Emigrant Tribes

By the 1830s, the world of the native Kanza and Osage tribes

changed.

Their land was no longer their own. Native groups all around the East and Midwest had been defeated and pushed from their

land by incoming European settlers. The question was what

to do with these eastern Indians.

An idea was to create a Permanent Indian Frontier in what is now eastern Kansas

and Oklahoma. It was hoped that Indians located here would

be undisturbed by white settlers and the alcohol trade.

But that didn’t happen.

Large and small bands of Indians from the Great Lakes to Florida were

removed to this Indian Territory. The Cherokees called their brutal removal journey “The Trail of Tears” and the

Pottawatomies called theirs “The Trail of Death.”

Several native groups were relocated to the area now known as Franklin

County: Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsees, Sac and Fox,

Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Peorias, Piankeshaws, Kaskaskias and Weas.

The Chippewas

of Black River and Swan Creek (Michigan)

Ash-E-Taa-Na-Quet or Clear Sky

(Francis McCoonse)

Ka-pah-us-ke,

(Robert McCoonse)

Grandson of the Old Chippewa Chief

In his youth, he was sent to

school in Nazareth, PA by

the Moravian missionaries. He’s wearing his uniform

above.

Mary Alice McCoonse, Chippewa, right, dressed to

go to school at Haskell Institute in Lawrence, KS.

Her little sister, Matilda Maria, is left.

The Sac and Fox

of the Mississippi

Sac Chief Keokuk, or the Watchful Fox

Keokuk’s son,

Wa-som-e-saw

called the

Reverend Moses

Keokuk in later

life.

Sac and Fox

Op-po-noos or Appanoose or

Appan-oze-o-ke-mar

(The Hereditary Chief, or He Who Was a Chief When a Child)

Appanoose

Right is a print of a painting of

Appanoose made by

George Bird King

Sac and Fox

Two unidentified Sac

and Fox men photographed

by A.W. Barker.

Two examples of Sac and Fox bark houses—one in Franklin County and

one in Oklahoma.

The Munsees

William Henry Kilbuck

Munsee John Henry Kilbuck, Moravian missionary to Alaska

In 1900, the Chippewas and Munsees were given their land individually, and

the tribes were dissolved.

The two groups posed for a final photograph.

The Illinois and Wabash Bands

The Peoria, Kaskaskia,

Piankeshaw and Wea

Chief Baptiste Peoria

The Ottawasof Blanchard’s Fork,

Roche de Boeuf,

and Ocquanoxcey’s Village

Ottawa Chief Pah-Tee (John Wilson)

1813-April 9, 1870

Died on the journey to Oklahoma at Osage Mission

Che-quah, Ottawa Medicine Woman

(Aunt Jane Phelps)

1766-1886

Ottawa Chief Ko-twah-wun

(Joseph Badger King)

1822-1915

Na-qua ke-zhick--Noonday

(William Hurr), trustee of Ottawa University, translator for Sac & Fox

The route of the Ottawa from the Great Lakes through Ohio to Kansas and then Oklahoma

By 1900, all the Nations had been relocated to Oklahoma except the

Munsees and Chippewas, whose tribal organizations were terminated.