025111,757113,529115,508116,726

110,204112,007113,400115,620116,976

110,389112,237113,927115,430117,069

including resident Armed Forces, men

63,22563,84064,82765,51365,808

63,35363,90864,85365,44265,884

63,51064.05664,91365,38465,945

September

109,955112,393113,984115,515117,522

63,37664,19964,83365,58066,074

October

110,678112,424113,634115,741117,814

63,52764,28364,70765,53966,227

November

110,895112,720113,903115,864117,832

63,60664,36564,89265,67466,176

December

110,577112,627113,956116,202117,927

63,55764,24464,84865,82166.139

Labor force, including resident Armed Forces, women

46,32247,14648,36148,99450,714

108,026109,065110,651112,191114,754

46.51247,40148,27849,29250,903

108,242109,477110,663112,683114,982

46,68047,48448,20949,30851.138

108.553109,584110,615112,734115,335

46,87547,59948,26849,64051.029

108.925109,807110,820113,083115,256

47,03847,93048,19450,10951,032

46,80047,91748,70249,99550,918


109,222110,541110,906113,722115,339

108,396110,093111,861113,818115,024

46,85146,09948,54750,17851,092

46,87948,18149,01450,04651,124

all civilian workers

108,556110,333111.736113,922115,272

108,725110,548112,245113,718115,343

46,57948,19449,15149,93551,448

108,294110.723112,289113,795115,790

47,15148,14148,92750,20251,587

109,024110,756111,939114,036116,114

47.28948.35549,01150,19051,655

109,236111,060112,218114,165116.130

47,02048,38349,10850,38151,788

108,912110,962112,268114,504116.229

Civilian labor force, men

61,83462.05562,42663,34164,188

61,86162,21362.52163,53564,228

62,00462,23962,54263,57064,345

62,18262,34762,69363,58864,376

62,31462,74962,85363,75864,456

61,72662,31463,30263,96864,256

61,84262,37163,33263,89164,330

61,98362,50563,37563,82164.371

61,85162,67363,28464,00964,494

62,00662,75963,16463,98264,676

62,08162,84963,35864,12264,624

62,02862,71563,31164,27164,590

Civilian labor force, women

46,19247,01048,22548,85050,566

46,38147.26448,14249,14850,754

46,54947,34548,07349,16450,990

46,74347,46048,12749,49550,880

46,90847,79248,05349,96450,883

46,67047,77948,55949,85050,768

46,71447,96248,40450,03150,942

46.74248.04348,87049,89750,972

46,44348,05049,00549,78651,296

47,01847,99748,77550,05451,438

47,15548,21148,86050,04351,506

46,88448,24748,95750,23351,639

Civilian labor force, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

9.3008,6648,3257.9418.004

4,9744,6014,3584,0934,191

9,2578,7038,1908,0128.092

4.9334,5954,3194,1594,191

9,2128,5678,1297,9618,086

4,8974.5514,2724,1924,191

9,2898,6068,1068,0067,988

4,9464,5264,2404,1454,211

9,1608,7618,0277,9748,017

8,7808,2838,3908,0667,593

Civilian labor force,

4,8554,6384,2304,1564,216

4,6244,2894,4064,1784,010

8,8398,3688,1797,9837,924

8,9318,5238,3667,8007,734

men, 16 to 19 years

4,6634,2944,3334,1214,172

4,7464,4714,3964,0354,102

8,8358,4748,1557,9617,825

4,6764,3914,3044,1424,087

8,8518,5028,0197,8877,925

4,7054,4344,2344,1084,150

8,8528,5288,0777,8577,864

4,7204,4694,2864,1594,071

8,6028,3848,0817,9217,811

4,5994,4014,2354,1654,042

Civilian labor force, women, 16 to 19 years

4,3264,0633,9673,8483.813

4,3244,1083,8713,8533.901

4,3154.0163,8573.7693,895

4,3434,0803,8663,8613,777

4,3054,1233,7973,8183,801

4,1563,9943,9843,8883,583

4,1764,0743,8463,8623,752

4,1854,0523,9703,7653,632

4,1594,0833,8513,8193.738

4,1464,0683,7853,7793,775

4,1324,0593,7913,6983,793

4,0033,9833,8463,7563,769

122



1. Labor force by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status—Continued

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 . .19831984 . .1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Civilian labor force, both sexes, 20 years and over

98,726100,401102,326104,250106,750

98,985100,774102,473104,671106,890

99,341101,017102,486104,773107,249

99,636101,201102,714105,077107,268

100,062101,780102,879105,748107,322

99,616101,810103,471105,752107,431

99,717101,965103,557105,939107,348

99,794102,025103,879105,918107,609

Civilian labor force, men, 20 years and over

56,86057,45458,06859,24859,997

56,92857,61858,20259,37660,037

57,10757,68858,27059,37860,154

57,23657,82158,45359,44360,165

57,45958,11158,62359,60260,240

57,10258,02558,89659,79060,246

57,17958,07758,99959,77060,158

57,23758,03458,97959,78660,269

99,459102,249104,134105,834107,965

57,17558,28258,98059,86760,407

100,173102,254103,920106,149108,189

57,30158,32558,93059,87460,526

100,384102,532104,141106,308108,266

57,36158,38059,07259,96360,553

100,310102,578104,187106,583108,418

57,42958,31459,07660,10660,548

Civilian labor force, women, 20 years and over

41,86642,94744,25845,00246,753

42,05743,15644,27145,29546,853

42,23443,32944,21645,39547,095

42,40043,38044,26145,63447,103

42,60343,66944,25646,14647,082

42,51443,78544,57545,96247,185

42,53843,88844,55846,16947,190

42,55743,99144,90046,13247,340

42,28443,96745,15445,96747,558

42,87243,92944,99046,27547,663

43,02344,15245,06946,34547,713

42,88144,26445,11146,47747,870


16,12616,02316,06716,00715,902

16,06816,06716,12615,99415,865

16,06916,12816,01616,04815,782

16,12916,11216,01916,08715,806

16,23216,11115,91016,16215,819

16,04616,10916,15316,21315,719

16,08916,05316,14516,10415,634

16,11316,07516,12415,88915,577

16,03516,03516,07515,97115,658

16,15716,03315,97115,97515,656

16,03816,13616,00116,05815,614

16,08216,17115,88615,99915,615

Civilian labor force, men, 20 to 24 years

8,6408,6208,5918,5968,400

8,6288,6348,5918,5758,371

8,6788,6358,5038,6278,326

8,6678,6168,5658,6888,357

8,7458,6128,5318,6178,385

8,6158,5678,7428,7358,290

8,6288,5948,7078,5838,234

8,6568,5758,6678,5028,198

8,6508,5898,5808,5898,241

8,6128,6028,5358,4978,193

8,5988,6368,5668,5618,229

8,6408,6288,5068,5218,191


7,4867,4037,4767,4117,502

7,4407,4337,5357,4197,494

7,3917,4937,5137,4217,456

7,4627,4967,4547,3997,449

82,60084,37586,26488,25090,862

82,91184,70386,35888,69091,034

83,31484,92686,50488,77491,508

83,48985,07686,70289,03091,509

7,4877,4997,3797,5457,434

7,4317,5427,4117,4787,429

7,4617,4597,4387,5217,400

7,4577,5007,4577,3877,379

7,3857,4467,4957,3827,417

7,5457,4317,4367,4787,463

7,4407,5007,4357,4977,385

7,4427,5437,3807,4787,424


83,83685,65986,93389,54491,451

83,62085,77087,37889,54891,727

83,62285,92387,41989,85691,775

83,62985,89787,69089,97391,996

83,43786,24088,09189,89492,333

84,01586,19887,91390,13292,481

84,28086,37288,14390,25592,652

84,24786,41088,26390,54192,767


48,20648,82349,47950,65751,615

48,29048,97949,62250,81351,675

48,46549,08049,79050,79151,861

48,57149,22349,93150,82651,881

48,70849,48050,05350,94851,806

48,52449,49850,15851,01951,917

48,52549,45650,26751,17751,949

48,57749,46250,30351,27152,067

48,53749,71950,42351,29652,177

48,67249,69050,35751,34252,293

48,71949,72350,51251,41252,332

48,80349,69550,54451,55452,330


34,39435,55236,78537,59339,247

34,62135,72436,73637,87739,359

34,84935,84636,71437,98339,647

34,91835,85336,77138,20439,628

35,12836,17936,88038,59639,645

35,09636,27237,22038,52939,810

35,09736,46737,15238,67939,826

35,05236,43537,38738,70239,929

34,90036,52137,66838,59840,156

35,34336,50837,55638,79040,188

35,56136,64937,63138,84340,320

35,44436,71537,71938,98740,437

123




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

198119821983 ..19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . . .19821983 . . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



67,68469,47571,26173,33176,028

39,14139,87440,54341,76142,827

67,81069,77671,26073,67876,136

39,13039,99440,63441,90442,871

68,15169,85871,47573,85976,399

39,34340,05840,82241,96342,932

68,37270,00871,78074,16076,632

39,42840,16140,96642,04343,081

68,63470,43671,96174,57476,505

68,48070,50772,34174,68576,788


39,55140,37341,11242,13343,025

39,47640,40041,22642,28643,095

68,57470,79172,44274,99576,938

68,67470,85672,77175,15077,103

men, 25 to 54 years

39,47240,45341,30242,39343,178

39,58840,52141,38742,48243,249

68,62170,96272,95774,95677,467

39,62840,63041,45442,45243,364

69,08271,14772,85575,32977,566

39,71740,70541,42142,59943,462

69,38971,19873,01275,38477,768

39,82640,69541,48442,65143,503

69,37971,37773,22475,66977,969

39,83440,70641,60742,78243,583


28,54329,60130,71831,57033,201

28,68029,78230,62631,77433,265

28,80829,80030,65331,89633,467

28,94429,84730,81432,11733,551

29,08330,06330,84932,44133,480

29,00430,10731,11532,39933,693

29,10230,33831,14032,60233,760

29,08630,33531,38432,66833,854

28,99330,33231,50332,50434,103

29,36530,44231,43432,73034,104


29,85930,82531,41532,23933,178

17,25717,61317,76218,26718,658

29,92730,93831,42132,37333,233

17,28917,69217,83118,30018,689

30,16830,95831,46932,39433,269

17,40117,69517,90018,33618,685

30,27031,03431,64532,50733,414

17,42917,78017,96018,36618,779

30,45831,13231,82332,63933,371

30,40631,17131,90832,75733,532


17,52217,81718,04718,38718,764

17,49617,81918,07718,45718,783

30,47431,24231,85632,89633,606

30,49531,34931,97132,99033,603

men, 25 to 34 years

17,50017,84918,06018,56418,822

17,54317,85718,09318,60218,835

30,49631,37232,03432,77033,884

17,55617,89418,11018,53118,886

30,69331,40931,96433,00533,811

17,59117,89218,08718,64018,928

29,56330,50331,52832,73334,265

30,77631,42532,17132,94033,799

17,60417,88218,18418,60918,903

29,54530,67131,61732,88734,386

30,69131,54732,17233,02733,881

17,57117,89318,19218,67018,949


12,60213,21213,65313,97214,520

12,63813,24613,59014,07314,544

12,76713,26313,56914,05814,584

12,84113,25413,68514,14114,635

12,93613,31513,77614,25214,607

12,91013,35213,83114,30014,749

12,97413,39313,79614,33214,784

12,95213,49213,87814,38814,768

12,94013,47813,92414,23914,998

13,10213,51713,87714,36514,883

13,17213,54313,98714,33114,896

13,12013,65413,98014,35714,932


20,77821,86323,09624,24425,611

11,98912,46513,06313,77614,325

8,7899,398

10,03310,46811,286

20,83522,00723,14824,48925,579

11,98112,53513,10213,87414,306

8,8549,472

10,04610,61511,273

20,93222,01423,25924,55325,767

12,05212,58113,19813,88614,365

8,8809,433

10,06110,66711,402

21,03322,11723,35424,69025,833

12,10112,62213,25813,93414,407

8,9329,495

10,09610,75611,426

21,08322,31023,36824,92325,876

21,07922,41623,54724,89326,010


12,11612,74113,31913,99414,425

Civilian

8,9679,569

10,04910,92911,451

12,10012,78513,39414,03314,452

21,15522,52423,68525,02126,077

21,28722,64823,78925,07826,196

men, 35 to 44 years

12,09412,82313,46414,05914,504

12,18112,89213,49014,06214,559

labor force, women, 35 to 44 years

8,9799,631

10,15310,86011,558

9,0619,701

10,22110,96211,573

9,1069,756

10,29911,01611,637

21,36222,66523,92125,17026,247

12,25412,91913,55414,14614,613

9,1089,746

10,36711,02411,634

21,50422,81323,94525,27826,440

12,29112,99813,57714,18514,658

9,2139,815

10,36811,09311,782

21,66622,86324,00525,32526,587

12,35213,01713,61414,20714,709

9,3149,846

10,39111,11811,878

21,78123,01724,16825,51926,619

12,44913,05713,69414,28114,727

9,3329,960

10,47411,23811,892

124




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



17,04716,78716,75016,84817,239

9,8959,7969,7189,7189,844

17,04816,83116,69116,81617,324

9,8609,7679,7019,7309,876

17,05116,88616,74716,91217,363

9,8909,7829,7249,7419,882

17,06916,85716,78116,96317,385

9,8989,7599,7489,7439,895

17,09316,99416,77017,01217,258

16,99516,92016,88617,03517,246


9,9139,8159,7469,7529,836

9,8809,7969,7559,7969,860

16,94517,02516,90117,07817,255

16,89216,85917,01117,08217,304

men, 45 to 54 years

9,8789,7819,7789,7709,852

9,8649,7729,8049,8189,855

16,76316,92517,00217,01617,336

9,8189,8179,7909,7759,865

16,88516,92516,94617,04617,315

9,8359,8159,7579,7749,876

16,94716,91016,83617,11917,382

9,8709,7969,6869,8359,891

16,90716,81316,88417,12317,469

9,8149,7569,7219,8319,907


7,1526,9917,0327,1307,395

7,1887,0646,9907,0867,448

7,1617,1047,0237,1717,481

7,1717,0987,0337,2207,490

7,1807,1797,0247,2607,422

7,1157,1247,1317,2397,386

7,0677,2447,1237,3087,403

7,0287,0877,2077,2647,449

6,9457,1087,2127,2417,471

7,0507,1107,1897,2727,439

7,0777,1147,1507,2847,491

7,0937,0577,1637,2927,562


14,97314,94515,05314,95914,873

15,05414,86415,03414,96514,863

15,13615,02514,95814,83615,023

15,14315,10214,96714,91814,926

15,14315,17614,93114,93014,913

15,07115,19615,01314,86814,941

15,04115,15215,02714,88114,856

14,97915,10114,99614,87414,920

14,87015,30515,12614,92614,835

14,93015,06015,07414,81714,925

14,86815,12615,09214,84214,867


9,0898,9738,9578,9168,798

9,1258,9408,9508,8788,784

9,1269,0078,9208,7638,863

9,1439,0678,9768,7998,821

9,1199,0778,9238,8118,789

9,0459,1008,9638,7638,849

9,0459,0138,9868,7858,765

8,9888,9658,9428,8038,813

8,9449,1078,9718,8508,811

8,9468,9958,9548,7588,844

8,8979,0149,0148,7468,814

14,92115,06115,05314,87414,821

8,9868,9888,9318,7688,763


5,8845,9726,0966,0436,075

5,9295,9246,0846,0876,079

6,0106,0186,0386,0736,160

6,0006,0355,9916,1196,105

6,0246,0996,0086,1196,124

6,0266,0966,0506,1056,092

5,9966,1396,0416,0966,091

5,9916,1366,0546,0716,107

5,9266,1986,1556,0766,024

5,9846,0656,1206,0596,081

5,9716,1126,0786,0966,053

5,9356,0736,1226,1066,058


11,97911,95712,03411,94611,981

7,2257,1357,1247,0947,079

12,01211,87212,01111,98611,958

7,2467,0977,1237,0757,048

12,07612,01211,91711,90812,055

7,2557,1467,0637,0067,069

12,03512,07211,93612,00011,998

7,2177,1947,1237,0597,072

12,08012,05011,92611,99612,027

11,99412,08812,00411,98912,032


7,2347,1857,1157,0367,050

7,1727,1917,1227,0247,108

11,99212,10211,98311,97311,978

11,94012,10911,94711,95312,037

men, 55 to 64 years

7,1927,1697,1057,0367,067

7,1327,1767,0867,0637,071

11,87912,24911,97711,96111,950

7,1257,2807,1027,0687,052

11,90012,09212,02511,86812,019

7,0767,2097,1277,0087,072

11,86712,11912,03511,93311,969

7,0767,1807,1557,0297,048

11,88012,049

* 12,05611,99911,887

7,1017,1497,1397,0796,975


4,7544,8224,9104,8524,902

4,7664,7754,8884,9114,910

4,8214,8664,8544,9024,986

4,8184,8784,8134,9414,926

4,8464,8654,8114,9604,977

4,8224,8974,8824,9654,924

4,8004,9334,8784,9374,911

4,8084,9334,8614,8904,966

4,7544,9694,8754,8934,898

4,8244,8834,8984,8604,947

4,7914,9394,8804,9044,921

4,7794,9004,9174,9204,912

125




(In thousands)

Year

1981 .. .1982198319841985

19811982 . . . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . ..19841985



2,9942,9883,0193,0132,892

3,0422,9923,0232,9792,905

3,0603,0133,0412,9282,968

3,1083,0303,0312,9182,928

3,0633,1263,0052,9342,886

3,0773,1083,0092,8792,909

3,0493,0503,0442,9082,878

3,0392,9923,0492,9212,883

2,9913,0563,1492,9652,885

3,0302,9683,0492,9492,906

3,0013,0073,0572,9092,898

3,0413,0122,9972,8752,934


1,8641,8381,8331,8221,719

1,8791,8431,8271,8031,736

1,8711,8611,8571,7571,794

1,9261,8731,8531,7401,749

1,8851,8921,8081,7751,739

1,8731,9091,8411,7391,741

1,8531,8441,8811,7491,698

1,8561,7891.8561,7401,742

1,8191,8271,8691,7821,759

1,8701,7861,8271,7501,772

1,8211,8341,8591,7171,766

1,8851,8391,7921,6891,788


1,1301,1501.1861,1911,173

1,1631,1491,1961,1761,169

1,1891,1521,1841,1711,174

1,1821,1571,1781,1781,179

1,1781,2341,1971,1591,147

1,2041,1991,1681,1401,168

1,1961,2061,1631,1591,180

1,1831,2031,1931,1811,141

1,1721,2291,2801,1831,126

1,1601,1821,2221,1991,134

1,1801,1731,1981,1921,132

1,1561,1731,2051,1861,146

Civilian labor force, white workers

94.44995,28796,19797,71799,358

94,77595,59896.16798.05899,612

94,91195,72096,13998,21199,862

95,23196,00096,32898,32299,718

95,56696,45796,43798,74399,771

94,83796,15897.24998,77499,527

95,00096,33397,22698,69699,705

95,08196.33097,63798,33799,817

94,71396.50897,58298,493

100,179

95,40196,51997,48498,665

100,533

95,43896.67297,71598,684

100,478

95,24396,62297,78899,044

100,533

Civilian labor force, white men

54,71154,90454,89355,81856,307

54,85955,01955,04555,93256,356

54,89855,02155,07056,01956,420

55.06155,12655,18355,96556,466

55,13155,40255,34856,02856,526

54,73155,08755,67456,20856,342

54,82355,10055,70056,02256,351

54,88055,18355,76655,90456,410

54,79555,30055.64756,13456,522

54.95955,35255,64756,08156,708

54,96855,31955.74556.15556,640

54,92255,19655,74956,29656,592

Civilian labor force, white women

39,73840,38341,30441,89943,051

39,91640,57941,12242,12643,256

40,01340,69941,06942,19243,442

40,17040,87441,14542,35743,252

~ 40,43541,05541,08942,71543,245

40,10641,07141,57542,56643,185

40,17741,23341,52642,67443,354

40,20141,14741,87142,43343,407

39,91841,20841,93542,35943,657

40,44241,16741,83742,58443,825

40.47041,35341,97042,52943,838

40,32141,42642,03942,74843,941

Civilian labor force, white workers, 16 to 19 years

8,1767,6627,3347,0206,939

8,2267,6537,2447,0687,019

8,1537,5607,2257,0747,001

8,1767,6657,1447.0256,890

8,0937,7447,0697,0046,916

7,7867,3717,3047,0186,577

7,8417,3877,1906,9506,822

7,9447,4807,3346,7516,686

7,8797,4447,1606,9336,793

7,853 I7,4907,0656,8826,879

7,8217,4497,0716,8156,815

7,6327,3487,1266,9046.777

Civilian labor force, white men, 16 to 19 years

4,3524,0733,8203,6143,633

4,3664,0373.8113,6533,629

4,3304,0003,7723,6933,618

4,3314,0073,7403,6223,641

4,2674,1023,7133,6383,649

4,1063,8083,8053,6193,472

4,1283,7963,7623,5873,599

4,1913,9213.8333,4813,533

4,1723,8553,7703,6063,539

4,2113,8913,7193,5843,603

4,1773,8733,7143,5953,515

4,0693,8483,7213,6233,495

Civilian labor force, white women, 16 to 19 years

3,8243,5893,5143.4063,306

3.8603,6163,4333,4153,390

3,8233,5603,4533,3813,383

3,8453,6583,4043,4033,249

3,8263,6423,3563,3663,267

3,6803,5633,4993,3993,105

3,7133,5913,4283,3633,223

3.7533,5593,5013.2703,153

3,7073,5893.3903,3273,254

3,6423,5993,3463,2983,276

3,6443,5763,3573.2203,300

3,5633,5003,4053,2813,282

126




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 . .. .1985


Civilian labor force, white workers, 20 years and over

86,27387,62588,86390,69792,419

86,54987,94588,92390,99092,593

86,75888,16088,91491,13792,861

87,05588,33589,18491,29792,828

87,47388,71389,36891,73992,855

87,05188,78789,94591,75692,950

87,15988,94690,03691,74692,883

87,13788,85090,30391,58693,131

86,83489,06490,42291,56093,386

87,54889,02990,41991,78393,654

87,61789,22390,64491,86993,663

87,61189,27490,66292,14093,756

Civilian labor force, white men, 20 years and over

50,35950,83151,07352,20452,674

35,91436,79437,79038,49339,745

50,49350,98251,23452,27952,727

36,05636,96337,68938,71139,866

50,56851,02151,29852,32652,802

36,19037,13937,61638,81140,059

50,73051,11951,44352,34352,825

36,32537,21637,74138,95440,003

50,86451,30051,63552,39052,877

50,62551,27951,86952,58952,870

50,69551,30451,93852,43552,752

50,68951,26251,93352,42352,877

Civilian labor force, white women, 20 years and ove

36,60937,41337,73339,34939,978

36,42637,50838,07639,16740,080

36,46437,64238,09839,31140,131

36,44837,58838,37039,16340,254

50,62351,44551,87752,52852,983

36,21137,61938,54539,03240,403

50,74851,46151,92852,49753,105

36,80037,56838,49139,28640,549

50,79151,44652,03152,56053,125

36,82637,77738,61339,30940,538

50,85351,34852,02852,67353,097

36,75837,92638,63439,46740,659

Civilian labor force, black workers

11,02611,23311,60511,71112,305

10,94911,22711,56711,88312,299

11,06211,24111,56211,85612,294

11,16811,19311,59711,86612,364

11,09911,28611,62211,97512,372

11,01811,23611,75412,00112,317

10,95611,31711,73712,09312,354

11,01811,35811,70612,16812,289

11,08511,41811,72412,08912,378

Civilian labor force, black men

5,6745,7345,9196,0296,176

5,6355,7805,8836,1216,207

5,6645,7695,8856,0926,168

5,7105,7625,9316,0396,191

5,7595,7895,9516,1256,222

5,6255,7366,0536,1056,180

5,6185,7826,0556,1496,232

5,6755,7866,0146,1496,217

5,6965,8385,9836,1336,263

11,21811,45011,57612,20012,412

11,23211,50011,61912,26312,457

11,21711,55011,65712,26312,522

5,7215,8625,9166,1806,266

5,7105,9155,9776,1636,228

5,7475,9215,9676,1986,278

Civilian labor force, black women

5,3525,4995,6865,6826,129

5,3145,4475,6845,7626,092

5,3985,4725,6775,7646,126

5,4585,4315,6665,8276,173

5,3405,4975,6715,8506,150

5,3935,5005,7015,8966,137

5,3385,5355,6825,9446,122

5,3435,5725,6926,0196,072

5,3895,5805,7415,9566,115

5,4975,5885,6606,0206,146

5,5225,5855,6426,1006,229

5,4705,6295,6906,0656,244

Civilian labor force, black workers, 16 to 19 years

948838813772896

872859781803894

882845777778902

935784811827905

882826801111909

842751901856859

810797815847908

803841833846846

812842802857866

866832778864907

853834796849875

837838794846890

Civilian labor force, black men, 16 to 19 years

525441438407474

479459420426460

453452424432465

509431421443477

I 483438434441468

439392481444449

443418453439487

450441447435470

427442422451475

429441412451488

448439429452456

454440415455481

Civilian labor force, black women, 16 to 19 years

423397375365422

393400361377434

429393353346437

426353390384428

399388367336441

403359420412410

367379362408421

353400386411376

385400380406391

437391366413419

405395367397419

383398379391409

127




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985

19811982 . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . . . . . . .1982198319841985

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

January

10,07810,39510,79210,93911,409

February

10,07710,36810,78611,08011,405

March

10,18010,39610,78511,07811,392

April

10,23310,40910,78611,03911,459

May June July August

Civilian labor force, black workers, 20 years and ove

10,21710,46010,82111,19811,463

10,17610,48510,85311,14511,458

10,14610,52010,92211,24611,446

10,21510,51710,87311,32211,443

September

r

10,27310,57610,92211,23211,512

October

10,35210,61810,79811,33611,505

November

10,37910,66610,82311,41411,582

December

10,38010,71210,86311,41711,632

Civilian labor force, black men, 20 years and over

5,1495,2935,4815,6225,702

4,9295,1025,3115,3175,707

5,1565,3215,4635,6955,747

4,9215,0475,3235,3855,658

5,2115,3175,4615,6605,703

4,9695,0795,3245,4185,689

5,2015,3315,5105,5965,714

5,0325,0785,2765,4435,745

5,2765,3515,5175,6845,754

5,1865,3445,5725,6615,731

5,1755,3645,6025,7105,745

5,2255,3455,5675,7145,747

Civilian labor force, black women, 20 years and ove

4,9415,1095,3045,5145,709

4,9905,1415,2815,4845,727

4,9715,1565,3205,5365,701

4,9905,1725,3065,6085,696

5,2695,3965,5615,6825,788

5,0045,1805,3615,5505,724

5,2925,4215,5045,7295,778

5,0605,1975,2945,6075,727

5,2625,4765,5485,7115,772

5,1175,1905,2755,7035,810

5,2935,4815,5525,7435,797

5,0875,2315,3115,6745,835

Civilian labor force, Hispanic-origin workers

6,3616,5856,8597,2767,506

6,4686,6976,9087,2237,591

6,3596,7156,8637,3517,621

6,4496,7376,9847,3317,607

6,4976,7996,9647,4017,616

6,5086,6897,0717,4777,669

6,5046,6717,0147,4697,713

6,4966,7387,1107,4867,781

6,4746,7477,1247,5337,844

6,5596,8167,0827,5577,854

6,6056,7877,1547,5837,782

6,6006,8577,1867,6917,772

Civilian labor force, married men, spouse present

40,75440,50140,39540,65741,261

25,40325,42426,30526,62227,548

40,73740,55640,36640,83241,142

25,37725,63226,14726,82427,567

40,80040,53740,40040,77541,223

25,46325,78426,19426,80527,785

40,83040,66440,41140,90341,121

25,52325,88526,32827,04727,696

40,71840,76740,38440,94240,893

40,58340,91040,62440,95540,841

40,50940,89240,80341,05040,876

40,51540,87640,94940,96240,832

Civilian labor force, married women, spouse preseni

25,60226,05926,24127,30727,615

25,55726,23226,45127,30827,779

25,54326,05026,43327,31327,897

25,35826,07626,73827,40927,910

40,52540,90940,76341,00340,877

25,08826,06526,73327,24428,119

40,58640,89840,61540,91540,994

25,43826,10126,59827,43328,211

40,59340,69740,63441,13141,066

25,47126,14226,65427,45228,263

40,61640,54440,60741,22741,027

25,33426,22126,73827,56028,296

Civilian labor force, women who maintain families

5,4415,6995,8285,9636,198

5,4595,7445,7926,0216,207

5,4965,7035,8656,0926,241

5,6255,7635,6946,1056,276

5,5885,6525,6416,1786,308

5,5805,7825,6836,1916,262

5,5245,8695,6936,2226,251

5,5365,8775,7516,1226,310

5,6265,8545,8636,0726,266

5,6565,7835,8986,0526,153

5,7055,7895,9216,1116,230

5,7075,8055,9736,0016,285

128



2. Labor force participation rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 . .1985

19811982198319841985


Labor force participation rate, including resident Armed Forces, total

64.264.064.264.365.0

64.364.264.164.565.1

64.464.264.064.565.2

64.664.264.164.665.2

64.764.664.164.965.2

64.164.364.664.964.9

64.164.464.464.965.0

64.264.464.764.765.0

63.864.564.764.765.2

64.264.464.464.865.3

64.264.564.564.865.2

64.064.464.564.965.2

Labor force participation rate, including resident Armed Forces, men

77.777.076.576.676.8

77.677.176.576.776.8

77.777.176.576.776.8

77.977.176.676.776.8

77.977.576.776.876.8

77.176.977.277.076.5

77.276.977.176.876.6

77.377.077.176.776.6

77.177.176.976.876.6

77 A77.176.776.776.7

77.177.276.976.876.6

77.076.976.776.976.5

Labor force participation rate, including resident Armed Forces, women

51.952.252.953.054.3

52.152.452.853.354.4

52.252.452.753.254.6

52.452.552.753.554.5

52.552.852.654.054.4

52.252.753.153.854.3

52.252.952.854.054.4

52.152.953.353.854.4

51.852.953.453.654.7

52.352.853.153.954.8

52.453.053.153.854.8

52.153.053.253.954.9

Civilian labor force participation rate, all civilian workers

63.963.763.863.964.7

63.963.863.864.164.8

64.163.863.764.164.9

64.263.963.864.364.8

64.364.363.864.664.8

63.763.964.264.664.6

63.864.064.164.664.7

63.864.164.364.464.7

63.564.164.364.464.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, men

77.376.576.076.176.3

77.276.776.176.376.3

77.376.676.076.376.4

77.576.776.276.276.4

77.577.176.376.476.4

76.776.576.776.676.1

76.876.576.776.476.1

76.976.676.776.376.1

76.676.776.576.476.2

63 864.164.064.465.0

63 964.264.164.564.9

76.776.776.376.376.3

76.776.876.476.476.2

63 664.164.164.664.9

76.676.476.376.576.1

Civilian labor force participation rate, women

51.952.152.952.954.2

52.052.352.753.254.4

52.152.452.653.254.6

52.352.452.653.554.4

52.452.752.553.954.4

52.152.753.053.854.2

52.152.852.853.954.3

52.152.953.253.754.3

51.752.853.353.554.6

52.352.753.053.854.7

52.452.953.153.754.7

52.052.953.153.954.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

56.754.353.653.054.8

56.654.752.953.755.4

56.453.952.753.555.5

57.054.352.754.054.9

56.355.452.354.055.3

54.052.454.854.852.4

54.553.153.654.454.9

55.254.355.053.253.5

54.854.153.854.454.1

55.054.453.054.054.8

55.254.753.653.954.3

53.853.853.854.454.0

Civilian labor force participation rate, men, 16 to 19 years

60.857 856.054.557.2

60.457 955.755.657.3

60.057.355.356.257.4

60.857.155.055.857.8

59.858.755.056.158.0

57.054.357.456.655.1

57.654.556.656.057.5

58.857.057.754.956.6

58.156.056.756.556.4

58.656.755.856.157.3

59.057.456.756.956.1

57.656.356.257.055.7

Civilian labor force participation rate, women, 16 to 19 years

52 650.851.251.552.3

52.751.5 !50.151.753.5

52.750.550.150.853.5

53.251.450.452.252.1

52.852.149.651.852.6

51.150.652.252.949.8

51.551.750.652.752.2

51.751.652.451.550.5

51.552.151.052.451.9

51.552.150.251.952.3

51.452.150.550.952.6

49.951.351.451.852.2

129



2. Labor force participation rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 .1985

19811982198319841985

19811982 .. ..198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 . . ..1985

19811982198319841985


Civilian labor force participation rate, both sexes, 20 years and over

64.764.664.864.965.6

64.764.864.865.165.6

64.964.964.865.165.8

65.064.964.865.265.7

Civi

79.178.678 178.378.2

51.852.253.053.054.4

79.178.778.278.378.1

51.952.453.053.354.4

79.378.778.278.378.2

52.152.552.853.454.6

79.378.878.378.278.1

65.265.264.965.565.7

64.865.165.165.565.7

64.765.165.165.565.5

ian labor force participation rate, men, i

79.579.178.578.378.2

78.978.978.778.578.1

78.978.878.778.477.9

Civilian labor force participation rate, women

52.252.552.853.654.6

52.452.852.754.154.5

52.252.953.153.854.6

52.252.953.054.054.5

64.765.165.265.465.6

64.465.165.365.365.8

10 years and over

78.978.778.678.378.0

78.778.978 578.378.1

20 years and over

52.153.053.353.954.6

51.752.953.553.654.8

64.765.065.165.465.8

78.778.878 378.278.1

52.352.853.353.954.9

64.865.165.165.465.8

78.778.878 478.278.1

64.665.165.165.565.9

78.678.678 378.378.0

52.452.953.354.054.9

52.253.153.354.055.0


77 776.877.177.078.2

85.884.984 684.785.2

77.477.077.477.078.1

85.585.184 684.584.9

77.477.376.977.378.0

86.085.283 885.184.8

77.677.376.977.678.1

78.077.376.478.078.4

77.077.377.678.378.0

77.277.077.677.877.7


85.885.084.485.785.2

86.584.984.185.185.6

85.184.586.286.384.8

85.284.885.884.884.3

77.377.277.676.977.7

76 977.077.477.478.4

, 20 to 24 years

85.584.785.584.284.3

85.484.984 785.285.2

77 577.076.977 578.6

85.085.084 384.484.9

76 977.577.178.178.6

84.785.384.685.285.6

77 177.676.677.878.8

85.185.184.184.885.3


70.269.169.969.771.7

69.769 370.569.871.7

69.269.970.369.971.6

69.870.069.869.771.5

70.070.069.271.271.6

69.470 469.570.671.6

69.669.669.871.071.4

69.670.170.069.971.5

68.969.670.470.072.0

70.469.469.971.072.7

69.470.170.071.372.1

69.470.569.571.272.6


62 662.763.063.163.8

78.077 577.177.377.1

49.049.750 550.652.0

62 762.962.963.463.8

78.177.777.277.477.2

49.349.950.451.052.0

63.062.963.063.364.1

78.277.777.377.377.3

49.550.050.351.052.3

63.063.063.063.464.0

63.263.363.163.763.8

Civilian labor fore

78.377.877.577.277.2

78.478.177.577.377.0

62.963.363.363.663.9

62.863.363.263.763.9

:e participation rate, men,

78.078.077.677.277 A

Civilian labor force participation

49.549.950.351.252.2

49.850.350.451.752.2

49.650.350.751.552.3

77.877.877.677.477.0

rate, women

49.550.550.651.652.3

62.763.263.363.763.9

62.463.363.563.564.1 •

25 years and over

77.877.777.577.477.0

77.678.077.677.377.1

25 years and over

49.450.450.851.652.3

49.150.451.151.452.5

62.863.263.363.664.0

77.777.877.477.277.1

49.650.350.951.552.5

62.963.263.463.664.1

77.677.777.577.277.0

49.950.450.951.552.6

62.763.263.363.764.1

77.677.577.477.376.9

49.650.550.951.652.7

130




(Percent)

Year

1981198219831984 . .1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985 . .

19811982198319841985 . .

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985



79.079.479.880.181.3

79.079.679.680.481.3

79.379.679.780.481.4

79.479.679.980.681.5

79.679.980.080.981.2

79.379.980.280.881.4

79.280.080.281.081.4

79.280.080.481.081.4

79.080.080.580.781.7

79.480.080.280.981.6

79.679.980.280.881.6

79.480.080.381.081.7


94.293.893.393.794.1

94.093.993.393.994.1

94.393.993.693.894.0

94.494.093.893.894.1

94.594.393.993.893.9

94.194.294.094.093.9

93.994.294.094.093.9

94.194.294.094.193.9

94.094.294.093.893.9

94.094.2

. 93.793.993.9

94.194.093.793.893.8

93.993.993.894.093.8


64 765.866.967.269.1

64.966.066.667.569.2

65.166.066.567.769.4

65.366.066.868.069.5

65.566.366.768.669.2

65.266.367.268.469.5

65.366.767.168.769.5

65.266.667.568.769.6

64.966.467.768.270.0

65.666.667.468.669.9

65 966.667.568.470.1

65.766.967.568.670.2


80.180.780 981.382.3

80.080.980.881.582.4

80.580.880.881.482.3

80.580.981.281.682.6

80.881.181.581.882.2

80.581.081.681.982.4

80.481.181.382.282.4

80.481.381.582.382.3

80.381.281.581.682.9

80.781.281.282.182.6

80.881.181.681.882.6

80.481.481.581.982.7


94.994 593.694.194.7

94.894.893.894.194.9

95.294.794.094.194.6

95.195.094.294.194.9

95.395.194.594.194.7

94.994.994.594.394.6

94.795.094.394.794.6

94.894.994.394.794.6

94.894.994.294.294.7

94.894.894.094.694.6

94.794.594.394.294.6

94.494.494.294.494.6


66.067 568.869.070.4

66.067.668.469.470.5

66.567.668.269.370.5

66.767 568.769.670.7

67.067.769.070.070.3

66.767.869.270.170.9

66.967.968.970.270.9

66.768.369.270.470.7

66.568.269.469.571.7

67.268.369.070.071.1

67.568.369.569.871.2

67.268.969.369.871.3


80 481.081 581.783.0

80 481.281 482.382.6

80.580.981 482.282.9

80.780.981.582.382.9

80.781.381 282.882.8

80.581.381.582.483.1

80.681.481.782.683.1

80.781.581.882.583.2

80.681.281.982.583.1

80.881.481.782.583.4

81.081.381.682.483.5

81.181.581.982.883.3


95.695.294.895.595.4

95.395.394.795.894.9

95.695.295.195.595.1

95.795.195.195.595.1

95.695.695.295.695.0

95.295.595.495.595.0

94.995.495.595.495.1

95.295.595.495.095.0

95.395.495.595.394.9

95.195.595.395.295.1

95.295.395.295.094.8

95.595.195.495.294.7


66.067.768.968 771.2

66.368.068.769.470.9

66.467.468.669.571.4

66.667.668.569.971.3

66.767.868.070.771.3

66.667.968.470.071.8

67.068.268.670.471.8

67.168.368.970.672.0

66.867.969.170.471.8

67.368.168.970.672.4

67.768.168.870.572.7

67.568.669.171.072.5

131




(Percent)

Year

1981198219831984 ..1985

1981 .19821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 .19841985

198119821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



75.775.275.575.977.1

91.391.190.890.791.0

75.875.475.275.777.5

91.190.990.790.891.3

75.975.775.576.277.6

91.491.190.990.991.3

76.075.675.776.477.6

76.276.375.776.677.1

75.876.076.276.777.0

75.676.576.376.976.9


91.590.991.290.991.2

91.791.591.291.090.8

91.591.391.391.490.9

91.591.291.591.190.8

75.475.876.876.877.2

74.976.176.776.577.3

45 to 54 years

91.591.291.891.590.9

91.191.691.691.191.1


61.360.461.262.064.0

61.661.160.861.764.5

61.561.461.262.464.7

61.661.461.362.864.9

61.762.261.263.264.3

61.261.762.163.063.9

60.862.862.163.664.0

60.561.562.863.264.3

59.961.762.962.964.5

75.576.176.576.677.1

91.391.691.391.091.0

75.876.176.076.977.3

91.791.590.691.691.0

60.861.762.763.264.1

61.161.862.363.364.5

75.775.876.276.977.6

91.291.290.991.591.0

61.261.462.463.365.0


32.331.831.631.030.4

45.043.843.242.541.1

32.531.631.531.030.4

45.143.643.142.341.1

32.631.931.330.730.7

45.143.942.941.741.4

32.632.031.330.830.5

32.632.131.230.830.4

32.432.131.430.730.4

32.332.031.430.730.2

Civilian labor force participation rate, men,

45.144.243.241.841.2

45.044.242.941.941.0

44.644.243.141.641.3

44.543.843.141.740.8

32.131.931.330.630.3

31.832.331.530.730.1

55 years and over

44.243.542.941.741.0

43.944.143.041.940.9

31.931.731.430.530.3

43.843.542.841.441.0

31.731.831.430.530.1

43.543.643.141.340.8

31.831.731.230.530.0

43.943.442.641.440.6

Civilian labor force participation rate, women, 55 years and over

22.522.522.722.222.1

22.722.322.622.322.1

23.022.622.422.222.3

22.922.722.222.422.1

23.022.922.222.422.2

22.922.822.422.322.0

22.823.022.322.222.0

22.722.922.322.122.1

22.523.122.722.121.7

22.622.622.522.021.9

22.622.722.322.121.8

22.422.622.522.121.8


55.354.754.854.254.1

71.470 069.569.068.1

55.454.354.754.454.0

71.669.669.568.867.9

55.654.954.254.054.4

71.670.168.968.168.0

55.455.254.354.454.2

55.655.054.254.454.3

55.155.254.554.454.3

55.155.254.454.354.2

Civilian labor force participation rate, mer

71.270.569.568.668.2

71.370.469.468.467.9

70.770.469.468.368.4

70.870.169.268.468.1

54.855.254.354.254.4

54.555.854.454.254.0

, 55 to 64 years

70.270.269.068.768.0

70.171 269.268.767.9

54.655.154.653.854.3

69.570 569.468.168.0

54.455.254.754.154.1

69.570.269.768.467.8

54.454.954.754 453.8

69.769 869.568.867.1


41.141.441.941.241.7

41.240.941.741.741.7

41.741.741.441.742.4

41.641.841.042.041.9

41.841.641.042.142.3

41.641.941.642.241.9

41.342.241.541.941.8

41.442.141.441.642.3

40.942.441.541.641.7

41.541.741.741.342.1

41.142.141.541.741.9

41.041.841 841.841.9

132




(Percent)

Year

19811982 ..198319841985

1981198219831984 ..1985

198119821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



12.211.911.811.510.8

12.311.911.811.410.8

12.411.911.811.111.1

12.612.011.811.110.9

12.412.311.611.110.7

12.412.311.610.910.8

12.312.011.811.010.7

12.211.811.711.010.7

12.012.012.111.210.6

12.111.611.711.110.7

12.011.711.710.910.6

12.111.811.510.810.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, men, 65 years and over

18.517.917.517.015.6

18.617.917.416.815.8

18.518.017.716.416.3

19.018.117.616.215.9

18.618.317.216.515.7

18.418.417.416.115.8

18.217.817.816.215.3

18.217.217.516.115.7

17.817.517.616.415.8

18.317.117.216.115.9

17.817.617.515.815.8

18.417.616.815.516.0

Civilian labor force participation rate, women, 65 years and over

7.87.77.87.77.4

8.07.77.97.67.4

8.27.77.87.57.4

8.17.77.77.67.4

8.18.27.87.47.2

8.28.07.67.37.4

8.18.07.67.47.4

8.08.07.87.57.2

7.98.18.37.57.0

7.87.87.97.67.1

8.07.77.87.67.1

7.87.77.87.57.1

Civilian labor force participation rate, white workers

64.364.064.164.364.9

78.177.476.777.077.0

64.464.264.064.565.0

78.377.676.977.077.1

64.464.263.964.565.1

78.377.476.777.077.1

64.564.364.064.665.0

78.377.576.877.077.1

64.764.664.064.965.0

64.264.464.564.964.8

64.264.464.464.864.9

Civilian labor force participation rate,

78.477.977.077.177.1

77.777.477.377.376.8

77.777.377.477.176.8

64.264.464.764.564.9

white men

77.777.477.476.976.8

63.864.564.664.665.1

77.577.677.377.176.9

64.264.464.564.765.2

77.677.677.277.077.1

64.264.564.664.665.2

77.677.577.377.176.9

64.064.464.664.865.1

77.577.277.277.276.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, white women

51.651.852.652.753.8

51.852.152.353.054.0

51.852.152.253.054.2

52.052.352.353.354.0

52.352.552.253.753.9

51.852.552.753.553.8

51.952.752.653.654.0

51.952.653.053.354.0

51.452.653.153.154.3

52.052.552.953.454.4

52.052.753.053.354.4

51.852.753.053.654.5

Civilian labor force participation rate, white workers, 16 to 19 years

59.857.857.056 857.9

60.357 956.557 458.6

59.857.256.657 658.6

60.158.256.057.557.8

59.659.055.757.658.1

57.556.257.857.955.3

58.156.557.157.557.5

59.057.558.555.956.4

58.557.357.357.557.3

58.557.856.757.158.0

58.657.756.956.757.4

57.357.057.457 657.1

Civilian labor force participation rate, white men, 16 to 19 years

63.761.259158.360.3

64.060.859 158.960.3

63.660.358.759.660.2

63.660.658.358.860.8

62.962.358.259.361.0

60.658.059.959.458.0

61.158.059.759.060.3

62.160.160.857.359.2

61.959.360.059.559.2

62.660.059.459.260.3

62.460.059.759.458.8

60.959.459.859.958.5

Civilian labor force participation rate, white women, 16 to 19 years

55.954.354.955.355.4

56.555.053.955.857.0

56.054.154.455.657.0

56.555.853.756.254.8

56.355.753.155.855.2

54.454.555.656.352.6

55.155.154.655.954.7

55.954.956.154.553.5

55.255.454.555.555.2

54.555.754.055.055.6

54.755.454.254.056.0

53.754.555.055.155.7

133




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Civilian labor force participation rate, white workers, 20 years and over

64.764.664.765.065.5

64.864.864.765.165.6

64.964.964.665.165.7

65.064.964.765.265.6

65.265.264.865.565.6

64.865.165.165.565.6

64.865.265.165.465.5

64.765.165.265.365.6

64.465.265.365.265.7

64.865.065.265.365.9

64.865.165.365.365.8

64.765.165.265.565.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, white men, 20 years and over

79.779.178.578 778.5

79.879.378.678.778.6

79.879.278.578.778.6

79.979.278.678.778.6

80.079.578.878.778.6

79.579.379.078.978.5

79.579.279.178.778.2

79.479.179.078.678.4

79.179.479.078.878.5

79.279.378.978.678.6

79.279.278.978.778.5

79.278.978.878.878.4

Civilian labor force participation rate, white women, 20 years and over

51 251.652.452.553.7

51.451.852.252.853.8

51.451.952.052.854.0

51.652.052.253.053.9

51.952.352.153.553.8

51.652.352.553.353.9

51.652.552.453.453.9

51.552.452.853.254.0

51.152.352.953.054.2

51.852.252.853.254.3

51.852.452.953.354.3

51.652.652.953.454.4

Civilian labor force participation rate, black workers

61.161.061.861.063.0

70.669 870.770.270.8

53 553.854.753 556.8

41 337.036 135.241.2

60.660.961.561.862.9

70.070 370.271.271.1

53 053.354.654.256.4

38.038.034 736.741.1

61.160.861.461.662.8

70.270 070.170.870.5

53 853.454.554.256.6

38.437.334 735.741.6

61.660.561.561.663.1

70.769.870.570.170.7

54.352.954.354.757.0

Civiliar

40.834.736 238.041.8

61.160.961.662.063.1

60.560.562.262.162.7

60.160.862.062.562.8

Civilian labor force participation rate,

71.170.170.671.071.0

69.369.371.770.670.4

69.169.771.671.070.9

Civilian labor force participation rate, I

53.053.554.354.856.7

53.453.454.555.256.5

52 853.754.255.556.3

60.361.061.762.862.4

black men

69.769.771.070.970.6

)lack women

52.854.054.256.255.7

60.661.261.762.362.7

69.970.270.670.671.0

53.154.054.655.556.1

i labor force participation rate, black workers, 16 to 19 years

38.536.635.935.842.1

36.733.340.439.639.8

35.435.436.639.342.1

35.137.537.639.339.3

35.537.536.339.940.2

61.261.360.862.762.8

70.070.369.671.070.9

54.153.953.856.056.3

38.037.235.240.442.2

61.261.461.062.962.9

69.870.970.270.770.4

54.253.853.556.756.9

37.537.436.139.740.7

61.061.661.162.863.2

70.170.870.071.070.8

53.654.253.956.357.0

36.937.136.239.641.5

Civilian labor force participation rate, black men, 16 to 19 years

47 340.139.838.044.5

43.241.838.339.943.2

40.741.038.740.643.8

45.839.238.541.8 '45.0

43.539.939.841.644.2

39.435.644.142.142.4

39.838.141.641.746.1

40.540.341.241.444.5

38.440.439.143.044.9

38.740.338.143.246.2

40.540.339.843.343.2

41 239.738 643.645.6

Civilian labor force participation rate, black women, 16 to 19 years

35.734.132.632.538.0

33.234.431.433.739.1

36.333.930.831.039.5

36.030.534.134.538.7

33.833.532.130.340.0

34.231.136.937.337.2

31.232.931.837.038.3

30.034.834.037.334.3

32.834.833.637.035.7

37.334.132.437.738.3

34.634.632.636.338.3

32 834.533 835 837.4




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

198119821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Civilian labor force participation rate, black workers, 20 years and over

64.064.365.364.365.8

63.964.065.265.065.7

64.464.165.064.965.5

64.664.064.964.665.7

64.364.265.065.465.7

64.064.365.164.965.5

63.664.365.365.465.3

63.964.264.965.765.2

64.264.465.165.065.5

64.564.564.265.565.3

64.564.764.265.865.7

64.465.064.365.765.8

Civilian labor force participation rate, black men, 20 years and over

74.374.475.474.874.4

74.374.775.075.774.9

74.974.574.875.074.2

74.674.575.374.174.2

75.574.775.275.174.6

74.174.475.874.674.2

73.874.676.075.174.2

74.474.275.475.074.2

74.874.775.274.474.6

75.074.974.274.874.3

74.375.474.674.474.1

74.675.574.574.774.2

Civilian labor force participation rate, black women, 20 years and over

55.956.457.556.058.9

55.755.757.556.658.3

56.155.957.456.958.6

56.755.856.857.059.0

55.656.057.057.758.6

56.056.356.657.258.7

55.656.356.957.758.3

55.756.456.758.358.1

55.856.357.157.658.3

56.356.456.358.158.3

56.856.256.059.059.0

56.356.756.358.659.2

Civilian labor force participation rate, Hispanic-origin workers

64.363.563.464.564.1

65.164.363.663.964.6

63.764.363.064.864.6

64.364.263.964.464.3

64.564.663.564.864.2

64.463.364.265.264.5

64.162.963.565.064.6

63.863.464.164.965.0

63.463.264.065.165.3

63.963.663.565.165.2

64.263.163.965.164.4

63.963.664.065.964.2

135



3. Employed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status

(In thousands)

Year

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 ...198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

101.587101,346100,833104,895108,012

58,86058,19757,33459.79361.163

February

101.823101,431100,773105,530108,290

58,87658,25057,27760,11761,207

March

102,207101,347100,854105,645108,652

59,10258,08357,36260,20561,381

April

102,689101,220101,205106,011108,574

59,38058,03157,53660,24961,373

May June July August September

rotal employed, including resident Armed Forces, total

102,675101,770101,313106,865108,644

101,927101,200102,258107,270108,303

102,341101,167102,889107,164108,575

102,353101,344103,317106,934108,936

101,725101,166103,692107,135109,251

Fotal employed, including resident Armed Forces, men

59,27358,29257,67060,55161,498

58,74557,69058,37360,93861,175

59,10757,64358,65660,74061,273

59,06557,70458,68560,76061,510

58,90657,56058,83260,93261,629

October

102,032100,887103,749107,362109,513

58,77357,46458,96561,00061,656

November

101,866100,792104,416107,670109,671

58,55757,37259,42361,16761,731

December

101,310100,720104,704107,946109,904

58,26157,31659,59961,23861,793

Total employed, including resident Armed Forces, women

42,72743,14943,49945,10246,849

42,94743,18143,49645,41347,083

43,10543,26443,49245,44047,271

43,30943,18943,66945,76247,201

43,40243,47843,64346,31447,146

43,18243,51043.88546,33247,128

43,23443,52444,23346,42447,302

43,28843,64044,63246,17447,426

42,81943,60644,86046,20347,622

43,25943,42344,78446,36247,857

43,30943,42044,99346,50347,939

43,04943,40445,10546,70848,111

Employed, all civilian workers

99,95599,69099,166

103.209106,315

100,19199,76799,109

103,846106,587

100.57199,67699.190

103,959106,951

101,05699,55299,534

104,318106,872

101,048100,10599,644

105,175106.939

100,29899,536

100,590105,580106,601

100,69399,493

101,225105,466106,871

100,68999,655

101,635105,222107,210

100,06499,496

101,997105,415107,519

100,37899,219

102,054105,657107,813

100,20799,132

102,731105,971107,969

99,64599,055

103,016106,248108,206

Employed men

57,35856,67755,80358,25159,614

57,37556,72355,74958,57759,653

57,59756,55155,83458,66359,828

57,87956,50256,00658,70159,820

57,77656,76556,14259,00659,942

57,24656,16456,84859,39359,623

57,59656,10657,13559,18959,719

57,53856,15357,14759,19759,936

57,38156,03457,28359,36160,049

57,25255,94057,42259,44360,105

57,03255,85657,88959,61560,179

56,73255,78758,06259,68860,244

Employed women

42,59743,01343,36344,95846,701

42,81643,04443,36045,26946,934

42,97443,12543,35645,29647,123

43,17743,05043,52845,61747,052

43,27243,34043,50246,16946,997

43,05243,37243,74246,18746,978

43,09743,38744,09046,27747,152

43,15143,50244,48846,02547,274

42,68343,46244,71446,05447,470

43,12643,27944,63246,21447,708

43,17543,27644,84246,35647,790

42,91343,26844,95446,56047,962

Employed both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7.5216.7576,3966,3906,491

3,9663,5643,2993,2453,383

7,4666,7306,3236,4546,600

3,9303,5363,2753,3343,379

7,4456,6956,2226,3856,613

3,9353,4933,1943,3443,417

7,5426,6476,2066,4486,557

3,9933,4303,1983,3163,430

7,4106,7636,1896,4706,512

7,0406,3796,3636,5876,184

Employed men

3,8973,5343,2153,3473,398

3,6703,2233,3323,3863,239

7,1966,3696,3346,5356,398

7,2486,5076,4536,3496,377

, 16 to 19 years

3,7823,2193,3203,2963,316

3,8203,3633,3233,2753,300

7,0976,4706,3866,4276,405

3,7563.2913,3313,3243,298

7,0536,4896,3106,4336,355

3,7703,3263,3013,3083,256

6,9646,4766,4436,4606,416

3,6973,3263,4133,3793,282

6,7886,3696,4836,4426,342

3,5833.2763,3773,3573,262

Employed women, 16 to 19 years

3,5553,1933,0973,1453,108

3,5363,1943,0483,1203,221

3,5103,2023,0283,0413,196

3,5493,2173,0083,1323,127

3,5133,2292,9743,1233,114

3,3703,1563,0313,2012,945

3,4143,1503,0143,2393,082

3,4283,1443,1303,0743,077

3.3413,1793,0553,1033,107

3,2833,1633,0093,1253,099

3,2673,1503,0303,0813,134

3,2053,0933,1063,0853,080

136



3. Employed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status—Continued

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Employed both sexes, 20 years and over

92,43492,93392,77096,81999,824

53,39253,11352,50455,00656,231

39,04239,82040,26641,81343,593

92,72593,03792,78697,39299,987

53,44553,18752,47455,24356,274

39,28039,85040,31242,14943,713

93,12692,98192,96897,574

100,338

53,66253,05852,64055,31956,411

39,46439,92340,32842,25543,927

93,51492,90593,32897,870

100,315

53,88653,07252,80855,38556,390

39,62839,83340,52042,48543,925

93,63893,34293,45598,705

100,427

93,25893,15794,22798,993

100,417

Employed men, <

53,87953,23152,92755,65956,544

53,57652,94153,51656,00756,384

Employed women

39,75940,11140,52843,04643,883

39,68240,21640,71142,98644,033

93,49793,12494,89198,931

100,473

93,44193,14895,18298.873

100,833

10 years and over

53,81452,88753,81555,89356,403

53,71852,79053,82455,92256,636

20 years and over

39,68340,23741,07643,03844,070

39,72340,35841,35842,95144,197

92.96793,02695,61198,988

101,114

53,62552,74353,95256,03756,751

39,34240,28341,65942.95144,363

93,32592,73095,74499,224

101,458

53,48252,61454,12156,13556,849

39,84340,11641,62343,08944,609

93.24392,65696,28899.511

101.553

53.33552,53054,47656,23656,897

39,90840,12641,81243,27544,656

92,85792,68696,53399,806

101,864

53,14952,51154,68556,33156,982

39,70840,17541,84843,47544,882


14,20813,86113,50314,02014,163

14,16813,82213,52514,13114,083

14,18113,83813,53314,17114,024

14,20313,76113,55414,13314,055

14,15713,78913,44014,30213,984

14,08613,75113,79714,46813,961

14,21513,67513,91914,29913,890

14,17113,63913,82214,02813,893

14,05613,57413,85714,15413,946

14,11813,51313,80314,21813,952

13,97813,50213,93214,31013,892

13,91013,55213,92114,23013,961

Employed men, 20 to 24 years

7,5377,3397,0857,4747,454

7,5277,3207,0757,5357,386

7,5587,2827,0797,5887,354

7,5477,2427,1007,5807,402

7,5137,2587,0417,6227,355

7,4947,1967,3567,7457,316

7,6087,2027,3507,5927,279

7,5357,1557,3127,4627.304

7,5207.0987,2967,5307,334

7,4317,1077,2787,5667,287

7,3747,0777,3867,6117,308

7,3797,0937,3797,5337,322


6,6716,5226,4186,5466,709

6,6416,5026,4506,5966,697

6,6236,5566,4546,5836,670

6,6566,5196,4546.5536,653

6,6446,5316,3996,6806,629

6,5926.5556,4416,7236,645

6,6076,4736,5696,7076,611

6,6366,4846,5106,5666.589

6,5366,4766,5616,6246,612

6,6876,4066,5256,6526,665

6,6046,4256,5466,6996,584

6,5316,4596,5426,6976,639


78,22779,06779,26882,79885,667

45,84345,76445,42147,53348,787

32,38433,30333,84735,26536,880

78,54479,20579,26883.27385,910

45,89645,85245,40447,71948.895

32,64833,35333,86435,55437,015

78,96779,16879,46883,45686,361

46,13045,79845,58847,77549,095

32,83733,37033,88035,68137,266

79,28479,12479,77083,75686,287

46,33045,83845,73947,85649,043

32,95433,28634,03135,90037,244

79,50279,56380,00784,38686,416

79,21979,44480,44584,50986,447

Employed men,

46,39045,99245,89148,03349,177

46,11445,76746,15248,22449,030

Employed women

33.11233,57134,11636,35337,239

33,10533.67734,29336,28537,417

79,29779.48681,00184,66486,650

79,25279,49481,32684,81686,919

25 years and over

46,20145,69846,47648,31249,163

46,17845,63146,49548,44549,323

25 years and over

33,09633,78834,52536,35237,487

33,07433,86334,83136,37137,596

78,91279,44381,74884,83287,157

46,10745,63746,64448,49749,398

32,80533,80635,10436,33537,759

79,20779,21281,92784,98587,477

46,03845,48446,81848,54349,532

33,16933,72835,10936,44237,945

79,22079,14382,35785,20587,665

45,94445,45247,09948,63349,596

33,27633,69135.25836,57238,069

78,92579,10582,56685,53787,877

45,74145,38647,26348.76349,636

33,18433,71935.30336,77438,241

137




(In thousands)

Year

1981 .1982198319841985

198119821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



63,82064,78965,06968,57071,450

64,00464,95665,02868,93371,611

64,34964,78365,24769,19571,850

64,68264,81365,69769,52271,994

64,78765,04765,81170,05772,082

64.63465,02766,29370,36472,175

64,77365,11366,76370,41672,425

64,79265,17867,11270,62972,623

64,65964,96067,41570,58772,945

64,84864.96867,59470,87973,164

64,91464,85967,98571,01473,384

64,66964.93268,27471,29973,668


37,08337,19336,99739,05940,366

37,07137,28836,96439,22840,451

37,29537,19637,14839,37640,518

37,47937,23537,33939,46140,571

37,53637,31037,46839,61140,739

37,40337,16037,73039,88340,593

37,45937,12137,96239,89640,758

37,48437,16638,04740,06440,844

37,50237,04038,18740,10140,971

37,40837,02038,34140,21141,081

37,37936,97238,55340,29041,144

37,15236.94738,81340.39641.244


26,73727,59628,07229,51131,084

26,93327,66828,06429,70531,160

27,05427.58728,09929,81931,332

27,20327,57828,35830,06131,423

27,25127,73728,34330,44631,343

27,23127,86728,56330,48131,582

27,31427,99228,80130,52031,667

27,30828,01229,06530,56531,779

27,15727,92029,22830.48631.974

27,44027,94829,25330,66832,083

27.53527,88729,43230,72432,240

27,51727,98529,46130,90332,424


27,70228,29428,10629.67530,825

27,84028,33928.09629,80830,886

28,09228,20228,06929,85530,972

28,22928,14528,43030,05031,004

28,23428,17528,59730,28731,028

28,28428,05828,70130,49831.167

28,35228,06328,87230,49931,280

28,33028,22928,96330,68431,248

28,29428,05229,08330,60731,491

28,34428,05729,15830,74831,473

28,30928,05629,43330,67931,475

28,12028,10429,52030,76531,633


16,09416,13915.85116,78517,395

16,14416,16815,84816,84317,438

16,27316,09815,84816,94617,465

16,33516,09716,00617,00317,481

16,35316,11516,10317,07517,539

16,32915,96516,19917,20217,523

16,37215.95316,28017,22717,587

16.35115,99316,30317,36817,578

16,34715,89416,36717,37817,621

16,27815,87316,45117,40917,683

16,21815,88116,59917,35517,694

16,07115,83916,70417,37917,753


11,60812,15512,25512,89013,430

19,77420,54621,29922,91324,240

11,69612,17112,24812,96513,448

11,81912,10412,22112,90913,507

11,89412,04812,42413,04713.523

11,88112,06012,49413,21213,489

11,95512,09312,50213,29613,644

11,98012,11012,59213,27213,693

11,97912,23612,66013,31613,670

11,94712,15812,71613,22913,870

12,06612,18412,70713,33913,790

12,09112,17512,83413,32413,781

12,04912,26512,81613,38613,880


19,82020,64721,34623,14524,239

19,88720,61521,51123,23324,381

19,99120,70421,61723,31024,485

20,13420,82921,58523,60224,542

20,07020,93521,80623,59824,586

20,19021,00621,99823,68124,715

20,31021,05522,19123,67024,864

20,29021,05422,31423,80124.941

20,36721,07322,44123,90525,161

20.43821,01022,60324,06125,283

20,46821.08022,79224,24425,333


11,48211,73012,04913,03213,609

11,43311,82112,08913,12513,597

11,49811,80912,21813,15713,638

11,56211,86312,25513,16713,694

11,63811,91812,29213,25613,759

11,59311,92612,40913,29513,687

11,60511,95512,50013,31813,792

11,69411,96612,55413,28513,881

11,71811,96712,60713,39413,938

11,70311,97112,69013,45813,988

11,70911,93612,80313,55414,002

11,72311,96212,92513,65614,001


8,2928,8169,2509,881

10,631

8,3878,8269,257

10,02010,642

8,3898,8069,293

10,07610,743

8,4298,8419,362

10,14310,791

8,4968,9119,293

10,34610,783

8,4779,0099,397

10,30310,899

8,5859,0519,498

10,36310,923

8,6169,0899,637

10,38510,983

8,5729,0879,707

10,40711,003

8,6649,1029,751

10,44711,173

8.7299,0749,800

10,50711,281

8,7459,1189,867

10,58811,332

138




(In thousands)

Year

1981198219831984 , ....1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 ...198319841985

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



16,34415,94915,66415,98216,385

9,5079,3249,0979,2429,362

16,34415,97015,58615,98016,486

9,4949,2999,0279,2609,416

16,37015,96615,66716,10716,497

9,5249,2899,0829,2739,415

16,46215,96415,65016,16216,505

9,5829,2759,0789,2919,396

16,41916,04315,62916,16816,512

16,28016,03415,78616,26816,422

Employed men

9,5459,2779,0739,2809,441

9,4819,2699,1229,3869,383

16,23116,04415,89316,23616,430

16,15215,89415,95816,27516,511

45 to 54 years

9,4829,2139,1829,3519,379

9,4399,2079,1909,4119,385

16,07515,85416,01816,17916,513

9,4379,1799,2139,3299,412

16,13715,83815,99516,22616,530

9,4279,1769,2009,3449,410

16,16715,79315,94916,27416,626

9,4529,1559,1519,3819,448

16,08115,74815,96216,29016,702

9,3589,1469,1849,3619,490


6,8376,6256,5676,7407,023

6,8506,6716,5596,7207,070

6,8466,6776,5856,8347,082

6,8806,6896,5726,8717,109

6,8746,7666,5566,8887,071

6,7996,7656,6646,8827,039

6,7496,8316,7116,8857,051

6,7136,6876,7686,8647,126

6,6386,6756,8056,8507,101

6,7106,6626,7956,8827,120

6,7156,6386,7986,8937,178

6,7236,6026,7786,9297,212


14,45014,31214,23114,25514,243

8,7828,5888,4328,4808,419

5,6685,7245,7995,7755,824

14,50814,20514,18914,29414,263

8,8118,5438,4168,4638,420

5,6975,6625,7735,8315,843

14,57414,32214,13714,17914,419

8,8298,5798,3948,3468,516

5,7455,7435,7435,8335,903

14,64014,35014,10714,26614,315

8,8588,6098,3998,3938,465

5,7825,7415,7085,8735,850

14,62714,43014,12014,26114,279

14,57114,42614,19214,19214,299

Employed men, {

8,8088,6388,3888,3988,427

8,7338,6408,4628,3778,458

Employed women

5,8195,7925,7325,8635,852

5,8385,7865,7305,8155,841

14,51614,37314,24414,23614,201

14,45714,32414,24314,20614,305

55 years and over

8,7238,5618,4968,3888,366

8,6828,4698,4618,3918,475

55 years and over

5,7935,8125,7485,8485,835

5,7755,8555,7825,8155,830

14,29914,52614,37214,27914,231

8,6338,6318,4948,4378,459

5,6665,8955,8785,8425,772

14,36514,25514,34714,12214,336

8,6238,4788,4998,3608,483

5,7425,7775,8485,7625,853

14,31714,29114,37014,19314,297

8,5798,4908,5528,3488,461

5,7385,8015,8185,8455,836

14,30414,21014,32314,26214,248

8,6018,4508,4688,3848,424

5,7035,7605,8555,8785,824


11,55111,40411,33511,34211,452

6,9746,8016,6796,7126,762

11,57011,29911,29011,41311,446

6,9936,7546,6766,7096,737

11,60811,40911,19411,34811,554

7,0086,7886,6056,6376,784

11,62811,43211,18711,44511,478

6,9826,8106,6216,7056,764

11,66411,42211,23611,44511,479

11,59811,39811,30211,40811,484

Employed men

6,9746,8126,6616,7006,735

6,9176,7776,6996,6826,775

11,56111,41911,32811,41611,438

11,50311,44611,30511,38511,512

55 to 64 years

6,9256,7796,6946,6856,743

6,8706,7546,6806,7066,774

11,39111,58911,36011,41211,425

6,8586,8836,7056,7106,745

11,44311,40511,38411,26911,522

6,8126,7716,7186,6606,769

11,40811,41311,41011,38311,491

6,8086,7426,7516,6856,755

11,37111,32611,44111,46611,404

6,7946,6946,7446,7416,689


4,5774,6034,6564,6304,690

4,5774,5454,6144,7044,709

4,6004,6214,5894,7114,770

4,6464,6224,5664,7404,714

4,6904,6104,5754,7454,744

4,6814,6214,6034,7264,709

4,6364,6404,6344,7314,695

4,6334,6924,6254,6794,738

4,5334,7064,6554,7024,680

4,6314,6344,6664,6094,753

4,6004,6714,6594,6984,736

4,5774,6324,6974,7254,715

139




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



2,8992,9082,8962,9132,791

2,9382,9062,8992,8812,817

2,9662,9132,9432,8312,865

3,0122,9182,9202,8212,837

2,9633,0082,8842,8162,800

2,9733,0282,8902,7842,815

2,9552,9542,9162,8202,763

2,9542,8782,9382,8212,793

2,9082,9373,0122,8672,806

2,9222,8502,9632,8532,814

2,9092,8782,9602,8102,806

2,9332,8842,8822,7962,844

Employed men, 65 years and over

1,8081,7871,7531,7681,657

1,8181,7891,7401,7541,683

1,8211,7911,7891,7091,732

1,8761,7991,7781,6881,701

1,8341,8261,7271,6981,692

1,8161,8631,7631,6951,683

1,7981,7821,8021,7031,623

1,8121,7151,7811,6851,701

1,7751,7481,7891,7271,714

1,8111,7071,7811,7001,714

1,7711,7481,8011,6631,706

1,8071,7561,7241,6431,735

Employed women, 65 years and over

1,0911,1211,1431,1451,134

1,1201 1171,1591,1271,134

1,1451,1221,1541 1221,133

1,1361,1191,1421,1331,136

1,1291,1821,1571,1181,108

1,1571,1651,1271,0891,132

1,1571,1721,1141,1171,140

1,1421,1631,1571,1361,092

1,1331,1891,2231,1401,092

1,1111 1431,1821 1531,100

1,1381 1301,1591 1471,100

1,1261 1281,1581 1531,109

Employed white workers

88,15088,04087,44491,00693,040

88,53888,14187,25691,39693,414

88,75388,09087,38391,62393,617

89,16188,04787,74491,76893,470

89,27288,46487,90392,36093,574

88,66787,99888.77892,64093,132

89,00387,90689,27692,49093,378

89,06787,95289,66592,07193,684

88,46287,83789,80892,22394,055

88,83387,62890,02592,42594,369

Employed white men

51,18050,68549,76851,90652,827

51,29750,72049,70652,12652,899

51,38450,57249,77852,26553,016

51,67050,51249,96252,26253,015

51.59550,74750,16552,43153,153

51,24950,24250,74452,77752,739

51,53950,11950,94652,53752,797

51,48050,17050,98252,44052,977

51,33150,09850,99352,60753,174

51,25750,02151,16752,63653,277

88,50687,40890,53592,57194,507

88,08587,36290,85292,87194,585

51,02749,81651,50952,71453,338

50,76849,78151,69552,82853,338

Employed white women

36,97037,35537,67639,10040,213

37,24137,42137,55039,27040,515

37,36937,51837,60539,35840,601

37,49137,53537,78239,50640,455

37,67737,71737,73839,92940,421

37,41837,75638,03439,86340,393

37,46437,78738,33039,95340,581

37,58737,78238,68339,63140,707

37,13137,73938,81539,61640,881

37,57637,60738,85839,78941,092

37,47937,59239,02639,85741,169

37,31737,58139,15740,04341,247

Employed white workers, 16 to 19 years

6,8136,1535,8415,8775,849

6,8116,1205,7835,8895,935

6,7816,1255,7035,8775,941

6,8146,0985,6825,8695,846

6,7096,2075,6665,8795,812

6,4225,8865,8045,8995,524

6,5535,8535,8065,9085,723

6,6645,9435,9015,6755,670

6,5035,9055,8635,7875,752

6,4785,9105,7855,8025,713

6,3365,8655,8525,7825,761

6,1955,7745,9325,8145,702

Employed white men, 16 to 19 years

3,5893,2252,9972,9653,049

3,5733,2022,9883,0433,018

3,5583,1882,9123,0463,055

3,5933,1292,9283,0043,068

3,5153,2412,9573,0283,039

3,3472,9713,0203,0182,891

3,4452,9513,0162,9762,982

3,4973,0533,0412,9162,927

3,4363,0033,0622,9842,967

3,4753,0263,0023,0002,938

3,3582,9953,0543,0072,958

3,2532,9753,0713,0332,930

Employed white women, 16 to 19 years

3,2242,9282,8442,9122,800

3,2382,9182,7952,8462,917

3,2232,9372,7912,8312,886

3,2212,9692,7542,8652,778

3,1942,9662,7092,8512,773

3,0752,9152,7842,8812,633

3,1082,9022,7902,9322,741

3,1672,8902,8602,7592,743

3,0672,9022,8012,8032,785

3,0032,8842,7832,8022,775

2,9782,8702,7982,7752,803

2,9422,7992,8612,7812,772

140




(In thousands)

Year

1981198219831984 ..1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 .. .1985

19811982 x

198319841985 . ..


Employed white workers, 20 years and over

81,33781,88781,60385,12987,191

81,72782,02181,47385,50787,479

81,97281,96581,68085,74687,676

82,34781,94982,06285,89987,624

82,56382,25782,23786,48187,762

82,24582,11282,97486,74187,608

82,4501 82,053

83,47086,58287,655

82,40382,00983,76486,39688,014

81,95981,93283,94586,43688,303

82,35581,71884,24086,62388,656

82,17081,54384,68386,78988,746

81,89081,58884,92087,05788,883

Employed white men, 20 years and over

47,59147,46046,77148,94149,778

47,72447,51846,71849,08349,881

47,82647,38446,86649,21949,961

48,07747,38347,03449,25849,947

48,08047,50647,20849,40350,114

47,90247,27147,72449,75949,848

48,09447,16847,93049,56149,815

47,98347,11747,94149,52450,050

47,89547,09547,93149,62350,207

47,78246,99548,16549,63650,339

47,66946,82148,45549,70750,380

47,51546,80648,62449,79550,408

Employed white women, 20 years and over

33,74634,42734,83236,18837,413

9,4209,3049,1549,702

10,451

34,00334,50334,75536,42437,598

9,3399,2519,2669,953

10,333

34,14634,58134,81436,52737,715

9,3959,2059,2439,885

10,422

34,27034,56635,02836,64137,677

9,5309,1549,2279,897

10,489

34,48334,75135,02937,07837,648

9,4519,2019,258

10,08410,466

34,34334,84135,25036,98237,760

Employed b

9,2899,1429,309

10,12810,538

34,35634,88535,54037,02137,840

lack workers

9,3179,1929,463

10,08210,499

34,42034,89235,82336,87237,964

9,2249,2189,406

10,23210,560

34,06434,83736,01436,81338,096

9,3229,1649,518

10,27310,500

34,57334,72336,07536,98738,317

9,3479,1469,478

10,33610,566

34,50134,72236,22837,08238,366

9,3469,1679,586

10,43210,518

34,37534,78236,29637,26238,475

9,2919,1389,587

10,41010,657

Employed black men

4,8464,6884,6024,9905,230

4,8134,7024,6375,1045,204

4,8544,6734,6545,0385,217

4,8754,6704,6504,9865,241

4,9014,6744,6465,1385,269

4,7374,5994,7455,0925,282

4,7684,6544,8075,0715,289

4,7394,6444,7585,1575,368

4,8014,5794,8115,1815,299

4,7704,5804,8435,2225,275

4,7084,6224,9235,2585,233

4,7154,5634,9395,2325,319

Employed black women

4,5744,6164,5524,7125,221

4,5264,5494,6294,8495,129

4,5414,5324,5894,8475,205

4,6554,4844,5774,9115,248

4,5504,5274,6124,9465,197

4,5524,5434,5645,0365,256

4,5494,5384,6565,0115,210

4,4854,5744,6485,0755,192

4,5214,5854,7075,0925,201

4,5774,5664,6355,1145,291

4,6384,5454,6635,1745,285

4,5764,5754,6485,1785,338

Employed black workers, 16 to 19 years

562479436409524

528481421459518

525447431418528

555407413457549

559415411433542

497354428528520

494402420489534

423424403491547

490439391495530

469438400514547

481421424500518

488436418496520

Employed black men, 16 to 19 years

294266232222266

288261224230272

292232229240274

293218213249289

306222204256284

263166227273265

259212234253277

233230204256306

272222196267280

250226230253288

264208240266250

276216229257284

Employed black women, 16 to 19 years

268213204187258

240220197229246

233215202178254

262189200208260

253193207177258

234188201255255

235190186236257

190194199235241

218217195228250

219212170261259

217213184234268

212220189239236

141




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

198119821983 ..19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Employed black workers, 20 years and over

8,8588,8258,7189,2939,927

8,8118,7708,8459,4949,815

8,8708,7588,8129,4679,894

8,9758,7478,8149,4409,940

8,8928,7868,8479,6519,924

8,7928,7888,8819,600

10,018

8,8238,7909,0439,5939,965

8,8018,7949,0039,741

10,013

8,8328,7259,1279,7789,970

8,8788,7089,0789,822

10,019

8,8658,7469,1629,932

10,000

8,8038,7029,1699,914

10,137

Employed black men, 20 years and over

4,5524,4224,3704,7684,964

4,5254,4414,4134,8744,932

4,5624,4414,4254,7984,943

4,5824,4524,4374,7374,952

4,5954,4524,4424,8824,985

4,4744,4334,5184,8195,017

4,5094,4424,5734,8185,012

4,5064,4144,5544,9015,062

4,5294,3574,6154,9145,019

4,5204,3544,6134,9694,987

4,4444,4144,6834,9924,983

4,4394,3474,7104,9755,035

Employed black women, 20 years and over

4,3064,4034,3484,5254,963

4,2864,3294,4324,6204,883

4,3084,3174,3874,6694,951

4,3934,2954,3774,7034,988

4,2974,3344,4054,7694,939

4,3184,3554,3634,7815,001

4,3144,3484,4704,7754,953

4,2954,3804,4494,8404,951

4,3034,3684,5124,8644,951

4,3584,3544,4654,8535,032

4,4214,3324,4794,9405,017

4,3644,3554,4594,9395,102

Employed Hispanic-origin workers

5,6845,8105,8086,4506,713

5,7355,8805,8246,4586,832

5,7115,8965,7966,5096,838

5,8365,8655,9536,4796,814

5,8485,8605,9926,6136,806

5,8385,7756,0696,7096,856

5,8515,7336,1496,7026,870

5,8465,7426,1886,6846,973

5,8545,7706,2006,7377,026

5,8555,7966,2226,7416,982

5,8685,7516,2746,8116,953

5,8265,7806,3526,8936,962

Employed married men, spouse present

39,02238,32037,48738,64939,402

39,01138,34937,44538,85039,324

39,08638,24037,48038,83439,467

39,29038,23637,52538,96939,362

39,07138,26537,53739,05539,260

38,84638,24237,91339,09638,966

38,88538,14838,29139,19439,096

38,87338,09938,36739,12839,142

38,78137,99238,33539,13839,103

38,71537,85938,29439,05139,272

38,58837,63938,41039,31239,314

38,41337,51038,49839,39939,278

Employed married women, spouse present

23,84123,81724,23925,03425,970

23,90623,85424,13525,22726,079

23,95923,96524,22425,25126,163

24,03523,89724,39425,48226,087

24,14524,16524,29725,73826,036

24,10224,38724,40525,77926,174

24,09024,14224,61625,73326,316

23,95724,20124,91425,79726,392

23,57524,12024,95825,70426,531

23,88824,05224,91925,84526,702

23,81223,93125,00525,94426,721

23,67624,07925,06426,04726,804

Employed women who maintain families

4,8835,1055,0525,3165,567

4,9135,1455,0415,3775,533

4,9655,0965,0895,4305,600

5,0755,1114,9585,4695,603

5,0094,9814,9175,5645,626

4,9955,0834,9595,5815,643

4,9005,1505,0085,6095,607

4,9665,1825,0815,4995,627

5,0295,1385,1645,4725,556

5,0595,1335,2325,4265,514

5,0855,0605,3075,4485,605

5,1115,0285,3125,4095,693

142



4. Employed civilians in agricultural and nonagricultural industries by selected characteristics

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Employed in agricultural industries

3,4293,3943,4393,2913,319

3,3453,3693,3813,3553,325

3,3653,3763,3793,2703,314

3,5293,3523,3473,3263,353

3,3693,4363,3413,3493,284

3,3343,3303,4623,3743,140

3,2963,4013,4793,3323,120

3,3793,4063,4903,2703,095

3,3613,3783,3313,3563,017

3,4123,4873,2993,1933,058

3,4153,5213,2903,3953,070

3,2273,4173,3353,3873,151

Employed in agricultural industries, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

413382384309317

336311311253269

7771735648

380357355328351

303307277268297

7750786054

402359313322355

329311259258298

7348546457

461338339304362

403379316313332

385353346305308

352367356308294

Employed in agricultural industries, men,

385288275250292

329318261254284

324299288240260

299308289247249

Employed in agricultural industries, womer

7650645470

7461555948

6154586548

5359676145

363399362'283283

371346295319289

16 to 19 years

307332300226244

309277245259242

l, 16 to 19 years

5667625739

6269506047

382422295281261

314344244232214

6878514947

357463289359269

293374246304225

6489435544

327400328311276

281318269266228

4682594548

Employed in agricultural industries, both sexes, 20 years and over

3,0163,0123,0552,9823,002

2,9653,0123,0263,0272,974

2,9633,0173,0662,9482,959

3,0683,0143,0083,0222,991

2,9663,0573,0253,0362,952

2,9492,9773,1163,0692,832

2,9443,0343,1233,0242,826

3,0163,0073,1282,9872,812

2,9903,0323,0363,0372,728

3,0303,0653,0042,9122,797

3,0583,0583,0013,0362,801

2,9003,0173,0073,0762,875

Employed in agricultural industries, men, 20 years and over

2,4142,3952,4402,3602,409

2,3642,4112,3992,4072,368

2,3682,4062,4412,3842,329

2,4612,4202,3982,4212,358

2,3722,4362,4242,4302,352

2,3612,3922,4812,4442,260

2,3472,4252,5022,4412,230

2,3992,4102,4862,4062,231

2,3702,4342,4482,4302,171

2,4122,4672,4022,3532,188

2,3922,4622,3562,4532,210

2,3502,4142,3642,4862,278

Employed in agricultural industries, women, 20 years and over

602617615622593

601601627620606

595611625564630

607594610601633

594621601606600

588585635625572

597609621583596

617597642581561

620598588607557

618598602559609

666596645583591

550603643590597

Employed in nonagricultural industries

96,52696,29695,72799,918

102,996

96,84696,39895,728

100,491103,262

97,20696,30095,811

100,689103,637

97,52796,20096,187

100,992103,519

97,67996,66996,303

101,826103,655

96,96496,20697,128

102,206103,461

97,39796,09297,746

102,134103,751

97,31096,24998,145

101,952104,115

96,70396,11898,666

102,059104,502

96,96695,73298,755

102,464104,755

96,79295,61199,441

102,576104,899

96,41895,63899,681

102,861105,055

Employed in nonagricultural industries, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7,1086,3756,0126,0816,174

7,0866,3735,9686,1266,249

7,0436,3365,9096,0636,258

7,0816,3095,8676,1446,195

7,0076,3845,8736,1576,180

6,6556,0266,0176,2825,876

6,8446,0025,9786,2276,104

6,8856,1086,0916,0666,094

6,7266,1246,0916,1086,116

6,6716,0676,0156,1526,094

6,6076,0136,1546,1016,147

6,4615,9696,1556,1316,066

143



4. Employed civilians in agricultural and nonagricultural industries by selected characteristics—Continued

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 ... .1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

3,6303,2532,9882,9923,114

February

3,6273,2292,9983,0663.082

March

3,6063,1822,9353,0863,119

April May June July

Employed in nonagricultural industries, mer

3,6083,1422,9233,0663,138

3,5683,2162,9543,0933,114

3.3462.9243,0443,1462,979

3,4832,9113,0313,0493,067

August September

i, 16 to 19 years

3,5133,0313,0233.0493,056

3,4473.0143,0863,0653,056

October

3,4562,9823,0573,0763,042

November

3.4042.9523,1673,0753.057

December

3,3022,9583,1083,0913.034

Employed in nonagricultural industries, women, 16 to 19 years

3,4783,1223,0243,0893,060

3.4593,1442,9703,0603,167

3,4373,1542,9742,9773.139

3,4733,1672,9443,0783,057

3,4393,1682,9193,0643,066

3,3093,1022,9733,1362,897

3,3613,0912,9473,1783,037

3.3723,0773,0683.0173,038

3,2793,1103,0053,0433,060

3.2153.0852,9583,0763,052

3.2033.0612,9873,0263,090

3,1593,0113,0473,0403,032

Employed in nonagricultural industries, both sexes, 20 years and over

89,41889,92189,71593,83796,822

50,97850,71850,06452,64653,822

89.76090,02589,76094,36597,013

51,08150.77650,07552,83653,906

90,16389,96489,90294,62697,379

51.29450,65250,19952,93554,082

90,44689,89190,32094,84897,324

90,67290,28590,43095.66997,475

90,30990,18091,11195,92497,585

90,55390.09091,76895,90797,647

Employed in nonagricultural industries, men,

51,42550,65250,41052,96454,032

51,50750,79550,50353,22954,192

51,21550,54951,03553,56354,124

51,46750,46251,31353,45254,173

90,42590,14192,05495,88698,021

89,97789.99492,57595,95198,386

20 years and over

51,31950,38051,33853,51654,405

51,25550,30951,50453,60754,580

90,29589,66592,74096,31298,661

51.07050.14751,71953.78254,661

90,18589,59893,28796,47598,752

50,94350,06852,12053,78354,687

89,95789,66993,52696,73098,989

50,79950,09752,32153,84554,704

Employed in nonagricultural industries, women, 20 years and over

38,44039,20339,65141,19143,000

38,67939,24939,68541,52943,107

38,86939,31239,70341,69143,297

39.02139,23939,91041,88443,292

39,16539,49039,92742,44043,283

39,09439,63140,07642,36143,461

39,08639,62840,45542,45543,474

39,10639,76140,71642,37043,616

38,72239,68541,07142,34443,806

39,22539,51841,02142,53044,000

39.24239,53041,16742,69244,065

39,15839,57241,20542,88544,285

Employed total wage and salary workers

90,62890,35089,64993,28796,684

90,63090,18489,46093,83796,832

91.16990,15389,54194,16597,202

91,68789,99189,84194,40897,146

91,68890,33689,91795,25297,242

90,95989,99690,91195,56196,921

91,32189,83591,31295,36797,002

91,33990,10691,79095,21797,247

90,67990,00492,35095,73697,984

90,91189,65892,22995.95097,995

90,67389,51192,67596,12698,213

90,36989,49793,03196,43998,493

Employed wage and salary workers in agricultural industries

1,5161,3951,6391,4681,598

1.3811.4121,5981,5371,597

1,4221.4601.5551,5121,596

1,5781,4311,5301,5901,653

1,4741,5001,5471,5591,582

1,4471,4391,6041.5731,530

1,4741,5091,6481,5381,479

1.4701,5401,6631,4721,456

1,4501,5391,5911,5951,438

1,5151,6371,5571,5471,465

1,4401,6101,4851,5851,537

1,3861,5581,4901,6991,572

Employed nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

73,11173,35272,52876,20179,266

73,38673,28572,41876,56779,278

73,81473,21172,55376,90879,637

74,21773,11272,80977.05979.538

74,41873,37872,83377,92379,724

73,78972,89773,76278.26379,391

74,19472,83773,99978,12879,574

74,37973,04274,47577,99379,716

73,81272,84675,28878,29880,401

73,92072,62475,14678,46280,317

73,82472,37875,53278.74780,519

73,35472,40375,99678,88280,727

Employed government workers in nonagricultural industries

16,00115,60315,48215,61815,820

15,86315,48715,44415,73315,957

15,93315,48215,43315,74515,969

15,89215,44815.50215,75915,955

15,79615,45815,53715,77015,936

15,72315,66015,54515,72516,000

15,65315,48915,66515,70115,949

15,49015,52415,65215,75216,075

15,41715,61915,47115,84316,145

15,47615,39715,52615,94116,213

15,40915,52315,65815,79416,157

15,62915,53615,54515,85816,194

144



4. Employed civilians in agricultural and nonagricultural industries by selected characteristics—Continued

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . ...19841985 . .. .


Employed self-employed workers in agricultural industries

1.6431.6591.5791.6011.523

1,6591,6271,5581,6041.508

1.6401.6451.5831.5791.502

1,6541,6531,6061,5461,493

1,6391,6821.5601.5401.498

1,6471,6481,5911,5701,451

1,5721.6431.5671,5481,474

1,6421,6151,5621,5611.444

1,6711,5981,5131.5791.414

1.6431.6291.5291.4801,436

1,6451.6231.5601,5651,361

1,6041.6161,5791.4741.409

Employed self-employed workers in nonagricultural industries

7.0096,9387,3707,8417,753

7,1077,1017,3977,8437,694

7,0797,1437,4417,7327,764

7,1247,2247,5007,8317.717

6,9947,3267,4987,7807,711

7,1237,3177,5187,8487,728

7,0947,3117,6397,7747,724

7,0847,3237,6237,7907,874

7,1777,4367,6877,7607,846

7.1467,3257.6817.7507,991

7.1307.3277,7967,6888,013

7,0817,3557,7347,7897.903

Employed unpaid-family workers in agricultural industries

270353231231222

290335221220229

289262249182223

289275218206219

249254230240196

261247255215159

242247250228170

257254244213176

259259246198179

276238237185172

320252235218158

222214250223164

Employed unpaid-family workers in nonagricultural industries

419404367354336

385409352327336

375439349332321

322414357342305

373411359329290

384405351347292

403412341329277

386409376323303

404382382319266

424388399317248

408362452356249

391356419340250

145



5. Persons at work on part-time schedules by reason

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 . .1985

19811982 . . ..198319841985


Total at work on part-time schedules for economic reasons

4,6265,0566,7535,9495,638

4,4935,7336,5585,9565,356

4,4745,9266,4215.6325,682

4,4246,0526,3125,7885.690

4,5326,1466,2575.6015,876

4.4346,0076,2245,8475,544

4,7256,0806,1825,7395,596

4,7136,2186,2355,5465,680

4,8096,7066,1925,6885,554

5,3326.8556,0165,7425.475

5,2046.7026,1415.6205.498

5.5366,6475.8925.7905,494

Total at work on part-time schedules for economic reasons-slack work

2,3472,5393,3202,5412,473

2,3253,0443,1242,5302,244

2,3113,1413,0322.3342,585

2.2403.3172,9022,3812,567

2,3643,3152,8392,2512,607

2,3023,3552,7862,3142,524

2,3213,1192,8012,3822,414

2,4093,3472,7642,3482.480

2,3263.6812,6632,4282,433

2,7133,6672,5612.5492,251

2,7773,4422,6202,4502,306

2,8873.3182,4622,5992,303

Total at work on part-time schedules for economic reasons-could only find part-time work

1.8972.2593.0983,0942,830

1.7912.3073,0923,0982,817

1,8542,4853,1333,0562,763

1,8662,4003,1303,0982,767

1,8072,4933,1053,0322,871

1,8662.4603.1213,0312,751

1,9842,6202,9072,8462,766

1,9872,6753,0572,7192,835

2,0342,7503,2232,9922,815

2,2052,8023,1462,8422,897

2,1092,9533,1602,8272,883

2,2382,9823.1352.8512,864

Total at work on part-time schedules for noneconomic reasons-usually work part time

13,04212.85112,77613.02913.343

13,09812,87212,70612,99813,524

13,24812,79312,73013,02013,517

13,21612,87312,97313,40113,356

13,14513,10912,62813,39513,078

13,32913,51012,59513,12813,439

12.92212.95213,05913,13513,634

13,04412,97513,02513,16413.622

12,75613,09813.12613.19013,496

12,94912,91613,02213,09513,713

12,86412,86313,09513,15513,645

12,72812,72613,20613,29313.556

Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons

4.3124,8286,4515,7145,392

2,1122,3873,1532,3942,320

4,1695,4336,3145,7135,098

2.0902,8313,0002,3852,073

4,2215,6206,1905,4795,421

2,1242,8982.8982,2322,397

4,1485,7586,0415,5495,402

4,2865,7985,9505,3285,550

4,1705.7185,9605,5715,278

4,4925,7175.8625,4815,328

4,4765,9075,9375,3515,413

4,5586,3785,9655,4435,299

Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons-slack work

2,0413,1002,7352,2502.380

2,1683,0972,6642,1272,418

2,1093.1592,6492,1572,334

2,1762,8982,6332,2242,251

2,2503,1502,5822,2292.319

2,1173,4122,5062,2662,292

4.9836,4495,7315,4985.241

2.4943.4242,4562,3872,115

4,9796,3535,8635,3905,295

2,6323,2162,4542,3002,196

5.2986,3695,6985,6115,294

2,7103.1562,3422,4962,195

Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons-could only find part-time work

1.8052,1752,9722,9962,735

1.7222,2372,9772.9972.732

1,7902,3973,0062,9752,670

1,7972,3233,0292,9932,679

1,7702,3803,0212,9362,785

1,8082,3823,0112,9412,675

1,9282,5132,7992,7752,686

1.9212,5792,9502,6522,740

1,9822,6923,1562,9302,730

2,1352,6893,0062,7792,801

2.0432,8253,0652,7482.784

2,1802,8573,0362,7672,760

Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for noneconomic reasons-usually work part time

12,53512,33512,31412,55912,859

12,63412,38312,19912,52213,057

12,75612,29612,23312,49213,016

12,67712,44912,57713,01912,926

12,67412,56312,15012,91012,612

12,80212,98112,04312,63512,995

12,44412.45312,44212,70213,235

12,57812,48212,51112,70613,179

12,28612,58412,65512,71813,053

12,46112,42412.51212,64713,277

12.36112.36812,63712,68813,194

12,28112.24312,69012,83113,122

146



6. Employment-population ratios by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Total employment-population ratio, including resident Armed Forces

59.558.657.659.260.3

59.658.657.559.560.4

59.758.557.559.560.6

60.058.357.759.760.5

59.958.657.760.160.5

59.458.258.260.360.2

59.558.158.560.260.3

59.558.258.760.060.5

59.158.058.860.060.6

59.257.858.860.160.7

59.057.759.160.260.7

58.657.659.260.360.8

Total employment-population ratio, including resident Armed Forces, men

72.270.568.570.671.4

72.170.568.470.971.4

72.370.268.570.971.6

72.670.068.670.971.5

72.470.368.771.271.6

71.769.569.571.671.2

72.069.469.771.371.2

71.969.469.771.371.4

71.669.269.871.471.5

71.469.069.971.471.4

71.068.870.471.571.5

70.668.670.571.571.5

Total employment-population ratio, including resident Armed Forces, women

47.947.747.648.850.1

48.147.747.649.150.3

48.247.847.549.150.5

48.447.647.749.450.4

48.447.947.649.950.3

48.147.947.849.950.2

48.147.948.149.950.4

48.147.948.549.650.5

47.647.948.749.650.6

48.047.648.649.750.8

48.047.548.849.850.9

47.747.548.950.051.0

Civilian employment-population ratio, all civilian workers

59.158.257.258.859.9

59.258.257.159.160.0

59.458.157.159.160.2

59.657.957.359.360.1

59.558.257.359.760.1

59.057.857.859.959.9

59.157.758.159.860.0

59.157.858.359.660.1

58.757.658.459.660.2

58.857.458.459.760.3

58.657.358.759.860.3

58.257.258.859.960.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, men

71.769.968.070.070.9

47.847.747.548.750.1

71.669.967.870.370.9

48.047 647.549 050.3

71.869.667.970.471.0

48.1AllA1A49.050.4

72.169.568.070.471.0

71.969.768.170.771.1

71.168.968.971.170.6

71.568.869.270.870.7

71.468.869.270.770.9

71.168.669.370.970.9

70.868.469.370.970.9

70.568.269.871.070.9

70.068.070.071.071.0

Civilian employment-population ratio, women

48.347.647.649 350.3

48.447.847.549.850.2

48.147.847.749 850.1

48.147.848.149.950.3

48.147.948.549.550.4

47.547.848.749.550.5

47.947.548.549.750.7

47.947.548.749.850.8

47.647.548.849.950.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

45.942.441.242.744.4

45.642.340.943.245.2

45.642.140.342.945.4

46.341.940.343.545.1

45.542.740.343.844.9

43.340.441.644.742.7

44.440.441.544.544.3

44.841.442.443.344.1

44.041.342.143.944.3

43.841.541.744.143.9

43.441.642.744.344.3

42.440.943.244.343.8

Civilian employment-population ratio, men, 16 to 19 years

48.544.842.443 246.2

48.144.642.244 546.2

48.244.041.344 846.8

49.143.341.544.647.1

48.044.741.845.246.7

45.240.843.445.944.5

46.740.943.444.845.7

47.342.943.644.645.5

46.642.043.845.345.5

46.942.643.545.244.9

46.242.745.146.245.2

44.941.944.846.044.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, women, 16 to 19 years

43 339.940 042.142.6

43 140.039 541.944.2

42.940.239.341.043.9

43.540.539.242.343.1

43.140.838.942.443.1

41.440.039.743.640.9

42.140.039.644.242.9

42.340.041.342.142.8

41.440.640.442.543.1

40.740.539.942.942.9

40.640.540.342.443.4

40.039.841.542.542.7

147



6. Employment-population ratios by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 .19821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Civilian employment-population ratio, both sexes, 20 years and over

60.559.858.860.361.3

60.659.858.760.661.4

60.859.758.860.661.5

61.059.658.960.761.4

61.059.858.961.261.4

60.659.659.361.361.4

60.759.559.761.261.3

60.659.459.861.161.5

60.259.260.061.161.6

60.359.060.061.161.7

60.258.860.261.261.7

59.858.860.361.361.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, men, 20 years and over

74.372.670.672.773.3

48.348.448.249.350.7

74.372.770.572.973.2

48.548.448.249.650.8

74.572.470.672.973.4

74.772.370.872.973.2

74.672.470.873.273.4

74.071.971.573.573.1

74.371.871.873.373.0

74.071.671.873.273.3

73.871.471.873.373.3

73.571.172.073.373.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, women, 20 years and over

48.748.448.249.751.0

48.848.248.449.950.9

48.948.548.350.550.8

48.748.648.550.350.9

48.748.548.850.350.9

48.648.649.150.251.0

48.148.449.450.151.2

48.648.249.350:251.4

73.170.972.373.473.4

48.648.149.550.451.4

72.870.772.573.473.4

48.348.249.450.651.6


68.566.464.867.469.7

68.266.264.968.069.4

68.366.465.068.369.3

68.366.065.168.169.5

68.066.164.669.069.3

67.666.066.369.869.3

68.265.666.969.169.0

68.065.566.567.969.3

67.465.266.768.669.8

67.764.966.569.070.1

67.064.967.169.670.0

66.765.067.169.270.4


74 872.369 873.675.6

74.672.169.774.374.9

74.971.869.774.874.9

74.771.470.074.875.4

74.371.669.475.275.1

74.171.072.576.574.8

75.171.072.475.074.5

74.470.672.173.975.1

74.370.172.074.775.8

73.470.271.975.175.5

72.769.972.975.776.0

72.769.972.974.976.3


62.560.860.061.564.1

62.260.760.462.164.1

62.061.260.462.064.0

62.260.860.561.863.9

62.161.060.063.063.8

61.561.260.463.564.1

61.660.461.663.463.8

61.960.661.162.163.8

61.060.561.662.864.2

62.459.961.463.164.9

61.660.161.663.764.3

60.960.461.663.865.0


59.358.857.959.260.1

74.272.770.872.572.9

46 146.646.547 548.8

59.458.857.859.560.2

74.272.770.672.773.0

46.446.646.447.848.9

59.758.757.859.560.5

74.572.570.872.773.2

46.746.546.447.949.2

59.858.658.059.760.3

59.958.858.160.060.3

59.658.658.360.060.3

59.558.558.660.060.3

Civilian employment-population ratio, men,

74.772.571.072.773.0

74.772.671.172.873.1

74.172.171.473.072.8

74.171.971.773.072.9


46.746.346.548.249.1

46.946.646.648.749.0

46.846.746.848.549.2

46.746.847.048.549.2

59.458.558.760.060.4

59.158.359.059.960.5

25 years and over

74.071.771.773.173.0

73.771.671.873.172.9

25 years and over

46.646.847.348.549.3

46.246.747.648.449.4

59.258.159.060.060.6

73.571.271.973.073.0

46.646.547.648 449.6

59.157.959.260.060.6

73.271.072.273.073.0

46.746.447.748 549.7

58.857.859.260.260.7

72.870.872.473.172.9

46 546.447.748 749.8

148




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982 .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985 .......

1981 .1982 . . . . .198319841985 .. .

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



74.574.072.874.976.4

89.287.585.287.788.7

74.674.172.675.276.5

89.087.684.987.988.7

74.973.872.875.376.5

89.487.285.288.088.7

75.173.773.175.576.6

75.173.873.176.076.5

74.873.773.576.276.5

74.873.673.976.176.6


89.787.285.588.188.6

89.787.285.688.288.9

89.286.786.088.688.4

89.286.486.488.588.6

74.773.674.276.276.7

74.473.274.476.076.9

, 25 to 54 years

89.186.486.488.788.6

88.985.986.688.688.7


60.661.361.262.864.7

61.061.461.063.164.8

61.261.161.063.365.0

61.460.961.563.765.1

61.461.261.364.464.8

61.261.461.764.365.2

61.361.562.164.365.2

61.261.562.664.365.3

60.861.262.864.065.6

74.573.174.476.177.0

88.585.786.888.788.8

74.472.874.776.177.0

88.385.487.188.688.7

61.361.162.764.265.8

61.460.963.064.266.0

74.072.874.976.377.2

87.685.287.588.788.8

61.261.162.964.566.2


74.374.072.474.876.5

88.586.683 686.588.3

74.474.172.375.176.6

88.586.683.486.688.6

74.973.672.175.176.6

89.086.183.387.088.4

75.173.472.975.476.6

74.973.473.275.976.5

74.973.073.476.376.6

74.872.973.776.276.7


89.186.084.087.188.4

89.086.084.387.388.5

88.685.184.787.888.2

88.684.985.087.888.4

74.773.273.876.576.6

74.572.674.076.277.1

, 25 to 34 years

88.485.085.088.488.2

88.284.385.288.388.4

74.572.574.176.476.9

87.784.185.588.388.4

74.372.474.776.176.9

87.284.086.187.988.5

73.772.574.876.377.2

86.383.686.587.988.7


60.862.161 863.765.1

61.162.161.664.065.2

61.561.761.463.665.3

61.861.362.364.265.4

61.661.362.664.965.0

61.861.462.665.265.6

61.761.462.965.065.6

61.762.063.265.165.4

61.461.563.364.666.3

61.961.563.265.065.9

62.061.463.764.965.8

61.761.963.565.166.3


76.576.275.177.278.5

76.576.275.077.778.3

76.575.875.377.878.5

76.775.875.477.778.6

77.175.975.078.478.6

76.676.075.578.178.6

76.975.975.978.178.8

77.075.876.377.879.0

76.675.576.478.078.9

76.575.276.678.179.4

76.474.776.878.379.4

76.274.677.278.679.2


91.589 687.590.390.7

90.989.987.490.690.2

91.289.488.090.590.3

91.489.487.990.390.4

91.889.487.990.590.6

91.289.188.490.590.0

91.188.988.790.390.4

91.488.788.889.890.6

91.188.388.890.290.6

90.688.089.190.390.7

90.287.389.590.690.3

89.987.190.091.090.0


62.363.563.564.967.1

62.863.363.365.566.9

62.762.963.365.767.3

62.862.963.665.967.4

63.263.162.967.067.2

62.963.663.366.467.7

63.563.663.866.667.8

63.563.664.566.568.0

62.963.364.766.467.9

63.363.264.866.568.7

63.462.764.966.669.0

63.362.865.166.969.0

149




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 .. . . . .1985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 . . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

72.671.470.672.073.3

87.786.785.086.386.6

February

72.771.670.372.073.7

87.786.584.486.487.0

March

72.871.670.672.573.7

88.086.584.986.687.0

April May June

Civilian employment-population

73.371.670.672.873.7

73.272.070.572.873.8

72.672.071.273.273.3

July August September

atio, both sexes, 45 to 54 years

72.472.171.773.173.2


88.686.484.986.786.6

88.386.584.986.687.1

87.886.485.487.686.5

87.986.085.987.286.4

72.171.572.073.273.6

71.871.372.372.873.7

45 to 54 years

87.585.986.087.786.6

87.585.786.286.986.9

October

72.171.272.272.973.6

87.585.786.187.086.7

November

72.371.172.073.174.0

87.885.585.687.386.9

December

72.071.072.073.274.2

87.085.585.987.187.2


58.657.257.158.760.8

58.757.757.158.561.2

58.757.857.359.561.3

59.157.957.259.861.6

59.158.657.159.961.3

58.558.658.159.960.9

58.159.258.559.960.9

57.858.059.059.761.5

57.257.959.359.561.3

57.957.859.259.861.4

57.957.659.259.961.8

58.057.459.160.162.0


31 230.529.929 529.1

43.542.040 740.439.4

21.721.621.621.221.2

31.330.229.829.629.1

43.641.740.640.339.4

21.821.321.421.421.2

31.430.429.629.329.4

43.641.840.439.739.8

22.021.621.321.421.4

31.530.429.529.529.2

31.530.629.529.529.1

31.330.529.729.329.1

31.130.429.729.428.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, men,

43.741.940.439.939.6

43.442.040.339.939.3

43.042.040.639.839.4

42.941.640.839.839.0


22.121.621.221.521.2

22.221.721.221.421.2

22.221.721.221.221.1

22.021.721.221.321.1

31 030.229.729.329.1

30.630.629.929.428.9

55 years and over

42.741.140.639.839.4

42.441.840 740.039.3

55 years and over

21.921.921.321.221.1

21.522.021.721.320.8

30.730.029.829.029.1

42.241.040.739.539.3

21.721.521.520.921.1

30 530.129.929.129.0

42.041.140.939.539.2

21.721.621.421.221.0

30 529.929.729.228.9

42.140.840.439.639.0

21.521.421.521.321.0


53.352 251.651.451.7

68 966.865.265.365.0

53.351.751.451.851.7

69.166.365.165.264.9

53.552.250.951.552.1

69.266.664.464.565.2

53.552.250.951.951.9

53.752.251.151.951.8

53.352.051.451.751.8

53.152.151.551.851.7


68.966.764.665.265.2

68.866.764.965.164.8

68.266.465.365.065.2

68.266.365.265.065.0

52.852.251.351.652.0

52.352.851.651.751.6

, 55 to 64 years

67.666.165.165.265.2

67.567.365.365.264.9

52.552.051.751.152.0

67.066.265.464.865.1

52.352.051.851.651.9

66 965.965.765.065.0

52.151.652.052.051.6

66 765.365.765.664.4


39.639.539.739.339.9

39.639.039.340.040.0

39.739.639.140.040.5

40.139.638.940.340.1

40.539.439.040.340.3

40.339.539.240.240.1

39.939.739.440.240.0

39.940.139.439.840.3

39.040.239.640.039.9

39.839.539.739.240.5

39.539 839.639.940.3

39.339 540.040.240.3

150




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 .....198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



11.811.611.311.110.4

11.911.511.311.010.5

12.011.511.410.810.7

12.211.511.310.710.6

12.011.911.210.710.4

12.011.911.210.510.5

11.911.611.310.710.2

11.911.311.310.610.3

11.611.511.610.810.3

11.711.211.410.710.4

11.611.211.310.510.3

11.711.311.010.510.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, men, 65 years and over

17.917.416.716.515.1

18.017.416.616.415.3

18.017.417.015.915.7

18.517.416.915.715.4

18.117.616.415.815.3

17.918.016.715.715.2

17.717.217.015.814.6

17.816.516.815.615.3

17.416.816.915.915.4

17.716.416.715.715.4

17.316.716.915.315.3

17.616.816.115.115.5

Civilian employment-population ratio, women, 65 years and over

7.57.57.57.47.2

7.77.57.67.37.2

7.97.57.67.27.2

7.87.57.57.37.2

7.77.97.67.27.0

7.97.87.47.07.1

7.97.87.37.17.2

7.87.77.57.26.8

7.77.97.97.36.8

7.57.67.77.36.9

7.77.57.57.36.9

7.67.47.57.36.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, white workers

60.059.158.259.960.8

60.259.258.160.161.0

60.259.158.160.261.1

60.459.058.360.360.9

60.559.358.360.761.0

60.058.958.960.860.6

60.158.859.160.760.7

60.158.859.460.460.9

59.658.759.560.561.1

59.858.559.660.661.2

59.558.359.860.661.3

59.258.260.060.861.3

Civilian employment-population ratio, white men

73.171.469.671.672.3

73.271.569.471.872.3

73.371.269.471.972.4

73.571.069.671.972.4

73.371.469.872.172.5

72.870.670.572.671.9

73.170.370.872.371.9

72.970.470.872.172.1

72.670.370.872.372.4

72.470.171.072.372.4

72.069.871.472.372.4

71.669.671.672.572.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, white women

48.048.047 949.250.3

48.348.047 849.450.6

48.448.047.849.550.7

48.548.048 049.750.5

48.748.347.950.250.4

48.448.348 250.150.3

48.448.348.550.250.5

48.548.349 049.750.6

47.848.249.149.750.8

48.347.949.149.951.0

48.247.949.350.051.1

47.947.949.450.251.2

Civilian employment-population ratio, white workers, 16 to 19 years

49.846.445 447.548.8

49.946.345.147.849.6

49.746.344.647.949.7

50.046.344.648.049.0

49.447.344.648.348.9

47.444.945.948.646.5

48.644.846.148.948.2

49.545.747.047.047.8

48.345.546.948.048.5

48.345.646.448.248.2

47.445.447.148.148.6

46.544.847.tf48.548.1

Civilian employment-population ratio, white men, 16 to 19 years

52.548.546 447.850.6

52.448.346 349.150.2

52.348.145.349.250.9

52.847.345.648.751.2

51.949.246.349.350.8

49.445.247.649.648.3

51.045.147.849.049.9

51.846.848.248.049.0

51.046.248.749.249.7

51.646.647.949.649.2

50.246.449.149.749.5

48.746.049.450.249.0

Civilian employment-population ratio, white women, 16 to 19 years

47 144.344 447.346.9

47 444.343.946.549.0

47.244.644.046.548.6

47.345.343.547.346.9

47.045.442.947.346.9

45.444.644.247.744.6

46.144.544.448.846.5

47.244.645.846.046.6

45.644.845.146.747.3

44.944.644.946.747.1

44.744.545.146.547.6

44.443.646.246.747.1

151




(Percent)

Year

198119821983 . .19841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . ..19821983 .19841985

19811982 . ...198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 . . . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Civilian employment-population ratio, white workers, 20 years and over

61.060.459.561.061.8

61.260.559.361.261.9

61.360.359.461.262.0

61.560.259.661.461.9

61.660.459.661.762.0

61.360.260.161.961.8

61.360.160.361.861.8

61.260.160.561.662.0

60.859.960.661.662.2

60.959.760.761.662.3

60.759.561.061.762.3

60.559.561.161.962.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, white men, 20 years and over

75.373.871.973.874.2

75.473.971.773.974.3

75.573.671.774.074.4

75.773.471.974.174.3

75.673.672.174.274.5

75.273.172.774.774.0

75.472.973.074.473.9

75.172.772.974.374.2

74.872.773.074.474.4

74.572.473.274.374.5

74.372.173.574.474.5

74.072.073.774.574.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, white women, 20 years and over

48.148.348.349.450.5

48.448.448.149.650.7

48.548.448.249.750.9

48.648.348.449.950.8

48.948.548.350.450.7

48.648.648.650.350.8

48.648.648.950.350.8

48.648.649.350.051.0

48.048.549.449.951.1

48.748.249.550.151.3

48.548.249.650.251.4

48.348.249.750.451.5

Civilian employment-population ratio, black workers

52.250.548.850.553.5

60.357.155.058.159.9

51.750.149.351.852.9

59.857.255.359.459.6

51.949.849.151.453.3

60.256.755.458.559.6

52.549.548.951.353.5

60.356.655.357.959.8

52.049.649.052.253.3

51.049.249.252.453.6

51.149.450.052.153.4

Civilian employment-population ratio,

60.556.655.159.560.1

58.455.656.258.960.1

58.756.156.858.660.1

50.549.549.652.853.6

black men

58.255.956.259.561.0

50.949.150.152.953.2

58.955.156.759.760.1

51.048.949.853.153.5

58.455.057.060.059.7

50.949.050.353.553.1

57.555.457.860.359.1

50.548.850.253.353.8

57.554.657.959.960.0

Civilian employment-population ratio, black women

45.745.243.844.448.4

45.244.544.545.647.5

45.244.244.045.648.1

46.343.743.846.148.4

45.244.044.146.447.9

45.144.143.647.148.4

45.044.044.446.847.9

44.344.344.347.447.7

44.644.344.847.447.7

45.044.144.047.648.4

45.643.844.248.148.3

44.944.144.048.048.7

Civilian employment-population ratio, black workers, 16 to 19 years

24.521.119.418.624.1

23.021.318.721.023.8

22.919.819.219.224.3

24.218.018.521.025.4

24.418.418.420.025.1

21.715.719.224.424.1

21.617.918.922.724.8

18.518.918.222.825.4

21.419.617.723.124.6

20.619:618.124.025.4

21.218.919.323.424.1

21.519.319.023.224.2

Civilian employment-population ratio, black men, 16 to 19 years

26.524.221.120.725.0

26.023.820.421.525.6

26.221.120.922.525.8

26.419.819.523.527.3

27.520.218.724.226.8

23.615.120.825.925.0

23.319.321.524.026.2

21.021.018.824.428.9

24.520.318.125.526.5

22.520.721.324.227.3

23.919.122.325.523.7

25.019.521.324.626.9

Civilian employment-population ratio, black women, 16 to 19 years

22.618.317.716.723.2

20.318.917.120.522.2

19.718.517.615.922.9

22.216.317.518.723.5

21.416.718.116.023.4

19.816.317.623.123.2

19.916.516.421.423.4

16.216.917.521.322.0

18.618.917.220.822.8

18.718.515.123.823.7

18.618.616.421.424.5

18.219.116.921.921.6

152




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 .19841985

1981198219831984 .. ..1985


Civilian employment-population ratio, black workers, 20 years and over

56.254.652.854.757.2

55.854.253.555.756.5

56.154.053.155.556.9

56.653.853.155.257.0

56.053.953.156.356.8

55.353.953.255.957.3

55.353.854.155.856.9

55.153.753.856.557.1

55.253.154.456.656.7

55.352.954.056.756.9

55.153.054.457.356.7

54.652.854.357.057.4

Civilian employment-population ratio, black men, 20 years and over

65.762 260.163 564.8

65.262.360.664.764.3

65.662.360.663.664.3

65.862.360.662.764.3

65.862.160.664.564.6

63.961.861.563.565.0

64.361.862.163.364.8

64.161 361.764.365.3

64.360.362.464.464.7

64.060.162.264.964.1

62.860.863.065.163.9

62.659.963.264.764.5

Civilian employment-population ratio, black women, 20 years and over

48.848 747.047.751.3

48.547 847.948.650.3

48.647.547.349.051.0

49.547.247.149.351.3

48.347.547.349.950.7

48.447.746.849.951.2

48.347.547.849.750.6

48.047.747.550.350.5

48.047 548.150.550.5

48.547 347.550.351.2

49.146 947.551.150.9

48.347 247.251.051.7

Civilian employment-population ratio, Hispanic-origin workers

57 556.053 757.257.3

57 756.553 657.158.1

57.256.453 257.458.0

58.255.954.456.957.6

58.155.754.657.957.4

57.854.755.158.557.6

57.754.155.758.357.6

57.454.055.858.058.3

57.354.155.758.258.5

57.154.155.758.158.0

57.053.556.058.557.6

56.453.656.559.057.5

153



7. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status

(In thousands)

Year

198119821983 ..19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 .198319841985

198119821983 . . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed, all civilian workers

8,0719,375

11,4858,9828,439

8,0519,710

11,5548,8378,395

7.9829.908

11.4258.7758.384

7,86910,25511,2868,7658,384

8,17410,43611,2628.5478.400

8,09810,55711,2718,2388,423

7,86310,84010,5118,4568,401

8,03610,89310.6108,4968,133

8,23011,22710,2928,3808,271

8,64611,5379,8858,3798,301

9,02911,9289,4878,1948,161

9,26711.9079.2528.2568,023

Unemployed men

4,4765,3786,6235,0904,574

4,4865,4906,7724,9584.575

4.4075,6886,7084,9074,517

4,3035,8456,6874,8874,556

4.5385.9846.7114.7524.514

4,4806,1506,4544.5754,633

4,2466,2656,1974,7024,611

4,4456,3526,2284,6244,435

4,4706,6396,0014,6484,445

4,7546,8195,7424,5394,571

5,0496,9935,4694,5074.445

5,2966,9285,2494,5834,346

Unemployed women

3,5953,9974,8623,8923,865

3.5654,2204,7823,8793.820

3,5754,2204,7173.8683,867

3,5664,4104.5993.8783.828

3,6364,4524.5513.7953.886

3,6184.4074,8173.6633,790

3,6174,5754,3143,7543,790

3,5914,5414,3823,8723,698

3,7604,5884,2913,7323,826

3,8924,7184,1433,8403,730

3.9804.9354.0183.6873.716

3,9714,9794,0033,6733,677

Unemployed both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,7791,9071.9291.5511.513

1.7911.9731.8671.5581.492

1,7671.8721,9071.5761,473

1.7471,9591.9001,5581,431

1,7501,9981,8381,5041.505

1,7401,9042,0271,4791,409

1,6431,9991,8451,4481,526

1,6832,0161,9131,4511.357

1,7382,0041,7691,5341,420

1,7982,0131,7091,4541,570

1.8882,0521,6341,3971,448

1,8142,0151,5981.4791,469

Unemployed, men, 16 to 19 years

1,0081.0371,059

848808

1.0031,0591.044

825812

9621,0581,078

848774

9531.0961.042

829781

9581,1041,015

809818

9541,0661,074

792771

8811,0751,013

825856

9261,1081,073

760802

9201,100

973818789

9351,108

933800894

1,0231,143

873780789

1.0161.125

858808780

Unemployed, women, 16 to 19 years

771870870703705

788914823733680

805814829728699

794863858729650

792894823695687

786838953687638

762924832623670

757908840691555

818904796716631

863905776654676

865909761617659

798890740671689

Unemployed both sexes, 20 years and over

6,2927,4689,5567.4316,926

6.2607.7379,6877,2796,903

6,2158.0369.5187.1996,911

6.1228.2969.3867,2076,953

6,4248.4389.4247,0436,895

6,3588,6539,2446,7597,014

6,2208,8418,6667,0086,875

6,3538,8778,6977,0456,776

6,4929,2238,5236,8466,851

6,8489,5248,1766.9256,731

7,1419,8767,8536,7976,713

7.4539.8927,6546,7776,554

Unemployed men, 20 years and over

3,4684,3415,5644,2423,766

2,8243,1273,9923,1893,160

3,4834,4315,7284,1333,763

2,7773.3063.9593.1463.140

3,4454,6305,6304,0593,743

2,7703,4063,8883,1403,168

3.3504.7495.6454.0583.775

2.7723,5473,7413,1493,178

3,5804,8805,6963,9433,696

1 In Am

2,8443,5583,7283,1003,199

3,5265,0845,3803,7833,862

2,8323.5693,8642,9763,152

3,3655,1905.1843.8773,755

3,5195,2445,1553,8643,633

n, 20 years and over

2,8553,6513,4823,1313,120

2,8343,6333,5423,1813,143

3.5505,5395,0283,8303,656

2,9423,6843,4953,0163,195

3,8195,7114,8093,7393,677

3,0293.8133,3673,1863,054

4,0265,8504,5963,7273,656

3,1154,0263,2573,0703,057

4.2805,8034,3913,7753,566

3,1734.0893.2633.0022.988

154



7. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status—Continued

(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed both sexes. 20 to 24 years

1,9182.1622.5641,9871.739

1.9002.2452,6011,8631,782

1,8882,2902,4831,8771,758

1,9262.3512,4651,9541.751

2.0752.3222.4701.8601.835

1.9602.3582.3561.7451.758

1.8742.3782.2261,8051,744

1.9422.4362.3021.8611.684

1.9792.4612.2181.8171,712

2.0392.5202.1681,7571,704

2.0602.6342.0691.7481,722

2,1722,6191,9651,7691,654

Unemployed men. 20 to 24 years

1.1031,2811.5061.122

946

1.1011,3141,5161,040

985

1,1201,3531.4241.039

972

1,1201,3741,4651,108

955

1.2321.3541.490

9951.030

1.1211,3711.386

990974

1.0201.3921.357

991955

1.1211.4201.3551.040

894

Unemployed women, 20 to 24 years

815881

1.058865793

799931

1,085823797

768937

1.059838786

806977

1,000846796

843968980865805

839987970755784

854986869814789

8211,016

947821790

Unemployed both sexes. 25 years and over

4,3735,3086,9965,4525,195

2,3633,0594,0583,1242,828

4.3675,4987,0905,4175,124

2,3943,1274,2183,0942,780

4,3475,7587,0365,3185,147

2,3353,2824,2023,0162,766

4,2055,9526,9325,2745,222

2,2413,3854,1922,9702,838

4,3346,0966,9265.1585.035

4,4016,3266.9335.0395.280

Unemployed men,

2.3183.4884,1622,9152,629

2.4103.7314.0062.7952.887

4.3256.4376.4185.1925.125

4.3776.4036.3645,1575.077

25 years and over

2.3243.7583.7912.8652.786

2.3993.8313,8082,8262,744

1,1301.4911.2841.059

907

1,1811.4951,257

931906

1.2241.5591.180

950921

1,2611,5351,127

988869

849970934758805

4.5256.7976.3435.0625.176

2.4304.0823,7792,7992,779

8581,025

911826798

4,8086.9865,9865,1475.004

2.6344.2063,5392,7992.761

8361.075

889798801

5.0607,2295,7865,0504.987

2,7754,2713,4132,7792,736

9111,084

838781785

5,3227,3055.6975.0044.890

3,0624,3093,2812,7912,694

Unemployed women, 25 years and over

2,0102,2492,9382,3282,367

1,9732,3712,8722,3232,344

2,0122.4762.8342.3022.381

3.8644,6866.1924.7614,578

3,8064,8206,2324,7454,525

3,8025,0756.2284,6644,549

1,9642,5672,7402,3042,384

2.0162.6082.7642,2432,406

1.9912.5952.9272.2442,393

2.0012.6792.6272,3272.339

1.9782.5722.5562.3312.333

2,0952,7152.5642,2632.397

2.1742.7802,4472,3482.243

2,2852,9582,3732,2712,251

2,2602,9962,4162,2132,196


3,6905,1956,0834.6384.638

3,8475,3896.1504,5174,423

3.8465.4806.0484,3214,613

3.8015.6785,6794,5794,513

3.8825.6785.6594.5214.480

3.9626.0025.5424.3694.522

4.2346.1795.2614.4504.402

4,4756,3395,0274,3704,384

4,7106.4454,9504,3704,301

Unemployed men, 25 to 54 years

2,0582,6813.5462.7022,461

1,8062,0052,6462,0592,117

2,0592.7063.6702,6762.420

1.7472.1142.5622,0692,105

2,0482,8623,6742,5872.414

1.7542,2132,5542,0772,135

1.9492,9263,6272,5822,510

1,7412,2692,4562,0562,128

2.0153.0633.6442.5222.286

2,0733.2403.4962.4032,502

Unemployed worr

1,8322.3262.5061.9952.137

1.7732,2402.5521.9182.111

2,0133.3323.3402.4972.420

2.1043.3553.3402.4182.405

ien, 25 to 54 years

1.7882.3462,3392.0822,093

1.7782.3232.3192.1032.075

2.1263.5903,2672.3512.393

1.8362.4122.2752.0182.129

2.3093.6853.0802.3882.381

1,9252,4942,1812.0622.021

2,4473,7232,9312,3612,359

2,0282,6162,0962,0092,025

2,6823,7592,7942,3862,339

2,0282,6862,1561,9841,962

155




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



2,1572,5313,3092,5642,353

2,0872,5993,3252,5652,347

2,0762,7563.4002,5392,297

2,0412,8893,2152,4572,410

2,2242,9573,2262,3522,343

2,1223,1133,2072,2592,365

2,1223,1792,9842,3972,326

2,1653,1203,0082,3062,355

2.2023.3202,9512.1632,393

2,3493,3522,8062,2572,338

2,4673,3692,7382,2612,324

2,5713,4432,6522,2622,248


1,1631,4741,9111,4821,263

1,1451,5241,9831,4571,251

1,1281,5972,0521,3901,220

1,0941,6831,9541,3631,298

1,1691,7021,9441,3121,225

1,1671,8541,8781,2551,260

1,1281,8961,7801,3371,235

1,1921,8641,7901,2341,257

1,2092,0001,7431.1531,265

1,3132,0191,6361,2311,245

1,3862,0011,5851.2541.209

1,5002,0541,4881,2911,196


9941,0571,3981,0821,090

9421,0751,3421,1081,096

9481,1591,3481,1491,077

9471,2061,2611,0941,112

1,0551,2551,2821,0401,118

9551,2591,3291,0041,105

9941,2831,2041,0601,091

9731,2561,2181,0721,098

9931,3201,2081,0101,128

1,0361,3331,1701,0261,093

1,0811.3681,1531,0071,115

1,0711,3891,164

9711,052


1,0041,3171,7971,3311,371

1,0151,3601,8021,3441,340

1,0451,3991,7481,3201,386

1,0421,4131,7371,3801,348

9491,4811,7831,3211,334

1,0091,4811,7411,2951,424

9651,5181,6871,3401,362

9771,5931,5981,4081,332

1,0721.6111,6071,3691,306

1,1371.7401.5041,3731,279

1,2281,8531.4021.2641.304

1,3131,9371,3761.2751.286


507735

1,014744716

548714

1,013749709

554772980729727

539759

1,003767713

478823

1,027738666

507859985738765

489868964741712

487926936111678

536952947752675

5881,027

887727670

6431.081

811653707

7261,095

769625726


497582783587655

467646789595631

491627768591659

503654734613635

471658756583668

502622756557659

476650723599650

490667662631654

536659660617631

549713617646609

585772591611597

587842607650560


703838

1,086866854

704861

1,105836838

681920

1,080805866

607893

1,131801880

674951

1,141844746

715886

1,100767824

714981

1,008842825

740965

1,053807793

6881,071

984837823

7481,087

951820785

7801,117

887845756

8261,065

922833767


388472621476482

366468674470460

366493642468467

316484670452499

368538673472395

399527633410477

396568596419473

425565614407470

381638577446453

408639557430466

418641535454443

456610537470417


315366465390372

338393431366378

315427438337399

291409461349381

306413468372351

316359467357347

318413412423352

315400439400323

307433407391370

340448394390319

362476352391313

370455385363350

156


HOUSEHOLD DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



523633822704630

307385525436379

546659845671600

314397534415364

562703821657604

297428526417347

503752860652611

285458577406356

516746811669634

500770821676642

Unemployed men,

311439535413362

312460501386391

525779783645655

522111753668615

55 years and over

322452490397399

306496481412338

571779754647604

311476477413352

565805727695589

323517455398361

551835722649570

318524462398353

617851730612573

385538463384339


216248297268251

428553699604529

232262311256236

442573721573512

265275295240257

468603723560501

218294283246255

407640749555520

205307276256272

188310320290251

Unemployed both s

416628690551548

396690702581548

203327293248256

216281272256277

exes, 55 to 64 years

431683655557540

437663642568525

260303277234252

488660617549525

242288272297228

457687641599497

233311260251217

459706625550478

232313267228234

509723615533483


251334445382317

253343447366311

247358458369285

235384502354308

260373454336315

255414423342333

267390411351324

262422406357297

267397397358307

264438409348303

268438404344293

307455395338286


177219254222212

189230274207201

221245265191216

172256247201212

156255236215233

141276279239215

164293244206216

175241236211228

221263220191218

193249232251194

191268221206185

202268220195197


9580123100101

5651805462

104861249888

6154874953

941009897103

5070684862

961121119791

5074755248

10011812111886

104801199594

Unemployed men,

5166817747

5746784458

949612888

115

8511411110090

65 years and over

5562794675

4474755541

r 831191379879

4479805545

10811886

CD

C

MC

D

CD

5979465058

92129979992

5086585460

1081281157990

7883684653


3929434639

4332374935

4430304941

4638364543

4952404139

4734415136

3934494240

4140364549

3940574334

4939404634

4243394532

3045473337

157




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 ....198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 .198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

6,2997,2478,7536,7116,318

February

6,2377,4578,9116,6626,198

March

6,1587,6308,7566,5886,245

April

6,0707,9538,5846,5546,248

May

6,2947,9938,5346,3836,197

June July

Unemployed white workers

6,1708,1608,4716,1346,395

5,9978,4277,9506,2066,327

August

6,0148,3787,9726,2666,133

September

6,2518,6717,7746,2706,124

October

6,5688,8917,4596,2406,164

November

6,9329,2647,1806,1135,971

December

7,1589,2606,9366,1735,948

Unemployed white men

3,5314,2195,1253,9123,480

3,5624,2995,3393,8063,457

3,5144,4495,2923,7543,404

3,3914,6145,2213,7033,451

3,5364,6555,1833,5973,373

3,4824,8454,9303,4313,603

3,2844,9814,7543,4853,554

3,4005,0134,7843,4643,433

3,4645,2024,6543,5273,348

3,7025,3314,4803,4453,431

3,9415,5034,2363,4413,302

4,1545,4154,0543,4683,254

Unemployed white women

2,7683,0283,6282,7992,838

1,3631,5091,4931,1431,090

2,6753,1583,5722,8562,741

1,4151,5331,4611,1791,084

2,6443,1813,4642,8342,841

1,3721,4351,5221,1971,060

2,6793,3393,3632,8512,797

1,3621,5671,4621,1561,044

2,7583,3383,3512,7862,824

2,6883,3153,5412,7032,792

2,7133,4463,1962,7212,773

Unemployed white workers, 16 to

1,3841,5371,4031,1251,104

1,3641,4851,5001,1191,053

1,2881,5341,3841,0421,099

2,6143,3653,1882,8022,700

19 years

1,2801,5371,4331,0761,016

2,7873,4693,1202,7432,776

1,3761,5391,2971,1461,041

2,8663,5602,9792,7952,733

1,3751,5801,2801,0801,166

2,9913,7612,9442,6722,669

1,4851,5841,2191,0331,054

3,0043,8452,8822,7052,694

1,4371,5741,1941,0901,075

Unemployed white men, 16 to 19 years

763848823649584

600661670494506

793835823610611

622698638569473

772812860647563

600623662550497

738878812618573

624689650538471

752861756610610

759837785601581

683845746611617

Unemployed white women, 16 to

632676647515494

605648715518472

605689638431482

694868792565606

19 years

586669641511410

736852708622572

640687589524469

736865717584665

639715563496501

819878660588557

666706559445497

816873650590565

621701544500510

Unemployed white workers, 20 years and over

4,9365,7387,2605,5685,228

4,8225,9247,4505,4835,114

4,7866,1957,2345,3915,185

4,7086,3867,1225,3985,204

4,9106,4567,1315,2585,093

4,8066,6756,9715,0155,342

4,7096,8936,5665,1645,228

4,7346,8416,5395,1905,117

4,8757,1326,4775,1245,083

5,1937,3116,1795,1604,998

5,4477,6805,9615,0804,917

5,7217,6865,7425,0834,873

Unemployed white men, 20 years and over

2,7683,3714,3023,2632,896

2,7693,4644,5163,1962,846

2,7423,6374,4323,1072,841

2,6533,7364,4093,0852,878

2,7843,7944,4272,9872,763

2,7234,0084,1452,8303,022

2,6014,1364,0082,8742,937

2,7064,1453,9922,8992,827

2,7284,3503,9462,9052,776

2,9664,4663,7632,8612,766

3,1224,6253,5762,8532,745

3,3384,5423,4042,8782,689

Unemployed white women, 20 years and over

2,1682,3672,9582,3052,332

2,0532,4602,9342,2872,268

2,0442,5582,8022,2842,344

2,0552,6502,7132,3132,326

2,1262,6622,7042,2712,330

2,0832,6672,8262,1852,320

2,1082,7572,5582,2902,291

2,0282,6962,5472,2912,290

2,1472,7822,5312,2192,307

2,2272,8452,4162,2992,232

2,3253,0552,3852,2272,172

2,3833,1442,3382,2052,184

158




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982 . . ..198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed black workers

1,6061,9292,4512,0091,854

1,6101,9762,3011,9301,966

1,6672,0362,3191,9711,872

1,6382,0392,3701,9691,875

1,6482,0852,3641,8911,906

1,7292,0942,4451,8731,779

1,6392,1252,2742,0111,855

1,7942,1402,3001,9361,729

1,7632,2542,2061,8161,878

1,8712,3042,0981,8641,846

1,8862,3332,0331,8311,939

1,9262,4122,0701,8531,865

Unemployed black men

8281,0461,3171,039

946

778883

1,134970908

8221,0781,2461,0171,003

788898

1,055913963

8101,0961,2311,054

951

857940

1,088917921

8351,0921,2811,053

950

803947

1,089918925

8581,1151,305

987953

790970

1,059904953

8881,1371,3081,013

898

8501,1281,2481,078

943

Unemployed black womer

841957

1,137860881

789997

1,026933912

9361,1421,256

992849

858998

1,044944880

8951,2591,172

952964

868995

1,034864914

9511,2821,073

958991

9201,0221,025

906855

1,0021,2931,054

905995

8841,040

979926944

1,0321,3581,028

966959

8941,0541,042

887906

Unemployed black workers, 16 to 19 years

386359377363372

344378360344376

357398346360374

380377398370356

323411390344367

345397473328339

316395395358374

380417430355299

322403411362336

397394378350360

372413372349357

349402376350370

Unemployed black men, 16 to 19 years

231175206185208

155184171178164

191198196196188

153180164148188

161220195192191

196178151168183

216213208194188

164164190176168

177216230185184

176226254171184

184206219186210

Unemployed black women, 16 to

146195160159183

169171219157155

132189176172164

217211243179164

19 years

163206187176135

155220226184195

167183185178141

179215182198200

218179196152160

184231189186206

188182183163151

178224186198197

171178190152173

Unemployed black workers, 20 years and over

1,2201,5702,0741,6461,482

1,2661,5981,9411,5861,590

1,3101,6381,9731,6111,498

1,2581,6621,9721,5991,519

1,3251,6741,9741,5471,539

1,3841,6971,9721,5451,440

1,3231,7301,8791,6531,481

1,4141,7231,8701,5811,430

1,4411,8511,7951,4541,542

1,4741,9101,7201,5141,486

1,5141,9201,6611,4821,582

1,5772,0101,6941,5031,495

Unemployed black men, 20 years and over

597871

1,111854738

631880

1,050821815

649876

1,036862760

619879

1,073859762

681899

1,075802769

712911

1,054842714

666922

1,029892733

719931

1,013813685

7401,039

946768769

7721,067

891760791

8181,062

865719789

8541,134

842768762

Unemployed black women, 20 years and over

623699963792744

635718891765775

661762937749738

639783899740757

644775899745770

672786918703726

657808850761748

695792857768745

701812849686773

702843829754695

696858796763793

723876852735733

159




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed Hispanic-origin workers

677775

1,051826793

733817

1,084765759

648819

1,067842783

613872

1,031852793

649939972788810

670914

1,002768813

653938865767843

650996922802808

620977924796818

7041,020

860816872

7371,036

880772829

7741,077

834798810

Unemployed married men, spouse present

1,7322,1812,9082,0081,859

1,7262,2072,9211,9821,818

1,7142,2972,9201,9411,756

1,5402,4282,8861,9341,759

1,6472,5022,8471,8871,633

1,7372,6682,7111,8591,875

1,6242,7442,5121,8561,780

1,6422,7772,5821,8341,690

1,7442,9172,4281,8651,774

1,8713,0392,3211,8641,722

2,0053,0582,2241,8191,752

2,2033,0342,1091,8281,749

Unemployed married women, spouse present

1,5621,6072,0661,5881,578

1,4711,7782,0121,5971,488

1,5041,8191,9701,5541,622

1,4881,9881,9341,5651,609

1,4571,8941,9441,5691,579

1,4551,8452,0461,5291,605

1,4531,9081,8171,5801,581

1,4011,8751,8241,6121,518

1,5131,9451,7751,5401,588

1,5502,0491,6791,5881,509

1,6592,2111,6491,5081,542

1,6582,1421,6741,5131,492

Unemployed women who maintain families

558594776647631

546599751644674

531607776662641

550652736636673

579671724614682

585699724610619

624719685613644

570695670623683

597716699600710

597650666626639

620729614663625

596111661592592

Unemployed full-time workers

6,6127,8049,7757,4936,920

1,0261,1081,119

838836

6,6198,0199,9037,3006,923

9871,1111,141

830801

6,5338,3409,7567,3126,831

1,0071,1241,110

877757

6,4298,5619,6507,3276,845

6,6408,7399,5347,0676,816

6,6278,9559,3956,5976,770

6,4649,0958,9176,9806,901

Unemployed full-time workers, both sexes

9961,1221,109

880742

1,0001,1861,030

802781

9971,1141,126

702654

9701,1671,066

762816

6,4689,1998,9796,9706,683

6,7409,5598,7086,8986,766

, 16 to 19 years

9201,1921,148

771752

1,0051,185

998852783

7,1279,9338,3486,9686,726

1,0171,186

983801838

7,45310,1527,9346,7786,713

1,0471,178

899839774

7,89410,1657,6876,8376,583

1,1061,150

866832790

Unemployed full-time workers, men, 20 years and over

3,2494,1335,2893,9933,538

3,2644,1725,4333,8783,529

3,2504,3505,3443,8113,517

3,1644,4685,3663,8233,516

3,3004,5785,3853,6813,443

3,3594,8735,0983,5073,596

3,1464,9284,9003,6363,516

3,2714,9644,8853,6173,386

3,3095,2714,7523,5993,438

3,5895,4864,5423,5023,434

3,7875,5584,3413,4813,445

4,0755,5594,1503,5313,353

Unemployed full-time workers, women, 20 years and over

2,3372,5633,3672,6622,546

2,3682,7363,3292,5922,593

2,2762,8663,3022,6242,557

2,2692,9713,1752,6242,587

2,3402,9753,1192,5842,592

2,2712,9683,1712,3882,520

2,3483,0002,9512,5822,569

2,2773,0432,9462,5822,545

2,4263,1032,9582,4472,545

2,5213,2612,8232,6652,454

2,6193,4162,6942,4582,494

2,7133,4562,6712,4742,440

Unemployed part-time workers

1,4511,5671 7061,4841,511

1,4131,6551 6161,5011,438

1,4611,5851,6751,4721,554

1,4611,7211,6551,4651,580

1,5041,6481,6831,4701,586

1,4311,5241,7771,5461,540

1,4371,7931,6271,5181,532

1,5421,6631,6171,5331,470

1,5061,7081,6171,4921,513

1,5321,6531,5671,4371,586

1,5981,8081 5681,4141,446

1,3971,7731 5971,4461,478

160




(In thousands)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed part-time workers, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

753802814717679

222217285255236

783838704707674

202247289256235

767756804706720 \

197282277246221

766854808696706

755814806696719

712749849719691

676832782691716

755828779709642

750832783693650

Unemployed part-time workers, men, 20 years and over

183285280241270

247253268254249

171206269265246

223256281240239

249275265241242

236282282231221

782829728655731

231243273239244

856889744562672

238300260248217

707866737652688

243279256250217

Unemployed part-time workers, women, 20 years and over

476548607512596

428570623538529

497547594520613

512582567528604

502581609520618

548569659562603

538705564587577

538560573583586

520594552568642

519581566543611

504619564604557

447628604544573

161



8. Unemployed persons by reason for and duration of unemployment


Year

19811982 ...198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployed job losers

4,0345,2986,7764,7894,271

4,1365,2826,8684,7334,236

4,0035,6636,8794,6414,177

3,9685,9216,7814,5344,229

4,0585,9666,8524,4173,994

4,1296,2416,6134,3004,167

3,9396,2936,0754,3704,206

4,1686,4196,1674,2384,144

4,3456,8825,9304,1984,142

4,4447,2645,5144,2924,040

4,7807,3555,2264,1384,081

5,2167,1435,0574,1963,933

Unemployed job losers on layoff

1,3111,8822,1671,2471,216

1,3521,8052,0541,2421,203

1,3541,8921,9921,2431,155

1,3381,9961,9651,0971,182

1,3471,9581,9571,1921,068

1,3172,1051,8401,1711,135

1,2672,1511,7221,1741,134

1,3072,2251,6621,1681,112

1,3782,5061,5541,1161,167

1,5392,4711,3871,1691,161

1,7142,4811,3401,0661,175

1,9412,3851,3271,0951,132

Unemployed job leavers

919826822804877

892936842786868

908895917787861

877912830802852

1,003876815814870

919844801799983

938818733838894

898835797838875

937782857849852

970783860816911

912779853875808

896812837856876

Unemployed reentrants

2,0592,0832,5592,1952,240

2,0292,2932,5222,1732,238

2,0942,2772,4412,1812,301

2,0322,3412,4732,2792,283

2,0952,4192,3832,1502,378

2,0532,4002,4601,9952,233

2,0612,5092,4582,1382,184

2,0172,4112,4792,3202,191

2,0682,4212,3192,2332,335

2,1792,2482,3352,1572,237

2,3542,5922,2742,1832,226

2,2102,6602,2232,2402,225

Unemployed new entrants

1,0311,0781,2021 1821,045

9601,1321,2101,1211,056

1,0131,0731,1661,1891,074

9941,0821,2251 1801,051

9491,1411,2251,1551,142

9611,0701,4131,1351,018

9151,2251,2311,0931,098

9411,2901,2151,106

941

9461,2821,2401,063

918

9931,2971,1221 0671,045

1,0191,2561,1721,0191,055

1,0391,2981,1721 0151,033

Unemployed less than 5 weeks

3,3183,9123,6393,2753,627

3,2873,8063,7263,3423,501

3,3283,9063,5133,3583,556

3,1853,9513,5503,3863,528

3,4093,9143,5723,2363,607

3,3403,6073,6793,2293,466

3,3073,9303,4523,3783,525

3,3203,8963,6273,5623,422

3,4933,9623,7543,3133,484

3,6563,8683,4883,4263,430

3,8123,9663,3393,3853,465

3,9493,9293,4413,3523,374

Unemployed 5 to 14 weeks

2,3343,0743,3022,5222,540

2,4123,1233,1812,5012,488

2,4283,1083,1572,5242,487

2,4363,2303,1232,4772,516

2,5943,3012,9942,4102,594

2,4033,4232,9412,2922,536

2,4083,3042,8062,4472,514

2,4873,3483,0272,4132,508

2,5243,5072,7802,5312,505

2,6543,4652,7322,3922,536

2,8103,5092,6472,3472,448

2,9893,4142,5022,5242,460

Unemployed 15 weeks and over

2,3892,3974,6243,2072,247

1,1261,2211,9691,183

932

2,3442,7604,6392,9972,413

1,0991,4841,9231,1611,065

2,2762,9664,6172,8922,400

1,0591,6091,8721,1171,061

2,2313,0894,3762,8422,374

1,0991,5911,6851,1121,031

2,2213,2684,5272,8662,274

2,2503,4614,5092,6392,328

Unemployed

1,0721,6561,7941,2021,063

1,1271,6521,6151,0331,033

2,1663,5614,3392,6462,329

2,2413,7054,0852,6222,274

15 to 26 weeks

1,0801,7471,7481,0621,078

1,0771,8331,5521,1031,047

2,2613,8943,8702,5802,307

1,1471,8731,4081,1011,035

2,3034,1903,6432,5142,277

1,1691,9391,3491,0681,057

2,3454,4853,5282,4362,205

1,2022,1431,3521,006

894

2,3744,6573,3622,3842,188

1,2032,0871,290

983973

Unemployed 27 weeks and over

1,2631,1762,6552,0241,315

1,2451,2762,7161,8361,348

1,2171,3572,7451,7751,339

1,1321,4982,6911,7301,343

1,1491,6122,7331,6641,211

1,1231,8092,8941,6061,295

1,0861,8142,5911,5841,251

1,1641,8722,5331,5191,227

1,1142,0212,4621,4791,272

1,1342,2512,2941,4461,220

1,1432,3422,1761,4301,311

1,1712,5702,0721,4011,215

162



8. Unemployed persons by reason for and duration of unemployment—Continued


Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Average duration in weeks

14.313.419.420.515.9

14.114.119.219.116.0

14.014.119.418.915.9

13.914.519.318.616.1

13.614.920.418.615.0

13.715.620.918.115.5

13.815.421.218.015.5

14.416.220.217.515.5

13.616.620.317.215.5

13.517.220.316.815.4

13.117.119.817.115.7

13.118.219.417.115.4

Median duration in weeks

7.47.1

11.19.16.8

7.17.59.88.37.1

7.17.7

10.48.37.0

7.48.1

10.98.26.8

6.98.5

12.18.96.7

6.69.6

11.57.76.8

7.18.5

10.17.57.1

7.28.79.37.37.2

6.89.59.37.66.9

6.89.79.47.27.0

6.910.09.37.26.9

6.910.28.77.36.9

163



9. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

1981 ..1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . . .19841985


Unemployment rate, including resident Armed Forces, total

7.48.5

10.27.97.2

7.38.7

10.37.77.2

7.28.9

10.27.77.2

7.19.2

10.07.67.2

7.49.3

10.07.47.2

7.49.49.97.17.2

7.19.79.37.37.2

7.39.79.37.46.9

7.510.09.07.37.0

7.810.38.77.27.0

8.110.68.37.16.9

Unemployment rate, including resident Armed Forces, men

7.18.5

10.47.87.0

7.18.6

10.67.67.0

6.98.9

10.57.56.9

6.89.2

10.47.56.9

7.19.3

10.47.36.8

7.19.6

10.07.07.0

6.79.89.67.27.0

7.09.99.67.16.7

7.110.39.37.16.7

7.510.68.96.96.9

7.910.98.46.96.7

Unemployment rate, including resident Armed Forces, women

7.88.5

10.17.97.6

7.58.6

1048.07.4

7.78.99.97.97.5

7.48.9

10.47.87.3

7.78.99.87.87.6

7.49.0

10.37.87.3

7.69.39.57.87.5

7.79.39.47.67.6

7.79.29.97.37.4

Unemployment rate

7.29.3

10.27.87.3

7.59.4

10.27.57.3

7.59.6

10.17.27.3

7.79.58.97.57.4

7.79.48.97.77.2

8.19.58.77.57.4

, all civilian workers

7.29.89.47.47.3

7.49.99.57.57.1

7.610.1927.47.1

8.39.88.57.67.2

7.910.48.87.37.1

8.410.28.27.37.2

8.310.7857.27.0

8.410.68.17.16.8

8.310.88.17.06.6

8.410.38.27.37.1

8.510.7827.26.9

Unemployment rate, men

7.28.7

10.68.07.1

7.38.8

10.87.87.1

7.19.1

10.77.77.0

6.99.4

10.77.77.1

7.39.5

10.77.57.0

7.39.9

10.27.27.2

6.910.09.87.47.2

7.210.29.87.26.9

7.210.69.57.36.9

7.710.99.17.17.1

8.111.18.67.06.9

8.511.08.37.16.7

Unemployment rate, women

7.88.5

10.18.07.6

7.78.99.97.97.5

7.78.99.87.97.6

7.69.39.67.87.5

7.89.39.57.67.6

7.89.29.97.37.5

7.79.58.97.57.4

7.79.59.07.87.3

8.19.58.87.57.5

8.39.88.57.77.3

8.410.28.27.47.2

8.510.38.27.37.1

Unemployment rate, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

19.122.023.219.518.9

20.322.524.320.719.3

17.821.421.918.318.5

19.322.722.819.418.4

20.323.024.219.819.4

18.222.221.319.017.4

19.221.923.519.818.2

19.623.225.220.218.5

18.720.321.519.317.9

18.822.823.419.517.9

19.122.822.918.918.8

19.823.024.218.318.6

Unemployment rate

19.324.224.620.018.5

19.723.824.019.519.4

20.624.924.419.019.2

Unemployment rate,

18.321.222.218.917.2

18.421.721.718.218.1

18.921.023.917.717.8

18.623.922.618.119.3

men, 16 to i

18.925.023.420.020.5

18.823.722.918.617.5

19.723.621.719.318.1

9 years

19.524.824.418.819.6

19.725.122.619.719.3

women, 16 to 19 years

18.222.721.616.117.9

18.122.421.218.415.3

19.722.120.718.716.9

20.323.721.318.419.8

19.925.022.019.521.5

20.822.220.517.317.9

21.324.120.217.818.4

21.725.620.418.819.4

20.922.420 116.717.4

21.124.019.818.718.8

22.125.620.319.419.3

19.922.319217.918.3

164



9. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and full- or part-time status—Continued

(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployment rate, both sexes, 20 years and over

6.47.49.37.16.5

6.37.79.57.06.5

6.38.09.36.96.4

6.18.29.16.96.5

6.48.39.26.76.4

6.48.58.96.46.5

6.28.78.46.66.4

6.48.78.46.76.3

6.59.08.26.56.3

6.89.37.96.56.2

7.19.67.56.46.2

7.49.67.36.46.0

Unemployment rate, men, 20 years and over

6.17.69.67.26.3

6.17.79.87.06.3

6.08.09.76.86.2

5.98.29.76.86.3

6.28.49.76.66.1

6.28.89.16.36.4

5.98.98.86.56.2

6.19.08.76.56.0

6.29.58.56.46.1

6.79.88.26.26.1

7.010.07.86.26.0

7.510.07.46.35.9

Unemployment rate, women, 20 years and over

6.77.39.07.16.8

6.61.18.96.96.7

6.67.98.86.96.7

6.58.28.56.96.7

6.78.18.46.76.8

6.78.28.76.56.7

6.78.37.86.86.6

6.78.37.96.96.6

7.08.47.76.66.7

7.18.77.56.96.4

7.29.17.26.66.4

7.49.27.26.56.2


11.913.516.012.410.9

12.814.917.513.111.3

11.814.016.111.611.2

12.815.217.612.111.8

11.714.215.511.711.1

12.915.716.712.011.7

11.914.615.412.111.1

12.915.917.112.811.4

12.814.415.511.511.6

12.214.614.610.811.2

Unemployment rate,

14.115.717.511.512.3

13.016.015.911.311.7

11.614.813.811.211.2

12.115.214.311.710.8

men, 20 to 24 years

11.816.215.611.511.6

13.016.615.612.210.9

12.315.313.811.410.9

13.117.415.012.311.0

12.615.713.611.010.9

13.717.414.711.011.1

12.816.312.910.911.0

14.218.113.811.111.2

13.516.212.411.110.6

14.617.813.211.610.6

Unemployment rate, women, 20 to 24 years

10.911.914.211 710.6

10.712.514.411.110.6

10.412.514.111.310.5

10.813.013.411.410.7

11.312.913.311.510.8

11.313.113.110.110.6

11.413.211.710.810.7

11.013.512.711.110.7

11.513.012.510.310.9

11.413.812.311.010.7

11.214.312.010.610.8

12.214.411.410.410.6


536.38 16.25.7

536.5826.15.6

526.88 16.05.6

507.08.05.95.7

527.18.05.85.5

5.37.47.95.65.8

5.27.57.35.85.6

5.27.57.35.75.5

5.47.97.25.65.6

5.78.16.85.75.4

6.08.46.65.65.4

6.38.56.55.55.3


4.9638.2625.5

5.0648.56.15.4

4.86.78.45.95.3

4.66.98.45.85.5

4.87.08.35.75.1

5.07.58.05.55.6

4.87.67.55.65.4

4.91.17.65.55.3

5.08.27.55.55.3

5.48.57.05.55.3

5.78.66.85.45.2

6.38.76.55.45.1


586.38.0626.0

5.76.67.86.16.0

5.86.97.76.16.0

5.67.27.56.06.0

5.77.27.55.86.1

5.77.27.95.86.0

5.77.37.16.05.9

5.67.16.86.05.8

6.07.46.85.96.0

6.27.66.56.15.6

6.48.16.35.85.6

6.48.26.45.75.4

165




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



5.76.78.76.56.0

5.66.98.76.45.9

5.67.38.76.36.0

5.47.48.56.36.1

5.67.78.56.15.8

5.67.88.45.86.0

5.58.07.86.15.9

5.78.07.86.05.8

5.88.57.65.85.8

6.18.77.25.95.7

6.48.96.95.85.6

6.89.06.85.85.5

Unemployment rate, men, 25 to 54 years

5.36.78.76.55.7

5.36.89.06.45.6

5.27.19.06.25.6

4.97.38.96.15.8

5.17.68.96.05.3

5.38.08.55.75.8

5.18.28.15.95.6

5.38.38.15.75.6

5.48.87.95.55.5

5.89.17.45.65.5

6.19.17.15.55.4

6.79.26.75.65.4


636.88.66.56.4

6 17.18.46.56.3

6.17.48.36.56.4

6.07.68.06.46.3

6.37.78.16.16.4

6.17.48.25.96.3

6.11.17.56.46.2

6 11.11A6.46.1

638.07.26.26.2

668.26.96.35.9

698.66.66.15.9

698.86.86.05.7


1.28.2

1058.07.1

7.08.4

10.67.97.1

6.98.9

10.87.86.9

6.79.3

10.27.67.2

7.39.5

10.17.27.0

7.010.010.16.97.1

7.010.29.47.36.9

7.110.0947.07.0

7.210.6926.67.1

7.710.7886.86.9

8.010.7856.96.9

8.410.9826.86.6


678.4

10.88.16.8

6.68.6

11.18.06.7

6.59.0

11.57.66.5

6.39.5

10.97.46.9

6.79.6

10.87.16.5

6.710.410.46.86.7

6.410.69.97.26.6

6.810.49.96.66.7

6911.2966.26.7

7511.3906.66.6

7911.2876.76.4

8511.5826.96.3


7.98.0

10.27 77.5

7.58.19.9797.5

7.48.79.98.27.4

7.49.19.2777.6

8.29.49.3737.7

7.49.49.6707.5

7.79.68.7747.4

7.59.38.8757.4

119.88.77 17.5

7.99.98.47 17.3

8.210.18.2707.5

8.210.28.3687.0


4.86.0785.55.4

4.96.2785.55.2

5.06.4755.45.4

5.06.4745.65.2

4.56.6765.35.2

4.86.6745.25.5

4.66.77.15.45.2

4.67.06.75.65.1

5.07.16.75.45.0

5.37.6635.44.8

5.78.1585.04.9

6.08.4575.04.8


425.97.85.45.0

465.77.75.45.0

466.17.45.25.1

4.56.07.65.54.9

3.96.57.75.34.6

4.26.77.45.35.3

4.06.87.25.34.9

4.07.26.95.54.7

447.47.05.34.6

487.96.55.14.6

528.3604.64.8

588.4564.44.9


5.76.27.85.65.8

5.36.87.95.65.6

5.56.67.65.55.8

5.66.97.35.75.6

5.36.97.55.35.8

5.66.57.45.15.7

5.36.77.15.55.6

5.46.86.45.75.6

5.96.86.45.65.4

6.07.36.05.85.2

637.85.7555.0

638.55.8584.7

166




(Percent)

Year

198119821983 . . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985



4.15.06.55.15.0

4.15.16.65.04.8

4.05.46.44.85.0

3.65.36.74.75.1

3.95.66.85.04.3

4.25.26.54.54.8

4.25.86.04.94.8

4.45.76.24.74.6

4.16.35.84.94.7

4.46.45.64.84.5

4.66.65.34.94.3

4.96.35.54.94.4


3.94.86.44.94.9

3.74.86.94.84.7

3.75.06.64.84.7

3.2 1

5.06.94.65.0

3.75.56.94.84.0

4.05.46.54.24.8

4.05.86.14.34.8

4.35.86.34.14.8

3.96.55.94.64.6

4.16.55.74.44.7

4.26.55.54.64.5

4.66.35.54.84.2


445.26.65.55.0

475.66.25.25.1

446.06.24.75.3

4 15.86.64.85.1

4.35.86.75.14.7

445.06.54.94.7

455.75.85.84.8

455.66.15.54.3

4 46.15.65.45.0

486.35.55.44.3

5 16.74.95.44.2

526.45.45.04.6


3.54.25.54 74.2

3.64.45.6454.0

3.74.75.54.44.0

3.35.05.74.44.1

3.44.95.44.54.3

3.35.15.54.54.3

3.55.15.2434.4

3.55.15.0454.1

3.85.15.0434.1

3.85.34.8473.9

3.75.54.84 43.8

4.15.74.84 13.9


3.44.35.9494.3

3.44.46.0474.1

3.34.85.9483.9

3.15.16.44.64.0

3.44.86.04.74.1

3.45.15.64.44.4

3.65.05.54.54.6

3.45.55.44.73.8

3.55.25.34.74.0

3.65.75.14.54.1

3.65.85.1464.0

4.36.05.24.43.9


3.74.24.94.44.1

3.94.45.14.23.9

4.44.64.94.04.2

3.64.94.74.04.2

3.45.04.64.24.4

3.15.15.34.84.1

3.45.34.94.14.2

3.64.64.54.24.5

4.44.94.53.94.2

4.04.74.44.93.7

3.95.14.34.13.6

3.95.24.43.73.9


3.64.6585.14.4

3.74.86.04.84.3

3.95.06.14.74.2

3.45.36.34.64.3

3.45.25.84.64.6

3.35.75.84.84.6

3.65.65.54.74.5

3.75.55.44.84.4

4.15.45.24.64.4

3.85.75.35.04.1

3.95.85.24.64.0

4.36.05.14.44.1


3.5476.25.44.5

3.54.86.35.24.4

3.45.06.55.34.0

3.35.37.05.04.4

3.65.26.44.84.5

3.65.85.94.94.7

3.75.45.85.04.6

3.75.95.75.14.2

3.75.55.65.14.4

3.76.15.75.04.3

3.86.15.64.94.2

4.36.45.54.84.1


3.74.55.2464.3

4.04.85.64.24.1

4.65.05.53.94.3

3.65.25.14.14.3

3.25.24.94.34.7

2.95.65.74.84.4

3.45.95.04.24.4

3.64.94.94.34.6

4.65.34.53.94.5

4.05.14.75.23.9

4.05.44.54.23.8

4.25.54.54.04.0

167




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982 .. . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

3.22.74.13.33.5

February

3.42.94.13.33.0

March

3.13.33.23.33.5

April

3.13.73.73.33.1

May June

Unemployment rate, both

3.33.84.04.03.0

3.42.64.03.33.2

July August

sexes, 65 years and over

3.13.14.23.04.0

2.83.83.63.43.1

September

2.83.94.43.32.7

October

3.64.02.83.33.2

November

3.14.33.23.43.2

December

3.64.23.82.73.1


3.02.84.43.03.6

3.22.94.82.73.1

2.73.83.72.73.5

2.64.04.03.02.7

2.73.54.54.32.7

3.02.44.22.53.3

3.03.44.22.64.4

2.44.14.03.22.4

2.44.34.33.12.6

3.24.42.52.93.3

2.74.73.13.13.4

4.14.53.82.73.0


3 52.53.63.93.3

3.72.83.14.23.0

3.72.62.54.23.5

3.93.33.13.83.6

424.23.33.53.4

3.92.83.54.53.1

332.84.23.63.4

353.33.03.84.3

333.34.53.63.0

4 23.33.33.83.0

363.73.33.82.8

263.83.92.83.2

Unemployment rate, white workers

6.77.69.1696.4

6.57.79.3706.2

6.67.89.3686.2

6.57.89.76.86.1

6.58.09.16.76.3

6.48.19.6676.0

6.48.38.9676.3

6.28.49.5666.1

6.68.38.86.56.2

6.58.58.76.26.4

Unemployment

6.48.49.46.46.0

6.48.88.96.16.4

6.38.78.26.36.3

6.38.78.2646.1

rate, white men

6.09.08.5626.3

6.29.18.6626.1

6.69.08.0646.1

6.39.48.4635.9

6.99.27.76.36.1

6.79.68.16 16.1

7.39.67.3625.9

7.29.97.66 15.8

7.59.67.1625.9

7.69.87.3625.7

Unemployment rate, white women

7.07.58.86.76.6

6.77.88.76.86.3

6.67.88.46.76.5

6.78.28.26.76.5

6.88.18.26.56.5

6.78.18.56.46.5

6.88.47.76.46.4

6.58.27.66.66.2

7.08.47.46.56.4

7.18.67.16.66.2

7.49.17.06.36.1

7.59.36.96.36.1

Unemployment rate, white workers, 16 to 19 years

16.719.720.416315.7

17.220.020.216715.4

16.819.021.116915.1

16.720.420.516515.2

17.119.819.816.116.0

17.520.120.515916.0

16.420.819.215016.1

16.120.519.515.915.2

17.520.718.116515.3

17.521.118.115.717.0

19.021.317.215.215.5

18.821.416.815.815.9

Unemployment rate, white men, 16 to 19 years

17.520 821.518.016.1

18.220 721.616.716.8

17.820 322.817.515.6

17.021.921.717.115.7

17.621 020.416.816.7

18.522.020.616.616.7

16.522 319.817.017.1

16.622.120.716.217.2

17.622 118.817.216.2

17.522.219.316.318.5

19.622.717.816.415.8

20.122 717.516.316.2

Unemployment rate, white women, 16 to 19 years

15.718419.114.515.3

16.119.318.616.714.0

15.717.519.216.314.7

16.218.819.115.814.5

16.518.619.315.315.1

16.418.220.415.215.2

16.319.218.612.815.0

15.618.818.315.613.0

17.319.117.415.714.4

17.519.916.815.015.3

18.319716.713.815.1

17.420 016.015.215.5

168




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

198119821983 . . .19841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

5.76.58.26.15.7

5.56.68.46.35.5

6.06.47.86.05.9

14.617.221 117.215.1

14.6'18.222.317.215.3

14.516.119.917.114.8

40.742.846.447 041.5

44 039.747 045.543.9

36 646.345 648.838.9

February

5.66.78.46.05.5

5.56.88.86.15.4

5.76.77.85.95.7

14.717.619916.216.0

14.618.721.216.616.2

14.816.518.615.815.8

39.444.046.142 842.1

39 943.146.746.040.9

38.945.045.439.343.3

March

5.57.08.15.95.6

5.47.18.65.95.4

5.66.97.45.95.9

15.118.120.116.615.2

14.319.020.917.315.4

15.917.219.215.915.0

40.547.144.546 341.5

35 548.746.044.441.1

45.745.342.848.641.9

April

5.47.28.05.95.6

5.27.38.65.95.4

5.77.17.25.95.8

14.718.220.416.615.2

14.619.021.617.415.3

14.717.419.215.715.0

40.648.149.144 739.3

42.449.449.443.839.4

38.546.548.745.839.3

May June July

Unemployment rate, white workers,

5.67.38.05.75.5

5.57.57.85.55.7

Unemployment rate,

5.57.48.65.75.2

5.47.88.05.45.7

5.47.77.35.65.6

August

20 years and over

5.47.77.25.75.5

white men, 20 years and over

5.18.17.75.55.6

Unemployment rate, white women,

5.87.17.25.85.8

14.818.520.315.815.4

14.919.321.916.115.3

14.817.618.715.515.5

5.77.17.45.65.8

5.87.36.75.85.7

5.38.17.75.55.3

20 years and over

5.67.26.65.85.7

Jnemployment rate, black workers

15.718.620.815.614.4

15.018.819.416.615.0

16.318.819.615.914.1

Unemployment rate, black men

15.819.821.616.614.5

15.119.520.617.515.1

16.519.720.916.113.7

Unemployment rate, black women

15.617.419.914.614.4

Unemployment rate,

36.649.848.744 340.4

41.052.952.538.339.5

Unemployment ratf

36.649.353.042.039.3

40.157.752.838.541.0

Unemployment rate,

36.650.343.647.341.5

41.947.652.138.137.8

14.818.018.115.714.9

16.117.918.315.714.5

black workers, 16 to 19 years

39.049.648.542 341.2

3, black men,

41.549.348.342.443.1

black womer

36.049.948.642.239.0

47.349.651.642 035.3

16 to 19 years

48.247.854.441J34.9

, 16 to 19 years

46.251.548.442.835.9

September

5.68.07.25.65.4

5.48.57.65.55.2

5.97.46.65.75.7

15.919.718815.015.2

15.721.619.615.515.4

16.117.818.014.514.9

39.747.951.242.238.8

36.349.853.640.841.1

43.445.748.743.836.1

October

5.98.26.85.65.3

5.88.77.25.45.2

6.17.66.35.95.5

16.720.118 115.314.9

16.621.918.115.515.8

16.718.318.115.013.9

45.847.448.640 539.7

41.748.844.243.941.0

49.945.853.636.838.2

November

6.28.66.65.55.2

6.19.06.95.45.2

6.38.16.25.75.4

16.820.317514.915.6

17.521.917.614.716.0

16.018.617.415.215.2

43.649.546.741 140.8

41.152.644.141.245.2

46.446.149.941.136.0

December

6.58.66.35.55.2

6.68.86.55.55.1

6.58.36.15.65.4

17.220.917815.114.9

18.022.917.215.615.3

16.318.718.314.614.5

41.748.047.441 441.6

39 250.944.843.541.0

44.644.750.138.942.3

169




(Percent)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982 . .198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . . ..1982198319841985

1981 .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

January

12.115.119.215.013.0

February

12.615.418.014.313.9

March

12.915.818.314.513.1

April

12.316.018.314.513.3

May June July August September

Unemployment rate, black workers, 20 years and over

13.016.018.213.813.4

13.616.218.213.912.6

13.016.417.214.712.9

13.816.417.214.012.5

14.017.516.412.913.4

October

14.218.015.913.412.9

November

14.618.015.313.013.7

December

15.218.815.613.212.9

Unemployment rate, black men, 20 years and over

11.616.520.315.212.9

12.613.718.114.913.0

12.216.519.214.414.2

12.914216.714.213.7

12.516.519.015.213.3

13.315.017.613.813.0

11.916.519.515.413.3

12.715.417.013.613.2

12.916.819.514.113.4

13.717.018.914.912.5

12.917.218.415.612.8

13.817.418.214.211.9

14.019.317.013.513.3

Unemployment rate, black women, 20 years and over

13.015.216.913.513.5

13.515.317.412.812.7

13.215.716.013.713.1

13.915316.213.713.1

14.015715.812.413.5

14.619.716.213.313.7

13.916215.713.412.1

15.519.415.612.613.7

13.616.515.113.413.6

16.120.715.213.413.1

14.216716.013.012.6

Unemployment rate, Hispanic-origin workers

10.611.815.311.410.6

7.28.4

10.37.87.0

11.312.215.710.610.0

7.28.6

10.47.57.0

10.212.215.511.510.3

7.18.9

10.37.56.9

9.512.914.811.610.4

6.99.1

10.1756.9

10.013.814.010.610.6

10.313.714.210.310.6

Unemployment rat

7.19.3

10.07.26.9

7.29.59.86.76.9

10.014.112.310.310.9

10.014.813.010.710.4

e, full-time workers

7.09.69.37.17.0

7.09.79.37.16.8

9.614.513.010.610.4

7.310.19.07.06.8

10.715.012.110.811.1

7.610.58.77 16.8

11.215.312.310.210.7

8.010.78.26.96.7

11.715.711.610.410.4

8.410.78.0696.6

Unemployment rate, full-time workers, 16 to 19 years

20.924.325.720.720.4

20.324.326.420.320.0

20 924.726.021.518.9

20 524.826.221 718.5

20 925.924.620 419.3

22.128.325.316.917.9

20 627.025.919.220.7

19627.126.420.519.7

21.127.323.820.820.0

21 926.323.519.821.3

22.427.021.420.620.1

24.126.220.920.620.2

Unemployment rate, full-time workers, men, 20 years and over

6.07.6967.16.2

707.594736.7

6.07.6996.96.2

7.07.99.47 16.9

6.07.9976.86.2

688.39.3726.7

5.88.2976.86.2

618.3976.56.0

Unemployment rat

6.78.68.97 16.8

6.98.58.8706.8

6.28.89.16.26.3

5.89.08.86.46.2

6.09.08.76.45.9

6.19.58.56.36.0

3, full-time workers, women, 20 years and over

6.78.58.96.56.6

6.98.68.36.96.8

6.78.78.26.96.7

7.28.88.1666.7

6.69.98.16.26.0

7.49.37.87 16.4

7.010.07.86.16.0

7.69.77.46.66.5

7.510.17.46.25.8

799.77.4666.3

Unemployment rate, part-time workers

939.8

10.9949.3

9010.610.39.58.8

9.210.110.79.39.5

9.110.810.69.29.7

9.410.310.89.2

10.0

9.09.4

11.39.79.5

9.211.210.19.59.4

9.710.410.19.69.0

9.710.610.19.49.3

9.710.49.99.09.6

10.211.39.98.98.8

9 111.210.0909.0

170




(Percent)

Year

1981198219831984 .1985

19811982198319841985 .. ..

19811982198319841985

January

17.219.520.518.317.3

7.87.19.38.37.4

February

18.020.418.318.116.6

6.98.59.48.37.4

March

17.618.820.618.117.7

6.79.78.98.07.1

April May

Unemployment rate

17.420.820.617.617.7

17.419.520.917.418.3

June July August September

, part-time workers, both sexes, 16 to 19 years

16.617.121.818.517.6

16.320.719.117.318.1

Unemployment rate, part-time workers, men,

6.49.49.17.98.5

8.58.39.08.18.3

6.06.98.68.77.8

7.88.28.97.97.6

17.820.219.717.716.5

18.320.019.717.816.6

20 years and over

8.68.98.47.97.6

8.29.18.97.47.1

October

18.520.618.816.918.2

8.08.08.87.67.6

November

20.521.519.114.916.8

8.29.98.37.96.8

December

17.521.618.616.717.5

8.69.28.27.96.9

Unemployment rate, part-time workers, women, 20 years and over

5.76.27.05.86.6

5.06.67.26.25.9

5.86.36.95.96.7

5.86.66.66.06.6

5.86.77.05.86.9

6.26.57.56.26.7

6.37.96.46.56.2

6.26.46.56.56.3

6.16.76.26.46.9

6.06.66.46.16.6

5.87.06.46.76.1

5.37.26.76.16.2

171



10. Unemployment rates for wage and salary workers by industry

(Percents)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981 . .1982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985 . .

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

1981198219831984 . .. .1985


Unemployment rate, total wage and salary workers

7.18.2

10.17.66.9

10.814.915.415.115.4

7.18.5

10.17.46.9

12.413.416.414.013.6

7.08.7

10.17.36.8

12.113.916.115.012.5

6.89.19.97.36.8

7.29.29.97.06.8

Unemployment rate, v

9.514.717.412.713.2

10.918.117.114.211.9

7.09.39.56.76.9

6.99.59.07.06.9

vage and salary workers ir

12.615.317.412.612.5

11.414.714.614.014.0

7.09.49.17.06.7

7.39.78.76.96.8

agricultural industries

12.414.915.312.914.0

11.713.516.014.213.3

7.610.08.46.96.7

13.312.515.813.412.9

7.910.48.06.86.6

13.815.515.311.012.5

8.310.57.96.96.5

14.016.315.712.710.6

Unemployment rate, wage and salary workers in nonagricultural industries

7.08.1

10.07.46.8

4.44.7564.94.1

768.8

10.97.97.3

7.08.4

10.07.36.7

4.25.0584.64.0

769.1

10.97.87.3

6.98.69.97.16.7

4.54.75.84.54.0

749.4

10.87.77.2

6.89.09.87.26.7

7.19.19.86.96.7

Unemployment rate,

4.55.05.94.53.9

4.64.85.64.83.9

7.09.29.36.66.8

6.99.48.96.96.8

6.99.38.96.96.6

7.29.68.56.86.7

government workers in nonagricultural industries

4.74.85.34.33.9

4.64.75.34.44.0

Jnemployment rate, private wage and salary workers

7.39.8

10.67.87.3

7.69.9

10.67.37.2

7.410.010.17.07.3

7.310.39.77.47.3

4.74.85.14.33.9

4.84.9494.53.8

in nonagricultural industries

7.410.29.77.47.1

1.710.69.27.27.2

7.59.98.36.76.6

4.85.0494.43.9

8010.98.97.27.1

7.810.37.96.76.5

5.35.3484.33.6

8311.48.57.27.0

8.210.47.76.76.4

5.05.1484.33.8

8 911.48.37.26.9

Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in mining

6.88.3

18.111 410.3

6.285

18.711 910.8

4.493

18.610610.9

5.010519.999

10.6

6.011.220.9

897.5

5.513.918.474

10.9

5.915917.2799.9

6.316.215.41098.6

5.017.616.58.38.9

6.918.311.810.97.7

7.417.712.611.57.3

7.518.112.210210.3

Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in construction

13.718.820.415.213.5

8410.3130827.6

8310.914.78 17.2

13.818.419.715.013.4

8510.6133777.6

8.611.314.8767.3

14.918.220.513.613.3

8210.812.97.67.7

8.110.914.27.77.5

14.519.320.214.413.3

15.919.120.815.611.0

Unemployment rate,

7711.412.47.67.9

7.811.612.57.27.8

Unemployment rate,

7.612.013.67.47.7

7.412.313.57.17.8

16.319.518.114.513.5

15.320.417.814.613.4

16.120.317.914.113.1

15.821.617.813.613.6

Drivate wage and salary workers in manufacturing

7.512.411.67.37.7

7.512.410.77.57.9

7.312.411.17.37.8

7.913.610.07.37.7

Drivate wage and salary workers in durable goods

7.113.312.47.17.9

7.413.311.56.87.9

6.813.511.66.87.9

7.714.710.76.97.7

17.422.615.713.513.5

8.513.89.57.37.5

8.315.610.16.97.3

17.621.715.214.013.4

9.314.58.97.27.7

9216.79.0707.6

17.621.416.213.612.6

10.514.38.47.37.3

11 116.28.4737.3

Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in nondurable goods

8.59.5

1048.58.0

8.49.5

11.27.98.0

8.210.611.17.48.1

7.810.510.77.98.2

8.510.610.97.47.8

7.911.110.57.67.5

7.711.19.68.57.9

8.010.810.38.17.6

8.111.88.98.07.8

8.711.38.67.87.8

9.311.38.77.47.8

9.711.685757.3

172



10. Unemployment rates for wage and salary workers by industry—Continued

(Percents)

Year

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985

19811982198319841985


Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in transportation and public utilities

5.46.28.05.35.1

5.45.88.05.85.4

6.56.08.35.54.7

5.46.87.85.55.4

5.76.67.45.65.2

4.96.97.95.35.3

4.56.77.05.85.7

4.76.87.66.14.5

4.36.96.95.75.3

4.67.77.15.35.1

5.38.26.55.25.1

5.97.96.45.15.0

Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in wholesale and retail trade

7.88.8

1098.47.7

7.89.1

1098.37.7

7.49.9

1098.37.5

7.410.010.58.87.4

8.210.410.27.97.8

7.89.8

10.37.37.7

7.910.59.87.87.6

8.010.0987.77.7

8.69.9937.97.8

8.410.2967.87.7

8.710.6927.67.5

8.911.0877.57.6

Unemployment rate, private wage and salary workers in finance and service industries

5.85.97.66.25.9

5.96.67.46.35.7

5.66.87.26.35.7

5.87.07.46.15.7

5.86.87.55.66.1

5.96.97.35.45.7

5.76.97.35.95.6

5.76.97.16.05.5

6.16.97.05.65.5

6.27.16.95.75.4

6.17.76.75.85.4

6.37.96.55.95.3

173


Explanatory Notes

Introduction

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from twomajor sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2)reports from employers.

Data based on household interviews are obtainedfrom a sample survey of the population 16 years of ageand over. The survey is conducted each month by theBureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statisticsand provides comprehensive data on the labor force, theemployed, and the unemployed, including suchcharacteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.The survey also provides data on the characteristics andpast work experience of those not in the labor force.The information is collected by trained interviewers fora sample of about 59,500 households, representing 729areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, withcoverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. Thedata collected are based on the activity or statusreported for the calendar week including the 12th of themonth.

Data based on establishment records are compiledeach month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau ofLabor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. Theestablishment survey is designed to provide industry in-formation on nonagricultural wage and salary employ-ment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings,and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, andmetropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earn-ings series are currently based on payroll reports from asample of over 200,000 establishments employing over35 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, whoreceived pay during the payroll period which includesthe 12th day of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD ANDESTABLISHMENT SERIES

The household and establishment data supplementone another, each providing significant types of infor-mation that the other cannot suitably supply. Popula-tion characteristics, for example, are readily obtainedonly from the household survey whereas detailed in-dustrial classifications can be reliably derived only fromestablishment reports.

Data from these two sources differ from each other

because of differences in definitions and coverage,sources of information, methods of collection, andestimating procedures. Sampling variability andresponse errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.The major factors which have a differential effect onthe levels and trends of the two series are as follows.

Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employ-ment comprises wage and salary workers (includingdomestics and other private household workers), self-employed persons, unpaid workers who worked 15hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members of the Armed Forcesstationed in the United States. Civilian employment inboth agricultural and nonagricultural industries is in-cluded. The payroll survey covers only wage and salaryemployees on the payrolls of nonagriculturalestablishments.

Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides in-formation on the work status of the population withoutduplication, since each person is classified as employed,unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed per-sons holding more than one job are counted only onceand are classified according the job at which they work-ed the greatest number of hours during the survey week.In the figures based on establishment reports, personswho worked in more than one establishment during thereporting period are counted each time their names ap-pear on payrolls.

Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey in-cludes among the employed all civilians who had jobsbut were not at work during the survey week—that is,were not working but had jobs from which they weretemporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,vacation, labor-management disputes, or because theywere taking time off for various other reasons, even ifthey were not paid by their employers for the time off.In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leavepaid for by the company are included, but not those onleave without pay for the entire payroll period.

For a comprehensive discussion of the differencesbetween household and establishment survey employ-ment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "ComparingEmployment Estimates From Household and PayrollSurveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969.

174


Hours of workThe household survey measures hours actually work-

ed whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid forby employers. In the household survey data, all personswith a job but not at work are excluded from the hoursdistributions and the computations of average hours. Inthe payroll survey, production or nonsupervisoryemployees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sickleave are included and assigned the number of hours forwhich they were paid during the reporting period.

EarningsThe household survey measures median earnings of

wage and salary workers in all occupations and in-dustries in both the private and public sectors. Datarefer to the usual earnings received from the worker'ssole or primary job. Data from the establishment surveygenerally refer to average earnings of production andrelated workers in mining and manufacturing, construc-tion workers in construction, and nonsupervisoryemployees in private service-producing industries. For acomprehensive discussion of the household survey earn-ings series, see Technical Description of the QuarterlyData on Weekly Earnings from the Current PopulationSurvey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATAWITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed totalfrom the household survey includes all persons who didnot have a job at all during the survey week and werelooking for work or were waiting to be called back to ajob from, which they had been laid off, whether or notthey were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figureson unemployment insurance claims, prepared by theEmployment and Training Administration of theDepartment of Labor, exclude persons who have ex-hausted their benefit rights, new workers who have notearned rights to unemployment insurance, and personslosing jobs not covered by unemployment insurancesystems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services,and religious organizations, and self-employed and un-paid family workers). Beginning in January 1978,coverage was extended to include domestic workerswhose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in anycalendar quarter, agricultural employees whoseemployers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks orpaid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendarquarter, and almost all State and local governmentemployees.

In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemploy-ment compensation differ from the definition ofunemployment used in the household survey. For exam-ple, persons with a job but not at work and personsworking only a few hours during the week are

sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation butare classified as employed rather than unemployed inthe household survey.

For an examination of the similarities and differencesbetween State insured unemployment and totalunemployment, see "Measuring Total and State InsuredUnemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Agricultural employment estimates of the Departmentof Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage arethe inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics andStatistics Service series and the treatment of dualjobholders, who are counted more than once if theywork on more than one farm during the reportingperiod. There are also wide differences in samplingtechniques and collecting and estimating methods,which cannot be readily measured in terms of their im-pact on differences in the levels and trends of the twoseries.

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOY-MENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of theCensus, BLS establishment statistics on employment dif-fer from employment counts derived by the Bureau ofCensus from its censuses or sample surveys of manufac-turing and business establishments. The major reasonsfor noncomparability are different treatment ofbusiness units considered parts of an establishment,such as central administrative offices and auxiliaryunits, the industrial classification of establishments, anddifferent reporting patterns by multiunit companies.There are also differences in the scope of the industriescovered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes profes-sional services, public utilities, and financialestablishments, whereas these are included in the BLSstatistics.

County Business Patterns. Data in County BusinessPatterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census,U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLSestablishment statistics in the treatment of central ad-ministrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences mayalso arise because of industrial classification and repor-ting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstaterailroads and government, and coverage is incompletefor some of the nonprofit activities.

Employment covered by State unemployment insuranceprograms. Most nonagricultural wage and salaryworkers are covered by the unemployment insuranceprograms. However, certain activities, such as interstaterailroads, parochial schools, and churches are notcovered by unemployment insurance whereas these areincluded in the BLS establishment statistics.

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Household Data(A tables)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGEStatistics on the employment status of the population,

the personal, occupational, and other characteristics ofthe employed, the unemployed, and persons not in thelabor force, and related data are compiled for the BLSbythe Bureau of the Census in its Current PopulationSurvey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey ap-pears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor ForceStatistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,BLS Report 463. Historical national data are publishedin Labor Force Statistics Derived From the CurrentPopulation Survey: A Da taboo k, BLS Bulletin 2096.

These monthly surveys of the population are con-ducted with a scientifically selected sample designed torepresent the civilian noninstitutional population.Respondents are interviewed to obtain informationabout the employment status of each member of thehousehold 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relatesto activity or status during the calendar week, Sundaythrough Saturday, which includes the 12th of themonth. This is known as the survey week. Actual fieldinterviewing is conducted in the following week.

Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years ofage are not covered in the regular monthly enumera-tions, and are excluded from the population and laborforce statistics shown in this report. Data on themembers of the Armed Forces stationed in the UnitedStates, who are included as part of the categories"noninstitutional population," "labor force," and"total employment." are obtained from the Depart-ment of Defense.

Each month about 59,500 occupied units are eligiblefor interview. About 2,500 of these households arevisited but interviews are not obtained because the oc-cupants are not at home after repeated calls or areunavailable for other reasons. This represents anoninterview rate for the survey of between 4 or 5 per-cent. In addition to the 59,500 occupied units, there are11,000 sample units in an average month which arevisited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to beenumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sam-ple to be common from 1 month to the next and onehalf to be common with the same month a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONSThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force

data have been modified, but not substantially altered,since the inception of the survey in 1940; those usedsince 1967 are as follows:

Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during thesurvey week, did any work at all as paid employees, intheir own business, profession, or on their own farm, orwho worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in anenterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b)all those who were not working but who had jobs orbusinesses from which they were temporarily absentbecause of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons, whetherthey were paid for the time off or were seeking otherjobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States are also included in the employed total.

Each employed person is counted only once. Thosewho held more than one job are counted in the job atwhich they worked the greatest number of hours duringthe survey week.

Included in the total are employed citizens of foreigncountries who are temporarily in the United States butnot living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded arepersons whose only activity consisted of work aroundthe house (painting, repairing, or own homehousework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,and similar organizations.

Unemployed persons are all civilians who had noemployment during the survey week, were available forwork, except for temporary illness, and had madespecific efforts to find employment sometime duringthe prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to berecalled to a job from which they had laid off or werewaiting to report to a new job within 30 days need notbe looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Duration of unemployment represents the length oftime (through the current survey week) during whichpersons classified as unemployed had been continuouslylooking for work. For persons on layoff, duration ofunemployment represents the number of full weekssince the termination of their most recent employment.A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person wasemployed or ceased looking for work is considered tobreak the continuity of the present period of seekingwork. Measurements of mean and median duration arecomputed from a distribution of single weeks ofunemployment.

Unemployment is also categorized according to thestatus of individuals at the time they began to look forwork. The reasons for unemployment are divided intofour major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whoseemployment ended involuntarily who immediatelybegan looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Jobleavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated

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their employment voluntarily and immediately beganlooking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons whopreviously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks orlonger but were out of the labor force prior to beginningto look for work. (4) New entrants are persons whonever worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks orlonger. Each of these four categories of the unemployedmay be expressed as an unemployment rate or propor-tion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of thefour rates thus equals the unemployment rate for allcivilian workers.

Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who madespecific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-weekperiod preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not in-clude those persons unemployed because they (a) werewaiting to be called back to a job from which they hadbeen laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new jobwithin 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methodsused to seek work, including going to a public or privateemployment agency or to an employer directly, seekingassistance from friends or relatives, placing or answer-ing ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples ofthe "other" category include being on a union or pro-fessional register, obtaining assistance from a communi-ty organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickuppoint.

The civilian labor force comprises all civiliansclassified as employed or unemployed in accordancewith the criteria described above. The labor force alsoincludes members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States.

The overall unemployment rate represents thenumber unemployed as a percent of the labor force, in-cluding members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States.

The unemployment rate for all civilian workersrepresents the number unemployed as a percent of thecivilian labor force. This measure can also be computedfor groups within the labor force classified by sex, age,race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.

Participation rates represent the proportion of thepopulation that is in the labor force. The labor forceparticipation rate is the ratio of the labor force, in-cluding the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitu-tional population. The civilian labor force participationrate is the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civiliannoninstitutional population. Civilian labor force par-ticipation rates are usually published for sex-age groups,often cross-classified by other demographiccharacteristics such as race and educational attainment.

Employment-population ratios represent the propor-tion of the noninstitutional population that isemployed. The total employment-population ratio istotal employment, including the resident Armed Forces,

as a percent of the noninstitutional population. Thecivilian employment-population ratio is the percentageof all employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation.

Not in the labor force includes all persons who are notclassified as employed or unemployed. These personsare further classified as engaged in own homehousework, in school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The"other" group includes individuals reported as too oldor temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle,seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in anoff season and who were not reported as looking forwork, and persons who did not look for work becausethey believed that no jobs were available in the area orthat no jobs were available for which they couldqualify—discouraged workers. Persons doing only in-cidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in thespecified week) are also classified as not in labor force.

For persons not in the labor force, data on previouswork experience, intentions to seek work, desire for ajob at the time of interview, and reasons for not lookingfor work are published on a quarterly basis. As ofJanuary 1970, the detailed questions for persons not inthe labor force are asked only in those households thatare in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e.,the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in thesample for 3 previous months and would not be in forthe subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969 thesequestions were asked in those households entering thesample for the first time and those returning for the se-cond 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"groups.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker for theemployed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per-sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job atwhich they worked the greatest number of hours duringthe survey week. The unemployed are classified accord-ing to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more.The classifications of occupations and industries used indata derived from the CPS are defined as in the 1980 cen-sus. Information on the detailed categories included inthese groups is available upon request.

The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage andsalary workers subdivided into private and governmentworkers; self-employed workers; and unpaid familyworkers. Wage and salary workers receive wages,salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a privateemployer or from a government unit. Self-employedpersons are those who work for profit or fees in theirown business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm.Unpaid family workers are persons working withoutpay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in abusiness operated by a member of the household to

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whom they are related by birth or marriage.Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number

of hours worked during the survey week. For example,persons who normally work 40 hours a week but wereoff on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported asworking 32 hours even though they were paid for theholiday. For persons working in more than one job, thefigures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobsduring the week; all the hours are credited to the majorjob.

Persons who worked 35 hours or more during thesurvey week are designated as working full time. Per-sons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designatedas working part time. Part-time workers are classifiedby their usual status at their present job (either full orpart time) and by their reason for working part timeduring the survey week (economic or noneconomicreasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work,material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, startor termination of a job during the week, and inability tofind full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,demands of home or school, no desire for full-timework, and full-time worker only during peak season.Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition tothose working 35 hours or more, those who workedfrom 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usuallywork full time.

Data on employment "at work" differ from data ontotal employment because they exclude persons in thezero-hours-worked category, "with a job but not atwork." These are persons who were absent from theirjobs for the entire week for such reasons as badweather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labordispute.

Employed persons are also categorized into full- andpart-time groupings based primarily on their usualstatus. In this context, full-time workers are those who(a) worked 35 hours or more during the survey week, (b)worked 1 to 34 hours for economic or noneconomicreasons, but usually work full time, and (c) were with ajob but not at work and usually work full time. Similar-ly, part-time workers are those who (a) voluntarilyworked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week, (b) work-ed 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually workpart time, i.e., persons who could only find part-timework; and (c) were with a job but at work and usuallywork part time.

Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workersare calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor force which are based on the type ofjob—full or part-time—that persons—whether workingor unemployed—report that they want. The "full-timelabor force" includes all persons working part time butwho desire full-time work, that is, working part time foreconomic reasons. Thus, this category consists of per-

sons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarilyworking part time regardless of their usual status; andunemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "part-time labor force" consists of persons working part timevoluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-timework. Employed persons with a job but not at work aredistributed according to whether they usually work onfull-time or voluntary part-time schedules.

Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hourslost to the economy through unemployment and in-voluntary part-time employment and is expressed as apercent of potentially available aggregate hours. It iscomputed by assuming that; (1) unemployed personslooking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,(2) those looking for part-time work lost the averagenumber of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons onpart time for economic reasons lost the difference be-tween 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours theyworked.

White, black, and other are terms used to describe therace of workers. Included in the "other" group areAmerican Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians andPacific Islanders. All tables in this publication whichcontain racial data, with the exception of A-5 and its an-nual counterpart, present data for the black populationgroup. Because of their relatively small sample size,data for "other" races are not published. In theenumeration process, race is determined by thehousehold respondent.

Hispanic origin refers to persons who identifiedthemselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central orSouth American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thusthey are included in both the white and black populationgroups.

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in theArmed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in thecivilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in in-stitutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans aremen who never served in the Armed Forces.

Usual weekly earnings data are provided fromresponses to the question "How much does .. .USUAL-LY earn per week at this job before deductions?" In-cluded are any overtime pay, commissions, or tipsusually received. The term "usual" is as perceived bythe respondent. If the respondent asks for a definitionof usual, interviewers are instructed to define the termas more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (ex-cluding the incorporated self-employed) who usuallywork full time on their sole or primary job.

Median earnings indicate the value which divides theearnings distribution into two equal parts, one part hav-

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ing values above the median and the other having valuesbelow the median. The medians as shown in thispublication are calculated by linear interpolation of the$50 centered interval within which each median falls.

Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by theConsumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers(CPI-U).

Single, never married; married, spouse present; andother marital status are terms used to define the maritalstatus of individuals at the time of interview. Married,spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both werereported as members of the same household eventhough one may be temporarily absent on business,vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other maritalstatus applies to persons who are married, spouse ab-sent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, in-cludes persons who are separated because of maritaldiscord, as well as persons who are living apart becauseeither the husband or the wife was employed and livingaway from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had adifferent place of residence for any reason.

A household consists of all persons—related familymembers and all unrelated persons—who occupy ahousing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms,or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when oc-cupied or intended for occupancy as separate livingquarters.

A householder is the person (or one of the persons) inwhose name the housing unit is owned or rented. Theterm is never applied to either husbands or wives inmarried-couple families but relates only to persons infamilies maintained by either men or women without aspouse.

Family refers to a group of two or more personsresiding together who are related by birth, marriage, oradoption; all such persons are considered as members ofone family even though they may include a related sub-family, that is, a married couple or a parent-child grouprelated by birth or marriage to the householder andsharing the living quarters. The count of families used inthis publication excludes unrelated subfamilies such aslodgers, guests, or resident employees living in ahousehold but not related to the householder. Familiesare classified either as married-couple families or asfamilies maintained by women or men without spouses.A family maintained by a woman or a man is one inwhich the householder is either single, widowed, di-vorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earningsof families exclude all those in which there is no wage orsalary earner or in which the husband, wife, or otherpersons maintaining the family is either self-employedor in the Armed Forces.

Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts intracted areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in un-tracted areas, in which 20 percent or more of thenoninstitutional residents were poor according to the

1980 decennial census. Persons were classified as pooror nonpoor by comparing money income to a series ofpoverty income thresholds which vary by family sizeand number of children. While poverty areas have asubstantial concentration of low-income residents,many poor persons live outside these areas, and, con-versely, the areas include many people who are notpoor.' The metropolitan areas classification consists of the

toal of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) asdefined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)as of June 30, 1984. These definitions differ from thoseused in the 1980 decennial census. A detailed discussionof the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminologycan be found in "The New Metropolitan Area Defini-tions" section of the 1980 Census of Population Sup-plementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas,PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the totalterritory outside MSA'S.

The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and inplaces of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanizedareas. More specifically, the urban population consistsof all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more in-habitants incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (ex-cept in Alaska and New York), and towns (except in theNew England States, New York, and Wisconsin), butexcluding those persons living in the rural portions ofextended cities; (2) other territories, incorporated andunincorporated, included in urbanized areas. Thepopulation not classified as urban constitutes the ruralpopulation.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Change in lower age limitThe lower age limit for official statistics on the labor

force, employment, and unemployment was raised from14 to 16 years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possi-ble, historical series have been revised to provide consis-tent information based on the population 16 years andover. For a detailed discussion of this and other defini-tional changes introduced at that time, includingestimates of their effect on the various series, see "NewDefinitions for Employment and Unemployment,"Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on theLabor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levelsIn addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there

are several other periods of noncomparability in thelabor force data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of in-troducing data from the 1950 census into the estimatingprocedures, population levels were raised by about600,000; labor force, total employment, andagricultural employment were increased by about

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350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals andmen; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaiiresulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the popula-tion and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths ofthis increase was in nonagricultural employment; otherlabor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3)Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 andlabor force and employment by about 200,000;unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4)Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 censuswas introduced into the estimation procedures, increas-ing the population by about 800,000; labor force andemployment totals were raised by a little more than300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essen-tially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjust-ment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March1973. This adjustment, which affected the white andblack-and-other groups but had little effect on totals,resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the whitepopulation and an increase of the same magnitude in theblack-and-other population. Civilian labor force andtotal employment figures were affected to a lesserdegree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,and the black-and-other labor force rose by about210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were notsignificantly affected.

In addition, beginning in January 1974, themethodology used to prepare independent estimates ofthe civilian noninstitutional population was modified toan inflation-deflation approach. This change in thederivation of the estimates had its greatest impact onestimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—particularly thoseof the black-and-other population—but had little effecton'estimates of the total population 16 years and over.Additional information on the adjustment procedureappears in "CPS Population Controls Derived fromInflation-Deflation Method of Estimation", in theFebruary 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings,

Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigrationof Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the totaland black-and-other independent population controlsfor persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by76,000—30,000 men and 46,000 women. The additionof the refugees increased the black-and-other popula-tion by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and allof the changes were in the other population.

Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an ex-pansion in the sample and revisions in the estimationprocedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 inthe civilian labor force and employment totals;unemployment levels and rates were essentially un-changed. An explanation of the procedural changes andan indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in

the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in theFebruary 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings. (

Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individualwas determined by the household respondent for the in-coming rotation group households, rather than by theinterviewer as before. The purpose of this change was toprovide more accurate estimates of characteristics byrace. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the samplehouseholds had race determined by the householdrespondent and seven-eighths of the sample householdshad race determined by interviewer observation. It wasnot until January 1980 that the entire sample had racedetermined by the household respondent. The new pro-cedure had no significant effect on the estimates.

Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratioestimation method was changed in the CPS estimationprocedure. Differences between the old and new pro-cedures existed only for metropolitan andnonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total UnitedStates. The reasoning behind the change and an indica-tion of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Cur-rent Population Survey in January 1979" in theFebruary 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio ad-justment methodology was changed in the CPS estima-tion procedure. The purpose of the change and an in-dication of its effect on national estimates of labor forcecharacteristics appear in "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1982" in theFebruary 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. Inaddition, current population estimates used in thesecond-stage estimation procedure are derived from in-formation obtained from the 1980 census, rather thanthe 1970 census. This change caused substantial in-creases in total population and estimates of persons inall labor force categories. Rates for labor forcecharacteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged.Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustmentprocedure used is also described in the February 1982article cited above. The revisions did not, however,smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972and 1979 that are described above, and data usersshould make allowances for them in making certaindata comparisons.

Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio ad-justment methodology was updated to account forresults obtained from the 1980 census. The purpose ofthe change and an indication of its effect on nationalestimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revi-sions in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings. Inhere were only slight differencesbetween the old and new procedures in estimates oflevels for the various labor force characteristics and vir-

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tually no differences in estimates of participation rates.Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the

CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjust-ment, the first and second-stage ratio adjustments, andthe composite estimator—were revised. These pro-cedures are described in the Estimating Methods sec-tion. A description of the changes and an indication oftheir effect on national estimates of labor forcecharacteristics appear in *'Changes in Estimation Pro-cedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1985" in the February 1985 issue of thispublication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight ef-fect on most estimates. The greatest impact was onestimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Majorestimates were revised back to January 1980.

Beginning in January 1986, the population controlsused in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodologywere revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the numberof undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since1980 and an improved estimate of the number of legalforeign-born emigrants for the same time period. As aresult, the total civilian population and labor forceestimates were raised by nearly 400,000; civilianemployment was increased by about 350,000. TheHispanic-origin civilian population and labor forceestimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,respectively, and civilian employment by 270,000.Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rateswere not significantly affected. Because of themagnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data havebeen revised back to January 1980 to the extent possi-ble. An explanation of the changes and their effect onestimates of labor force characteristics appears in4'Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1986" in theFebruary 1986 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrialclassification systems

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupationalemployment data was affected as a result of changes inthe occupational classification system for the 1970 cen-sus that were introduced into the CPS. Comparabilitywas further affected in December 1971, when a questionrelating to major activity or duties was added to themonthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine moreprecisely the occupational classification of individuals.As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisons ofoccupational employment levels could not be made be-tween 1971-72 and prior years nor between those 2years. Unemployment rates were not significantly af-fected. For a further explanation of the changes in theoccupational classification system, see "Revisions inOccupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisionsin the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971

and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employmentand Earnings.

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and in-dustrial classification systems used in the 1980 censuswere introduced into the CPS. These systems differ fromthose developed for the 1970 census which were used inthe CPS from January 1971 through December 1982.

The 1980 census occupational classification systemevolved from the Standard Occupational Classificationsystem (soc). While the CPS occupational data are nowcomparable with other data sources, the new system isso radically different in concepts and nomenclaturefrom the 1970 system that comparisons of historicaldata are not possible without major adjustments. Forexample, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" issubstantially larger than the 1970 category "salesworkers". Major additions include "cashiers" from"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietorsin retail trade establishments from "managers and ad-ministrators, except farm."

The industrial classification system used in the 1980census is based on the 1972 Standard IndustrialClassification system (sic), as modified in 1977. Theadoption of the new system had much less of an adverseeffect on historical comparability than did the new oc-cupational system. The most notable changes from the1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment storesfrom "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from"public administration" to "transportation", andsome interchange between "professional and relatedservices" and "public administration."

Additional information on the 1980 census occupa-tional and industrial classification systems appears in"Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginningin January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings.

Changes in the sample designSince the inception of the survey, there have been

various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most ofthese changes were made in order to improve the effi-ciency of the sample design and/or to increase thereliability of the sample estimates.

One major change made after every decennial censusis to change the sample design to make use of the recent-ly collected census materials. Also, the number ofsample areas and the number of sample persons are in-creased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation planwas introduced in which a sample unit is interviewed for4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and thenreturns to the sample for another 4 months. WhenAlaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sam-ple areas were added to account for the population inthese States. After the 1960 census, selection of a majorportion of the sample from census address lists was

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begun, though a portion of the sample is still collectedusing area sampling. Following the 1970 census, theultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncon-tiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually con-tiguous cluster of four housing units. In January 1978, asupplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in24 States and the District of Columbia and designed toprovide more reliable annual average estimates forStates, was incorporated into the design. In October1978 a coverage improvement sample, composed of ap-proximately 450 sample household units whichrepresented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and600,000 new construction housing units, was included incomputing the estimates in order to provide coverage ofmobile homes and new construction units that previous-ly had no chance for selection in the CPS sample selectedfrom the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, anothersupplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32States and the District of Columbia was added to the ex-isting sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 unitswas implemented in May 1981. Beginning in January1982, the sample was expanded by 100 households toprovide additional coverage in counties added toSMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.

Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample wasselected based on 1980 census information rather than1970 census information. The selection of new sampleareas provided an opportunity to improve the efficiencyof the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace in-coming sample areas account for only 10 percent of thenational estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted inincreased reliability for State estimates with a slightlyreduced sample size. The reliability of nationalestimates is unaffected. Sample households are chosenfrom 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973geographic areas in the United States. This currentnumber of sample areas is not completely comparable tothe old number of sample areas since many of the sam-ple areas have been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an over-view of these new definitions and the introduction of thenew sample.)

Table A provides a description of some aspects of theCPS sample design in use during the different data col-lection periods. A more detailed account of the historyof the CPS sample design appears in the Current Popula-tion Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical PaperNo. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts andMethods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived Fromthe Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau ofLabor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODSUnder the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of

the results for a given month become availablesimultaneously and are based on returns from the entire

panel of respondents. The estimation procedure in-volves weighting the data from each sample person bythe inverse of the probability of the person being in thesample. This gives a rough measure of the number of ac-tual persons that the sample person represents. Beginn-ing in 1985, almost all sample persons within the sameState will have the same probability of selection. Theseestimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and theratio estimation procedure is applied.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all inter-viewed households are adjusted to the extent needed toaccount for occupied sample households for which noinformation was obtained because of absence, im-passable roads, refusals, or unavailability of therespondents for other reasons. This noninterview ad-justment is made separately by combinations of similarsample areas that are not necessarily contained within aState. Similarity of sample areas is based onMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.Within each combination of sample areas there is a fur-ther breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas arecategorized by central city and the balance of the MSA.Residence categories of non-MSA areas are urban andrural. The proportion of sample households not inter-viewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending onweather, vacation, etc.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the populationselected for the sample may differ somewhat, bychance, from that of the population as a whole, in suchcharacteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Sincethese characteristics are closely correlated with laborforce participation and other principal measurementsmade from the sample, the survey estimates can besubstantially improved when weighted appropriately bythe known distribution of these populationcharacteristics. This is accomplished through two stagesof ratio estimates as follows:

a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion ofthe 729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areasnot in the sample; the remainder of the sample areasrepresent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estima-tion procedure was designed to reduce the portion of thevariance resulting from requiring sample areas to repre-sent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is notapplied to sample areas which represent onlythemselves. The adjustment is made at the State levelfor each of the 43 States which contains nonsampleareas by race cells of black and non-black. The pro-cedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell atthe time of the 1980 census between the race distributionof the population in sample areas and the known racedistribution of the State.

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Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date

Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.Jan. 1978toDec. 1979 .Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 ..May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .Jan. 1985 to present .

Number of sampleareas

68230

13302333357449449461614629629729

Households eligible

Interviewed

21,00021,00033,50033,50033,50048,00045,00045,00053,50062,20057,80057,000

Not interviewed

500-1,000500-1,000

1,5001,5001,5002,0002,0002,0002,5002,8002,5002,500

Households visited butnot eligible

3,000-3,5003,000-3,500

6,0006,0006,0008,5008,0008,000

10,00012,00011,00011,000

1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide cover-age in each State and the District of Columbia.

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sam-ple proportions of persons in specific categories are ad-justed to the distribution of independent currentestimates of the civilian noninstitutional population inthe same categories. The second-stage ratio adjustmentwhich is performed to further reduce variability of theestimates and to correct to some extent for CPS under-cover age relative to the decennial census, is carried outin three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates areadjusted within each State and the District of Columbiato an independent control for the population 16 yearsand over. The second step involves an ad-justment by Hispanic origin to a national estimate for 8age-sex categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In thethird step, a national adjustment is made by the racecategories of white, black, and other races to indepen-dent estimates by age and sex. The white and blackcategories contain 32 age-sex groups each while theother races category has 6 age-sex cells. The entiresecond-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six times,each time beginning at the weights developed theprevious time. This ensures that the sample estimates ofthe population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin categories will be virtually equal to the indepen-dent population control totals. This second-stage ad-justment procedure incorporates changes instituted inJanuary 1985. The nature and effect of these changesare discussed in detail in ''Changes in Estimation Pro-cedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings,

The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation 16 years and over are an arithmetic ex-trapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment ofthe population from the April 1, 1980, census throughthe latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a laststep to a current estimate of the U.S. population of thisgroup. State estimates by age for July 1 are publishedannually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25.For a description of the methodology used in developing

2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska andHawaii after statehood.

the State total, use Report 640 of that series. A descrip-tion of the age estimates methodology is available uponrequest from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S.Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.

Prior to January 1985, there was no separate controlfor Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. TheseHispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimatedHispanic births and immigrants and subtractingestimated Hispanic deaths and emigrants to yield anestimate of the Hispanic population by age and sex.

During the period from January 1982 to December1984, the "inflation-deflation" method was temporari-ly discontinued in the preparation of the independentnational controls used for the age-sex-race groups in thethird step of the second-stage ratio estimation pro-cedure. These controls were prepared by carrying for-ward the 1980 census data after taking account of subse-quent aging of the population, births, deaths, and netmigration and then subtracting the estimate for the in-stitutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning inJanuary 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method ofderiving independent population controls was rein-troduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the"inflation-deflation" method, the independent controlsare prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to in-clude estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, agingthis population forward to each subsequent month andlater age by adding births and net migration, and sub-tracting deaths. These post-censal population estimatesare then deflated to census level to reflect the pattern ofnet undercount in the most recent census by age, sex,and race. Because an estimate of undercount is first ad-ded and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex groupis unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the agestructure of the undercount, but not the level. Thisfeature of the method is important since the exactamount of undercount in the 1980 census remainsunknown.

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Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, andthe estimate date are based on tabulations of vitalstatistics for the resident population made by the Na-tional Center for Health Statistics and data on deaths ofmilitary personnel overseas from the Department ofDefense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are basedon data provided by the Immigration and Naturaliza-tion Service, the Department of Defense, the Office ofPersonnel Management, and the Puerto Rico PlanningBoard. The civilian noninstitutional population is deriv-ed by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institu-tional population for the estimate date from the total in-cluding Armed Forces overseas. The institutionalpopulation is computed by applying institutional pro-portions derived from the 1980 census to the totalpopulation, including Armed Forces overseas for theestimate date. All computations described above areperformed in cells defined by single year of age, race,and sex. The independent national control totals arethen obtained by collapsing these cells into broader agegroups for the population 16 years and older.

Beginning in January 1986, two changes were in-troduced into the estimation of the independent popula-tion controls. For the first time, an explicit allowancefor net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980(the census date) was added to the estimated level oflegal immigration. In addition, an increase in theestimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residentshas been incorporated into the postcensal populationestimates since 1980. The nature and effect of thesechanges are discussed in detail in "Changes in theEstimation Procedure in the Current Population SurveyBeginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issueof Employment and Earnings.

3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statisticsfor a given month, a composite estimating procedure isused which takes account of net changes from theprevious month for continuing parts of the sample (75percent), as well as the sample results for the currentmonth. Also included is an additional term which is anestimate of the net difference between incoming andcontinuing parts of the current month's sample. Almostall estimates of month-to-month change are improvedby this procedure, and most estimates of level are alsoimproved, but to a lesser extent.

Rounding of estimatesThe sums of individual items may not always equal

the totals shown in the same tables because of indepen-dent rounding of totals and components to the nearestthousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions maynot always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Dif-ferences, however, are insignificant.

Reliability of the estimatesThere are two types of errors possible in an estimate

based on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling.The standard errors provided primarily indicate themagnitude of the sampling error. They also partiallymeasure the effect of some nonsampling errors in.response and enumeration but do not measure anysystematic biases in the data.

Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling er-ror is unknown, but special studies have been conductedto quantify some sources of nonsampling error in theCPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling er-ror should be small on estimates of relative change, suchas month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levelswould be more severely affected by the nonsamplingerror.

Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed tomany sources, e.g., inability to obtain informationabout all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties,differences in the interpretation of questions, inabilityor unwillingness of respondents to provide correct in-formation, inability to recall information, errors madein collection such as in recording or coding the data, er-rors made in processing the data, errors made inestimating values for missing data, and failure to repre-sent all sample households and all persons within sam-ple households (undercoverage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phaseof the survey have been studied by means of a reinter-view program. This program is used to estimate varioussources of error as well as to evaluate and control thework of the interviewers. A random sample of each in-terviewer's work is inspected through reinterview atregular intervals. The results indicate, among otherthings, that the data published from the CPS are subjectto moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPSreinterview program and some of the other results maybe found in the Current Population Survey ReinterviewProgram, January 1961 through December 1966.Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce.

The effects of some components of nonsampling er-ror in the CPS data can be examined as a result of therotation plan used for the sample, since the level of theestimates varies by rotation group. A description ofthese effects appears in the "The Effects of RotationGroup Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Bar-bara A. Bailar, Journal of the American StatisticalAssociation, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housingunits and missed persons within sample households.Compared to the level of the decennial census, under-coverage is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPSundercoverage varies with age, sex, race and Hispanicorigin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men thanfor women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics and other

184


races combined than for whites. Ratio estimation to in-dependent age-sex-race-origin population controls, asdescribed previously, partially corrects for the biasesdue to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist inthe estimates to the extent that missed persons in missedhouseholds or missed persons in interviewed householdshave different characteristics than interviewed personsin the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the in-dependent population controls used have not been ad-justed for undercoverage in the 1980 census.

Additional information on nonsampling error in theCPS appears in "An Error Profile: Employment asMeasured by the Current Population Survey," byCamilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical PolicyWorking Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Of-fice of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "TheCurrent Population Survey: An Overview," by MarvinThompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic andSocial Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in TheCurrent Population Survey, Design and Methodology,Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce. This last document includesa comprehensive discussion of various sources of errorand describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Sampling error. The standard error is primarily ameasure of sampling variability, that is, of the variationthat occurs by chance because a sample rather than theentire population is surveyed. The sample estimate andits estimated standard error enable one to construct con-fidence intervals, ranges that would include the averageof all possible samples with a known probability. Forexample, if all possible samples were selected, each ofthese surveyed under essentially the same general condi-tions and using the same sample design, and an estimateand its estimated error were calculated from each sam-ple, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals fromone standard error below the estimate to one standarderror above the estimate would include the averageresult of all possible samples.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errorabove the estimate would include the average of allpossible samples.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errorsabove the estimate would include the average result ofall possible samples.

In order to derive standard errors that would be ap-plicable to a large number of estimates and could beprepared at a moderate cost, a number of approxima-tions are required. First, the standard errors in thisvolume reflect the sample design and estimation pro-cedures in effect prior to the expansions for State

estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightlyoverstate the standard errors applicable to the presentdesign. Second, instead of computing an individualstandard error for each estimate, generalized sets ofstandard errors are computed for various types ofcharacteristics. This generalization yields more stableestimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the setsof standard errors provided give an indication of theorder of magnitude of the standard error of an estimaterather than the precise standard error.

Tables B and C show approximate standard errors formajor employment status characteristics for monthlyestimates and for changes for consecutive months.These standard errors are applicable to the level of theestimates in recent months.

Tables D through H provide generalized standard er-rors for monthly level and month-to-month change forestimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages.Table I contains factors for use with table H for com-puting standard errors, as described below, for monthlylevel and month-to-month change for percentages.Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in.the table may be approximated by linear interpolation.The standard error for estimated changes from onemonth to the next is more closely related to the monthlylevel for the characteristic than to the size of the specificmonth-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use thegeneralized standard errors for month-to-month changeas given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessaryto obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. Itshould be noted that the tables of standard errors formonth-to-month change apply only to estimates ofchange between 2 consecutive months. Estimates ofchange for nonconsecutive months are subject to higherstandard errors. Table J contains factors for use withtables D, F, H, and I to compute approximate stand-ard errors for levels, labor force participation rates, andpercentages as pertaining to the year-to-year change ofmonthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes inquarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes inyearly averages. Note that standard errors for changesin quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to con-secutive quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, thestandard errors must be adjusted due to the differencesin the sample size. For years prior to 1956, the standarderrors should be multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66period, they should be multiplied by 1.22. Table K pro-vides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimatesof persons and families for use with the CPS earningsdata.

Standard errors for estimated totals, fables D and Eprovide generalized standard errors for monthly totalsand for month-to-month change. The figures given inthese tables are to be used for the characteristics as in-dicated.

185


Table B. Standard errors for major employment statuscategories(In thousands)

Employment status, sex,age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Black, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployed .Unemployed

Standard error of—

Monthly

level

Month-to-month

change (con-secutive

months only)

__ _.._j

252270137

15216796

19019083

838658

879566

505745

676743

322730

193205138

13114696

14314786

909764

667169

445148

474946

373132

Illustration. Assume that in a given month the numberof persons working a specific number of hours was12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previousmonth. Linear interpolation in the second column oftable D shows that the standard error on an estimate of12,000,000 is about 159,000. The 68-percent confidenceinterval as shown by these data is from 11,841,000 to12,159,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the averageestimate derived from all possible samples lies within arange computed in this way would be correct forroughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall thatthe standard error of a month-to-month change isprimarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.Thus, using linear interpolation in the first column oftable E, the standard error on a month-to-month changeof 400,000, when the monthly level is approximately12,000,000, is about 118,000.

Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliabili-ty of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimatedpercentage, computed using sample data for bothnumerator and denominator, depends upon both thesize of the rate or percentage and the total upon whichthe rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates andpercentages are relatively more reliable than the cor-responding estimates of the numerator of the rates orpercentages; this is particularly true for percentages of50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages arenot published when the monthly base is less than 75,000,the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or the an-nual average base is less than 35,000.

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates

Characteristic

Total (all civilian workers) .Men, 20 years and over ..Women, 20 years and over .Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .White workers.Black workersMarried men, spouse present...Married women, spouse presentFull-time workers .Part-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over.

Occupation

Executive, administrative, and managerial.Professional specialtyTechnicians and related supportSalesAdministrative support, including clericalPrivate household .Protective serviceService, except private household and

protective

by major characteristics


Monthly level

0.12.16.18.66.12.55.16.22.13.34.07

.25

.20

.49

.31

.261.28.80

.41

Consecutivemonth change

0.12.16.19.78.13.58.17.23.13.42.09

.28

.23

.55

.35

.291.45.90

.46

Characteristic

Occupation—Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair .Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectorsTransportation and material movingHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, andlaborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Industry

Nonagricultural private wage and salaryworkers.

MiningConstruction . .Manufacturing . .

Durable goods . . .Nondurable goods

Transportation, communications, andpublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade .Finance and servicesGovernment workers

Agricultural wage and salary workers.


Monthly level

0.38

.52

.68

.80

.88

.141.47.71.28.35.44

.43

.28

.22

.251.29

Consecutivemonth change

0.42

.59

.78

.931.01

.151.68.81.31.39.50

.48

.31

.24

.281.50

186


Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level

(In thousands)

Estimated monthly level

Characteristic1

Agriculturalemployment

Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data

Total orwhite

BlackTotal or

white, 16 to19 years

Black, 16 to19 years

Total orwhite men

only, orwomen only

Black menonly, or

women only

Unemployment

Total orwhite

Black

501005001,0002,0004,000 .....6,0008,00010,000 ...15,000 ...20,000 ...30,000 ...40,000 ...50,000 ...60,000 ...70,000 ...80,000 ...100,000.120,000.

1419436185

120146

111534486895

116133147177201236261278288293293273231

11153447648494979450

111533466380868370

11152933

101432456387

105120132155170188189175141

61

1014314255665823

101533476693

113129143172195

11163549678899

1 When determining the standard error of an estimate for a groupwhich is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standarderror for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error

on the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, usethe column for total employed.

Tables F and G show generalized standard errors formonthly level and month-to-month change forunemployment rates. Generalized standard errors forestimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained throughthe use of the standard errors in table H and the factorsin table I. First obtain the standard error from table Hfor the specific percentage and base. The generalizedstandard error is then calculated by multiplying thestandard error from table H by the appropriate factorfrom table I. When the numerator and denominator ofthe percentage are in different categories, use the factorindicated by the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration. Assume that in a given month 3.6 percentof a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employedin agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 3.6percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from tableH (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table Ifor the numerator of the percentage, agriculturalemployment, is 1.26. The generalized standard error onthe estimated 3.6 percent is then approximately 0.09 x1.26 = 0.1 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthlyestimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterlyaverages, yearly averages, and changes in yearlyaverages. The approximate standard errors of levels,rates, and percentages involving year-to-year change of

monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes inquarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes inyearly averages may be obtained by using table J in con-junction with the other tables. Standard errors forestimates of change are more closely related to the levelof the estimate than to the size of the specific change.Thus, to obtain the standard error of an estimate of anaverage level, rate, or percentage, or an estimate of achange in level, rate, or percentage, it is first necessaryto find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimateof an average level, rate, or percentage, find the stand-ard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change inlevel, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of theaverage of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,after computing the standard error by treating theseestimates as monthly estimates and using the proceduresabove, multiply this result by a suitable factor fromtable J to obtain the approximate standard error for theaverage or change.

Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year change of a monthly unemployment rate.Assume that for a certain month the unemployment rateis 6.9 percent, based on a total of 95,676,000 in thecivilian labor force, and that a year prior to this theunemployment rate was 6.1 percent, based on a total of94,254,000 in the civilian labor force for the month.First the standard error on the average of the two

187


estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of 94,965,000, is ob-tained from table F (0.12 percentage point). The ap-propriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approx-imate standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is thengiven by 0.12 x 1.40 = 0.17 percentage point.

The approximate standard error of levels involvingyear-to-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining toCPS earnings data for persons and families may be ob-tained by using table K in conjunction with the follow-ing formula:

Standarderror ofyear-to-year

respondents in the sample for each estimate. For con-secutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, thevalues of P are .30 for persons (total, white, and black)and .35 for families (total, white, and black). Therespective values for estimates of Hispanics are .45 and.55.

Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the numberof women employed as full-time wage and salaryworkers was 27,000,000 and in the same quarter a yearlater, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Usinglinear interpolation in the eighth column of table K, thestandard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000;for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula,the standard error of the 2,000,000, year-to-year changeis:

Where X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is theestimate for another quarter. The coefficient, P, is ameasure of the correlation between the estimates X andY resulting from the presence of some of the same

V(216,000)2 • (221,000)

or about 259,000.

•2 (.30) (216,000) (221,000),

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change

(In thousands)

Estimated monthly level

Characteristic1

Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculturalemployment data

Total or white Black Total or white,16 to 19 years

Black, 16 to19 years

Unemployment

Total or white

Both sexes 16to 19 years, orpart-time labor

force2

Black Black, 16 to19 years

501005001,0002,0004,0006,0008,00010,000 ...15,000 ...20,000 ...30,000 ...40,000 ...50,000 ...60,000 ...70,000 ...80,000 ...100,000 .120,000 .

811253650708698

109131148174191203210212211193153

8112535476270737142

1318395472888871

13183436

121637517299

118132143160165

13184054707860

12173852698587

12183537

See footnote 1, table D.Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons byduration of unemployment.

188


Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates

Monthly base of unemployment rate (Inthousands)

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)

10 15 20 25 30 35 50

501005001,000...2,000 ...4,000 ...6,000 ...10,000.20,000 .60,000 .100,000

2.091.48.66.47.33.23.19.15.10.06.05

2.942.08

.93

.66

.46

.33

.27

.21

.15

.08

.07

4.573.231.451.02.72.51.42.32.23.13.10

6.284.441.991.40.99.70.57.44.31.18.14

7.465.282.361.671.18.83.68.53.37.21.17

8.345.902.641.871.32.93.76.59.42.24.19

9.016.372.852.011.421.01.82.64.45.26.20

9.056.733.012.131.501.06.87.67.47.27.21

9.876.983.122.21t.561.10.90.70.49.27.22

10.217.223.272.281.611.14.93.72.51.29.22

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates

Monthly base of unemployment rate (Inthousands)

501005001 0002 0004,0006 00010 00020 00060 000100 000 . .

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)

1

2.321.64.73.52.37.26.21.16.12.07.05

2

3.282.321.04.73.52.37.30.23.16.09.07

5

5.143.641.631.15.81.57.47.36.25.14.11

10

7.185.082.271.601.13.80.65.50.35.19.14

15

8.696.142.741.941.37.96.78.60.42.22.15

20

9.907.003.132.211.561.10.89.68.47.23.15

25

10.937.123.452.441.721.20.98.75.51.24

30

11.818.353.732.631.851.301.05.80.54

35

12.588.893.972.801.971.381.11

50

14.4810.174.533.192.241.56

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor forcedata

Monthly base of percentages(In thousands)

Percentage of monthly level

1 or I 2 or 98 5 or 95 10 or 90 15 or 85 20 or 80 25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65 50

501005001,0002,0004,0006,00010,000...20,000 ...40,000 ...60,000 ...80,000 ...100,000160,000

2.141.51.68.48.34.24.20.15.11.08.06.05.05.04

3.012.13

.95

.67

.48

.34

.28

.21

.15

.11

.09

.08

.07

.05

4.693.321.481.05.74.52.43.33.23.17.14.12.10.08

6.464.572.041.441.02.72.59.46.32.23.19.16.14.11

7.685.432.431.721.22.86.70.54.38.27.22.19.17.13

8.616.092.721.921.36.96.79.61.43.30.25.22.19.15

9.326.592.952.081.471.04.85.66.47.33.27.23.21.16

9.866.973.122.211.561.10.90.70.49.35.28.25.22.17

10.277.263.252.301.621.15.94.73.51.36.30.26.23.18

10.767.613.402.411.701.20.98.76.54.38.31.27.24.19

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specificcharacteristic.

189


Table I. Factors to be used with Table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-monthchange in percentages

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:Total or full-time labor forcePart-time labor force

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment data:

TotalMen onlyWomen onlyBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsPart-time labor force

Factor

Monthly level

1.261.26

1.00.93.86

1.001.00

Month-to-month change

1.051.50

.74

.84

.751.181.18

Characteristic

Unemployment:Part-time labor force, duration ofunemployment, left last job,reentering labor force

All other unemployment characteristics:Total or white:

TotalBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Black:TotalBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Factor

Monthly level

1.01

.97

.97

1.041.04

Month-to-month change

1.21

1.081.21

1.131.24

Table J. Factors to be used with Tables, D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, andpercentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averagesand change in yearly averages,

Characteristic

Factor

Year-to-yearchange of monthly

estimate

Quarterlyaverages

Change inquarterlyaverages

Yearlyaverages

Change inyearly

averages

Agricultural employment:

Total or menWomen or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .Part time

Labor force data other thanagricultural employment andunemployment data:

Total or whiteBlack or teenagers

(16 to 19 years)Part time

Unemployment:

TotalPart time

1.301.30

1.40

1.30

1.301.40

1.401.40

0.89.83

.74

.88

.82

.74

.76

.69

0.80.80

.80

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

0.72.58

.46

.67

.57

.46

.50

.39

0.70.70

.70

.70

.70

.60

.65

.54

190


Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly level, to be used with CPS earnings data

(In thousands)

Estimated quarterly level

Characteristic

Total

Part-timeworkers

Total or full-time workers

Total orwhite

Black

Men

Part-timeworkers

Total or full-time workers

Total White Black

Women

Total, full-time, orpart-time workers

Total orwhite

Black

1050751001502002503005007501,000...1,500...2,000 ...2,500 ...3,000 ...5,000 ...7,500 ...10,000 .15,000 .20,000 .25,000 .30,000 .40,000 .50,000 .75,000 ..100,000

51113151922242634424859687683107130149180205226224273296331343

51215172124273038475466768593119145165198224244261286301304255

51215172124273038465363727985100107102

51113151922242634424859687582105127144187192207219236

51215172124273038475466768492117140157183199209212201

51215172124273038475466768492116138155179193199198174

5121517212427293745505965697164

51113151922242634424859687582105127145173195211224242

5111315192124263341465663697485

191


Establishment Data(Tables B-1 through C-8)

COLLECTIONPayroll reports provide current information on wage

and salary employment, hours, and earnings innonagricultural establishments, by industry andgeographic location. Historical statistics are publishedin Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States,1909-84, and Employment Hours and Earnings, Statesand Areas, 1939-82 and their annual supplements.

Federal-State cooperationUnder cooperative arrangements, responding

establishments report employment, hours, and earningsdata to State agencies. State agencies mail the forms tothe establishments and examine the returns for con-sistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use thereported data to prepare State and area series and alsosend the reported data to the BLS (Washington Office)for use in preparing the national series. This avoids aduplicate reporting burden on establishments, andtogether with the use of similar estimating techniques atthe national and State levels, promotes increased com-parability between estimates.

Shuttle schedulesForm BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and

Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. Thecollection agency returns the schedule to the respondenteach month so that the next month's data can be enteredon the space alotted for that month. This "shuttle" pro-cedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy ofreporting, since the respondent can see the figures thathave been reported for previous months.

Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the totalnumber of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls ofnonagricultural establishments and, for most industries,employment, payroll, and hours of production andrelated workers or nonsupervisory workers for the payperiod which includes the 12th of the month.

CONCEPTS

Industrial classificationEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are

classified into industries on the basis of their principalproduct or activity determined from information on an-nual sales volume. Since January 1980, this informationis collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemploy-ment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For anestablishment making more than one product or engag-ing in more than one activity, the entire employment ofthe establishment is included under the industry in-dicated by the principal product or activity.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for theNation and for States and areas are classified in accor-dance with the 1972 Standard Industrial ClassificationManual (SICM), Office of Management and Budget.The BLS tabulates and estimates statistics whichdistinguish between private and public establishments,thus maintaining continuity with previously publishedstatistics for the private and government sector.

Industry employmentEmployment data, except those for the Federal

Government, refer to persons on establishment payrollswho received pay for any part of the pay period whichincludes the 12th of the month. For Federal Govern-ment establishments, employment figures represent thenumber of persons who occupied positions on the lastday of the calendar month. Intermittent workers arecounted if they performed any service during themonth.

The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, un-paid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, anddomestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations areincluded. Government employment covers only civilianemployees; military personnel are excluded. Employeesof the Central Intelligence Agency and the NationalSecurity Agency are also excluded.

Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paidsick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work duringa part of the pay period even though they areunemployed or on strike during the rest of the periodare counted as employed. Not counted as employed arepersons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, onstrike for the entire period, or who were hired but havenot yet reported during the period.

Industry hours and earningsAverage hours and earnings data are derived from

reports of payrolls and hours for production and relatedworkers in manufacturing'and mining, constructionworkers in construction, and nonsupervisory employeesin private service-producing industries.

Production and related workers include workingsupervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (includinggroup leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, pro-cessing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage,handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking,hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services,product development, auxiliary production for plant's

192


own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and otherservices closely associated with the above productionoperation.

Construction workers include the followingemployees in the construction division: Working super-visors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices,helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, altera-tions, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whetherworking at the site of construction or working in shopsor yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling)ordinarily performed by members of the constructiontrades.

Nonsupervisory employees include employees (notabove the working supervisory level) such as office andclerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators,drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, socialworkers, research aides, teachers, drafters,photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurantworkers, custodial workers, attendants, line installersand repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and otheremployees at similar occupational levels whose servicesare closely associated with those of the employees listed.

Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time pro-duction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers whoreceived pay for any part of the pay period which in-cludes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reportedbefore deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age andunemployment insurance, group insurance, withholdingtax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for over-time, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly bythe firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly eachpay period); other pay not earned in the pay periodreported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value offree rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are ex-cluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and othertypes of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,paid by the employer) are also excluded.

Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay periodwhich includes the 12th of the month for production,construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included arehours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leavewhen pay is received directly from the firm.

Overtime hours covers hours worked by productionor related workers for which overtime premiums werepaid because the hours were in excess of the number ofhours of either the straight-time workday or theworkweek during the pay period which includes the 12thof the month. Weekend and holiday hours are includedonly if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for whichonly shift differential, hazard, incentive, or othersimilar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

A verage hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourlyearnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not onlychanges in basic hourly and incentive wage rates butalso such variable factors as premium pay for overtimeand late-shift work and changes in output of workerspaid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in thenumber of employees between relatively high-paid andlow-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in in-dividual establishments. Averages for groups and divi-sions further reflect changes in average hourly earningsfor individual industries.

Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates.Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a statedperiod of time; rates are the amount stipulated for agiven unit of work or time. The earnings series do notmeasure the level of total labor costs on the part of theemployer since the following are excluded: Irregularbonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfarebenefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earningsfor those employees not covered under the productionworker, construction worker, or nonsupervisoryemployee definitions.

Average weekly earnings estimates are derived bymultiplying average weekly hours estimates by averagehourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earningsare affected not only by changes in average hourly earn-ings but also by changes in the length of the workweek.Monthly variations in such factors as proportion ofpart-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, laborturnover during the survey period, and absenteeism forwhich employees are not paid may cause the averageworkweek to fluctuate.

Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can beaffected by structural changes in the makeup of thework force. For example, persistent long-term increasesin the proportion of part-time workers in retail tradeand many of the services industries have reducedaverage workweeks in these industries and have affectedthe average weekly earnings series.

Average weekly hours. The workweek informationrelates to the average hours for which pay was receivedand is different from standard or scheduled hours. Suchfactors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours tobe lower than scheduled hours of work for an establish-ment. Group averages further reflect changes in theworkweek of component industries.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours representthat portion of the average weekly hours which exceed-ed regular hours and for which overtime premiums werepaid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday atregular rates, receiving as total compensation his or herholiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours workedthat day, no overtime hours would be reported.

193


Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings

Employment, hours,and earnings

All employees .

Production or nonsupervisory workers, womenemployees .

Average weekly hours .

Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings .

All employees, women employees, andproduction or nonsupervisory workers .

Average weekly hours .

Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings .

Average weekly earnings .

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, orregion/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multipliedby ratio of all employees in current month to allemployees in previous month, for sample estab-lishments which reported for both months.1

All-employees estimate for current month multipliedby (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory work-ers to all employees in sample establish-ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of womento all employees.2

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours dividedby number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Production worker overtime hours divided by numberof production workers.2

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payrolldivided by total production or nonsupervisory workerhours.2

Product of average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings.

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

Sum of production or nonsupervisory workerestimates, or estimates of women employees, forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisoryworker employment, of the average weekly hours forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production worker employment,of the average weekly overtime hours for com-ponent cells.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the averagehourly earnings for component cells.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings.

Annual average data

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or non-supervisory worker employment multipliedby average weekly hours) divided by annualsum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro-duction worker employment multiplied byaverage weekly overtime hours) dividedby annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro-duction or nonsupervisory worker employmentby weekly hours and hourly earnings) dividedby annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or non-supervisory workers divided by annual sum ofemployment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours forproduction workers divided by annual sum ofemployment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided byannual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias ad-justment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly form-ed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.

2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weeklyhours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by

a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arisingmainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedureaccepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, atthe same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latestsample average.

194


Since overtime hours are premium hours by defini-tion, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessari-ly move in the same direction from month to month; forexample, ovetime premiums may be paid for hours inexcess of the straight-time workday although less than afull week is worked. Diverse trends at the industrygroup level also may be caused by a marked change inhours for a component industry where little or no over-time was worked in both the previous and currentmonths. In addition, such factors as stoppages,absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the sameinfluence on overtime hours as on average hours.

Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for Class Irailroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300report of the Interstate Commerce Commission andrelate to all employees except executives, officials, andstaff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay duringthe month. Average hourly earnings are computed bydividing total compensation by total hours paid for.Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing totalnumber of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, bythe number of employees, as defined above. Averageweekly earnings are derived by multiplying averageweekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, arecalculated from the earnings averages for the currentmonth using a deflator derived from the ConsumerPrice Index for Urban Wage Earners and ClericalWorkers (CPI-W).

Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Averagehourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay arecomputed by dividing the total production workerpayroll for the industry group by the sum of totalproduction worker hours and one-half of total overtimehours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based onthe application of adjustment factors to average hourlyearnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review,May 1950, pp. 537-40). Both methods eliminate only theearnings due to overtime paid for at 1V: times thestraight-time rates. No adjustments are made for otherpremium payment provisions, such as holiday work,late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time andone-half.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of ag-gregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the cur-rent month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthlyfigures for 1977. For basic industries, the hour ag-gregates are the product of average weekly hours andproduction worker or nonsupervisory worker employ-ment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, houraggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.

Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employeeson nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure thepercent of industries which posted increases in employ-ment over the specified time span. The indexes arecalculated from 185 seasonally adjusted employmentseries (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering allnonagricultural payroll employment in the private sec-tor. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appearsin ''Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in theDecember 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

ESTIMATING METHODS

The principal features of the procedure used toestimate employment for the establishment statistics are(1) the use of the "link relative" technique which is aform of ratio estimation; (2) periodic adjustment ofemployment levels to new benchmarks; and (3) the useof size and regional stratification.

The "link relative" techniqueFrom a sample composed of establishments reporting

for both the previous and current months, the ratio ofcurrent month employment to that of the previousmonth is computed. This is called a "link relative." Theestimates of employment (all employees, including pro-duction and nonproduction workers together) for thecurrent month are obtained by multiplying the estimatesfor the previous month by these "link relatives." In ad-dition, bias correction factors are applied to selectedemployment estimates each month. The size of the biascorrection factors is determined from past benchmarkcomparisons. Beginning with data for April 1983, thesefactors are modified by changes in the sample linkrelatives for the most recent quarter. Other features ofthe general procedures are described in table L.

Size and regional stratificationA number of industries are stratified by size of

establishment and/or by region, and the stratified pro-duction or nonsupervisory worker data are used toweight the hours and. earnings into broader industrygroupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for anemployment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is us-ed in the summary of computational methods in table L,may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a regionstratum, or a size stratum of a region within an in-dustry.

Benchmark adjustmentsEmployment estimates are compared periodically

with benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employ-ment) for the various nonagricultural industries and ap-propriate adjustments are made as indicated. The in-dustry estimates are currently projected from March1984 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments aremade annually.

195


The primary sources of benchmark information areemployment data, by industry, compiled quarterly byStates agencies from reports of establishments coveredunder State unemployment insurance laws. Thesetabulations cover about 98 percent of employees onnonagricultural payrolls in the United States. Bench-mark data for the residual are obtained from therecords of the Social Security Administration, the In-terstate Commerce Commission, and a number of otheragencies in private industry or government.

The estimates for the benchmark month are com-pared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry.If revisions are necesary, the monthly series of estimatesbetween benchmark periods are adjusted between thenew benchmark and the preceding one, and the newbenchmark for each industry is then carried forwardprogressively to the current month by use of the sampletrends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark isused to establish the level of employment; the sample isused to measure the month-to-month changes in thelevel. A comparision of the actual amounts of revisionsmade at the time of the March 1984 benchmark adjust-ment is shown in table M.

Data for all months since the last benchmark to whichthe series has been adjusted are subject to revision.Revised data are published as soon as possible after eachbenchmark revision.

THE SAMPLE

DesignThe sampling plan used in the Current Employment

Statistics program is known as "sampling proportionateto average size of establishment." This design is an op-timum allocation design among strata since the sampl-ing variance is proportional to the average size ofestablishments. Under this type of design, largeestablishments fall into the sample with certainty. Thesize of the sample for the various industries is determin-ed empirically on the basis of experience and of cost

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employmentbenchmarks and estimates for March 1984

Industry

Total .

MiningConstruction . . .ManufacturingTransportation and public

utilitiesWholesale trade .Retail tradeFinance, insurance, andreal estate .

Services . . . .Government.

Benchmark

92,587,000

952,0003,914,000

19,151,000

5,063,0005,447,000

15,891,000

5,588,00020,365,00016,216,000

Estimate

92,234,000

967,0003,794,000

19,323,000

5,055,0005,421,000

15,629,000

5,565,00020,276,00016,204,000

Percentdiffer-ence

0.4

-1.63.1-.9

.2

.51.6

.4

.4

.1

considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which ahigh proportion of total employment is concentrated inrelatively few establishments, a large percent of totalemployment is included in the sample. Consequently,the sample design for such industries provides for acomplete census of the large establishments with only afew chosen from among the smaller establishments ornone at all if the concentration of employment is greatenough. On the other hand, in an industry in which alarge proportion of total employment is in smallestablishments, the sample design calls for inclusion ofall large establishments and also for a substantialnumber of the small ones. Many industries in the tradeand services divisions fall into this category. To keep thesample to a size which can be handled by availableresources, it is necessary to design samples for these in-dustries with a smaller proportion of universe employ-ment than is the case for most manufacturing industries.Since individual establishments in these nonmanufac-turing divisions generally show less fluctuation fromregular cyclical or seasonal patterns than doestablishments in manufacturing industries, thesesmaller samples (in terms of employment) generally pro-duce reliable estimates.

In the context of the BLS Current EmploymentStatistics program, with its emphasis on producing time-ly data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtainedwhich will provide coverage of a sufficiently large seg-ment of the universe to provide reasonably reliableestimates that can be published promptly and regularly.The present sample meets these specifications for mostindustries. With its use, the BLS is able to producepreliminary estimates each month for many industriesand for many geographic levels within a few weeks afterthe reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.

CoverageThe BLS sample of establishment employment and

payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in thefield of social statistics. Table N shows the approximateproportion of total employment in each industry divi-sion covered by the group of establishments furnishingmonthly employment data. The coverage for individualindustries within the division may vary from the propor-tions shown.

Reliability of the employment estimatesAlthough the relatively large size of the BLS estab-

lishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, theestimates derived from it may differ from the figuresthat would be obtained if it were possible to take a com-plete census using the same schedules and procedures.As discussed under the previous section, a "linkrelative" technique is used to estimate employment.This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as

196


Table N. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employmentand payrolls sample, March 19841

Industry

Total .

MiningConstruction . .ManufacturingTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale trade .Retail tradeFinance, insurance andreal estate .

Services . . .Government:

Federal2.State .Local .

Numberof estab-lishmentsin sample

221,700

3,40021,50050,60010,50019,20035,900

15,90041,900.

5,1004,00013,700

Employees

Numberreported

36,946,000

376,000827,000

10,571,0002,377,000

909,0002,875,000

2,101,0004,838,000

2,779,0003,121,0006,172,000

Percent oftotal

40

392155471718

3824

1008264

1 Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hoursinformation, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightlysmaller sample than employment estimates.

2 National estimates of Federal employment by agency are provided toBLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimatesfor the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federalemployment, are based on a sample of 5,100 reports covering about 64percent of employment in Federal establishments.

the base in computing the current month's estimate.Thus, small sampling and response errors may cumulateover several months. To remove this accumulated error,the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new ben-chmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling andresponse errors, the benchmark revision adjusts theestimates for changes in the industrial classification ofindividual establishments (resulting from changes intheir product which are not reflected in the levels ofestimates until the data are adjusted to new bench-marks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels,particularly within manufacturing, changes in classifica-tion are the major cause of benchmark adjustments.Another cause of differences arises from improvementsin the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presentsthe average percent revisions of the five most recentbenchmarks for major industry divisions. Detaileddescriptions of individual benchmark revisions areavailable from the Bureau upon request.

The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimatingcells are not subject to benchmark revisions, althoughthe broader groupings may be affected slightly bychanges in employment weights. The hours and earningsestimates, however, are subject to sampling errorswhich may be expressed as relative errors of theestimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressedas a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for majorindustries are presented in table O and for individual in-dustries with the specified number of employees in tableP. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours andearnings estimates from the sample would differ by a

smaller percentage than the relative error from theaverages that would have been obtained from a com-plete census.

One measure of the reliability of the employmentestimates for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The measure is the standard devia-tion adjusted for the bias in estimates:

RMSE = V/(Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 thatan estimate from the samle would differ from itsbenchmark by less than the root-mean-square error.The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the differencewould be less than twice the root-mean-square error.

Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (bas-ed on the most recent benchmark revisions) of dif-ferences between final estimates and benchmarks arepresented in table P.

For the two most recent months, estimates of employ-ment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are sofootnoted in the tables. These figures are based on lessthan the total sample and are revised when all thereports in the sample have been received. Table 0presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts ofrevisions that may be expected between the preliminaryand final levels of employment and preliminary andfinal month-to-month changes. Revisions ofpreliminary hours and earnings estimates are normallynot greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1cent for hourly earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREASState and area employment, hours, and earnings data

Table O. Average benchmark revision in employmentestimates and relative errors for average weekly hours andaverage hourly earnings by industry

(In percent)

Industry

TotalTotal private

MiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilities ....,Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate .Services

Government3

Averagebench-

mark revi-sion in

estimatesof employ-

ment1

0.2.3

2.41.6.6.6.5.2.2

1.4.2.4.3

Relativeerrors2

Averageweeklyhours

0.11.0.2.1.1.1.7.2.2.2.4

Averagehourly

earnings

0.21.3.5.2.3.2.6.4.4.4.6

1 The average percent revision in employment for the 1980-84benchmarks.

2 Relative errors relate to 1982 data.3 Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal

Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and asample of State and local government reports.

197


Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences betweenbenchmarks and estimates of employment and averagerelative errors for average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000100,000....200,000 ....500,000 ....1,000,000.2,000,000 .

Root-mean-squareerror ofemploy-

ment esti-mates1

Relative errors2

(in percent)

2,1003,9005,600

14,00015,00026,000

Average Averageweekly hourlyhours earnings

2.21.31.1.9

4.02.32.01.61.2.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.Relative errors relate to I982 data.

are collected and prepared by State agencies in coopera-tion with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan

areas. Definitions for all areas are published each yearin the issue of Employment and Earnings that containsState and area annual averages (usually the May issue).Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Addi-tional industry detail may be obtained from the Stateagencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.These statistics are based on the same establishmentreports used by BLS for preparing national estimates.For employment, the sum of the State figures may differslightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on anational basis, because some States have more recentbenchmarks than others and because of the effects ofdiffering industrial and geographic stratification.

For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sec-tions of this periodical, all the annual average data forthe detailed industry statistics currently published byeach cooperating State agency are presented in a sum-mary volume published annually by the BLS.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates

Industry

Total

Total private1

Goods-producing. . .

MiningOil and gas extraction1

ConstructionGeneral building contractors1

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and giass productsPrimary metal industries .

Blast furnaces and basicsteel products1

Fabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronicequipment

Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles andequipment1

Instruments and relatedproducts

Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparei and other textile

productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishing

Root mean square errorof-

Monthlylevel

117,300

65,400

38,900

5,4004,800

21,3008,400

32,100

23,3003,9003,0002,6006,400

5,5004,7008,700

6,20012,600

10,200

2,2002,000

13,3008,8001,5002,700

6,4002,1002,200

Month-to-monthchange

109,000

58,600

34,000

5,2004,500

17,4005,500

29,200

21,1003,4002,3002,4006,300

5,3004,0007,900

6,40011,100

10,100

2,2002,000

13,3008,8001,4002,700

6,1001,8002,400

Industry

Nondurable goods—ContinuedChemicals and allied products ..Petroleum and coal products ..Rubber and misc. plasticsproducts

Leather and leather products . . .

Service-producing industries

Transportation and public utilities . .Transportation1

Communication and publicutilities1 . .

Wholesale trade1 . .Durable goods1 . . .Nondurable goods1

Retail trade1

General merchandise stores1 ..Food stores1

Automotive dealers and servicestations1

Eating and drinking places1 .

Finance, insurance, and real estateFinance1

Insurance1 . .Real estate1

ServicesBusiness services1

Health services1

GovernmentFederal

| State1

Locai1

Root mean square errorof-

Monthlylevel

2,7001,600

2,6002,700

100,300

15,10019,700

5,000

8,2005,3005,000

30,90019,0006,800

3,20020,900

9,4004,3002,9005,500

Month-to-monthchange

2,5001,500

2,5002,600

95,800

15,20019,500

4,800

8,0005,0004,800

31,10018,6005,800

2,70018,800

8,3003,5002,2004,500

34,600 I 28,20013,400 11,30011,300 i 10,800

69,900 64,60017,600 : 16,20026,000 25,00041,800 39,100

1 Data are based on differences from January 1981 through December1984; ali other data reflect differences from January 1979 through December1984.

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Productivity Data(Tables C-9 through C-11)

COLLECTIONProductivity data are compiled by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics from establishment data and fromestimates of compensation and gross national productsupplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and theFederal Reserve Board.

CONCEPTSHours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural

establishments refer to hours paid for allemployees—production workers, nonsupervisoryworkers, and salaried workers.

Output is the constant-dollar market value of finalgoods and services produced in a given period. Indexesof output per hour of all persons measure changes in thevolume of goods and services produced per paid hour oflabor input.

Compensation per hour includes wages and salariesof employees plus employers' contributions for socialinsurance and private benefit plans. The data also in-clude an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementarypayments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancialcorporations, in which there are no self-employed.

Real compensation per hour is compensation perhour adjusted to elimate the effect of changes in theConsumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation costrequired to produce one unit of output and are derivedby dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.

Unit nonlabor payments include profits, deprecia-tion interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output.

They are computed by subtracting compensation of allpersons from the current-dollar gross national productand dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlaborcosts contain all the components of unit nonlaborpayments except unit profits.

Unit profits include corporate profits and inventoryvaluation adjustments per unit of output.

The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing thecurrent-dollar estimate of gross product by theconstant-dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect,a price index for gross product of the sector reported.

NOTES ON THE DATAFor the business sector and the nonfarm business sec-

tor, these indexes relate to the gross domestic productless household and institutions, owner-occupied hous-ing, and statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancialcorporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domesticproduct of nonfinancial corporate business.

Manufacturing output data are supplied by theBureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department ofCommerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterlymeasures have been adjusted by the Bureau of LaborStatistics to annual estimates of output (gross productoriginating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Historical statistics for most productivity measures ap-pear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81,BLS Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be ob-tained from the Office of Productivity and Technology(202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data(D table)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAMLabor force and unemployment estimates for States,

labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas coveredunder Federal assistance programs are developed byState employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemploymentestimates which are derived from standardized pro-cedures developed by BLS are the basis of determiningeligibility of an area for benefits under Federal pro-grams such as the Job Training Partnership Act and thePublic Works and Economic Development Act.

Annual average data for the States and areas shownin table D are published in Employment and Earnings

(usually the May issue). For regions, States, selectedmetropolitan areas, and central cities, annual averagedata classified by selected demographic, social, andeconomic characteristics are published in the BLSbulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment andUnemployment.

Labor force and unemployment estimates for coun-ties, cities, and other small areas have been preparedfor administration of various Federal economicassistance programs and may be ordered from theSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print-ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The report"Employment and Unemployment in States and Local

199


Areas" is published monthly through GPO and isavailable on microfiche only on a subscription basis.

ESTIMATING METHODSThe civilian labor force and unemployment estimates

in 11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio,New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachu-setts, North Carolina, and Florida; and two areas: LosAngeles—Long Beach metropolitan area and New YorkCity, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly fromthe CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts see"Household Data," above.

Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates inthe remaining 39 States, District of Columbia, and 253labor market areas are prepared in several stages. Thecivilian labor force is the sum of the employment andunemployment levels, which are estimated in accord-ance with the BLS Manual for Developing Local AreaUnemployment Statistics.

1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The totalcivilian employment estimate is based on data from thesurvey of establishments which produces an estimate ofpayroll employment. This place-of-work estimate mustbe adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in theCPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to placeof residence have been developed for the severalcategories of employment on the basis of employmentrelationships which existed at the time of the 1970decennial census. These factors are applied to thepayroll employment estimates for the current period toobtained adjusted employment estimates, to which areadded estimates for employment not cover by UI.

2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the cur-rent month, the estimate of unemployment is an ag-gregate of the estimates for each of three building blockcategories: (1) Persons who were previously employed inindustries covered by State unemployment insurance(UI) laws; (2) those previously employed in industriesnot covered by these laws; and (3) those who were enter-ing the civilian labor force for the first time or reenter-ing after a period of separation. This is referred tobelow as the UI- based estimate.

An estimate for those previously employed in coveredindustries is derived from a count of current employ-ment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimantswhose benefits have been exhausted, those persons dis-qualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetaryreasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause,etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and per-son who either filed claims late or not at all.

The estimate of those previously employed in in-dustries not covered by UI is derived by applying to theemployment estimate for each noncovered industry orclass of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of

covered unemployment to covered employmentweighted by factors reflecting national historical rela-tionships.

For the third category, new entrants and reentrantsinto the labor force, a composite estimate is developedfrom equations that relate the total entrants into thelabor force to the experienced unemployed and the ex-perienced labor force. For each month, the estimate ofentrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) themonth of the year; (b) the level of the experiencedunemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force;and (d) the proportion of the working age populationthat is considered "youth." The composite estimate oftotal entrants is defined as:

U= A (X + E) + BX, whereU = total entrant unemploymentE = total civilian employmentX = total experienced unemployment

A,B= synthetic factors incorporatingseasonal variation and an assumedrelationship between the proportion ofyouths in the working population and thehistorical relationship of entrants to theexperienced unemployed (B factor) or theexperienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemploy-ment are then applied at the State level of the Ul-basedestimates obtained above for each of the 39 States andthe District of Columbia. These correction factors arebased on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based estimatesfor the 6-month period ending in the current month(e.g. a 6-month moving average).

4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independentestimates of employment and unemployment areprepared for the State (obtained directly from the CPSin the 11 large States or by the Ul-based method in theremaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's)within the State). The total of the geographic areas inthe LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of theState. A proportional adjustment is applied to allsub-state LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-stateestimates of employment and unemployment add to theindependent State totals. In California and New York,which also have sub-state areas taken directly from theCPS, the additivity adjustment for the reamining areasis applied to the State total minus the direct CPS area.

5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each yearmonthly estimates prepared by the State employmentsecurity agencies using Ul-based estimating proceduresare adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annualaverage CPS estimates for the 39 States and the Districtof Columbia for which monthly CPS estimates are not

200


available. This adjustment is necessary because theState-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPSannual averages due to differences in the State UI laws,the structual limitations of the Ul-based estimatingmethod, and errors in the UI data.

The benchmarked estimates are produced in threestages. First, the monthly Ul-based estimates are ad-justed by the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based annualaverages. Second, the difference between the ratio of

annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged in-to the monthly estimates in order to minimize the distur-bance to the original series. Finally, the third stageestimates are forced into agreement with CPS annualaverages. In the 11 States which use CPS estimatesmonthly, no benchmark correction is required, as theaverage of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates willequal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation'slabor force, the levels of employment and unemploy-ment, and other measures of labor market activityundergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal eventsas changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closingof schools. Because these seasonal events follow a moreor less regular pattern each year, their influence onstatistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting thestatistics from month to month. These adjustmentsmake it easier to observe the cyclical and othernonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluatingchanges in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important tonote that seasonal adjustment is merely an approxima-tion based on past experience. Seasonally adjustedestimates have a broader margin of possible error thanthe original data on which they are based, since they aresubject not only to sampling and other errors but arealso affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjust-ment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series forselected labor force and establishment-based data arepublished regularly in Employment and Earnings.

The seasonal adjustment program used for theseseries is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-movingaverage method. It provides for "moving" adjustmentfactors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. Adetailed description of the method is given in The X-llVariant of the Census Method II Seasonal AdjustmentProgram, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Cen-sus (1967).

Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two ma-jor modifications in the seasonal adjustmentmethodology for data from the household survey. First,the data are being seasonally adjusted with a new pro-cedure called X-ll ARIMA, which was developed atStatistics Canada as an extension of the existing stan-dard X-ll method. A detailed description of the pro-cedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjust-ment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics CanadaCatalogue NO. 12-564E, February 1980. The X-ll pro-cedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the

Census and had been used by the BLS to seasonally ad-justed labor force series since 1973. Tests have shownthat use of the X-ll ARIMA procedure, which placesmore emphasis on recent data, provides better seasonaladjustments than does the X-ll method alone.

The second change is that seasonal adjustment factorsare calculated for use during the first 6 months of theyear rather than for the entire year. In July of each year,BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earn-ings a set of seasonal adjustment factors for use in thesecond half, based on the experience through June.Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 yearsare made at the beginning of each calendar year.However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts, revi-sions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 werecarried back to 1970.

All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, aswell as the major employment and unemploymentestimates, are computed by aggregating independentlyadjusted series. For example, for each of the three ma-jor labor force components-agricultural employment,nonagricultural employment, and unemployment-datafor four sex-age groups (men and women under andover 20 years of age) are separately adjusted forseasonal variation and are then added to deriveseasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally ad-justed figure for the labor force is the sum of eightseasonally adjusted civilian employment components,plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted forseasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemploy-ment components; the total for unemployment is thesum of the four unemployment components; and theoverall unemployment rate is derived by dividing theresulting estimate of total unemployment by theestimate of the labor force. Because of the independentseasonal adjustment of various series, components willnot necessarily add to totals.

Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected laborforce series based on the experience through December1985, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to

201


calculate the civilian unemployment rate for the first 6months of 1986, and a description of the currentseasonal adjustment methodology are published in theJanuary 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the 1981-85revision period for a broader range of labor force seriesare published in the February 1986 issue of thispublication.

Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-llARIMA methodology in seasonally adjusting theestablishment data, which previously had been com-puted using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. All seriesare seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative modelsunder X-l 1 ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors usedin calculating the current year's estimates are based onactual data through March 1985 and projected datathrough March 1986. The ARIMA model options forprojecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been us-ed in seasonally adjusting the establishment series sinceJune 1981.

Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied tothe component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals formost of these series are then obtained by taking aweighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for thecomponent series. Seasonally adjusted average weeklyearnings are the product of seasonally adjusted averagehourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weeklyhours.

Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing averageweekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonallyadjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban WageEarners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplyingby 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonallyadjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weeklyhours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsuper-

visory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,total private service-producing, wholesale trade, retailtrade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurablegoods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the ag-gregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the ap-propriate component industries and dividing by the1977 base.

Seasonally adjusted data are not published for anumber of series characterized by small seasonal com-ponents relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregularcomponents. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonallyadjusted series are used in the aggregation to broaderlevel seasonally adjusted series

Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factorsfor Federal Government employment are derived fromunadjusted data which include Christmas temporaryworkers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier yearsthe number of these workers was substantial, and attimes varied greatly from year to year, based on ad-ministrative decisions of the Postal Service. Hence, itwas considered desirable to exclude this group from theunadjusted data upon which the seasonal adjustment fac-tors were based. In the past several years, the number ofthese workers has decreased to the point where theirpresence has no impact on seasonal adjustment. Tem-porary census takers for the 1980 decennial census areremoved prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustmentfactors for Federal Government employment.

The revised seasonally adjusted series for theestablishment data reflect experience through March1985. Seasonal adjustment factors to be used for currentadjustment appear in the June 1985 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings.

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U.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsREGION I - BOSTONJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal BuildingGovernment CenterBoston, Mass. 02203

REGION II - NEW YORKSuite 34001515 BroadwayNew York, N.Y. 10036

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA3535 Market StreetP.O. Box 13309Philadelphia, Pa. 19101

REGION IV - ATLANTASuite 5401371 Peachtree Street, NE.Atlanta, Ga. 30367

REGION V - CHICAGO9th Floor230 S. Dearborn StreetChicago, 111. 60604

REGION VI - DALLASRoom 221525 Griffin StreetDallas, Tex. 75202

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY15th Floor911 Walnut StreetKansas City, Mo. 64106

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO450 Golden Gate AvenueBox 36017San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIESCurrent Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program

(LA US)

-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,

500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001-Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive,Tallahassee 32301

-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, Honolulu 96813-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building,Oklahoma City 73105

-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)

-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903-Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,

Charleston 25305-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602

IVX

IXVIIX

VIIII

IIIIII

IV

IVIXXVV

VIIVIIIVVI

IIII

IVV

IVVII

VIIIVIIIX

III

VIII

IVVIII

VVI

XIIIII

IIV

VIIIIVVI

VIIII

IIIIIX

III

VVIII

BLSRegion

ALABAMAALASKAARIZONAARKANSASCALIFORNIACOLORADOCONNECTICUTDELAWAREDIST. OF COL.

FLORIDA

GEORGIAHAWAIIIDAHOILLINOISINDIANAIOWAKANSASKENTUCKYLOUISIANAMAINEMARYLANDMASSACHUSETTSMICHIGANMINNESOTAMISSISSIPPIMISSOURIMONTANANEBRASKANEVADANEW HAMPSHIRENEW JERSEYNEW MEXICONEW YORKNORTH CAROLINANORTH DAKOTAOHIOOKLAHOMA

OREGONPENNSYLVANIAPUERTO RICO

RHODE ISLANDSOUTH CAROLINASOUTH DAKOTATENNESSEETEXASUTAHVERMONTVIRGINIAVIRGIN ISLANDSWASHINGTONWEST VIRGINIA

WISCONSINWYOMING


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