Embarq india talking transit - august 2012 - advantage of cng over other fuels.

Delhi Transport Corporation

“Control pollution”

Advantages of CNG over other Fuels

Prepared by

Ravinder Minhas


(Govt. of NCT of Delhi)

New Delhi

for

EMBARQ’s Second Talking Transit workshop

held on August 30 – 31, 2012

at

Vishakapatnam – 530 020

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• The use of CNG as an alternative fuel to diesel and gasoline has offered numerous advantages, which has increased the use of CNG substantially in the last few years.

Some of these advantages of CNG are:• CNG offers lower operating cost after initial

investment.• CNG is cheaper than gasoline and diesel. • CNG is cleaner and thus reduces pollution level

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Introduction



Advantage• CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It

is one of the most viable alternatives to traditional fuel energy resources for the automotive industry. CNG is low in pollutants, high in calorific value and heat yield, economical and available in abundance globally. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a substitute for gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel.

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• It is considered to be an environmentally "clean" alternative to gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel. It is made by compressing methane (CH4) extracted from natural gas. It is stored and distributed in hard containers, usually cylinders.

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Green fuel

• Commonly referred to as the green fuel because of its lead and sulphur free character, CNG reduces harmful emissions. Being non-corrosive, it enhances the longevity of spark plugs. Due to the absence of any lead or benzene content in CNG, the lead fouling of spark plugs and lead or benzene pollution are eliminated.

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Increased life of oils and mixes evenly in air

• Another practical advantage observed is the increased life of lubricating oils, as CNG does not contaminate and dilute the crankcase oil.

• Being a gaseous fuel CNG mixes in the air easily and evenly.

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Safety• CNG is less likely to auto-ignite on hot

surfaces, since it has a high auto-ignition temperature (540 degrees centigrade) and a narrow range (5%-15%) of inflammability. It means that if CNG concentration in the air is below 5% or above 15%, it will not burn. This high ignition temperature and limited flammability range makes accidental ignition or combustion very unlikely.

“Control pollution”7


Low operational cost

• The operational cost of vehicles running on CNG, as compared to those running on other fuels, is significantly low. At the prevailing price of fuel in Delhi, operational cost of CNG vehicles is 68% lower than petrol and 36% lower than diesel.



Properties Unit Petrol Diesel LPG CNG

Relative density Water = 1 0.74 0.84 0.55 -

Relative density Air =1 - - 1.285 0.64

Auto-ignition

Temperature Degree C 360 280 374 540

% in Air 1-8 0.6-5.5 2.2-9.0 5-15

Flame Temperature Degree C 2,030 1,780 1,983 1,900

Octane Number - 87 - 93 127


Comparison of Properties of CNG with other Fuels


Why CNG is better than other fuels?

• Compressed natural gas is the cleanest burning fuel operating today. This means less vehicle maintenance and longer engine life.

• The cost of CNG is almost a third of the cost of Petrol in terms of calorific value resulting in substantial saving in fuel cost, and investment on the CNG kit is paid back in a short period.



• The use of CNG as a fuel reduces vehicular exhaust emissions significantly. Carbon Monoxide emissions are reduced by 70 to 90% and Hydrocarbon emissions by 40 to 60% as compared to vehicles that use the conventional fuel – Petrol or Diesel. Carbon Dioxide emissions, a cause for global warming, are also reduced significantly by 10%.



• The basic engine characteristics of a vehicle are retained while converting it to run on CNG. The vehicle therefore is capable of running either on Petrol or on CNG at the flick of a switch on its dashboard.

• CNG vehicles produce the fewest emissions of any motor fuel.

• CNG produces significantly less pollutants than gasoline or Diesel.



• Dedicated CNG engines are superior in performance to gasoline engines

• Natural gas is cheaper per equivalent gallon than gasoline (an average of 15% to 50% less than gasoline).

• Converting a gasoline-powered vehicle to CNG requires only minor engine modifications.



• Surveys indicate that NGVs are as safe or safer than those powered by other fuels. A 1992 AGA (American Gas Association) survey of more than 8,000 vehicles found that with more than 278 million miles traveled, NGV injury rates per vehicle mile traveled were 34% lower than the rate for gasoline vehicles. There were no fatalities reported--even though these vehicles were involved in over 1,800 collisions.


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• Saves 70% of fuel cost.• CNG is cost effective as compared to

gasoline and diesel. • CNG is a cleaner fuel and thus reduces

pollution level. • CNG can be used with both the Otto Cycle

(spark ignition) and the modified Diesel cycle.

• Flexibility of usage in conjunction with other fuels such as gasoline or diesel.



CNG is the best Auto Fuel as it is




FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS…



What is CNG?

CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It is a gaseous fuel and is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly

methane in the range of 95%. Due to its low density, it is compressed to a pressure of 200 bar to enhance the vehicle on-board storage capacity.

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Yes, it is safe. The properties of CNG make it a safe fuel. It is lighter than air, and hence in case of leakage it

disperses into the atmosphere rapidly. Its high auto-ignition temperature of

540 degrees centigrade as against petrol’s 360 degrees centigrade

makes it even more safe fuel. CNG also has a narrow inflammability

range of 5% to 15%, making it much safer than other fuels.

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Is CNG safe?



Will my fuel expenses reduce after conversion to CNG?

Yes, the fuel bill on the basis of average running of vehicle reduces substantially when compared to other conventional fuels. Price of CNG is lesser than other fuels and also it enhances the mileage of the vehicle, making it the most economical fuel.

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Is CNG environmentally friendlier than any other fuel?

Yes, it is. As CNG mainly consists of methane which is the simplest hydrocarbon, it is a much cleaner and efficient fuel. The use of CNG significantly reduces harmful exhaust gas emissions like carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide which causes harmful diseases like cancer, asthama etc. CNG also helps in reducing the effects of global warming.

• Top21

http://www.mahanagargas.com/FAQs.aspx?Mkey=NDc=&lKey=Mw==



Are cylinders used for filling CNG safe?

Cylinders used for storing gas are designed with very high safety factor in accordance with global standards. These cylinders are tested and certified

for usage by statutory authorities and each cylinder is defined with an expiry date of usage after which

they are to be tested again for safe use. These cylinders have been designed to take impact of

collision in case of accidents.

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Which type of vehicles can be converted into CNG?

All spark-ignited engines can be converted to CNG, for which a specially designed conversion kit is required for the conversion process. The kit consists of a cylinder to be fixed in the boot of the

car and other equipments to allow gas flow into the engine.

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What are the dimensions and weight of a CNG cylinder?

CNG cylinders are manufactured from a special steel alloy and are seamless in construction. Their compact size allows them to easily fit into a small car. An empty CNG cylinder

with a 50 litre-water-carrying capacity weighs 48 kg (approximately), and has a length of 835 mm and a

diameter of 316 mm. The 50 litre capacity cylinder is the one most regularly used in CNG kits but cylinders with 45 litre, 55 litre, 60 litre and 65 litre capacity are used as well.

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What is the pressure of CNG in a cylinder? Is refueling of a cylinder safe, given the pressure?

CNG cylinders are designed and built in such a way so as to withstand high pressure. The maximum pressure in a CNG

cylinder is up to 200 bar. CNG cylinders are safe as they are manufactured as per specific requirements and tested before

use, in accordance with international specifications and standards, and are duly approved by the Chief Controller of

Explosives. Moreover, they are provided with a pressure relief device (PRD) that consists of a fusible plug and a burst disc

that ruptures in case of extremely high pressure and temperature

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Does CNG have any harmful effect on the engine?

Owing to CNG's distinct features, it does not contaminate or dilute crankcase oil, giving a new

lease of life to the engine. The absence of any lead content in CNG helps avoid lead fouling of plugs, thereby enhancing plug life. As CNG enters the

engine in the form of a gas (and not as a spray or mist like other fuels),no carbon is generated during the combustion of CNG reducing the

chances of wear and tear.

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Thank You…[email protected]

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Embarq india talking transit - august 2012 - advantage of cng over other fuels.

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