Empact of Rescession on Indian Textile Export

8/9/2019 Empact of Rescession on Indian Textile Export

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;wP k h a

A]AFQSOTA VQNNAU_

Qlanpgjynals' Dolklfokg fuovav kua sma nkiju ovvqav dju atauy ejcy, Smava ckyv pajpga

kua dua{qalsgy hjolh smujqhm sma xjucv goba Hgjekg afjljnof nagscjxl' Olsaulksojlkg

dolklfokg vgjxcjxl' Uafavvojl asf, Nkly jd sma pajpga kua mohmgy kddafsac ey sma uavqgsv

jd kgg smava, Smov doua cukhjl ov equlolh atauysmolh ey smujxolh sma doua kgg kujqlc, Smava

uavqgsolh cukvsof fmklhav ol godavsyga jd nkly ol vfjua jd xkyv,

Fquualsgy xa kua hjolh dua{qalsgy smujqhm sma valsalfav saggolh sma pauog addafsv jd smov

hgjekg afjljnof vgjxcjxl jl lqnaujqv fjnpkly anpgjyauv jd tkuojqv vafsjuv, Smov

cjxlsqul' jd fjquva gads lahksota nkubv jl eqvolavv sjj, Nkly eqvolavvav kua hjolh

smujqhm klc dkfolh addafsv jd smov afjljnof atog' fjnnjlgy lknac kv HgjekgNagscjxl, Sma addafs jd smov vgjxcjxl jl eqvolavv vafsju ov uavqgsolh couafsgy ol k

lahksota xky jl osv tkuojqv pmkvav olfgqcolh a}pjus.onpjus vafsju' xmofm ov jla jd sma

fuqfokg pkusv jd kly bolc jd eqvolavv,

Uahkucolh smov' sma uapjus jd Dacauksojl jd Olcokl A}pjus Juhklovksojl -Doaj/ saggv smks sma

nklqdkfsquolh Olcqvsuoav maua' mkta uafjucac vsaapavs cafgola ol sma vafsju jd a}pjus.

onpjus, Smov pujtac fjuuafs xmal xa skba k gjjb jd a}pjusv cjla ol vjna olcqvsuoav, Smov

uatakgv smks sma mklcofukds a}pjus vsappac cjxl ey 13 pau fals ol Cafaneau 500= kv

fjnpkuac sj smks ol Cafaneau 5008, Xmoga Hanv$ Iaxaguy' jla jd sma vahnalsv njvs

kddafsac ey afjljnof vgjxcjxl klc sma sa}soga olcqvsuoav kua fjlsukfsac ey 58 $ 5; pau

fals uavpafsotagy, Smov hotav qv eujkcau ocak kejqs sma addafsv jd afjljnof nagscjxl jl

a}pjus.onpjus sukca,

Xmoga skgbolh kejqs sma xjugcxoca a}pjus.onpjus sukca ol sma fquuals vfalkuoj jd

nagscjxl' Sma a}pjusauv laac sj cotauvody sj Kvok $ Kduofk sj avfkpa dujn sma uafavvojl

ol sukcosojlkg nkubasv ol sma xavs kua sma xjucv jd Couafsju.Halaukg jd Uavakufm klc

oldjunksojl vyvsanv dju catagjpolh fjqlsuoav, Smov uatakgv smks a}pjusolh hjjcv ju

pujcqfsv dujn Kvokl $ Kduofkl fjqlsuoav fjqgc ea pujtac kv sma magpolh mklc dju hassolh

duaa dujn sma uafavvojl ol xavsaul sukcosojlkg nkubasv sj vjna a}sals, Smov jetojqvgy ov


2/58

5wP k h aa}faggals dju sma fjqlsuoav ol Kvok $ Kduofk' xmofm ol saul ov sma fmklfa dju sman sj

eujkcal smaou mjuojlv ol sma a}pjus vafsju,

Knjlh kgg sma Kvokl fjqlsuoav od xa skgb pkusofqgkugy kejqs Olcok smal kffjucolh sj sma

Qlojl Fjnnaufa Vafuaskuy' Nu, Poggko' Olcokv a}pjus paudjunklfa ov nqfm eassau kv

fjnpkuac sj sma uavs jd Kvokl fjqlsuoav, Sma sxj fjqlsuoav xosm nkiju afjljnoav mkta

uagakvac smaou Iklqkuy a}pjus dohquav' xmofm kua a}suanagy gjxau smkl smjva jd Olcok,

Toaslkn' xmofm ov jla jd sma fjqlsuoav mktolh nkiju afjljnoav mkv k lahksota hujxsm

uksa jd 53,5 pau fals klc Vjqsm Bjuak' kljsmau fjqlsuy mktolh nkiju afjljnoav mkv 65

pau fals jd lahksota hujxsm uksa, Xmoga ol fkva jd Olcok' ol Jfsjeau sma naufmklcova

a}pjusv xaua cafgola ey ;5,; pau fals xmofm xkv onpujtac sj ?,? pau fals ol Ljtaneau

klc iqvs cujppac cjxl ey ;,; pau fals ol Cafaneau, Smov vmjxv Olcokv a}faggals a}pjuspaudjunklfa ol fjnpkuovjl xosm jsmau Kvokl fjqlsuoav,

Ks maua' sma hjtaulnals laacv sj pky sma fuqfokg ujga ey skbolh vjna nkiju vsapv, Os

laacv sj pujtoca vjna vjfokg vafquosy sj sma uasualfmac xjubauv ol sma a}pjus vafsju' kv

a}pjusauv xaua gjjvolh jqs eafkqva fjnpasolh fjqlsuoav goba Fmolk' xmofm uadauuac kv k

hgjekg a}pjus pjxaumjqva, Fmolk mkc pujtocac kccosojlkg fjlfavvojl sj smaou a}pjusauv'

xmofm mkv mkc ealadofokg dju sman sj puofa smaou pujcqfsv njua fjnpasosotagy,

Hjtaulnals laacv sj dqgdogg sma canklcv jd hgjekg a}pjusauv, Os vmjqgc fjlsolqa sma

vsonqgqv pkfbkhav sj ejjvs sma afjljny ol sma yaku 500?.;0' dju hassolh uoc jd hgjekg

vgjxcjxl, Cquolh sma fjnolh dovfkg sma pqegof a}palcosqua laacv sj ea vsappac qp sj

fjqlsau sma vgjxcjxl,


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6wP k h a

FMKPSAU . ;

SA]SOGA OLCQVSU_9 OLSUJCQFSOJL

Sma sa}soga olcqvsuy jffqpoav k qlo{qa pgkfa ol jqu fjqlsuy, Jla jd sma akugoavs sj fjna

olsj a}ovsalfa ol Olcok' os kffjqlsv dju ;3! jd sma sjskg Olcqvsuokg pujcqfsojl' fjlsuoeqsav

sj lakugy 60! jd sma sjskg a}pjusv klc ov sma vafjlc gkuhavs anpgjynals halauksju kdsau

khuofqgsqua,

Sa}soga Olcqvsuy ov pujtocolh jla jd sma njvs ekvof laacv jd pajpga klc sma mjgcv

onpjusklfa2 nkolskololh vqvskolac hujxsm dju onpujtolh {qkgosy jd goda, Os mkv k qlo{qa

pjvosojl kv k vagd.uagokls olcqvsuy' dujn sma pujcqfsojl jd ukx nksauokgv sj sma cagotauy jddolovmac pujcqfsv' xosm vqevsklsokg tkgqa.kccosojl ks akfm vskha jd pujfavvolh2 os ov k nkiju

fjlsuoeqsju sj sma fjqlsuy(v afjljny,

Osv tkvs pjsalsokg dju fuaksojl jd anpgjynals jppjusqlosoav ol sma khuofqgsqukg' olcqvsuokg'

juhkloac klc cafalsukgoac vafsjuv $ uqukg klc quekl kuakv' pkusofqgkugy dju xjnal klc

sma covkctklskhac ov ljsaxjusmy,

Kgsmjqhm sma catagjpnals jd sa}soga vafsju xkv akugoau skbolh pgkfa ol saunv jd halaukgpjgofoav' ol uafjhlosojl jd sma onpjusklfa jd smov vafsju' dju sma douvs sona k vapkuksa Pjgofy

Vsksanals xkv nkca ol ;?=1 ol uahkuc sj catagjpnals jd sa}soga vafsju, Sma sa}soga pjgofy

jd 5000 konv ks kfmoatolh sma skuhas jd sa}soga klc kppkuag a}pjusv jd QV # 10 eoggojl ey

50;0 jd xmofm sma vmkua jd hkunalsv xogg ea QV # 51 eoggojl, Sma nkol nkubasv dju Olcokl

sa}sogav klc kppkuagv kua QVK' QKA' QB' Haunkly' Duklfa' Oskgy' Uqvvok' Fklkck'

Eklhgkcavm klc Ikpkl,

Sma nkol jeiafsota jd sma sa}soga pjgofy 5000 ov sj pujtoca fgjsm jd kffapskega {qkgosy ks

uakvjlkega puofav dju sma tkvs nkijuosy jd sma pjpqgksojl jd sma fjqlsuy' sj olfuakvolhgy

fjlsuoeqsa sj sma pujtovojl jd vqvskolkega anpgjynals klc sma afjljnof hujxsm jd sma

lksojl2 klc sj fjnpasa xosm fjldocalfa dju kl olfuakvolh vmkua jd sma hgjekg nkubas,


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3wP k h aFquuals Vfalkuoj

Catagjpolh fjqlsuoav xosm ejsm' sa}soga klc fgjsmolh fkpkfosy nky ea kega sj pujvpau ol

sma lax fjnpasosota altoujlnals kdsau sma sa}soga {qjsk uahona jd {qklsosksota onpjus

uavsuofsojlv qlcau sma nqgso.doeau kuuklhanals -NDK/ fkna sj kl alc jl ;vs Iklqkuy'

5001 qlcau sma XSJ Khuaanals jl Sa}sogav klc Fgjsmolh,

Kv k uavqgs' sma sa}soga olcqvsuy ol catagjpac fjqlsuoav xogg dkfa olsalvodoac fjnpasosojl ol

ejsm smaou a}pjus klc cjnavsof nkubasv, Mjxatau' sma nohuksojl jd sa}soga fkpkfosy xogg

ea oldgqalfac ey jeiafsota fjnpasosota dkfsjuv klc xogg ea mknpauac ey sma puavalfa jd

covsjusolh cjnavsof nakvquav klc xakb cjnavsof oldukvsuqfsqua ol vataukg catagjpolh klc

gakvs catagjpac fjqlsuoav,

Sma agonolksojl jd {qjsk uavsuofsojl xogg jpal sma xky dju sma njvs fjnpasosota

catagjpolh fjqlsuoav sj catagjp vsujlhau fgqvsauv jd sa}soga a}pausova' alkegolh sman sj

mklcga kgg vskhav jd sma pujcqfsojl fmkol dujn hujxolh lksqukg doeauv sj pujcqfolh

dolovmac fgjsmolh' Sma JAFC pkpau vkyv smks xmoga gjx xkhav fkl vsogg hota catagjpolh

fjqlsuoav k fjnpasosota acha ol xjugc nkubasv' sona dkfsjuv ljx pgky k dku njua fuqfokg

ujga ol casaunololh olsaulksojlkg fjnpasosotalavv, Fjqlsuoav smks kvpoua sj nkolskol kl

a}pjus.gac vsuksahy ol sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh laac sj fjnpganals smaou fgqvsau jd a}pausovaol nklqdkfsquolh ey catagjpolh smaou a}pausova ol sma mohmau tkgqa.kccac vautofa

vahnalsv jd sma vqppgy fmkol vqfm kv cavohl' vjqufolh ju uaskog covsuoeqsojl, Sj pquvqa

smava ktalqav' lksojlkg vqppgoauv laac sj pgkfa huaksau anpmkvov jl acqfksojl klc

sukololh jd vautofav.uagksac vboggv klc sj alfjqukha sma avskegovmnals jd ijols vsuqfsquav

xmaua cjnavsof vqppgoauv fkl vmkua nkubas bljxgacha klc jddau njua olsahuksac

vjgqsojlv sj pujvpafsota eqyauv,

Sma sa}soga olcqvsuy ov qlcauhjolh k nkiju uajuoalsksojl sjxkucv ljl.fgjsmolh

kppgofksojlv jd sa}sogav' bljxl kv safmlofkg sa}sogav' xmofm kua hujxolh ujqhmgy ks sxofa

uksa jd sa}sogav dju fgjsmolh kppgofksojlv klc ljx kffjqls dju njua smkl mkgd jd sjskg

sa}soga pujcqfsojl, Sma pujfavvav oltjgtac ol pujcqfolh safmlofkg sa}sogav ua{qoua

a}palvota a{qopnalsv klc vboggac xjubauv klc kua' dju sma njnals' fjlfalsuksac ol
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1wP k h acatagjpac fjqlsuoav, Safmlofkg sa}sogav mkta nkly kppgofksojlv olfgqcolh eac vmaasv2

dogsuksojl klc keukvota nksauokgv2 dqulosqua klc makgsmfkua qpmjgvsauy2 smaunkg pujsafsojl

klc egjjc.kevjueolh nksauokgv2 vakseagsv2 kcmavota skpa' klc nqgsopga jsmau vpafokgoac

pujcqfsv klc kppgofksojlv, Olcok nqvs skba kca{qksa nakvquav dju fkpsquolh osv nkubas ey

pujnjsolh uavakufm klc catagjpnals ol smov vafsju' vj smks os hasv sma douvs njtauv

kctklskha,

Sma njjc ol sma Olcokl sa}soga olcqvsuy hotal sma pmkva.jqs jd sma {qjsk uahona jd sma

nqgso.doeau kuuklhanals -NDK/ ov qpeaks xosm lax oltavsnals dgjxolh ol klc olfuakvac

jucauv dju sma olcqvsuy kv k uavqgs jd xmofm fkpkfosoav kua dqggy ejjbac qp sj Kpuog 5001,

Kv k uavqgs jd tkuojqv olosoksotav skbal ey sma hjtaulnals' smaua mkv eaal lax oltavsnals

jd Uv,10' 000 fujua ol sma sa}soga olcqvsuy ol sma gkvs dota yakuv, Lola sa}soga nkijuvoltavsac Uv,5' 400 fujua klc pgkl sj oltavs kljsmau Uv,4'300 fujua, Dqusmau' Olcok(v fjssjl

pujcqfsojl olfuakvac ey 18! jtau sma gkvs dota yakuv2 klc 6 noggojl kccosojlkg vpolcgav

klc 60'000 vmqssgav.gavv gjjnv xaua olvskggac,

Sma olcqvsuy a}pafsv oltavsnals jd Uv,;' 30'000 fujua ol smov vafsju ol sma pjvs.NDK

pmkva, K Tovojl 50;0 dju sa}sogav djunqgksac ey sma hjtaulnals kdsau olsalvota

olsaukfsojl xosm sma olcqvsuy klc A}pjus Pujnjsojl Fjqlfogv sj fkposkgoa jl sma qpeaks

njjc konv sj olfuakva Olcok(v vmkua ol xjugc(v sa}soga sukca dujn sma fquuals 3! sj =! ey

50;0 klc sj kfmoata a}pjus tkgqa jd QV # 10 eoggojl ey 50;0, Tovojl 50;0 dju sa}sogav

altovkhav hujxsm ol Olcokl sa}soga afjljny dujn sma fquuals QV # 68 eoggojl sj # =1

eoggojl ey 50;02 fuaksojl jd ;5 noggojl lax ijev ol sma sa}soga vafsju2 klc njcauloksojl

klc fjlvjgocksojl dju fuaksolh k hgjekggy makgsmy klc k mohmgy fjnpasosota sa}soga

olcqvsuy,

Smaua xogg ea jppjusqlosoav kv xagg kv fmkggalhav dju sma Olcokl sa}soga olcqvsuy ol sma

pjvs.NDK auk, Eqs Olcok mkv lksqukg kctklskhav xmofm fkl ea fkposkgoac jl vsujlh ukx

nksauokg ekva . fjssjl' nkl.nkca doeauv' iqsa' vogb2 gkuha pujcqfsojl fkpkfosy -vpollolh .

5;! jd xjugc fkpkfosy klc xaktolh . 66! jd xjugc fkpkfosy eqs jd gjx safmljgjhy/2 tkvs

pjjg jd vboggac nklpjxau2 alsuapualaquvmop2 dga}oeogosy ol pujcqfsojl pujfavv2 klc gjlh

a}pauoalfa xosm QV*AQ -Aqujpakl Qlojl/, Ks sma vkna sona' smaua kua fjlvsukolsv


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4wP k h auagksolh sj dukhnalsac olcqvsuy' fjlvsukolsv jd pujfavvolh' {qkgosy jd fjssjl' fjlfaulv

jtau pjxau fjvs' gkeju uadjunv klc jsmau oldukvsuqfsqukg fjlvsukolsv klc ejssgalafbv, A,h,'

fjvs jd pjxau xkv Uv, = pau hkunals ol Olcok xmauakv ol Fmolk os xkv jlgy Uv, 5 pau

hkunals,

Dqusmau' dju sma ealados jd a}pjusauv' smaua vmjqgc ea k vsksa.jxlac fkuhj vmoppolh

nafmklovn, Vataukg olosoksotav mkta kguakcy eaal skbal ey sma hjtaulnals sj jtaufjna

vjna jd smava fjlfaulv olfgqcolh uksojlkgoksojl jd dovfkg cqsoav2 safmljgjhy Qphukcksojl

smujqhm sma Safmljgjhy Qphukcksojl Dqlc Vfmana -SQDV/2 vassolh qp jd Kppkuag Pkubv2

klc goeaukgoksojl jd uavsuofsota uahqgksjuy pukfsofav,

Vmuo Bknkg Lksm' Qlojl Nolovsau jd Fjnnaufa $ Olcqvsuy' mkv vkoc smks Olcok xogg skba

qp sma ovvqa jd ljl.skuodd ekuuoauv -LSEv/ ol sma Xjugc Sukca Juhkloksojl -XSJ/ Cjmk

ujqlc jd nqgsogksaukg sukca lahjsoksojlv' xmofm kua a}pafsac sj hksmau vsakn dujn Nkufm

5001 jlxkucv,

Jl sma ata jd uapqegof cky puavocals Bkgkn vkoc smks, %Olcok ov puavalsgy a}pjusolh vo}

eoggojl Q,V, Cjggkuv xjusm jd hkunalsv' xmauakv xosm sma XSJ uahona ol pgkfa' xa fkl

olfuakva sma pujcqfsojl klc a}pjus jd hkunalsv sj ;= sj 50 eoggojl Q,V, Cjggkuv xosmol sma

la}s dota yakuv, Smov xogg alkega halauksojl jd anpgjynals ol halaukg klc ol uqukg kuakvol pkusofqgku, Ey suopgolh sma a}pjus jd kppkuagv' xa fkl kcc njua smkl 1 noggojl couafs

ijev klc 8 noggojl olcouafs ijev ol sma kggoac vafsju' puonkuogy ol sma fqgsotksojl jd fjssjl,

Fjlfausac addjusv kua laacac ol fjssjl uavakufm' safmljgjhy halauksojl' suklvdau jd

safmljgjhy' njcauloksojl klc qphukcolh jd hollolh klc puavvolh dkfsjuoav klc kl

khhuavvota nkubasolh vsuksahy,%

Gksavs laxv dujn sma Sa}soga vafsju,

;, Nolovsuy jd dolklfa mkv kccac ;41 lax sa}soga pujcqfsv qlcau cqsy cukxekfb

vfmacqga, Sma lax pujcqfsv olfgqcac xjjg sjpv' fjssjl ykul' kfuygof ykul' tovfjva

ykul' tkuojqv egalcac ykul*dkeuofv' dovmolh lasv asf, Dqusmau' sma a}ovsolh alsuoav ol

sma cukxekfb vfmacqga uagksolh sj hkunalsv mkta eaal a}pklcac sj fuaksa vapkuksa

alsuoav jd hkunalsv nkca qp jd -;/ fjssjl2 -5/ nkl nkca doeau egalc klc -6/
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8wP k h aNND, Vapkuksa uksav mkta eaal puavfuoeac dju smava fksahjuoav jd hkunalsv jl sma

ekvov jd fjnpjvosojl jd sa}sogav,

5, Kdsau sma pmkvolh jqs jd {qjsk uahona qlcau sma nqgso.doeua pkfs' Olcok fkl

altovkha osv sa}soga vafsju eafjnolh #;00e olcqvsuy ey 50;0, Smov xogg olfgqca

a}pjusv jd #10e, Sma pujpjvac skuhasv xjqgc ea kfmoatac pujtocac uadjunv kua

olosoksac ol sa}soga vafsju klc gjfkg nklqdkfsquauv kcjps nakvquav sj onpujta smaou

fjnpasosotalavv, K 1.pujlhac vsuksahy konolh sj kssukfs DCO ey nkbolh uadjunv ol

gjfkg nkubas' uapgkfanals jd a}ovsolh olcouafs sk}av xosm k volhga lksojlxoca

TKS' goeaukgoksojl jd fjlsukfs ljunv dju sa}soga klc hkunalsv qlosv' agonolksojl

jd uavsuofsojlv smks fkqva pjju jpauksojlkg klc juhkloksojlkg paudjunklfa jd

nklqdkfsquauv' xkv vqhhavsac,

6, Sma Qlojl Nolovsau Vmklbku Volhm Tkhmagk vkoc smks sma Ejkuc dju Olcqvsuokg klc

Dolklfokg Uafjlvsuqfsojl -EODU/ mkc kppujtac uamkeogosksojl vfmanav dju vofb

LSF noggv ks k fjvs jd Uv 6'?00 fujua, Jd sma 44 noggv' 41 qltokega noggv mkta

eaal fgjvac kdsau onpganalsolh tjgqlskuy uasouanals vfmana -TUV/ sj kgg

anpgjyaav, Kffjucolh sj mon' sma hjtaulnals mkv kguakcy fjlvsosqsac kvvasv vkga

fjnnossaav fjnpuovolh uapuavalsksotav jd Falsukg klc vsksa hjtaulnalsv'

jpauksota khalfy' EODU' LSF klc sma fjlfaulac LSF vqevocokuy sj addafs vkga jd

kvvasv smujqhm jpal salcau vyvsan,

3, Pujpjvkgv dju njcauloksojl jd LSF noggv mkta eaal nkca sj sma fjlvqgsksota

fjnnossaa naneauv' olfgqcolh djunksojl jd k fjnnossaa jd a}pausv sj onpujta

nklkhanals jd smava noggv, Atal sma puavals vsksqv jd iqsa olcqvsuy xkv qlcau sma

vfkllau jd sma fjlvqgsksota fjnnossaa,

1, Sma Hjtaulnals mkc klljqlfac fmklha dujn sma tkgqa.ekvac cukxekfb uksa

mosmausj djggjxac sj k xaohms.ekvac vsuqfsqua dju sa}soga a}pjusv smks xogg

covfjqukha ukx nksauokg a}pjusv klc kgvj fquskog sma vfjpa dju novqvolh sma

cukxekfb fgkonv ey ejjvsolh oltjofa tkgqa jd a}pjusv,

4, LFCA] gkqlfmac osv vogb fjlsukfs -ukx vogb klc fjfjjl/ jl Smquvcky' Iklqkuy 50'

5001,,, Xosm smov gkqlfm' sma sjskg lqneau jd pujcqfsv jddauac ey LFCA] hjav qp

sj 58,Sma gkqlfm jd sma vogb fjlsukfs xogg jddau sma alsoua vqosa jd doeauv sj sma

alsoua tkgqa fmkol uklholh dujn dkunauv sj sa}soga noggv, Xosm sma jeiafsota jd


8/58

=wP k h apujsafsolh sma olsauavsv jd smjva kddafsac eqs XSJ khuaanalsv klc hgjekgoksojl

pujfavv' Hjtaulnals jd Olcok ijolsgy xosm LFCA] mkv kcjpsac k pjgofy jd

alfjqukholh dqsqua fjlsukfsv jd vogb, Sma Nolovsuy jd Sa}sogav klc sma Falsukg Vogb

Ejkuc -FVE/ mkc cafocac sj olsujcqfa dqsquav sukcolh ol nqgeauuy fjfjjlv klc

ukx vogb jl LFCA], Sma ekvof pqupjva ov sj nosohksa sma uovb kvvjfoksac xosm sma

fmklholh puofav smujqhm kl addofoals puofa covfjtauy nafmklovn, Dqsquav sukcolh

jl sma LFCA] xogg pujtoca kl kgsaulksota sukcolh ktalqa dju dkunauv' xaktauv

klc sukcauv klc magp sman nkba k eassau puofa covfjtauy dju smaou pujcqfa, Os xogg

kgvj magp sman sj uacqfa uovbv kvvjfoksac xosm puofa tjgksogosy smujqhm macholh

FCA], Sma ekvof pqupjva ov sj nosohksa sma uovb kvvjfoksac xosm sma fmklholh

puofav smujqhm kl addofoals puofa covfjtauy nafmklovn, Dqsquav sukcolh jl sma

LFCA] xogg pujtoca kl kgsaulksota sukcolh ktalqa dju dkunauv' xaktauv klc

sukcauv klc magp sman nkba k eassau puofa covfjtauy dju smaou pujcqfa, Os xogg kgvj

magp sman sj uacqfa uovbv kvvjfoksac xosm puofa tjgksogosy smujqhm macholh,


9/58

?wP k h a

FMKPSAU 5

OLSUJCQFSOJL SJ SA]SOGA A]PJUS

Olsujcqfsojl

Sma Nqgso.Doeau Kuuklhanals -NDK/ mkv hjtaulac olsaulksojlkg sukca ol sa}sogav klc

fgjsmolh volfa ;?83, Sma NDK alkegac catagjpac lksojlv' nkolgy sma QVK' Aqujpakl

Qlojl klc Fklkck sj uavsuofs onpjusv dujn catagjpolh fjqlsuoav smujqhm k vyvsan jd

{qjskv,

Sma Khuaanals jl Sa}sogav klc Fgjsmolh -KSF/ sj kejgovm NDK {qjskv nkubac k

vohlodofkls squlkujqlc ol sma hgjekg sa}soga sukca, Sma KSF nklcksac pujhuavvota pmkva

jqs jd onpjus {qjskv avskegovmac qlcau NDK' klc sma olsahuksojl jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh

olsj sma nqgsogksaukg sukcolh vyvsan eadjua Iklqkuy 5001,

Sma Khuaanals jl Sa}sogav klc Fgjsmolh

KSF ov k suklvosjuy uahona easxaal sma NDK klc sma olsahuksojl jd sukcolh ol sa}sogav klc

fgjsmolh ol sma nqgsogksaukg sukcolh vyvsan, Sma KSF pujtocac dju k vskha.xova

olsahuksojl pujfavv sj ea fjnpgasac xosmol k pauojc jd sal yakuv -;??1.5003/' cotocac olsj

djqu vskhav vskusolh xosm sma onpganalsksojl jd sma khuaanals ol ;??1, Sma pujcqfs

hujqpv dujn xmofm pujcqfsv xaua sj ea olsahuksac ks akfm vskha jd sma olsahuksojl

olfgqcac -o/ sjpv klc ykulv2 -oo/ dkeuofv2 -ooo/ nkca.qp sa}soga pujcqfsv2 klc -ot/ fgjsmolh,

Sma KSF nklcksac smks onpjusolh fjqlsuoav nqvs olsahuksa k vpafodoac nolonqn pjusojl

jd smaou sa}soga klc hkunals a}pjusv ekvac jl sjskg tjgqna jd sukca ol ;??0' ks sma vskus jd

akfm pmkva jd olsahuksojl, Ol sma douvs vskha' akfm fjqlsuy xkv ua{qouac sj olsahuksa ;4paufals jd sma sjskg tjgqna jd onpjusv jd ;??0' djggjxac ey k dqusmau ;8 paufals ks sma

alc jd douvs smuaa yaku klc kljsmau ;= paufals ks sma alc jd smouc vskha, Sma djqusm vskha

xjqgc vaa sma dolkg olsahuksojl jd sma uankololh 3? paufals jd sukca,


10/58

;0wP k h aHgjekg Sukca ol Sa}soga klc Fgjsmolh

Xjugc sukca ol sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh knjqlsac sj QV # 6=1 eoggojl ol 5006' jd xmofm

sa}sogav kffjqlsac dju 36 paufals -QV # ;4? el/ klc sma uankololh 18 paufals -QV # 554

el/ dju fgjsmolh, Catagjpac fjqlsuoav kffjqlsac dju gossga jtau jla.smouc jd xjugc a}pjusv

ol sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh, Sma vmkuav jd catagjpac fjqlsuoav ol sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh sukca

xaua avsonksac sj ea 38 paufals -QV # 8? el/ klc 5? paufals' -QV # 4; el/ uavpafsotagy,

Onpjus Sualcv ol QVK

Ol ;??0' uavsukolac ju NDK fjqlsuoav fjlsuoeqsac kv nqfm kv =8 paufals -QV # 5?,6 el/

jd sjskg QV sa}soga klc fgjsmolh onpjusv' xmauakv Fkuoeeakl Ekvol Olosoksota -FEO/' Ljusm

Knauofkl Duaa Sukca Kuak -LKDSK/' Kduofk Hujxsm klc Jppjusqlosy Kfs -KHJK/ klc

KLCAKL fjqlsuoav sjhasmau fjlsuoeqsac ;6 paufals -QV # 3,3 el/, Smauakdsau' smaua mkv

eaal k cafgola ol a}pjusv ey uavsukolac fjqlsuoav2 sma vmkua jd puadaualsokg uahojlv njua

smkl cjqegac sj uakfm 60 paufals -QV # 54,? el/ jd sjskg onpjusv ey QVK,

Sma fjnpjvosojl jd onpjusv jd fgjsmolh klc sa}sogav ey QVK ol 5006 xkv =0 paufals -QV

# 8; el/ klc 50 paufals -QV # ;= el/' uavpafsotagy, Kvok xkv sma puolfopkg vjqufolh

uahojl dju onpjusv jd ejsm sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh ey QVK, Gksol Knauofkl uahojl vsjjc ks

vafjlc pjvosojl xosm k vmkua jd ;5 paufals -QV # 5,5 el/ klc 54 paufals -QV # ;=,1 el/'

uavpafsotagy' dju sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh onpjusv' ey QVK, Ol njvs jd sma {qjsk pujcqfsv

onpjusac ey QVK' Olcok xkv jla jd sma gakcolh vqppgoauv jd uakcynkca hkunalsv ol QVK,

Smjqhm Fmolk ov k eohhavs fjnpasosju' sma qlos puofav jd Fmolk dju njvs jd smava pujcqfs

hujqpv xaua mohm klc smqv pujtoca jppjusqlosoav dju Olcokl eqvolavv,

Onpjus Sualcv ol AQ

AQ jtausjjb QVK kv sma xjugcv gkuhavs nkubas dju sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh, Olsuk.AQ sukca

kffjqlsac dju kejqs 30 paufals -QV # 30 el/ jd sjskg fgjsmolh onpjusv klc 45 paufals -QV

# 65,1 el/ jd sjskg sa}soga onpjusv ey AQ, Kvok cjnolksav AQ nkubas ol ejsm fgjsmolh klc

sa}sogav' xosm 60 paufals -QV # 60 el/ klc ;8 paufals -QV # = el/ vmkua' uavpafsotagy,


11/58

;;wP k h aFalsukg klc Akvs Aqujpakl fjqlsuoav mjgc k nkubas vmkua jd ;; paufals -QV # ;;,6 el/ ol

fgjsmolh klc 8,1 paufals -QV # 3 el/ ol sa}sogav onpjusv jd AQ,

Kv uahkucv puadaualsokg vqppgoauv' sma hujxsm jd sukca easxaal AQ klc Nacosauuklakl

fjqlsuoav' avpafokggy Ahyps klc Squbay' xkv mohmavs ol 5006, Kv uahkucv olcotocqkg

fjqlsuoav' Fmolk kffjqlsac dju gossga jtau 1 paufals -QV # 5,= el/ jd AQv onpjusv jd

sa}sogav klc jtau ;5 paufals -QV # ;5,3 el/ jd fgjsmolh onpjusv,

Ol sma AQ nkubas kgvj' Olcok ov k gakcolh vqppgoau dju nkly jd sma sa}soga pujcqfsv, Os ov

avsonksac smks Squbay xjqgc anauha kv k eohhavs fjnpasosju dju ejsm Olcok klc Fmolk,

Mjxatau' xosm uahkuc sj qlos puofav' Olcok kppakuv sj ea gjxau smkl ejsm Squbay klc

Fmolk ol nkly jd sma fksahjuoav,

Onpjus Sualcv ol Fklkck

Knjlhvs sma gakcolh vqppgoauv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh sj Fklkck' QVK mkc sma mohmavs

vmkua jd jtau 6; paufals -QV # =,3 el/' djggjxac ey Fmolk -5;! . QV # ;,= el/ klc AQ

-=! . QV # 0,4 el/, Olcok xkv uklbac ks djqusm pjvosojl klc xkv kmakc jd jsmau a}pjusauv

goba Na}ofj' Eklhgkcavm klc Squbay' xosm k nkubas vmkua jd 1,5 paufals -QV # 0,31 el/,

Pjsalsokg Hkolv

Os nky ea ljsac smks fgjsmolh vafsju xjqgc jddau mohmau hkolv smkl sma sa}soga vafsju' ol sma

pjvs NDK uahona, Fjqlsuoav goba Na}ofj' FEO fjqlsuoav' nkly jd sma Kduofkl fjqlsuoav

anauhac kv a}pjusauv jd uakcynkca hkunalsv xosmjqs mktolh nqfm jd sa}soga ekva'

qsogoolh sma puadaualsokg skuodd kuuklhanals qlcau sma {qjsk uahona, Eavocav' fjqlsuoav

goba Eklhgkcavm' Vuo Gklbk' klc Fknejcok anauhac kv hkunals a}pjusauv cqa sj fjvs

dkfsjuv' ol kccosojl sj sma {qjsk ealadosv, Smqv' os nky ea fjlfgqcac smks smava fjqlsuoav

kua gobagy sj gjva smaou nkubas vmkua ol sma dqsqua vfalkuoj,


12/58

;5wP k h a

Avsonksac Hkolv ol QVK klc AQ Dju Fmolk klc Olcok

-QV # Eoggojl/

Nkubasv

Sa}sogav Fgjsmolh Sjskg

Puavals

-5006/

Dqsqua -50;3/ Puavals

-5006/

Dqsqua

-50;3/

50;3

Hkolv ol Fmolk Olcok Fmolk Olcok Fmolk Olcok Fmolk Olcok Fmolk Olcok

QVK 6,4 ;,1 ;6,0 1,0 ;5,0 5,6 48 ;6 =0 ;=

-50/ -=,3/ -65/ -;6,1/ -;4,?/ -6,5/ -35/ -=/ -30/ -?/

AQ 5,= ;,? ;5 = ;5,6 6,0 40 ;4 85 53

-1,6/ -6,5/ -;5/ -=/ -;5,5/ -6,0/ -60/ -=/ -53/ -=/

Os nky ea vkoc smks fjqlsuoav goba Fmolk' QVK' Olcok' Pkbovskl' Qeabovskl klc Squbay

mkta uavjqufa ekvac kctklskhav ol fjssjl2 Fmolk' Olcok' Toaslkn klc Eukog mkta

uavjqufa ekvac kctklskhav ol vogb2 Kqvsukgok' Fmolk' Lax Yakgklc klc Olcok mkta

uavjqufa ekvac kctklskhav ol xjjg2 Fmolk' Olcok' Olcjlavok' Skoxkl' Squbay' QVK'

Bjuak klc dax FOV fjqlsuoav mkta uavjqufa ekvac kctklskhav ol nklnkca doeauv, Ol

kccosojl' Fmolk' Olcok' Pkbovskl' QVK' Olcjlavok mkta fkpkfosy ekvac kctklskhav ol sma

sa}soga vpollolh klc xaktolh,

Fmolk ov fjvs fjnpasosota xosm uahkuc sj nklqdkfsqua jd sa}squac ykul' blossac ykul dkeuof

klc xjtal sa}squac dkeuof, Eukog ov fjvs fjnpasosota xosm uahkuc sj nklqdkfsqua jd

xjtal uolh ykul, Olcok ov fjvs fjnpasosota xosm uahkuc sj nklqdkfsqua jd uolh.ykul' J.A

ykul' xjtal J.A ykul dkeuof' blossac uolh ykul dkeuof klc blossac J.A ykul dkeuof,

Kffjucolh sj Xaulau Nklkhanals Fjlvqgsklsv' QVK' sma mjqugy xkha fjvsv ol sa}soga

olcqvsuy ov tauy mohm dju nkly jd sma catagjpac fjqlsuoav, Atal ol catagjpolh afjljnoav

goba Kuhalsolk' Eukog' Na}ofj' Squbay klc Nkquosoqv' sma mjqugy xkha ov mohmau kv

fjnpkuac sj Olcok' Fmolk' Pkbovskl klc Olcjlavok,

Dujn sma kejta klkgyvov' os nky ea fjlfgqcac smks Fmolk' Olcok' Pkbovskl' Skoxkl' Mjlh

Bjlh' Eukog' Olcjlavok' Squbay klc Ahyps xjqgc anauha kv xollauv ol sma pjvs {qjsk

uahona, Sma nkubas gjvauv ol sma vmjus saun -;.5 yakuv/ xjqgc olfgqca FEO fjqlsuoav'


13/58

;6wP k h ankly jd sma vqe.Vkmkukl Kduofkl fjqlsuoav' Kvokl fjqlsuoav goba Eklhgkcavm klc Vuo

Gklbk,

Sma nkubas gjvauv ol sma gjlh saun -ey 50;3/ xjqgc olfgqca mohm fjvs pujcqfauv' goba AQ'

QVK' Fklkck' Na}ofj' Ikpkl klc nkly akvs Kvokl fjqlsuoav, Sma casaunolklsv jd

olfuakva * cafuakva ol nkubas vmkua ol sma nacoqn saun xjqgc mjxatau capalc qpjl sma

fjvs' {qkgosy klc sonagy Uatoax jd Olcokl Sa}sogav klc Fgjsmolh Olcqvsuy Sma sa}sogav klc

hkunalsv olcqvsuy ov jla jd sma gkuhavs klc njvs pujnolals vafsjuv jd Olcokl afjljny' ol

saunv jd jqspqs' djuaohl a}fmklha akulolhv klc anpgjynals halauksojl, Olcokl sa}soga

olcqvsuy ov nqgso.doeau ekvac' qvolh cagotauy, Ol sma gjlh uql' smaua kua pjvvoeogosoav jd

fjlsukfsojl ol olsuk.AQ sukca ol sa}soga klc hkunalsv' uacqfsojl jd nkubas vmkua jd Squbay

ol AQ klc nkubas vmkua jd Na}ofj klc Fklkck ol QVK' klc smqv pujtoca njuajppjusqlosoav dju catagjpolh fjqlsuoav goba Olcok,

Os ov avsonksac smks ol sma vmjus saun' ejsm Fmolk klc Olcok xjqgc hkol kccosojlkg nkubas

vmkua pujpjusojlksa sj smaou fquuals nkubas vmkua, Ol sma nacoqn saun' mjxatau' Olcok klc

Fmolk xjqgc mkta k fqnqgksota nkubas vmkua jd 10 paufals' ol ejsm sa}sogav klc hkunals

onpjusv ey QVK, Os ov avsonksac smks Olcok xjqgc mkta k nkubas vmkua jd ;6,1 paufals ol

sa}sogav klc = paufals ol hkunalsv ol sma QVK nkubas, Xosm uahkuc sj AQ' os ov avsonksac

smks sma ealadosv kua nkolgy ol sma hkunalsv vafsju' xosm Fmolk skbolh k nkiju vmkua jd 60

paufals klc Olcok hkololh k nkubas vmkua jd = paufals, Sma pjsalsokg hkol ol sma sa}soga

vafsju ov gonosac ol sma AQ nkubas fjlvocauolh sma pujpjvac dqusmau algkuhanals jd AQ, Os

ov avsonksac smks Olcok xjqgc mkta k nkubas vmkua jd = paufals ol AQ sa}sogav nkubas kv

khkolvs sma Fmolkv nkubas vmkua jd ;5 paufals,


14/58

;3wP k h a

FMKPSAU 6

Onpkfs jd kl Knauofkl Uafavvojl jl Olcok

Olcokl fjnpkloav mkta nkiju jqsvjqufolh cakgv dujn sma QV, Olcok(v a}pjusv sj sma QV

mkta kgvj hujxl vqevsklsokggy jtau sma yakuv, Sma Olcok afjljny ov gobagy sj gjva easxaal

; sj 5 paufalskha pjolsv ol HCP hujxsm ol sma la}s dovfkg yaku, Olcokl fjnpkloav xosm eoh

sofbasv cakgv ol sma QV xjqgc vaa smaou pujdos nkuholv vmuolbolh,

Sma xjuuoav dju a}pjusauv xogg hujx kv uqpaa vsualhsmalv dqusmau khkolvs sma cjggku, Eqs

a}pausv ljsa smks sma gjlh.saun pujvpafsv dju Olcok kua vskega, K xakb cjggku fjqgc euolh

njua djuaohl njlay sj Olcokl nkubasv, Jog nky has fmakpau euololh cjxl oldgksojl, K

uafavvojl fjqgc euolh cjxl jog puofav sj #80,

Sma xmjga jd Kvok xjqgc ea mos ey k uafavvojl kv os capalcv jl sma QV afjljny, Atal

smjqhm cjnavsof canklc klc cotauvodofksojl jd sukca ol sma Kvokl uahojl xogg pkusgy

fjqlsau kly cujp ol sma QV canklc' jla vonpgy fkl(s avfkpa k cjxlsqul ol sma xjugc(v

gkuhavs afjljny, Sma QV afjljny kffjqlsv dju 60 pau fals jd sma xjugc(v HCP,

Vkyv Vqcop Eklcyjpkcmyky' couafsju klc FAJ' Uagoklfa Njlay9 %Ol sma hgjekgovac

xjugc' fjnpgasa cafjqpgolh ov onpjvvoega, Eqs Olcok nky uankol uagksotagy gavv kddafsac

ey kctauva hgjekg atalsv,% Ol dkfs' nkly vnkgg klc nacoqn fjnpkloav mkta kguakcy

vskusac catagjpolh sukca soav xosm Fmolk klc Aqujpakl fjqlsuoav sj xkuc jdd eoh gjvvav,

Nklovm Vjlsmkgok' makc' a{qosy' Njsogkg Jvxkg Vafquosoav' vkyv od sma QV afjljny

fjlsukfsv nqfm njua smkl klsofopksac' sma xmjga xjugc(v HCP hujxsm.xmofm ov avsonksac

ks 6,8 pau fals ey sma OND.xogg fjlsukfs' klc Olcok xjqgc ea lj a}fapsojl,

Sma jlgy vogtau gololh ov smks sma uafavvojl xogg mkppal vgjxgy' pujekegy ol vo} njlsmv ju

vj, Kv jd ljx' OS klc OS.alkegac vautofav' sa}sogav' iaxaggauy' mklcofukdsv klc gaksmau

vahnalsv xogg vqddau gjvvav eafkqva jd smaou sukca golb, Fauskol vafsojlv jd fjnnjcosoav

fjqgc dkfa vmkup onpkfs cqa sj sma tjgksoga lksqua jd smava vafsjuv, F,I, Hajuha' nklkholh


15/58

;1wP k h acouafsju' Hajios Dolklfokg Vautofav' vkyv pujdosv jd gjsv jd ua.a}pjus dounv nky ea kddafsac,

Fjqlsuoav goba Fmolk onpjus fjnnjcosoav dujn Olcok cj vjna tkgqa.kccosojl klc smal

a}pjus sman sj sma QV,

Sma OS vafsju xogg ea sma xjuvs mos kv 81 pau fals jd osv uatalqav fjna dujn sma QV, Gjx

canklc dju vautofav nky djufa njvs Olcokl Djusqla 100 fjnpkloav sj vgkvm smaou OS

eqchasv, Yolljt Fjlvqgsolh' k uavakufm klc jddvmjua kctovjuy' vkyv smks eavocav

fjnpkloav dujn OSaV klc EPJ' kqsjnjsota fjnpjlalsv xogg ea kddafsac,

Cquolh k dqgg uafavvojl' QV fjnpkloav ol makgsm fkua' dolklfokg vautofav klc kgg

fjlvqnauv canklc cuotal dounv kua gobagy sj fqs cjxl jl smaou vpalcolh, Knjlh jsmau

vafsjuv' nklqdkfsquolh klc dolklfokg olvsosqsojlv kua njcauksagy tqglaukega, Od sma vautofa

vafsju skbav k vauojqv mos' Olcok nky mkta sj uatova osv HCP sj kejqs = sj =,1 pau fals ju

atal gavv,

Gjbalcuk Sjnku' valoju tofa.puavocals' Olsahuajl' k EPJ doun' vkyv sma QV uafavvojl ov

gobagy sj mkta k cqkg onpkfs jl sma jqsvjqufolh olcqvsuy, Kppuafoksolh uqpaa kgjlh xosm

pjju paudjunklfa jd QV fjnpkloav -gkx dounv' oltavsnals eklbv klc nacok mjqvav/ xogg

kddafs sma ejssjn gola jd sma jqsvjqufolh olcqvsuy, Vnkgg EPJv' xmofm kua jpauksolh ks k

las nkuhol jd 8.= pau fals' xogg dolc os coddofqgs sj vqutota,

Kffjucolh sj Cmkunkbouso Ijvmo' couafsju klc puolfopkg afjljnovs jd FUOVOG' kgjlh klc

vataua uafavvojl xogg vauojqvgy kddafs sma pjusdjgoj klc do}ac oltavsnals dgjxv, Fjupjuksav

xogg kgvj vqddau dujn tjgksogosy ol djuaohl a}fmklha uksav, Sma a}pjus vafsju xogg mkta sj

catova lax vsuksahoav sj almklfa pujcqfsotosy,

Sma vpafskfqgku fjggkpva jd Gamnkl Eujsmauv' ;10.yaku.jgc fjnpkly' xmal os kppgoac dju

eklbuqpsfy vqupuovac atauyjla, Sma fuovov kujva cqa sj k mjvs jd vnkgg eklbv xmofm mkc'

dju vataukg yakuv' eaal vklfsojlolh mjqvolh gjklv xosmjqs' ju olkca{qksa' vafquosoav, Smaua

ov lj cjqes smks sma Xkgg Vsuaas fuovov xogg jlgy mkta k nkuholkg addafs jl Olcok' smklbv

gkuhagy sj sma fkqsojqv uahqgksjuy vyvsan ol pgkfa,


16/58

;4wP k h aOs xjqgc ea lkta sj onkhola smks k uafavvojl ol sma Qlosac Vsksav xjqgc mkta lj onpkfs

jl Olcok, Sma Qlosac Vsksav kffjqlsv dju jla.djqusm jd sma xjugc HCP klc kly vohlodofkls

vgjxcjxl ov ejqlc sj mkta uataueauksojlv agvaxmaua, Jl sma jsmau mklc'

olsaucapalcalfoav easxaal sma QV afjljny klc anauholh afjljnoav goba Olcok klc

Fmolk mkv uacqfac fjlvocaukegy jtau sma gkvs sxj cafkcav,

Olcok mkv vmkupgy fuosofoac sma Qlosac Lksojlv -QL/ klc osv kddogoksac juhkloksojlv dju

vossolh jl sma vocagolav kv sma fquuals dolklfokg fuovov qldjgcac' vkyolh sma Olsaulksojlkg

Njlaskuy Dqlc uankolac magpgavv cavposa sma afjljnof nagscjxl onpkfsolh sma

catagjpolh lksojlv,

Olcok fkggac jl sma xjugc ejcy sj qva osv qlotauvkgosy sj fjjucolksa kl olsaulksojlkg

uavpjlva' xmofm ov fuqfokg sj jtaufjnolh sma fuovov,

Olcokl Vjdsxkua Olcqvsuy9 Squeqgalfa ol sma hgjekg dolklfokg nkubasv fjqgc

suklvgksa olsj lkvsy vqupuovav dju sma Olcokl Vjdsxkua Olcqvsuy, Sma Olcokl OS

talcjuv mkta eaal dkfolh fmkggalholh sonav kv k uavqgs jd qlfauskolsy ol sma QV

klc Aqujpa dju xagg jtau k yaku ljx,

Sma fuovov smjqhm ov ljs hjolh sj ea uavsuofsac sj sma talcjuv a}pjvac sj smava

fjnpkloav kgjla, Sma maks xogg ea dags kfujvv sma olcqvsuy kv sma fuovov gakcv sj kl

jtaukgg vgjxcjxl ol OS vpalcv, Jtaukgg' sma nkubas xogg cjl k njua fjlvautksota

kppujkfm sjxkuc kly vpalcolh' olfgqcolh OS vpalcolh' kv sma fjnpkloav xkls sj

xkos klc xksfm xmksv hjolh sj mkppal sj sma eqvolavv, Xmal sma xmjga olcqvsuy ov

ol squnjog' fjnpkloav eafjna fkqsojqv klc vsap ekfb sj smolb mjx klc xmaua sj

vpalc' a}pgkolv Kutolc Smkbqu' FAJ' LOOS Safmljgjhoav,

Puagonolkuy klkgyvov jd sma fquuals vfalkuoj olcofksav kl onpkfs jl covfuasojlkuyvpalc jl OS cqa sj sma qlfauskolsy klc fqvsjnau cafovojlv eaolh pjvspjlac ,Ol sma

vmjus.saun sma talcjuv xogg fjlsolqa sj has sma vkna hujxsm uksa, Xmoga ljl.

covfuasojlkuy vpalc ov ljs hjolh sj has nqfm onpkfsac' sma covfuasojlkuy vpalc

-jl lax safmljgjhoav klc olsahuksojl jd lax safmljgjhoav/ ov hjolh sj ea gonosac,


17/58

;8wP k h aLjl.covfuasojlkuy OS vpalc xogg sypofkggy olfgqca a}ovsolh xjub' gota pujiafsv klc

nkolsalklfa bolc jd xjub,

Canklc Vgjxcjxl9 Vo} njlsmv kdsau Eaku Vsaulv xals qlcau klc xkv kf{qouac

ey IP Njuhkl' sma gksavs vauoav jd atalsv ol sma QV dolklfokg vafsju xjqgc dqusmau

vgjx cjxl sma canklc dju OS vautofav, Njvs OS fjnpkloav' mjxatau' coc ljs

jddau kly fjnnals fosolh vogals pauojc eadjua {qkusaugy uavqgsv, Ol OS eqchasv' sma

ljl.covfuasojlkuy vpalc' xmofm ov kejqs 80 pau fals' xogg fjlsolqa, Ol k cjxlsqul'

covfuasojlkuy vpalc jl lax pujiafsv' olljtksojl ju qp hukcksojl hasv kddafsac, Sma

onpkfs' od kly' xogg ea jl sma gkssau, Qldjusqlksagy' sma afjljnof vgjxcjxl mkv

eaal fksfmolh qp xosm sma jsmau tausofkgv kv xagg' lknagy sagafjn' uaskog klc

nklqdkfsquolh' avpafokggy sma kqsjnjeoga vahnals, Vjna jd sma cknkha fjlsujg

nakvquav ey sma QV nky nkba nkssauv xjuva dju Olcokl OS fjnpkloav,

Covoltavsnals9 Sma onnacoksa addafs mkv eaal sma covoltavsnals ol Olcokl Vmkua

Nkubas ey Djuaohl Olvsosqsojlkg Oltavsjuv, cquolh sma pkvs dax yakuv' djuaohlauv

mkta pqnpac ol kejqs 40 jcc eoggojl cjggkuv ol jucau sj eqy vmkuav ol Olcokl

fjnpkloav, sma uavjqufa fuqlfm klc go{qocosy pujeganv ol Xkgg Vsuaas djufac sman

sj go{qocksa smaou Olcokl vmkua mjgcolhv, Smov gac sj sma fukvm jd sma VALVA] klc

sma kusodofokg mqa klc fuy jtau os, Eqs kv sma djuaohl oltavsjuv xosmcuax smaou

oltavsnalsv' xa mkc k las jqsdgjx jd djuaohl dqlcv' capuavvolh sma a}fmklhatkgqa jd sma Uqpaa khkolvs sma Cjggku klc jsmau fquualfoav,

Eklbolh Vyvsan9 Xa mkta k fmkol jdeklbolh vyvsan ekvac vsogg jl fjlfaps jd

xagdkuav uksmau smkl pujdosv, Sma quekl -15/ klc vsksa fjjpauksota eklbv -;4/ mkta

eaal pgkyolh vohlodofkls ujgav ol nkbolh (dqlcknalskg jqu afjljny( vsujlh,

Xa mkta mkc catagjpac (k vfoalsodof dovfkg nafmklovn jd fjlvovsals njlosjuolh(

vyvsan dju jqu eklbolh vyvsan xmofm xjqgc baap jqu afjljny vkda ol a}salvju'

xmal sma xjugc(v afjljny ov ol a}suanov,

Fjnnjl nal' palvojlauv klc vnkgg cjnavsof vktolhv vsogg puadau pjvs jddofav dju

jla vonpga uakvjl' sma mohm uksav jd olsauavs uksav ol fjnpkuovjl xosm kly jsmau

dolklfokg olvsosqsojlv,


18/58

;=wP k h a

A}pjus Eqvolavvav9 A}pjus Eqvolavvav xogg vqddau eafkqva jd dkgg ol djuaohl

canklc' eqs sma capuavvac Olcokl Uqpaa xogg vas os jdd sj vjna a}sals, Sma uavs jd

qv ol uqukg Olcok vmjqgc ljs vqddau nqfm . eqs kgkv+ jqu fkposkgovs.juoalsac

Hjtaulnals xogg nkba qv vqddau, Eafkqva smaou huaksavs egqa ayac pasv' sma

fkposkgovsv xmj vqddau gjvvav cqa sj capuavvojl jd sma tkgqa jd sma vmkuav jd smaou

fjnpkloav' xogg ukova puavvqua jl sma Nolovsauv jd sma Hjtaulnals, Atal sma

puofav jd pasujg klc coavag xogg ljs ea fjuuafsac cjxl xkucv' eafkqva

Hjtaulnals(v pas ejyv nky vqddau gjvv jd a}favv pujdosv, Vj' sma hjtaulnals xogg

nkba qv vqddau,

Uqukg Afjljny 9 Afjljnof fuovov smks ov ljx fuqvmolh sma pjju kujqlc sma

hgjea klc dju gkfbolh kly tovojl dju sma dqsqua ju mjx sma juhkloksojl fjqgc magp

catagjpolh fjqlsuoav cakg xosm sma vauojqv gjjnolh fmkggalhav, Sma qpmaktkgv ol

sma dolklfokg nkubasv mkta tauy gossga sj cj xosm uqukg afjljny, Olcokl dolklfokg

nkubas avpafokggy eklbv mkta kgxkyv eaal qlcau UEO vfkllau' atal cquolh ljunkg

sonav,

Nkvv Gkyjddv9 Olcoklv kua ljs qvac sj nkvv gkyjddv, Sma uafals afjljnof ejjn

mkv fjlcosojlac sman sj a}pafs eoh fjnpkloav sj klljqlfa eoh pujdosv' ljs

xmjgavkga vkfbolhv, Olcok(v uohoc olcqvsuokg uagksojlv vyvsan mkv kgvj gjlh

covfjqukhac fjupjuksojlv dujn nkbolh eoh uasualfmnalsv, Olcokv eohhavs puotksakougola' Ias Kouxkyv' djqlc jqs mjx caapgy sma fjnnqlosy uavalsv smov olcqvsuokg

vsuksahy xmal os %uagakvac% ;?00 xjubauv,K fujxc jd laxgy uasualfmac fkeol

fuax' cuavvac ol qlodjun' vsjunac sma kougola(v makc{qkusauv ol Nqneko sj tals

smaou klhau,

Mklcofukds Vafsju 9 Sma mklcofukdsv vafsju xogg ea sma njvs vatauagy mos' djggjxac

ey hanv klc iaxaggauy, Smaua mkv eaal k nkvvota cafgola jd 30.10 paufals ol

mklcofukds a}pjusv dujn gkvs yaku,Smksv eafkqva smov nkubas ov kgnjvs fjnpgasagy

QV.cuotal, Ol hanv klc iaxaggauy' hujxsm xkv pujiafsac ks 50 paufals' eqs cqa sj

sma cxolcgolh tkgqa jd sma cjggku klc sma vgjxcjxl ol sma QV' sma hujxsm uksa ov

cjxl sj ;0 paufals,


19/58

;?wP k h aOl gohms jd sma movsjuofkg vohlodofklfa jd sma fuovov os ov sjj akugy sj puacofs kgg osv

fjlva{qalfav, Xmks xa fkl ea vqua kejqs' smjqhm' ov smks sma xjugc afjljny ol halaukg

klc sma catagjpolh fjqlsuoav ol pkusofqgku xogg vqddau dujn os ol sma dqsqua,

FMKPSAU 3

ONPKFS JL OLCOKL SA]SOGA A]PJUS

(A}faupsv dujn sma puavalsksojl hotal eadjua Capqsy Fmkounkl jd sma Pgkllolh

Fjnnovvojl Nu,Njlsab Volhm Kmgqxkgok(

Hgjekg sa}soga $ fgjsmolh olcqvsuy ov xjusm QV# 1=3 eoggojl xmaua fgjsmolh vmkua

kffjqlsv dju 40! jd vmkua, Hgjekg sukca ov a}pafsac sj hujx sj QV# 8;0 eoggojl ey 50;0,

Xmauakv' eqgb jd sma olfuakva ov a}pafsac sj ea ol Fgjsmolh' pujiafsac sj hujx sj QV# 380

eoggojl, Sma QV nkubas kgjla kffjqlsv dju QV# =3,=1 eoggojl jd kppkuag a}pjusv,

Sa}soga $ kppkuag vafsju' kgjla' kffjqlsv dju ;3! jd sma sjskg olcqvsuokg pujcqfsojl, Smov

vafsju mjgcv sma vafjlc gkuhavs pjvosojl kdsau khuofqgsqua ol anpgjynals halauksojl,

Kppkuag vafsju kgjla anpgjyv 40 gkbmv pajpga couafsgy klc olcouafsgy, Kppkuag a}pjusv

fjlsuoeqsa kujqlc =! sj Olcok(v jtaukgg a}pjusv klc 3=! sj sa}soga a}pjusv,

Olcokv kppkuag a}pjusv sj sjp vo} fjqlsuoav9

Cavsolksojl ! Vmkua

QVK 66

Q B ;;

Duklfa =

Haunkly 8

QKA 4

Oskgy 1


20/58

50wP k h a

! Vmkua

66' 38!

;;' ;4!

=' ;;!

8' ;0!

4' ?!

1' 8!

QVK Q B Duklfa Haunkly QKA Oskgy

Onnacoksa Fmkggalhav klc Onpkfs jd Uafavvojl9

Lakugy 1' 00'000 pajpga mkta kguakcy gjvs ijev cqa sj dkggolh vkgav klc Hgjekg

Afjljnof Uafavvojl,

Kljsmau gjs jd 1' 00'000 xogg gjva xjub ey Nkufm 0? kv pau sma vqutay ol vagafs

fgqvsauv,

Ol sma la}s 5 njlsmv' sma ije gjvvav xogg sjskg jd qpsj ;,1 noggojl,

Vjna a}pjusolh fjnpkloav kua uacqfolh xjubolh mjquv' onpganalsolh 1 ckyv k

xaab olvsakc jd 4 ckyv xmofm uavqgsac ol uacqfac olfjna gatagv jd xjubauv,

Souqpqu A}pjusauv Kvvjfoksojl -sma olosoksju jd Blosxaku safmljgjhy Novvojl/ sjjdjqlc jqs smks sma vgjxcjxl nky gakc sj k cafgola jd 60! ol jucauv uavqgsolh ol

ije gjvvav,

Kv pau sma vqutay cjla ey Jbmgk fgqvsau vmjxv =3! qlosv uahovsau dkgg ol a}pjus

jucauv klc anpgjynals,


21/58

5;wP k h a Sma vqutay coc cquolh sma njlsm jd Ljtaneau 500= xosmol sma 10 qlosv, Sma

dolcolhv kua kv djggjxv

K, ?0=3 xjubauv anpgjyac

E, ;51= ije gjvv

F, ;6,=3! a}sals jd gkyjdd

C, 31?61=5 pfv, Jucau ejjbac ol Ljt(08 sj Ikl(0=

A, 6343=;5 pfv, Jucau ejjbac ol Ljt(0= sj Ikl(0=

D, 51! uacqfsojl ol jucau ejjbac cquolh sma vkna pauojc

Hkunals A}pjus a}pklcolh cavposa hgjekg uafavvojl

Eklhgkcavm eafjnav kl a}fapsojl smks os ov fmkggalholh Olcok ol kppkuag vafsju,

Eklhgkcavm(v a}pjus jd kppkuag ov njua smkl sma Olcok(v a}pjus jd kppkuag, Cquolh sma

pauojc jd 5008.0= Eklhgkcavm(v a}pjus kffjqlsac dju QV# ;0800 noggojl,

Eklhgkcavm(v a}pjus ov pujiafsac sj hujx cquolh Iqla(0= sj Iqgy(0? ov QV# ;4,60 eoggojl,

Anpgjynals olfuakvac sj 5,1 noggojl' saunolkg mklcgolh ey fqvsjnv onpujtac cjxl sj 6

ckyv dujn ;5.;6 ckyv, Kgvj puofa jddauac ey Eklhgkcavm sj eqyauv dju S.Vmousv cjxl ey

50! dujn QV# ;,46*pf ol 5000 sj QV# ;,60*pf ol 5008,

Sma uakvjlv9 Xmy kua xa gjvolh jqs:

Pjxau fjvs9 Olcok(v skuodd dju pjxau ov 510! mohmau smkl Ahyps, Ol Ahyps sma pjxau skuodd

ov 3,00 QV falsv pau bogjxkss' ol Pkbovskl klc Toaslkn 4 sj 8 QV fals*bxm' ol Olcjlavok

4,6 QV fals*bxm' ol Eklhgkcavm 4,8 QV fals*bxm' ol Fmolk =,1 QV fals*bxm klc ol Olcok

;0 QV fals*bxm,

Gkejqu fjvs9 Sma gkejqu fjvsv kua 55?! mohmau ol Olcok smkl ol Eklhgkcavm, Eagjx sma

skega ov hotal dju vjna fjqlsuoav


22/58

55wP k h a

Fjqlsuy QV falsv pau mjqu

Eklhgkcavm 58

Toaslkn 5?

Pkbovskl 6?

Olcjlavok 15Fmolk 18

Ahyps 40

Olcok 45

QV falsv pau mjqu

58 5?

6?

1518 40

45

0

;0

50

60

30

10

40

80

Eklhg

kcavm

Toa

slkn

Pkbov

skl

Olcj

lavok

Fmolk

Ahyp

sOl

cok


23/58

56wP k h a

Olcok( pjvosojl ol sma onpjuskls kppkuag fksahjuoav

Sjskg onpjusv jd xjnal fjssjl sujqvauv jd QV kffjqlsac dju QV# 45?;,556 noggojl ol

xmofm QV# 366,166 noggojl onpjusv kffjqlsac dujn Eklhgkcavm klc QV# 545,1;3noggojl onpjusv dujn Olcok,

Ol nal( fjssjl sujqvauv sjskg onpjus jd QV kffjqlsac dju QV# 3?80,415 noggojl, Ol xmofm

QV# 818,50; noggojl onpjusv kffjqlsac dujn Eklhgkcavm klc QV# 5;0,;;1 noggojl dujn

Olcok, Onpjusv jd Fjssjl vxaksauv jd QV kffjqlsac dju QV# =50,=5 noggojl ol xmofm QV#

51,48 noggojl onpjusv kffjqlsac dujn Eklhgkcavm klc QV# 3,56 noggojl onpjusv dujn

Olcok,

Eqs sma hujxsm uksav olcofksa k hukcqkg skbajtau jd smava fksahjuoav ey Eklhgkcavm, Ol

xjnal( vmousv Olcok ov hujxolh ks 6,3!' xmoga Eklhgkcavm ks ;;,61!, Ol nal( blossac

vmousv' Olcok uafjucac cafgola jd ;0!' xmoga Eklhgkcavm olfuakvac ey 50!,

Ol nal( fjssjl sujqvauv' Olcok uafjucac cafgola jd 1!' xmoga Eklhgkcavm olfuakvac ey

5?!,

Olcok gjvolh jqs jl ejsm mohm klc gjx alcv osanv

Olcok( fjvs euakbcjxl dju sjskg dkeuof fjvs olfgqcolh fuacos ov #;,=?' xmoga Eklhgkcavm(

fjvs euakbcjxl ov #;,=4 dju ejy( xjtal ejssjn gjx.alc osan,

Ol vpafokgsy xaku -mohm tkgqa osan/ Olcok(v fjvs euakb cjxl ov #4,3? xmoga sma

Eklhgkcavm(v fjvs euakbcjxl ov #1,=8,

Sma mohmau dkeuof fjvs ov cqa sj mohmau suklvkfsojl klc fuacos uksav, Mohmau fqs klc nkba

fjvs ov cqa sj mohmau gkejqu fjvs klc mohmau suon fjvs ov cqa sj mohmau cqsoav,

Njuajtau Eklhgkcavm ov cqsy duaa dju AQ klc Fklkck vj sma gklcac fjvs xjubv jqs nqfm

fmakpau, Ol sma fkva jd sma mohm alc dkeuofv' Eklhgkcavm qvav Fmolava blos dkeuof xmofm ov

fmakpau smkl atal jqu tausofkg vas qp(v klc Eklhgkcavm(v fjvsolh kua njua fjnpasosota,


24/58

53wP k h aNjvs jd sma Olcokl dkfsjuoav kua ljs ol APY(v . sma cjnavsof hjjcv dkeuof klc suonv kssukfs

kl kuuky jd cjnavsof sk}av -vautofa sk}' TKS' a}fova asf,/ . a,h, Yoppauv' smuakc asf,

Hjtaulnals vqppjus sj fjqlsuoav

Fmolk mkv olfjupjuksac k pmkva xova olfuakvac uadqlc jd TKS dujn ;; sj ;8! jl a}pjusv

klc kccosojlkg 5! cukxekfb dujn Iklqkuy 0? jl nklnkca doeua klc hkunalsv,

Pkbovskl mkv uaolsujcqfac 4! U$C kvvovsklfa, Fknejcok(v fjupjuksa sk} uksa ov gavv smkl

k smouc jd Olcok(v kv kgvj a}anpsojl jd qp sj = yakuv ol vjna fkvav, K ;5! hjtaulnals

fkvm hukls dju xkhav ol Volhkpjua cquolh 500? tkgqolh Volhkpjua #3,10 eoggojl sj vqvskol

ijev,

Olcjlavok klljqlfac dovfkg vsonqgqv jd 85 suoggojl Uqpokm -QV# 4,1 eoggojl/ jl

oldukvsuqfsqua pujiafsv' eavocav 1;,6 suoggojl Uqpokm jd vsonqgqv nakvquav, Kgvj olsujcqfac

TKS a}anpsojl' onpjus cqsy a}anpsojl klc sk} uagoad jl oltavsnals,

Xmal sma pjgofy olfalsotav xaua olsujcqfac ol Eklhgkcavm' osv a}pjusv mkta vohlodofklsgy

olfuakvac volfa 5001, Kgvj Eklhgkcavm mkv vjna a}pjus ealadosv smks kua kv djggjxv9

;, Olfjna sk} a}anpsojl5, Vqevocy jl agafsuofosy' xksau' hkv

6, A}pjus gjkl ?0! knjqls xosm gassau jd fuacos

3, A}anpsojl dujn olvquklfa puanoqn

1, Uadqlc jd TKS jl vautofav goba F$D' vautofa' sagapmjla' saga}' agafsuofosy'

vmoppolh khals fjnnovvojl,

4, Cqsy duaa onpjus jd nkfmolauy

8, =0! a}pjusv jd pujcqfsojl fjlvocauac kv a}pjus juoals olcqvsuy dju ktkogolh kgg

a}pjus ealadosv,

Kgvj ol fjnpkuovjl sj Eklhgkcavm' Olcok ov gkfbolh ol sma pujfacquav goba

;, Vmopnals sona gavv 6 cky -Olcok ;0 ckyv/

5, Akvy kffavv sj eklb fuacos -Olcok kffavv klc pujfacqukg sona k pujegan/


25/58

51wP k h a6, A}faggals oldukvsuqfsqua vqppjus ol A}pjus pujfavvolh jlav

Olcokl sa}soga klc kppkuag olcqvsuy

Olcokl sa}soga klc kppkuag olcqvsuy kffjqlsv dju QV# 1= eoggojl xosm pjsalsokg sj hujxukpocgy,

Jqs jd QV# 1= eoggojl' Olcok a}pjusv QVC 56 eoggojl ol xmofm QVC ;0 eoggojl kffjqlsv

dju fgjsmolh klc QVC ;6 eoggojl kffjqlsv dju Sa}soga a}pjusv,

Uankololh QVC 61 eoggojl nkubas ov cjnavsof nkubas, Jqs jd xmofm QVC 56 eoggojl

kffjqlsv dju fgjsmolh klc QVC ;5 eoggojl dju sa}soga,

Olcok mkv vsualhsm jd vsujlh doeua ekva' dga}oeogosy ol pujcqfsojl jd vnkgg jucau gjsv' cavohl

klc catagjpnals fuaksotosy' puavalfa jd olsahuksac fjnpkloav smks ov fjlfaps sj

fjlvqnau' keogosy sj mklcga tkgqa kccosojlv2 aneaggovmnalsv asf, klc kgvj mkv hjjc

fqgsqukg fjndjus xosm QV klc Aqujpa,

Tovojl Cjfqnals 50;5

Kv pau sma tovojl cjfqnals 50;5 sa}soga nolovsuy9

Vsosfmolh nkfmolav ua{qouac ;3,;1 gkfv' oltavsnals ua{qouac ol hkunals nkbolh Uv,5;=00

fujuav' oltavsnals ua{qouac ol ekfb tkgqa fmkol Uv,;5==00 fujuav klc oltavsnals

ua{qouac dju pujcqfs catagjpnals Uv,510 fujuav,


26/58

54wP k h a

A]PJUS CKSK DUJN CAPKUSNALS JD A]PJUS HJTAULNALS

JD OLCOK

Sa}sogav A}pjusv dujn 5004.08 sj Kpuog 500= -Tkgqa . Uv,Fujuav/

Osan 5004.08 5008.0=

Fjssjl _kul' Dkeuofv $ Nkcaqpv ;?0=?,6

?

;=850,1?

Lksqukg Vogb _kul' Dkeuofv $ Nkcaqpv ;?84,? ;130,?6

Xjjg _kul' Dkeuofv $ Nkcaqpv 6=1,1 686,1=

Uakcy Nkca Hkunalsv 68104,;

4

643?8,8?

Iqsa ;;8=,6? ;6;5,=8

;?0=?,6?

;?84,?

6=1,1

68104,;4

;;8=,6?

;=850,1?

;130,?6

686,1=

643?8,8?

;6;5,=8

0 ;0000 50000 60000 30000

Fjssjl _kul'

Dkeuofv $

Nkcaqpv

Lksqukg Vogb

_kul' Dkeuofv

$ Nkcaqpv

Xjjg _kul'

Dkeuofv $

Nkcaqpv

Uakcy Nkca

Hkunalsv

Iqsa

5004.08 5008.0=


27/58

58wP k h a


28/58

5=wP k h aOlcok(v pjvosojl ol sma hgjekg sukca ol sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh

Kv pau sma ktkogkega XSJ cksk' Olcok(v paufalskha vmkua ol hgjekg sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh

sukca xkv 3! ol sa}sogav' klc 5,=! ol fgjsmolh cquolh sma yaku 5008, Olcok(v uklb ol xjugc

sukca mkv eaal 8sm ol sa}sogav klc 4sm ol fgjsmolh,

Goeaukgovac sukcolh uahona klc anauholh jppjusqlosoav

Ol sma goeaukgoac pjvs.{qjsk pauojc' Olcok mkv anauhac kv k nkiju vjqufolh cavsolksojl dju

lax eqyauv, Kv k nakvqua jd hujxolh olsauavs ol sma Olcokl sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh vafsju k

lqneau jd eqyauv jpalac smaou vjqufolh*gokovjl jddofa ol Olcok, Smava olfgqca Nkubv klc

Vpalfau' Mkhhku Fgjsmolh' Baggxjjc' Gossga Gkeag' Ejqgav Sukcolh Fjnpkly' Fkvsga'

Kgvsau Olsaulksojlkg' [qavs Kppkuag Olf,' asf, Fjnnaufokggy sma eqjykls uaskogauv kfujvv

sma xjugc kua gjjbolh dju jpsojlv jd olfuakvolh smaou vjqufolh dujn sma Olcokl nkubasv,

Olcokl nklqdkfsquauv kua kgvj puj.kfsotagy xjubolh sjxkucv almklfolh smaou fkpkfosoav sj

dqgdogg smov olfuakvac canklc,

A}pjus paudjunklfa ol sma fquuals yaku

Ol sma yaku 5008.0= sma sa}sogav a}pjusv jd Olcok vqddauac ekcgy cqa sj vmkup kppuafoksojl

ol Uqpaa tov..tov sma QV#, Kgsmjqhm sma uqpaa mkv capuafoksac vmkupgy tov..tov sma QV

cjggku volfa Kpuog' 500=' sma a}pjusv pujvpafsv jd sma Olcokl sa}sogav vafsju fjlsolqav sj ea

kctauvagy kddafsac, Vjna jd sma uakvjlv kssuoeqsac sj smov cafgola kua sma dolklfokg vafsju

nags cjxl klc afjljnof vgjx cjxl ol olsaulksojlkg nkubasv' olfuakvac fjvs jd

pujcqfsojl eafkqva jd olfuakvolh ukx nksauokg fjvsv' pjxau klc jsmau olpqs fjvsv xmofm

mkta kddafsac sma pujdoskeogosy jd sa}sogav klc hkunalsv qlosv ol Olcok klc smaou a}pjusv,

Sma go{qocosy fuqlfm ov kljsmau dkfsju smks ov kddafsolh sma olcqvsuy, Ol vqfm k vosqksojl sma

pjvosota onpkfs jd uqpaa capuafoksojl mkc eaal xkvmac kxky, Cquolh sma fquuals dolklfokg

yaku' tkuojqv a}pjus pujnjsojl fjqlfogv klc sukca ejcoav uapuavalsac sj sma Hjtaulnals

smks sma sa}sogav a}pjusv mkc kctauvagy eaal kddafsac ey uafals hgjekg uafavvojl, Dju

a}pjusv' sma nkiju nkubasv mkta eaal QVK' AQ $ Ikpkl klc kgg sma smuaa nkubasv mkta

hjla olsj uafavvojl cquolh sma fquuals yaku, Kv k uavqgs' cquolh smov yaku a}pjusv {qklsosoav

xaua uacqfac ju pqs jl mjgc ju sma jucauv xaua fklfaggac,


29/58

5?wP k h aFjqlsuy.xova klkgyvov

o/ Sma Aqujpakl Qlojl ov sma volhga gkuhavs nkubas dju Olcok(v sa}sogav pujcqfsv'

kffjqlsolh dju 63! jd Olcok(v sjskg sa}sogav a}pjusv' djggjxac ey QVK xmofm kffjqlsv dju

lakugy 51!, Jsmau onpjuskls fjqlsuoav kua sma QKA' Vkqco Kukeok' Fklkck' Eklhgkcavm'

Fmolk' Squbay klc Ikpkl,

oo/ Olcok uklbv 6uc ol sma AQ nkubasv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh kdsau Fmolk klc Squbay'

AQ(v onpjusv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh dujn Olcok knjqlsac sj QV# ?,0= eoggojl cquolh

fkgalcku yaku 500= uahovsauolh k hujxsm jd kejqs 4,35!, AQ onpjusv jd S$F dujn Olcok

xaua jd sma jucau jd QV# =,16 eoggojl ol sma fkgalcku yaku 5008,

ooo/ Kdsau vqupkvvolh Na}ofj' Olcok uklbv 5lc ol sma QV nkubasv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh

-Iklqkuy.Nkufm 500?/ kdsau Fmolk xosm a}pjusv jd QV# ;,61 eoggojl, Cquolh sma fkgalcku

yaku 500=' Olcok(v a}pjusv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh sj sma QV knjqlsac sj QVC 1,35

eoggojl fjnpkuac sj QV# 1,31 eoggojl ol sma fkgalcku yaku 5008,

ot/ Sma QVK' xmofm ov Olcok(v volhga gkuhavs nkubas' ov fquualsgy pkvvolh smujqhm k

uafavvojlkuy pmkva, Sma QV onpjusv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh dujn Fmolk klc Na}ofj' osv

eohhavs sxj vqppgoauv' uafacac ey .5,83! klc .;1,8?! cquolh Ikl.Nku(0?, Cquolh sma

vkna pauojc mjxatau' Olcok(v a}pjusv mkv kgvj uahovsauac k cafgola jd ;6,?5!,


30/58

60wP k h a

MOHMGOHMSV DUJN KLLQKG UAPJUS JD SA]SOGA NOLOVSU_

Olcok(v sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh olcqvsuy ov jla jd sma nkolvskyv jd lksojlkg afjljny, Os ov

kgvj jla jd sma gkuhavs fjlsuoeqsolh vafsjuv jd Olcok(v a}pjusv xjugcxoca, Ks fquuals puofavsma Olcokl sa}sogav olcqvsuy ov pahhac ks QV# 15 eoggojl' 43! jd xmofm vautofav cjnavsof

canklc, Sma sa}sogav olcqvsuy kffjqlsv dju ;3! jd olcqvsuokg pujcqfsojl2 anpgjyv 61

noggojl pajpga klc kffjqlsv dju lakugy ;5! vmkua jd sma fjqlsuy(v sjskg a}pjusv ekvbas,

o/ A}pjusv jd sa}sogav klc fgjsmolh pujcqfsv dujn Olcok mkta olfuakvac vsakcogy jtau sma

gkvs dax yakuv' pkusofqgkugy kdsau 5003 xmal sa}sogav a}pjusv {qjsk xaua covfjlsolqac,

oo/ Cquolh 5006.03' 5003.01' 5001.04' 5004.08 klc 5008.0= a}pjusv xaua jd sma jucau jdQV#;6,1 eoggojl' QV# ;3,0 eoggojl' QV# ;8,15 eoggojl' QV# ;?,;1 eoggojl klc QV# 55,;6

eoggojl uavpafsotagy' caljsolh kl olfuakva jd 43! ol gkvs dota yakuv, Sma tjgqna jd

a}pjusv' kv fjnpkuac sj fauskol jsmau fjqlsuoav' fjqgc ljs uahovsau k dkvsau hujxsm cqa sj

tkuojqv uakvjlv goba fjlvsukolsv jd oldukvsuqfsqua' mohm pjxau klc suklvkfsojl fjvs'

olfocalfa jd vsksa gatag favv klc cqsoav' gkfb jd vsksa.jd.sma.kus safmljgjhy asf,


31/58

6;wP k h a

Fjssjl Ekgklfa Vmaas dujn 500;.05 sj 500=.0?

500;.

05

5005.

06

5006.

03

5003.

01

5001.

04

5004.

08

5008.

0=

500=.

0?A}pjus -gkfb

ekggv/

0,10 0,=3 ;5,;; ?,;3 38,00 1=,00 =1,00 10,00

A}pjus

0,1 0,=3

;5,;; ?,;3

38

1=

=1

10

0

;0

50

60

30

10

40

80

=0

?0

500;.05 5005.06 5006.03 5003.01 5001.04 5004.08 5008.0= 500=.0?

A}pjus


32/58

65wP k h a

A]PJUS JD IQSA HJJCV -uv fujua/

5003.

01

5001.

04

5004.

08

5008.

0=

500=.0?

A]PJUS ;40,8; 645,66 65;,?3 663,=; 5?;,??

a}pjus

;40,8;

645,66

65;,?3 663,=;

5?;,??

0

10;00

;10

500

510

600

610

300

5003.01 5001.04 5004.08 5008.0= 500=.0?

a}pjus


33/58

66wP k h a

VOGB A]PJUSV

Osan 5004.08 5008.0=

Uv Fujua Uv Fujua

Lksqukg Vogb _kul'

Dkeuofv $ Nkca.qp

;?84,?0 ;130,?6

Uakcynkca Hkunalsv ;;?8,5; ;0?6,48

Vogb Fkupas ;65,64 85,;;

Vogb Xkvsa 55,8= ;5,;1

Sjskg 665?,51 58;=,=4

665?,51

55,8=;65,64

;;?8,5;;?84,?

58;=,=4

;5,;185,;;

;0?6,48

;130,?6

0

100

;000

;100

5000

5100

6000

6100

Lksqukg Vogb

_kul' Dkeuofv $

Nkca.qp

Uakcynkca

Hkunalsv

Vogb Fkupas Vogb Xkv sa Sjskg

5004.08 Uv Fujua 5008.0= Uv Fujua


34/58

63wP k h a

FMKPSAU . 1

JEIAFSOTA JD SMA VSQC_

Sma uavakufm pujiafs ov nkolgy cotocac olsj sxj pkusv douvs jla ov olsujcqfsojl sj uafavvojl

klc Olcokl sa}soga a}pjus klc sma vafjlc ov sma vsqcy jd onpkfs jd uafavvojl jl Olcokl

sa}soga a}pjus,,

Sma vqeiafsv qlcau smava sxj pkusv kua

;, Olsujcqfsojl kejqs uafavvojl klc Olcokl sa}soga a}pjus

k, Olsujcqfsojl jd uafavvojl

e, Fkqvav klc halaukg onpkfs jd uafavvojl

f, Olsujcqfsojl jd Olcokl sa}soga a}pjus

c, Onpkfs jd uafavvojl jl Olcokl afjljny,

5, Onpkfs jd uafavvojl jl sa}soga a}pjus dujn Olcok

k, Fjggafsojl jd cksk kejqs sma a}pjus jd sa}soga dujn Olcok sj jsmau fjqlsuy jd

gkvs smuaa yaku,

e, Klkgyolh sma cksk jl sma ekvov jd cksk dolcolhv

f, Nkbolh k fjlfgqvojl jl sma cksk klkgyvov,,


35/58

61wP k h a

FMKPSAU. .4

UAVAKUFM NASMJCJGJH_

Uavakufm nasmjcjgjhy ov fjlvocauac kv sma lauta jd sma pujiafs, Xosmjqs k pujpau xagg.

juhkloac uavakufm pgkl' os ov onpjvvoega sj fjnpgasa sma pujiafs klc uakfm sj kly

fjlfgqvojl, Sma pujiafs xkv ekvac jl sma vqutay pgkl, Sma nkol jeiafsota jd vqutay xkv

sj fjggafs kppujpuoksa cksk' xmofm xjub kv k ekva dju cukxolh fjlfgqvojl klc hassolh

uavqgs,

Smauadjua' uavakufm nasmjcjgjhy ov sma xky sj vyvsanksofkggy vjgta sma uavakufm

pujegan, Uavakufm nasmjcjgjhy ljs jlgy skgbv jd sma nasmjcv eqs kgvj gjhof eamolc smanasmjcv qvac ol sma fjlsa}s jd k uavakufm vsqcy klc os a}pgkolv xmy k pkusofqgku nasmjc

mkv eaal qvac ol sma puadaualfa jd sma jsmau nasmjcv

Uavakufm cavohl9

Uavakufm cavohl ov onpjuskls puonkuogy eafkqva jd sma olfuakvac fjnpga}osy ol sma nkubas

kv xagg kv nkubasolh kppujkfmav ktkogkega sj sma uavakufmauv, Ol dkfs' os ov sma bay sj sma

atjgqsojl jd vqffavvdqg nkubasolh vsuksahoav klc pujhuknnauv, Os ov kl onpjuskls sjjg sjvsqcy eqyauv eamktoju' fjlvqnpsojl pkssaul' euklc gjykgsy' klc djfqv nkubas fmklhav, K

uavakufm cavohl vpafodoav sma nasmjcv klc pujfacquav dju fjlcqfsolh k pkusofqgku vsqcy,

Kffjucolh sj Baugolhau' Uavakufm Cavohl ov k pgkl' fjlfapsqkg vsuqfsqua' klc vsuksahy jd

oltavsohksojl fjlfaotac kv sj jeskol klvxauv sj uavakufm {qavsojlv klc sj fjlsujg

tkuoklfa,

Sypav jd uavakufm ov9

Cavfuopsota Uavakufm

Sma sypa jd uavakufm kcjpsac dju vsqcy ov cavfuopsota, Cavfuopsota vsqcoav kua qlcauskbal

ol nkly foufqnvsklfav xmal sma uavakufmav ov olsauavsac sj bljx sma fmkukfsauovsof jd


36/58

64wP k h afauskol hujqp vqfm kv kha' va}' acqfksojl gatag' jffqpksojl ju olfjna, K cavfuopsota vsqcy

nky ea lafavvkuy ol fkvav xmal k uavakufmau ov olsauavsac ol bljxolh sma pujpjusojl jd

pajpga ol k hotal pjpqgksojl xmj mkta ol pkusofqgku nkllau' nkbolh pujiafsojlv jd k

fauskol smolh' ju casaunololh sma uagksojlvmop easxaal sxj ju njua tkuokegav, Sma

jeiafsota jd vqfm vsqcy ov sj klvxau sma xmj' xmks' xmal' xmaua klc mjx jd sma vqeiafs

qlcau oltavsohksojl, Smaua ov k halaukg daagolh smks cavfuopsota vsqcoav kua dkfsqkg klc tauy

vonpga, Smov ov ljs lafavvkuogy suqa, Cavfuopsota vsqcy fkl ea fjnpga}' canklcolh k mohm

cahuaa jd vfoalsodof vbogg jl pkus jd sma uavakufmau,

Cavfuopsota vsqcoav kua xagg vsuqfsquac, Kl a}pgjuksjuy vsqcy laacv sj ea dga}oega ol osv

kppujkfm' eqs k cavfuopsota vsqcy ol fjlsukvs salcv sj ea uohoc klc osv kppujkfm fklljs ea

fmklhac atauy ljx klc smal, Os ov smauadjua lafavvkuy' sma uavakufmau hota vqddofoalssmjqhms sj duknolh uavakufm,

[qavsojlv klc cafocolh sma sypav jd cksk sj ea fjggafsac klc sma pujfacqua sj ea qvac ol

smov pqupjva, Cavfuopsota vsqcoav fkl ea cotocac olsj sxj eujkc fksahjuoav9 Fujvv

Vafsojlkg klc Gjlhosqcolkg Vafsojlkg, K fujvv vafsojlkg vsqcy ov fjlfaulac xosm k vknpga

jd aganalsv dujn k hotal pjpqgksojl, Smqv' os nky cakg xosm mjqvamjgc' cakgauv' uaskog

vsjuav' ju jsmau alsosoav, Cksk jl k lqneau jd fmkukfsauovsofv dujn vknpga aganalsv kua

fjggafsac klc klkgyac, Fujvv vafsojlkg vsqcoav kua jd sxj sypav9 Doagc vsqcy klc Vqutay,

Kgsmjqhm sma covsolfsojl easxaal sman ov ljs fgaku. fqs ' smaua kua vjna pukfsofkg

coddaualfav' xmofm laac coddauals safmlo{qav klc vboggv, Doagc vsqcoav kua a}.pjvs.dkfsju

vfoalsodof ol{qouoav smks kon ks dolcolh sma uagksojlv klc olsauuagksojlv knjlh tkuokegav ol k

uakg vassolh, Vqfm vsqcoav kua cjla ol gota vosqksojlv goba fjnnqlosoav' vfmjjgv' dkfsjuoav'

klc juhkloksojlv,

Kljsmau sypa jd fujvv vafsojlkg vsqcy ov vqutay uavqgs' xmofm mkv eaal skbal ey na, K

nkiju vsualhsm jd vqutay uavakufm ov osv xoca vfjpa, Caskog oldjunksojl fkl ea jeskolac

dujn k vknpga jd gkuha pjpqgksojl ,Eavocav2 os ov afjljnofkg kv njua oldjunksojl fkl ea

fjggafsac pau qlos jd fjvs, Ol kccosojl' os ov jetojqv smks k vknpga vqutay laacv gavv sona

smkl k falvqv ol{qouy, Cavfuopsota uavakufm olfgqcav vqutay klc dkfs dolcolh al{qouoav jd

coddauals bolcv jd sma nkiju pqupjva, Cavfuopsota uavakufm ov cavfuopsojl jd sma vsksa jd


37/58

68wP k h akddkouv' kv os a}ovsv ks puavals, Sma nkol fmkukfsauovsof jd smov nasmjc ov smks sma uavakufmau

mkv lj fjlsujg jtau sma tkuokegav2 ma fkl jlgy uapjus xmks mkv mkppalac ju xmks ov

mkppalolh, Sma nasmjcv jd uavakufm qsogoac ol cavfuopsota uavakufm kua vqutay nasmjcv

jd kgg bolcv olfgqcolh fjnpkuksota klc fj uagksojlkg nasmjcv, Sma uakvjl dju qvolh vqfm

laacv sj ea dga}oga ol osv kppujkfm' eqs k cavfuopsota vsqcy ol fjlsukvs salcv sj ea uohoc klc

osv kppujkfm fklljs ea fmklhac atau ljx klc smal,

Cksk fjggafsojl nasmjcv9

Kdsau sma uavakufm pujegan' xa mkta sj ocalsody klc vagafs xmofm sypa jd cksk ov sj

uavakufm, Ks smov vskha2 xa mkta sj juhkloa k doagc vqutay sj fjggafs sma cksk, Jla jd sma

onpjuskls sjjgv dju fjlcqfsolh nkubas uavakufm ov sma ktkogkeogosy jd lafavvkuy klc qvadqg

cksk,

Puonkuy cksk9 Sma puonkuy cksk ov fjggafsac dujn capkusnals jd fjnnaufa

Hjtaulnals jd Olcok klc mklcofukds a}pjus Pujnjsojl Fjupjuksojl jd Olcok, Smov cksk ov

a}pjus cksk jd gkvs dax yakuv jd mklcofukds a}pjus,

Vafjlckuy Cksk . Sma Fjnpklyv pujdoga' ijqulkgv klc tkuojqv gosauksqua vsqcoav kua

onpjuskls vjqufav jd vafjlckuy cksk,

Cksk klkgyvov klc olsaupuasksojl

;, Poa fmkus klc Eku fmkus


38/58

6=wP k h a

Poa fmkus9

Smov ov tauy qvadqg cokhukn sj uapuavals cksk ' xmofm kua cotocac olsj k lqneau jd

fksahjuoav, Smov cokhukn fjlvovsv jd k foufga jd cotocac olsj k lqneau jd vafsjuv' xmofm

kua pujpjusojlkg sj sma tkgqav smay uapuavals, Sma sjskg tkgqa ov uapuavalsac ey sma dqgg

fuaksa, Sma cokhukn eku fmkus fkl nkba fjnpkuovjl knjlh sma tkuojqv fjnpjlalsv ju

easxaal k pkus klc k xmjga jd cksk,

Eku fmkus9

Smov ov kljsmau xky jd uapuavalsolh cksk hukpmofkggy, Kv sma lkna onpgoav' os fjlvovs jd k

lqneau jd xmovpauac eku' xmofm juoholksa dujn k fjnnjl ekva gola klc kua a{qkg xocsmv,

Sma galhsmv jd sma ekucv kua pujpjusojlkg sj sma tkgqa smay uapuavals,

Puapkuksojl jd uapjus9

Sma uapjus xkv ekvac jl sma klkgyvov klc puavalsac xosm sma dolcolhv klc vqhhavsojlv,

Sma vknpga jd sma {qavsojllkouav ov ksskfmac xosm sma uapjus osvagd,


39/58

6?wP k h a

FMKPSAU 8

CKSK KLKG_VOV

Cj yjq a}pjus sa}soga hjjcv sj jsmau fjqlsuoav:

k, yav

e, lj

;5

0

yav lj

Kv ny vknpga xkv sa}soga a}pjusauv vj kgg sma uavpjlcalsv kua a}pjusolh sa}soga hjjcv sj

jsmau fjqlsuy


40/58

30wP k h a

Xmofm sa}soga yjq kua a}pjusolh:

fjssjl 8

xjjg 1vogb 4

iqsa 3

jsmauv 4

8

1

4

3

4

0

;

5

6

3

1

4

8

=

fjssjl xjjg vogb iqsa jsmauv

Knjlh ny vknpgav 8 a}pjusauv kua a}pjusolh fjssjl sa}soga' 1 kua a}pjusolh xjjg sa}soga'

4 kua a}pjusolh vogb' 3 kua a}pjusolh iqsa klc jsmau sa}soga hjjcv kua a}pjusac ey 4

a}pjusauv,


41/58

3;wP k h a

Sj xmofm yjqu a}pjus eqvolavv ov njvs uagksac sj,

Kqvsukgok 1

Fklkck 4

Duklfa 3

Haunkly 8

Oskgy 5

Ikpkl 4

Lasmau.gklc 3

Qka 6

Q,v,k, =

Q,b, 3

Jsmau fjqlsuoav 6

6

3

=

6

3

4

5

8

3

4

1

0 5 3 4 = ;0

Kqvsukgok

Fklkck

Duklfa

Haunkly

Oskgy

Ikpkl

Lasmau.gklc

Qka

Q,v,k,

Q,b,

Jsmau fjqlsuoav

Sma nk}onqn a}pjus ov hjolh sj sma Duklfa djggjxac ey QB' QKA' klc Ikpkl klc gjxavs

a}pjus ov hjolh sj Lasmaugklcv gakcac ey Haunkly Kqvsukgok klc Oskgy,


42/58

35wP k h a

Cj yjq smolb smks uafavvojl kddafsac yjqu eqvolavv:

k, yav

e, lj

;5

0

yav lj

Kgg sma a}pjusauv kua kddafsac ey smov uavfovvojl,


43/58

36wP k h a

Od yav smal xmks ov sma onpkfs jl sma eqvolavv

k, pujdos ;

e, gjvv ;;

;

;;

pujdos gjvv

Knjlh sma vknpgav jlgy jla a}pjusau has pujdos cquolh sma uafavvojl uavs jd ;; has gjvvav

ol smaou eqvolavv,


44/58

33wP k h a

Xmks ov sma paufalskha fmklha ol a}pjus

k, ;0! olfuakva

e, 50! olfuakvaf, 60! olfuakva

c, Njua smkl 60 ! olfuakva

a, Njua smkl 60 ! cafuakva

d, 60! cafuakva

h, 50! cafuakva

m, ;0! cafuakva

;

0

0

0

3

3

5

;

k, ;0! olfuakva

e, 50! olfuakva

f, 60! olfuakva

c, Njua smkl 60 !

olfuakva

a, Njua smkl 60 !

cafuakva

d, 60! cafuakva

h, 50! cafuakva

m, ;0! cafuakva

Sma nkiju gjvv ol sma a}pjus jd sa}soga hjjcv kua 60 ! klc njua xmofm fkl ea vaal ol sma

kffjqlsv jd = a}pjusauv,


45/58

31wP k h a

Coc kly Hjtaulnals pjgofy magp yjq sj jtaufjna dujn vmjfb jd uafavvojl:

k, yav vjna mjx

e, yav ey tauy a}salsf, ljs ks kgg

;

3

8

k, yav vjna mjx e, yav ey tauy a}sals f, ljs ks kgg

Sma olsaupuasksojl jd smov {qavsojl vmjxv smks smaua ov lj addjus skbal ey hjtaulnals dju

uagoad jd a}pjusauv,


46/58

34wP k h a

Mjx nqfm sona yjq smolb smks yjq laac sj jtaufjna yjqu gjvvav ol eqvolavv

k, njua smkl sxj yaku

e, gavv smkl sxj yaku eqs njua smkl jla yakuf, gavv smkl jla yaku

6

=

;

0

;

5

6

31

4

8

=

?

k, njua smkl sxj

yaku

e, gavv smkl sxj

yaku eqs njua smkl

jla yaku

f, gavv smkl jla

yaku

81! a}pjusauv kua smolbolh smks os laacv njua smkl jla yaku sj jtaufjna smaou gjvvav,


47/58

38wP k h a

Xmks yjq smolb xmj kua Uavpjlvoega dju smov kgg cuknk -dolklfokg fuovov/

k, QVK

e, Aqujpaf, Fmolk

c, Olcok

;5

000

k, QVK e, Aqujpa f, Fmolk c, Olcok

Kgg sma a}pjusauv bljxv smks sma uafavvojl ov fkqvac ey QVK


48/58

3=wP k h a


49/58

3?wP k h a

FMKPSAU =

FJLFGQVOJL

Sma Olcokl Sa}soga klc Fgjsmolh -S$F/ olcqvsuy ov fquualsgy jla jd sma gkuhavs klc njvs

onpjuskls olcqvsuoav ol sma Olcokl afjljny ol saunv jd jqspqs' djuaohl a}fmklha akulolhv

klc anpgjynals, Sma olcqvsuy fjlsuoeqsav 3! sj sma fjqlsuyv HCP' ;3! sj sma

fjqlsuyv olcqvsuokg pujcqfsojl klc kujqlc ;5! sj sma fjqlsuyv djuaohl a}fmklha

akulolhv, Sma S$F olcqvsuy ov kgvj sma vafjlc gkuhavs anpgjynals halauksolh olcqvsuy'

kdsau khuofqgsqua xosm couafs anpgjynals jd 66,;8 noggojl pajpga -kv jd Nkufm 5004/,

Nolovsuy jd Sa}sogav' Hjtaulnals jd Olcok' mkv skuhasac k hujxsm jd ;4! pau kllqn dju

sma Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy sj uakfm QV # ;;1 eoggojl ey sma alc jd Agatalsm Dota _aku Pgkl,

Pujtocac sma skuhasac hujxsm ov kfmoatac'

Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy mkv pjsalsokg sj anpgjy 31 noggojl pajpga klc halauksa a}pjus

akulolhv jd QV # 11 eoggojl ey 50;5,

Olcokl S$F nkubas ol D_500= xkv avsonksac ks QV # 46,3 eoggojl ol 5008.0= xosm

a}pjusv kffjqlsolh dju 61! tkgqac ks QV # 55,3 eoggojl jd xmofm Sa}soga a}pjusv

kffjqlsac dju QV # ;5,8 eoggojl klc Hkunals a}pjusv kffjqlsac dju QV # ?,8 eoggojl, Sma

olcqvsuy mkv vohlodofkls capalcalfa jl AQ58 eaolh sma gkuhavs a}pjus nkubas' kffjqlsolh

dju 66! jd sma sjskg S$F a}pjusv ey tkgqa, QV ov sma vafjlc gkuhavs a}pjus nkubas dju

Olcokl S$F pujcqfsv xosm k 5;! tkgqa vmkua, Jsmau onpjuskls a}pjus nkubasv kua QKA

-4!/' Fmolk -1!/' Eklhgkcavm -6!/ klc Ikpkl -;!/,

Cafgololh canklc ol AQ58 klc QV nkubasv fkqvac ey sma afjljnof vgjxcjxl mkv

vatauagy onpkfsac Olcokl

S$F a}pjusv sj smava nkubasv ol 500=

Sma uafals afjljnof vgjxcjxl mkv vohlodofklsgy onpkfsac sma nkiju a}pjus nkubasv jd

Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy o,a, AQ58 klc QV, Cquolh 500=' tkgqa.xova ykul onpjusv ey AQ58

cafgolac ey ;6! uavqgsolh ol k cujp jd ;1! ol Olcokl ykul a}pjusv sj sma uahojl,


50/58

10wP k h aVonogkugy' dkeuof onpjusv ey AQ58 cafgolac ey ;6! xmofm lahksotagy onpkfsac Olcokl

dkeuof a}pjusv ey 8! y.j.y, Mjxatau' Fmolk olfuakvac osv ykul a}pjusv sj AQ58 ey 1!

klc dkeuof onpjusv ey ;,?! ol sma vkna pauojc,

Sma QV nkubasv kgvj xoslavvac k cafgola ol y.j.y ykul onpjusv ey ?! klc dkeuof onpjusv

ey 8!, Smov uavqgsac ol Olcokv dkeuof a}pjusv sj QV cafgololh ey =! xmauakv Fmolk

olfuakvac osv a}pjusv tkgqa ey njua smkl 5!, Sma jlgy vogtau gololh dju Olcok xkv kl

olfuakva ol tkgqa jd dkeuof a}pjusv sj sma QV ey kujqlc 56! -y.j.y/,

Ol sma uakcy.nkca hkunalsv -UNH/ vahnals' onpjusv ey AQ58 uankolac vskhlkls,

Mjxatau' Olcokl a}pjusv xoslavvac k 6,5! olfuakva, UNH onpjusv ey QV cafgolac ey 6!

ol tkgqa saunv xmofm lahksotagy onpkfsac sma Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy uavqgsolh ol k 6!

cafgola ol a}pjusv, Cavposa gjxau onpjusv ey ejsm AQ58 klc QV nkubasv' fjnpasolh

fjqlsuoav goba Eklhgkcavm' Fmolk klc Toaslkn jqspaudjunac ey vmjxolh kl olfuakva ol

onpjusv ey 8!' ;3! klc =! uavpafsotagy ol sma AQ58 uahojl xmoga ol sma QV nkubasv'

Eklhgkcavm a}pjusv olfuakvac ey ;;! klc vj coc Toaslkn ey 50!,

Sma nkca.qpv nkubas ol ejsm AQ58 klc QV cafgolac ey 5! uavqgsolh ol k dkgg jd 4! ol

Olcokl nkca.qpv a}pjusv sj AQ58 eqs xosm k hkol jd 5! ol sma QV nkubasv' Olcok xkv

kega sj nkolskol osv vmkua maua, Ol fjnpkuovjl' Eklhgkcavm olfuakvac osv nkca.qpv a}pjusvsj AQ58 ey =! klc sj sma QV ey ?! xmauakv Fmolava nkca.qp a}pjusv sj AQ58 vquhac

ey 4!, Sma cafgola ol a}pjusv sj smava bay cavsolksojlv mkv uavqgsac ol sma olcqvsuy

novvolh osv hujxsm skuhasv qlcau sma Agatalsm Dota _aku Pgkl, Sma uavqgskls dkgg ol

pujcqfsojl ov uadgafsac ol sma Olca} jd Olcqvsuokg Pujcqfsojl -OOP/ dohquav, Sma njlsmgy

OOP dju fjssjl sa}sogav cafgolac ey 6,8! -y.j.y/ ol Caf 500=' 4,5! -y.j.y/ ol Ikl 500?

klc ;5,;! -y.j.y/ ol Dae 500? xmoga sma OOP dju Sa}soga pujcqfsv olfgqcolh kppkuag -5,6!

y.j.y ol Dae 500?/,

Xosm sma S$F olcqvsuy mktolh xoslavvac caes.dqlcac fkpkfosy a}pklvojl' puonkuogy

cuotal ey olsauavs fjnpalvksojl qlcau SQDV' sma uafals cujp ol pujcqfsojl mkv uavqgsac

ol qlcau qsogovksojl jd fkpkfosoav gakcolh sj olkca{qksa kevjupsojl jd do}ac fjvsv klc xakb

caes fjtaukha olcofksjuv, Sma cafgola ol pujcqfsojl klc xjuvalolh dolklfokg paudjunklfa


51/58

1;wP k h ajd S$F olcqvsuy mkv uavqgsac ol kl avsonksac gjvv jd 1 4 gkbm ijev cquolh sma gkvs dax

njlsmv,

Gkfb jd fjvs fjnpasosotalavv knjlh Olcokl S$F nklqdkfsquauv tov..tov fjqlsuoav goba

Fmolk' Eklhgkcavm' Toaslkn klc Vuo Gklbk mkv uavqgsac ol canklc vmodsv ol onpjusv ey

AQ58 klc QV sj smava fjqlsuoav, Kv mohmgohmsac akugoau ol sma klkgyvov jd sualcv ol

onpjusv ey AQ58 klc QV' smjqhm sma vgjxcjxl mkv onpkfsac kgg fjnpasolh fjqlsuoav sma

olsalvosy jd onpkfs ov tkuoac kfujvv smava fjqlsuoav xosm Olcok eaolh sma njvs vatauagy

onpkfsac, Klkgyvov jd fjvs fjnpasosotalavv uatakgv smks Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy mkv k

vohlodofkls fjvs covkctklskha tov..tov Fmolk' Eklhgkcavm' Toaslkn klc Vuo Gklbk

tkuyolh dujn 5! sj ;5! capalcolh jl sma S$F vahnals klc fjqlsuy, Nkiju dkfsjuv

fjlsuoeqsolh sj sma fjvs covkctklskha jd Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy kua mohm ukx nksauokg fjvs'mohm gkejqu fjvs' mohm pjxau fjvs klc mohm suklvkfsojl fjvs, Njuajtau' jl kffjqls jd duaa

nkubas kffavv ktkogkega sj Eklhgkcavm -dju a}pjusv sj AQ58 klc Ikpkl/ klc sj Vuo Gklbk

-dju a}pjusv sj AQ58/' smava fjqlsuoav mkta k dqusmau fjvs kctklskha tov..tov Olcok, Smov

ov dqusmau fjnpjqlcac ey kljnkgoav ol sk}av klc cqsoav smauaey kddafsolh sma jtaukgg fjvs

fjnpasosotalavv jd Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy,

Eavocav gkfb jd fjvs fjnpasosotalavv' sma jsmau onpaconalsv sj hujxsm dju sma Olcokl

S$F olcqvsuy kua9

Mohm capalcalfa jd S$F sukca jl AQ58 klc QV nkubasv

Mohm capalcalfa jl fjssjl pujcqfsv

Gkfb jd ktkogkeogosy jd vboggac gkejqu

Mohm xjubolh fkposkg olsauavs dju pujfquanals jd fjssjl

Cagky ol covequvanals jd SQDV kvvovsklfa klc jsmau kvvovsklfa

Kv sma Olcokl S$F olcqvsuy mkv k vohlodofkls anpgjynals pjsalsokg klc a}pjus pjsalsokg

kv altovojlac ol sma Agatalsm Pgkl' Hjtaulnals vmjqgc skba vsapv sj kccuavv sma ovvqav

kddafsolh fjvs fjnpasosotalavv jd smov olcqvsuy ey kcjpsolh sma djggjxolh nakvquav9


52/58

15wP k h a Pjxau uagksac ovvqav9 Vqppjus fkpsota pjxau halauksojl ol sma uahojlv vqddauolh dujn

kfqsa pjxau vmjuskha ey kggjxolh a}anpsojl jd a}fova klc fqvsjnv cqsy pkoc dju go{qoc

dqagv qvac dju fkpsota pjxau halauksojl,

Gkejqu ovvqav9 Olfuakva gkejqu dga}oeogosy avpafokggy dju sma gkejqu olsalvota vafsjuv jd

S$F olcqvsuy ey kggjxolh fjlsukfs gkejqu' a}salcolh gkejqu xjubolh mjquv klc uagk}olh

sma ljunv jd Olcqvsuokg Covpqsav Kfs' ;?38 xosm uahkucv sma lqneau jd xjubauv,

Kljnkgoav ol sk}av klc cqsoav9 Sogg vyvsanksof fjuuafsojlv ol sma sk}ksojl pjgofy kua

onpganalsac' catova k nafmklovn sj uadqlc sma vsksa gatag sk}av klc cqsoav sj S$F

a}pjusauv' sma olfocalfa jd xmofm ov jl kl ktaukha 3! jd sma a}.dkfsjuy puofa, Kgvj uatova

cqsy cukxekfb uksav sj fjnpgasagy laqsukgoa sma olfocalfa jd kgg cqsoav pkoc klc sma

covequvkg jd cqsy cukxekfb fgkonv vmjqgc ea a}pacosac,

Suklvkfsojl fjvs9 Cjfqnalskuy pujfacquav ks sma pjusv vmjqgc ea vonpgodoac sj uacqfa

sma suklvkfsojl fjvsv olfquuac ey sma a}pjusauv, Addjusv vmjqgc ea nkca sj olfuakva pjus

fkpkfosy klc sj onpujta ukog*ujkc fjllafsotosy sj pjusv,

Ukx nksauokg uagksac ovvqav9 Djunqgksa k fjnpuamalvota Doeua Pjgofy sj alvqua

ktkogkeogosy jd ukx nksauokg -avpafokggy fjssjl klc pjgyavsau/ sj sma cjnavsof S$F

olcqvsuy ks fjnpasosota puofav, Sogg k doeua pjgofy ov djunqgksac' vqppjus sma olcqvsuy sj

uacqfa osv capalcalfa jl fjssjl ey kejgovmolh onpjus cqsy jl nklnkca doeuav klc smaou

olsaunacoksav' klc kejgovmolh a}fova cqsy jl nklnkca doeua klc smaou olsaunacoksav


53/58

16wP k h a

FMKPSAU =

UAFJNNALCKSOJLV

Onnacoksa9

;, Onnacoksa kc mjf olfuakvav ol kgg olcqvsuy Cqsy cukx ekfb uksav ey ks gakvs 5!,

5, 5! kccosojlkg vqetalsojl ol a}pjus fuacos

6, A}anpsojl jd duolha ealados sk} kv kppgofkega sj OS vafsju nky ea a}salcac sj

kppkuag a}pjus vafsju

3, =0 MMF ealados vmjqgc ea ua.olsujcqfac dju ks gakvs 1 yakuv

1, Olsauavs duaa gjklv dju oltavsnals ol nkfmolauy vmjqgc ea olsujcqfac kgjlh xosmauj cqsy onpjus jd fkposkg hjjcv vfmana,

Vmjus saun9

;, Njuksjuoqn jd sxj yakuv dju uapkynals jd puolfopkg knjqls khkolvs saun gjkl

5, K pkus jd dqlcv qlcau uqukg anpgjynals hqkuklsaa vfmana ea akunkubac dju

kppkuag vafsju' volfa kevjuev khuofqgsqua gkejqu,

Gjlh saun9

;, Ealadosv ktkogkega ol VAY kua a}salcac' ks pku sj qlosv ol cjnavsof skuodd kuak' od

a}pjusv kua ks gakvs ?0! nklqdkfsquolh,

5, Mohmau kggjfksojl jd dqlcv sj kppkuag a}pjus olcqvsuy dju fkpkfosy eqogcolh

6, Uv,510 Fujua kggjfksojlv dju euklc eqogcolh a}aufova,


54/58

13wP k h a

Od uafjnnalcksojlv kua kffapsac

Jtau 8;! anpgjynals halauksojl ov ol hkunals vafsju

Konv ks 81! kfmoatanals ol sa}soga nolovsuy(v skuhas dju lax ijev jd = noggojl ey50;5

Couafs anpgjynals halauksojl ol hkunalsolh xogg ea 6,63 noggojl

Xaktolh' blossolh klc pujfavvolh xogg ea ;,;3 noggojl

Vpollolh 0,5 noggojl

Olcouafs anpgjynals halauksojl xogg ea 4,01 noggojl,


55/58

11wP k h a

EOEGOJHUKPM_

Xaevosav9

;, xxx,xobopacok,fjn

5, xxx,hjjhga,fjn

6, xxx,vfuoec,fjn

3, xxx,sa}nol,lof,ol

Ejjbv $ Kusofgav9

Nkubasolh nklkhanals9 klkgyvov' pgkllolh' onpganalsksojl' klc fjlsujg ey Pmogop Bjsgau

. Eqvolavv $ Afjljnofv . ;?==

Nkubasolh Nklkhanalsey Pmogop Bjsgau' Batol Baggau .Eqvolavv $ Afjljnofv . 500=

Uavakufm nasmjcjgjhy9 k vsap.ey.vsap hqoca dju eahollauv ey Uklios Bqnku . Vjfokg

Vfoalfa . 5001

Uavakufm nasmjcjgjhyey Cjqhgkv B, Cassaunkl .Pvyfmjgjhy . ;?=1
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=QiTOHgAACAAJ&dq=marketing+managementhttp://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Business+%26+Economics%22http://books.google.co.in/books?id=x_kp__WmFzoC&pg=PR3&dq=research+methodologyhttp://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Social+Science%22http://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Social+Science%22http://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Psychology%22http://books.google.co.in/books?id=QiTOHgAACAAJ&dq=marketing+managementhttp://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Business+%26+Economics%22http://books.google.co.in/books?id=x_kp__WmFzoC&pg=PR3&dq=research+methodologyhttp://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Social+Science%22http://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Social+Science%22http://books.google.co.in/books?q=+subject:%22Psychology%22


56/58

14wP k h a

KLLA]QUA

[qavsojllkoua dju a}pjusau

Lkna jd a}pjusau

Kccuavv jd a}pjusau

Caku Vou

Cj yjq a}pjus sa}soga hjjcv sj jsmau fjqlsuoav

f, yav

c, lj

Xmofm sa}soga yjq kua a}pjusolh:

fjssjl

xjjg

vogb

iqsa

jsmauv


57/58

18wP k h a

Sj xmofm yjqu a}pjus eqvolavv ov njvs uagksac sj,

Kqvsukgok

Fklkck

Duklfa

Haunkly

Oskgy

Ikpkl

Lasmau.gklc

Qka

Q,v,k,

Q,b,

Jsmau fjqlsuoav

Cj yjq smolb smks uafavvojl kddafsac yjqu eqvolavv,

f, yav

c, lj

Od yav smal xmks ov sma onpkfs jl sma eqvolavv

f, pujdos

c, gjvv


58/58

1=wP k h a

Xmks ov sma paufalskha fmklha ol a}pjus

o, ;0! olfuakva

i, 50! olfuakvab, 60! olfuakva

g, Njua smkl 60 ! olfuakva

n, Njua smkl 60 ! cafuakva

l, 60! cafuakva

j, 50! cafuakva

p, ;0! cafuakva

Coc kly Hjtaulnals pjgofy magp yjq sj jtaufjna dujn vmjfb jd uafavvojl:

c, yav vjna mjx

a, yav ey tauy a}sals

d, ljs ks kgg

Mjx nqfm sona yjq smolb smks yjq laac sj jtaufjna yjqu gjvvav ol eqvolavv

c, njua smkl sxj yaku

a, gavv smkl sxj yaku eqs njua smkl jla yaku

d, gavv smkl jla yaku

Xmks yjq smolb xmj kua Uavpjlvoega dju smov kgg cuknk -dolklfokg fuovov/

a, QVK

d A

Empact of Rescession on Indian Textile Export

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