Električne Mašine 2 Sinhrone Mašine
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Transcript of Električne Mašine 2 Sinhrone Mašine
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Elektrine Maine 2
Matija Sokola
Sinhrone MaineII deoFebruar 2011
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Osnovni Delovi Magnetno kolo: Statora, rotora, meugvoe (zazor). Rotorsko magnetno kolo ini celinu sa vratilom maine i ima 2 p polova koji mogu biti ili od masivnog gvoa ili od limova. Statorsko magnetno kolo je uplji valjak od tankih limova, ravnomerno olebljen na svojoj unutarnjoj periferiji.Zazor treba da je to manji, ali ga diktiraju mehanike veliine.
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NamotajiStatora, rotora/pobude, (amortizacioni). Pobudni namotaj (induktor) je smeten na rotoru i napajan je jednosmernom strujom.Dve izvedbe pobudnog namotaja :Za cilindrian rotor namotaj je distribuiran tj. sastavljen iz sekcija smetenih u lebovima.Za rotor sa istaknutim polovima namotaj je koncentrisan oko jezgra pola.Statorski trofazni, u ljebovima statora, obino spregnut u Y .
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Sinhrona Maina - namot
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Preseci rotora - cilindrini- zub- ljebpobudni namot rotora
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Preseci rotora - cilindriniRotorski blok velikog turbo generatora. (Westinghouse)
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Rotor generatora sa postavljenim provodnicima
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Kompletan RotorRotor velikog generatora, kompletno sastavljen. (Westinghouse)
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Preseci rotora istureni poloviIstureni polPobudni namot
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Namotaji - amortizacioniNa rotoru moe da postoji i priguni (amortizacioni) namotaj, koji priguuje oscilovanje brzine obrtanja rotora oko sinhrone brzine u prelaznim procesima. Tada se ponaa kao kavezni rotor asinhronog motora. U ustaljenom stanju nema funkciju, jer nema indukcije. Ugrauje se u polne vrhove maina sa istaknutim polovima.Okrugli bakarni tapovi u ljebovima u polnom stopalu, kratko spojeni sa dva provodna prstena sa oba boka. U maine sa cilindrinim rotorom ugrauje se priguni namotaj kada se oekuju velika nesimetrina optereenja.
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Princip RadaDC struja kroz pobudni namot stvara stalno magnetno polje.Magnetnopobudna sila (mps) pobude miruje u odnosu na rotor, pa se naziva stojeom. Obrtanjem rotora stvara se obrtno magnetsko polje. Ovo polje preseca statine provodnike statora i u njima indukuje elektromotornu silu (ems). Indukovane ems svake faze su jednake po vrednosti ali vremenski pomerene za treinu periode tj. za ugao 120 deg.Ako rotor ima jedan par polova, onda e se, pri jednom obrtaju, imati jedna potpuna promena ems, odnosno za p pari polova imaemo p promena ems.
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Princip RadaPoto se u elektroenergetskim sistemima zahteva stabilnost uestanosti (Evropa 50Hz , a Severna Amerika 60Hz ), onda i brzina obrtanja sinhronih generator mora biti konstantna. n = 60 f / p = const.Dakle, u Evropi, imaemo sledee brzine obrtanja:
p123456n [o/min]300015001000750600500
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Reakcija InduktaPri optereenju, trofazne struje statora daju ekvivalentnu obrtnu mps (Teslino obrtno polje), koje se obre istom brzinom kao rotor (a i rotorsko polje) tj. sinhronom brzinom - otuda potie i naziv sinhrone maine. Magnetno polje u meugvou nastaje zajednikim delovanjem magnetopobudnih sila rotore/pobude i statora. Povratno delovanje polja statora (indukta) na polje polova rotora (induktora), naziva se magnetna reakcija indukta i zavisi od karaktera optereenja. U zavisnosti od meusobnog poloaja magnetnih polja rotora i statora, razvijaju se odgovarajue sile i obrtni momenti.
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Pobuda sinhronih mainaPobudni namotaj sinhrone maine napaja se iz posebnog izvora jednosmerne struje. Dve osnovne grupe:dinamiki (elektromainski) sistemi, gde se pobudni namotaj napaja pomou generatora jednosmerne struje,statiki sistemi, gde je izvor jednosmerne struje statiki pretvara energetske elektronike (ispravlja ili oper).Danas su dominantni statiki pobudni sistemi, uglavnom zbog lakoe i brzine upravljanja.
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Oblik polja (mps) rotoraKod sinhronog generatora posebno je vano da oblik indukovane ems bude harmonian (sinusoidan). Kako je ems posledica promene fluksa, polje rotora treba da bude to priblinije harmonino u prostoru. Ako oblik polja nije potpuno harmonian, potrebno je vie harmonike komponente uiniti to manjim.Kod cilindrinog rotora polje ima oblik stepenastog trapeza. Navojni delovi u lebovima imaju pravougaoni oblik mps. Dizajnom statorskog namota optimiziramo ems.
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Oblik polja (mps) rotoraKod rotora sa istaknutim polovima polje bi imalo oblik pravougaonika kada bi polovi bili takvi da je duina meugvoa pod polovima stalna. Meutim, da bi polje, a prema tome i ems bila to blia sinusoidnom obliku, meugvoe pod polnim nastavcima nije stalno, ve se zazor menja pod polnim nastavkom. Odnos duine polnog nastavka i polnog koraka namotaja iznosi oko 0,75.
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Sprezanje namotaja 3~ generatoraTrofazni generatori se, u principu, spreu trougao ili zvezdu.Uglavnom se primenjuje sprega u zvezdu jer se: u linijskom naponu ponitava trei harmonik. ponitavaju sve harmonike komponente vieg reda deljive sa tri. izbegavaju lokalne struje koje su prisutne u namotaju generatrora u sprezi trougao,postoji neutralna taka - jednostavnija zatita pri istoj konstrukciji faznih namotaja dobija vii linijski napon.
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Karakteristika praznog hodaKarakteristika praznog hoda je zavisnost AC napona indukta na prikljucima neoptereenog generatora E0 , od jednosmerne pobudne struje, Jp, pri konstantnoj nominalnoj brzini i uestanosti. Glavni deo pobudne struje, AB pripada mps meugvoa, a deo BC mps magnetskog kola.Znaajan podatak karakteristike praznog hoda je vrednost pobudne struje, J0 , pri kojoj se ima linijska ems po vrednosti jednaka nominalnom naponu.
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Karakteristika ustaljenog kratkog spojaKarakteristika ustaljenog kratkog spoja prikazuje zavisnost AC struje na kratkospojenim prikljucima statora, Ik , od jednosmerne pobudne struje, Jp , kada je brzina obrtanja nominalna.Obino se ogled vri pri tropolnom kratkom spoju, do vrednosti struje kratkog spoja koja je neto vea od nominalne struje generatora.Na osnovu rezultata, nacrta se karakteristika kratkog spoja, koja je obino prava linija.Znaajan podatak je vrednost struje pobude, Jp, pri kojoj se ima linijska struja kratkog spoja jednaka nominalnoj.
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Indukcija u sinhronom generatoruNeoptereen sinhroni generator
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IndukcijaGlavni fluks rotora svojom rotacijom indukuje napon u namotima statora:
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Reakcija InduktaFluksevi rotora (f) i reakcije indukta (s).
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Reakcija InduktaStruja statora izaziva rotirajui fluks koji se suprotstavlja fluksu rotora i smanjuje indukovani napon.
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Reaktanse statoraReakcija indukta se manifestuje kao dodatna reaktansa namotaja statora. Pored nje, postoji i reaktansa rasipanja, X koja potie od rasipnih polja statora: eonih veza namotaja, zuba statora, feromagnetskog kola statora - polja koja ne dopiru do rotoraRelativna vrednost reaktanse rasipanja je x [%]=100 X /Xn i tipino iznosi od 10% do 15 %. Bazna reaktansa je definisana kao Xn = Un / (1.73 In ), koju izraunavamo iz podataka natpisne ploice.Za turbogeneratore, algebarski zbir reaktanse indukta i reaktanse rasipanja je sinhrona reaktansa : xs = x + xa.Za razne turbogeneratore xs iznosi od 60 do 120%.
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Ekvivalentna emaPo fazi
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Vektorski dijagram turbogeneratoraesto se crta u relativnim jedinicamauirs ij xs ie0 jdUslov proizvodnje reaktivne snage:
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Aktivna SnagaProjekcija na gornju horizontalnu osu daje:Stoga se aktivna snaga dobija kao:
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Reaktivna SnagaProjekcija na vertikalnu osu daje:Stoga se reaktivna snaga dobija kao:Q pozitivno nadpobudjen generatorQ negativno podpobudjen generator
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Objanjenje Xd i XqXd - kad je rotor u takvom poloaju da fazni namot statora vidi najmanji zazor, pa je induktivnost najvea.Xq - kad je rotor u takvom poloaju da fazni namot statora vidi najvei zazor, pa je induktivnost najmanja.
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Reaktanse indukta istureni poloviReaktansa zavisi od polozaja rotora (zazora), tj od vrste optereenja. Mps reakcije indukta - dve komponente:poduna reakcija indukta: Fad = Fa sinpoprena reakcija indukta: Faq = Fa cos.Blondelova dvo-osna teorija se moe primeniti za flukseve (ako nema zasienja) i elektrine sile.Na osnovu definicije induktivnosti L = / i dobija se da je induktivitet po d - osi (mali zazor) znaajno vei nego induktivitet u q - osi (vei zazor),Za hidrogeneratore mogu da iznose: xd = 120% , xq = 65%.
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Vektorski dijagram hidrogeneratoraq-osauiid jdd-osaiq j (xd xq)iy
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Vektorski dijagram hidrogeneratoraq-osauiid j xd ide0 jdd-osaiq j xq iqy
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Aktivna snagaProjekcija na q osu daje:Dok projekcija na d osu daje:Izrazimo Isiny i Icosy pa zamenimo
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Aktivna snagaDobijamo:Konano,Sinhrona i reluktantna komponenta.
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Aktivna snaga
Chart8
0000
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000
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Eo = 0
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
P i Q od delta
pobudaXdEoEoEoEoEoEoEo
1111.251.5011.251.5
Xq
0.5
ugaougaoPPPPQQQ
00000000.250.5
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1803.1415926536000-0-2-2.25-2.5
P i Q od delta
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Eo = 0
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
Sheet2
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
Q (r.j.)
Reaktivna snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet3
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Reaktivna snagaKao i pre, projekcije na d i q ose:Izrazimo Isiny i Icosy pa zamenimo
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Reaktivna snagaZamenama:Dobijamo
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Reaktivna snaga
Chart5
00.250.5
-0.00410951760.24554786610.4952052498
-0.01640430430.23222616960.4808566434
-0.03678340130.21013868390.457060769
-0.06507967040.17945722970.4239941299
-0.10106147180.14041998480.3819014413
-0.14443498650.09332914260.3310932716
-0.19484716080.03854794590.2719430525
-0.2518892392-0.02350287480.2048834896
-0.3151008497-0.09234921860.1304024124
-0.3839745962-0.16746824530.0490381057
-0.4579611105-0.2482934685-0.0386258265
-0.5364745084-0.3342202598-0.1319660113
-0.6188981931-0.4246117028-0.2303252124
-0.7045909429-0.5188047365-0.3330185302
-0.7928932188-0.6161165235-0.4393398282
-0.8831336253-0.7158509737-0.5485683221
-0.9746354544-0.8173053566-0.6599752588
-1.0667232449-0.9197769318-0.7728306187
-1.1587292865-1.0225695278-0.886409769
-1.25-1.125-1
-1.3399021264-1.2264045015-1.1129068765
-1.4278286601-1.3261444993-1.2244603386
-1.5132044632-1.4236124758-1.3340204884
-1.5954915028-1.5182372542-1.4409830056
-1.6741936568-1.6094888955-1.5447841342
-1.748861038-1.6968831153-1.6449051926
-1.8190937931-1.7799851768-1.7408765606
-1.8845453371-1.8584132213-1.8322811055
-1.9449249914-1.9318410024-1.9187570133
-2-2-2
-2.0495969039-2.062680893-2.075764882
-2.0936022636-2.1197343795-2.1458664953
-2.1319627232-2.1710713394-2.2101799557
-2.1646844196-2.2166623423-2.268640265
-2.191831747-2.2565365083-2.3212412695
-2.2135254916-2.2907797402-2.3680339887
-2.2299403623-2.3195323497-2.4091243371
-2.2413019463-2.342986107-2.4446702678
-2.2478831259-2.3613807508-2.4748783758
-2.25-2.375-2.5
-2.2480073566-2.3841671153-2.5203268741
-2.2422937495-2.3892400626-2.5361863756
-2.2332762365-2.3906063342-2.547936432
-2.221394838-2.3886774896-2.5559601412
-2.2071067812-2.3838834765-2.5606601718
-2.1908805938-2.3766668002-2.5624530066
-2.173190116-2.3674766064-2.5617630968
-2.1545084972-2.3567627458-2.5590169944
-2.1353022464-2.3449698884-2.5546375304
-2.1160254038-2.3325317547-2.5490381057
-2.097113898-2.3198655291-2.5426171601
-2.0789801545-2.3073665189-2.5357528833
-2.0620080138-2.2954031204-2.528798227
-2.0465480191-2.2843121482-2.5220762773
-2.0329131244-2.274394581-2.5158760375
-2.0213748719-2.2659117721-2.5104486723
-2.0121600824-2.2590821676-2.5060042527
-2.005448095-2.2540785688-2.5027090427
-2.0013685871-2.2510259708-2.5006833544
-2-2.25-2.5
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
Q (r.j.)
Reaktivna snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet1
pobudaXdEoEoEoEoEoEo
1111.251.511.251.5
Xq
0.5
ugaougaoPPPQQQ
0000000.250.5
30.05235987760.10460018790.11768417690.130768166-0.00410951760.24554786610.4952052498
60.10471975510.20848430870.23461642450.2607485403-0.01640430430.23222616960.4808566434
90.15707963270.31094296220.35005157850.3891601947-0.03678340130.21013868390.457060769
120.20943951020.41128001240.46325793510.5152358578-0.06507967040.17945722970.4239941299
150.26179938780.50881904510.57352380640.6382285677-0.10106147180.14041998480.3819014413
180.31415926540.60290962050.68016386910.7574181177-0.14443498650.09332914260.3310932716
210.36651914290.69293325270.78252524010.8721172275-0.19484716080.03854794590.2719430525
240.41887902050.77830905580.87999321660.9816773774-0.2518892392-0.02350287480.2048834896
270.4712388980.85849899690.97199662191.0854942468-0.3151008497-0.09234921860.1304024124
300.52359877560.93301270191.05801270191.1830127019-0.3839745962-0.16746824530.0490381057
330.57595865321.00141176381.13757152261.2737312813-0.4579611105-0.2482934685-0.0386258265
360.62831853071.06331351041.21025982351.3572061366-0.5364745084-0.3342202598-0.1319660113
390.68067840831.11839419141.27572428921.4330543869-0.6188981931-0.4246117028-0.2303252124
420.73303828581.1663915541.33367420561.5009568572-0.7045909429-0.5188047365-0.3330185302
450.78539816341.20710678121.38388347651.5606601718-0.7928932188-0.6161165235-0.4393398282
480.8377580411.24040577321.42619197951.6119781859-0.8831336253-0.7158509737-0.5485683221
510.89011791851.26621976181.46050625221.6547927426-0.9746354544-0.8173053566-0.6599752588
540.94247779611.28454525251.48679950111.6890537497-1.0667232449-0.9197769318-0.7728306187
570.99483767361.29544329681.50511093881.7147785807-1.1587292865-1.0225695278-0.886409769
601.04719755121.29903810571.51554445661.7320508076-1.25-1.125-1
631.09955742881.29551502141.51826665241.7410182835-1.3399021264-1.2264045015-1.1129068765
661.15191730631.28511787041.51350423481.7418905992-1.4278286601-1.3261444993-1.2244603386
691.20427718391.26814572971.50154083631.7349359429-1.5132044632-1.4236124758-1.3340204884
721.25663706141.24494914241.48271327151.7204774006-1.5954915028-1.5182372542-1.4409830056
751.3089969391.21592582631.45740728291.6988887394-1.6741936568-1.6094888955-1.5447841342
781.36135681661.18151592231.42605282251.6705897226-1.748861038-1.6968831153-1.6449051926
811.41371669411.14219683781.38911892291.6360410081-1.8190937931-1.7799851768-1.7408765606
841.46607657171.09847774081.34710821461.5957386885-1.8845453371-1.8584132213-1.8322811055
871.51843644921.05089376641.30055115011.5502085338-1.9449249914-1.9318410024-1.9187570133
901.570796326811.251.5-2-2-2
931.62315620440.94636530311.19602268681.4456800705-2.0495969039-2.062680893-2.075764882
961.67551608190.890566051.13919652381.3878269976-2.0936022636-2.1197343795-2.1458664953
991.72787595950.83317984341.08010192861.3270240137-2.1319627232-2.1710713394-2.2101799557
1021.7802358370.77477927921.01931617941.2638530796-2.1646844196-2.2166623423-2.268640265
1051.83259571460.71592582630.95740728291.1988887394-2.191831747-2.2565365083-2.3212412695
1081.88495559220.65716389010.89492801921.1326921483-2.2135254916-2.2907797402-2.3680339887
1111.93731546970.59901512330.83241022991.0658053366-2.2299403623-2.3195323497-2.4091243371
1141.98967534730.54197304490.77035940930.9987457737-2.2413019463-2.342986107-2.4446702678
1172.04203522480.4864980270.7092496580.9320012891-2.2478831259-2.3613807508-2.4748783758
1202.09439510240.43301270190.64951905280.8660254038-2.25-2.375-2.5
1232.146754980.38189783910.59156548110.8012331231-2.2480073566-2.3841671153-2.5203268741
1262.19911485750.33348873620.53574298480.7379972334-2.2422937495-2.3892400626-2.5361863756
1292.25147473510.28807216110.48235865150.6766451418-2.2332762365-2.3906063342-2.547936432
1322.30383461260.24588387780.43167008420.6174562905-2.221394838-2.3886774896-2.5559601412
1352.35619449020.20710678120.38388347650.5606601718-2.2071067812-2.3838834765-2.5606601718
1382.40855436780.17186965870.33915231030.5064349619-2.1908805938-2.3766668002-2.5624530066
1412.46091424530.14024659070.29757668840.4549067862-2.173190116-2.3674766064-2.5617630968
1442.51327412290.11225699410.25920330720.4061496203-2.1545084972-2.3567627458-2.5590169944
1472.56563400040.08786630620.22402606490.3601858237-2.1353022464-2.3449698884-2.5546375304
1502.6179938780.06698729810.19198729810.3169872981-2.1160254038-2.3325317547-2.5490381057
1532.67035375560.04948200260.16297962750.2764772524-2.097113898-2.3198655291-2.5426171601
1562.72271363310.03516423030.13684839110.2385325519-2.0789801545-2.3073665189-2.5357528833
1592.77507351070.02380264640.11339463380.2029866211-2.0620080138-2.2954031204-2.528798227
1622.82743338820.01512436820.09237861680.1696328654-2.0465480191-2.2843121482-2.5220762773
1652.87979326580.00881904510.07352380640.1382285677-2.0329131244-2.274394581-2.5158760375
1682.93215314340.00454336930.0565212920.1084992147-2.0213748719-2.2659117721-2.5104486723
1712.98451302090.00192596790.04103458410.0801432004-2.0121600824-2.2590821676-2.5060042527
1743.03687289850.00057261790.02670473370.0528368495-2.005448095-2.2540785688-2.5027090427
1773.0892327760.00007172460.01315571370.0262397027-2.0013685871-2.2510259708-2.5006833544
1803.1415926536000-2-2.25-2.5
Sheet1
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet2
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
Q (r.j.)
Reaktivna snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet3
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Mordejeve V-kriveZavisnost struje statora od struje pobude.Za poetak sa nultom aktivnom snagom.E0 = Uui=0e0 uij xs ie0 juij xs ie0 j Ako se povea pobuda, E0 > UAko se smanji pobuda, E0 < U
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Mordejeve V-kriveDobija seIJ0JpP=0 Prava bez zasienja, Kriva sa zasienjem i sa p > 0
kapind
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Mordejeve V-kriveZa razne aktivne snage, sa zasienjem.
Chart1
0.951.01980390271.07703296141.1661903791.2806248475
0.90.80173961140.80622577480.8768635840.9926625181
0.80.6835054330.68232895950.76269225480.894427191
0.70.57748148110.58402694350.68436774730.8366798151
0.60.47815180650.50434051390.6324555320.8069359442
0.50.38517426380.44446422840.60505463270.8003810635
0.40.30134143680.40861928740.6012811580.8137413234
0.30.23453597280.40076158350.61926366040.8439694852
0.20.2010179240.42102054610.65587946440.8880983661
0.10.21603063380.4649049630.70742814690.9433981132
00.27123437610.52604032830.7704028851.0075201738
0.10.34778367450.59886020160.84190572861.0785464348
0.20.43441766530.67942131480.91972139821.1549629622
0.30.52610479050.76515205781.0022218939
0.40.62056299170.85440871081.088229385
0.50.7166668660.946131532
0.60.8138127771.0396232065
0.70.911653045
0.81.0099753718
0.9
1
p=0
p=0,2
p=0,4
p=0,6
p=0,8
Struja pobude (r.j.)
Struja statora (r.j.)
Mordejeve Krive Turbogeneratora
Sheet1
E0IpE0E0 trend
0000.05
0.10.10.10.1585
0.20.20.20.264
0.30.30.30.3665
0.40.40.40.466
0.50.50.50.5625
0.60.60.60.656
0.70.70.70.7465
0.80.80.80.834
0.90.90.90.9185
1111
1.11.21.11.154
1.21.41.21.296
1.31.61.31.426
1.41.81.41.544
1.521.51.65
1.62.31.61.7865
1.72.61.71.896
1.82.91.81.9785
1.93.21.92.034
23.522.0625
Sheet1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
E0
Sheet2
00.05
0.10.1585
0.20.264
0.30.3665
0.40.466
0.50.5625
0.60.656
0.70.7465
0.80.834
0.90.9185
11
1.11.154
1.21.296
1.31.426
1.41.544
1.51.65
1.61.7865
1.71.896
1.81.9785
1.92.034
22.0625
E0
E0 trend
Sheet3
p0xs1
u1
p0
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.050-0.950.950-0.151.101.217.33333333330
0.10-0.90.90.0457398363-0.151.1-0.051.187.28759349710.0457398363
0.20-0.80.80.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30-0.70.70.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40-0.60.60.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50-0.50.50.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60-0.40.40.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70-0.30.30.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80-0.20.20.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90-0.10.10.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10001-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.100.10.11.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.200.20.21.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.300.30.31.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.400.40.41.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.500.50.51.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.600.60.61.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.700.70.72.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.800.80.82.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.900.90.92.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20113-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.2
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.21.5707963268-11.01980390270.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30.7297276562-0.77639320230.80173961140.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.5235987756-0.65358983850.6835054330.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.4115168461-0.54174243050.57748148110.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.3398369095-0.43431457510.47815180650.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.2897517014-0.32917960680.38517426380.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.2526802551-0.22540333080.30134143680.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.2240930923-0.12250356130.23453597280.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.2013579208-0.02020410290.2010179241-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.1828351370.08166538260.21603063381.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.16744807920.18321595660.27123437611.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.15445959850.28452325790.34778367451.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.14334756890.38564064610.43441766531.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.13373158940.48660687470.52610479051.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.12532783120.58745078660.62056299171.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.1179201520.68819430160.7166668662.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.11134101430.7888543820.8138127772.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.10545852540.88944436280.9116530452.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.10016742120.98997487421.00997537183-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.4
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.41.5707963268-11.07703296140.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.927295218-0.70.80622577480.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.7297276562-0.55278640450.68232895950.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.6082455789-0.42554373530.58402694350.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.5235987756-0.3071796770.50434051390.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.4605539917-0.19377422520.44446422840.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.4115168461-0.0834848610.40861928741-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.3721685340.02469507660.40076158351.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.33983690950.13137084990.42102054611.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.31276672190.23693168770.4649049631.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.28975170140.34164078650.52604032831.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.26993279580.44568322950.59886020161.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.25268025510.54919333850.67942131481.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.23752117080.65227116420.76515205782.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.22409309230.75499287750.85440871082.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.21211331050.85741756210.9461315322.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.20135792080.95959179421.03962320653-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.6
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.50000.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.61.5707963268-11.1661903790.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.71.0296968008-0.63944487250.8768635840.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.848062079-0.47084973780.76269225480.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.7297276562-0.32917960680.68436774730.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.6435011088-0.20.6324555321-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.5769313452-0.07804555430.60505463271.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.52359877560.03923048450.6012811581.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.47972863770.15325625950.61926366041.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.44291104410.26491106410.65587946441.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.41151684610.37477270850.70742814691.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.38439677450.48323969740.7704028851.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.36071272040.59059737210.84190572862.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.33983690950.69705627480.91972139822.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.32128858930.80277563771.00222189392.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.3046926540.90787840281.0882293853-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.8
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.50000.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60000.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70000.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.81.5707963268-11.28062484750.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.91.0949140771-0.58768943740.99266251810.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.927295218-0.40.8944271911-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.8143399421-0.24501655650.83667981511.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.7297276562-0.1055728090.80693594421.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.66287382370.02469507660.80038106351.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.60824557890.14891252930.81374132341.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.56253624450.2688577540.84396948521.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.52359877560.38564064610.88809836611.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.48995732630.50.94339811322.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.46055399170.61245154971.00752017382.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.43460552560.7233687941.07854643482.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.41151684610.8330302781.15496296223-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
Sheet3
p=0
p=0,2
p=0,4
p=0,6
p=0,8
Struja pobude (r.j.)
Struja statora (r.j.)
Mordejeve Krive Turbogeneratora
-
Mordejeve V-kriveZa razne aktivne snage, sa zasienjem.
Chart3
0.80.85503841861.01862463521.34163971541.5710215377
0.70.75473559060.91119982421.17803113711.2801835582
0.60.65610607950.81048149841.05238880341.1431136438
0.50.55948252130.71608629790.94534035281.038909972
0.40.4656718320.62868732910.85203094180.956110914
0.30.37639056850.55009999020.77130746230.8912557143
0.20.29541741060.48339351480.70396789390.8436951351
0.10.23129350040.43309876190.65176840560.8134398593
00.20056832530.40469693180.61679400390.8005507431
0.10.21765434230.40225703130.60090751440.8045533442
0.20.27361057310.42584442970.60475447090.8243120515
0.30.35020112750.4713072960.62738247730.8581131077
0.40.4366486120.53287671170.66644704040.9038862156
0.50.52810002270.60554393060.71892029770.9596392545
0.60.62232987480.68566775220.78197111811.0234770538
0.70.71822939840.77086451060.85300313751.0937953798
0.80.81519741030.85957185280.93016864041.1693119571
0.90.91288272570.95081709861.0118815484
11.01107152121.04384939881.0971076837
p=0
p=0,2
p=0,4
p=0,6
p=0,8
Struja pobude (%)
Struja statora (%)
Mordejeve Krive Hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0,5)
Sheet1
E0IpE0E0 trend
0000.05
0.10.10.10.1585
0.20.20.20.264
0.30.30.30.3665
0.40.40.40.466
0.50.50.50.5625
0.60.60.60.656
0.70.70.70.7465
0.80.80.80.834
0.90.90.90.9185
1111
1.11.21.11.154
1.21.41.21.296
1.31.61.31.426
1.41.81.41.544
1.521.51.65
1.62.31.61.7865
1.72.61.71.896
1.82.91.81.9785
1.93.21.92.034
23.522.0625
Sheet1
E0
Sheet2
E0
E0 trend
Sheet3
p0xd1xd+xq3
xq0.5xd-xq1
u1
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.20-0.80.80.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30-0.70.70.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40-0.60.60.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50-0.50.50.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60-0.40.40.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70-0.30.30.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80-0.20.20.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90-0.10.10.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10001-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.100.10.11.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.200.20.21.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.300.30.31.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.400.40.41.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.500.50.51.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.600.60.61.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.700.70.72.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.800.80.82.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.900.90.92.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20113-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.2
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.20.16949-0.83131864970.85503841860.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30.15592-0.727753950.75473559060.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.14443-0.62488013850.65610607950.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.13455-0.52251381960.55948252130.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.12596-0.42053567640.4656718320.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.11841-0.31885711540.37639056850.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.11173-0.21741997720.29541741060.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.10577-0.11617522680.23129350040.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.10042-0.01508817760.20056832531-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.095590.08586857810.21765434231.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.091210.18671568150.27361057311.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.087210.28747318080.35020112751.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.083550.38815204540.4366486121.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.0801890.48876337220.52810002271.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.077090.58931695470.62232987481.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.074220.6898213310.71822939842.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.0715540.79028274550.81519741032.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.0690770.89070470460.91288272572.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.0667650.99109314451.01107152123-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
prva iter
drez1izvod
0.16949-0.00000140973.02641718
0.15592-0.00000809233.1516726755
0.144430.00000117593.2715429573
0.134550.00000416343.3875125912
0.125960.00000821833.5005533749
0.11841-0.00000026893.6113652762
0.111730.00000060143.7204213598
0.10577-0.00000148293.8280965903
0.10042-0.00000243223.9346601971
0.09559-0.0000022954.0403203231
0.091210.00000527744.1452345833
0.08721-0.00000217324.2495415708
0.08355-0.00000431644.3533301721
0.0801890.00000031574.4566808486
0.077090.00000680584.5596614304
0.074220.00000592564.6623288265
0.071554-0.00000266484.7647265313
0.069077-0.0000005824.8668844683
0.066765-0.00000241044.9688384152
p0.4
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.20.35984-0.9368010181.01862463520.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30.32649-0.81870942320.91119982420.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.29956-0.70489733950.81048149840.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.27716-0.59395251160.71608629790.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.2581-0.48502346110.62868732910.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.2417-0.37763739120.55009999020.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.2274-0.27142087270.48339351480.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.2147-0.16605582670.43309876190.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.2035-0.06147850530.40469693181-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.19340.04255254670.40225703131.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.18430.14609407350.42584442971.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.1760.24926003940.4713072961.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.168450.35207611370.53287671171.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.16150.45462451740.60554393061.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.155150.5569023850.68566775221.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.14930.65896289260.77086451062.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.14390.76083097340.85957185282.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.13880.86258515810.95081709862.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.13410.9641688481.04384939883-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
prva iter
drez1izvod
0.35984-0.00000307282.44324071630.33898
0.32649-0.00000584852.66698260420.31184
0.29956-0.00000208822.85968311220.28886
0.27716-0.00000480683.03169390130.2691
0.2581-0.00006420853.1892291740.25192
0.2417-0.00005636863.33591198320.23682
0.2274-0.0000024953.4744513840.22346
0.2147-0.00008843283.60698344460.21154
0.20350.00002642793.73430279960.20084
0.19340.00002965483.85785485970.19118
0.18430.00006502963.97817580690.18242
0.1760.00000854294.09597263680.17442
0.16845-0.00000223644.21153597350.1671
0.1615-0.00009527484.32534313810.160378
0.15515-0.00008255984.43750740860.15418
0.1493-0.00004065134.54833609520.14844
0.14390.0000486944.65800760080.143108
0.1388-0.00010180414.76687496660.138154
0.1341-0.00010500024.87479247650.13353
p0.6
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.20.6435-1.19999880251.34163971540.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30.5465-1.0137836851.17803113710.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.4861-0.86459365811.05238880340.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.4415-0.73052609990.94534035280.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.4062-0.60494357240.85203094180.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.377-0.48468051480.77130746230.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.3523-0.36819939670.70396789390.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.3311-0.25456247660.65176840560.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.3125-0.14295049220.61679400391-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.2961-0.03301273790.60090751441.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.28140.07568335360.60475447091.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.268170.18332695620.62738247731.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.25620.29008905130.66644704041.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.24540.3960383750.71892029771.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.23540.50147664910.78197111811.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.22630.60631209170.85300313752.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.21780.71078386280.93016864042.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.210.81480320811.01188154842.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.202730.91850164381.09710768373-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
prva iter
drez1izvod
0.6435-0.00000048791.00000651970.50847
0.5465-0.00008475141.63577483740.46776
0.4861-0.00006382462.0441148820.43329
0.4415-0.0000285132.35656405980.40365
0.40620.00004278112.61445182680.37788
0.377-0.00002700532.83771065420.35523
0.3523-0.00008946883.03647736420.33519
0.33110.00000180573.21704118270.31731
0.3125-0.00001284893.38445730660.30126
0.29610.00006524433.54127394950.28677
0.28140.00001923933.69009452950.27363
0.26817-0.00004585193.83228863150.26163
0.2562-0.00009579543.9690149760.25065
0.24540.00008234234.1009285640.240567
0.2354-0.00002914634.22949088390.23127
0.22630.00008740144.3545949660.22266
0.2178-0.00007495614.47732644490.214662
0.21-0.00004596384.59752555890.207231
0.20273-0.00009090934.71580427210.200295
p0.8
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.2err000.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.3err000.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.89-1.35207569021.57102153770.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.67445-0.99943481171.28018355820.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.5944-0.81652238341.14311364380.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.5391-0.66282269871.0389099720.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.49657-0.52359152010.9561109140.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.46185-0.39285716020.89125571430.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.4327-0.26799530050.84369513511-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.4076-0.14725625540.81343985931.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.3857-0.02968993440.80055074311.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.36630.08547563150.80455334421.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.348950.19872181120.82431205151.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.33330.31041602030.85811310771.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.319180.42072590930.90388621561.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.306250.53000707440.95963925452.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.29440.63836140211.02347705382.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.28350.74591442741.09379537982.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.27340.8528132581.16931195713-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
prva iter
drez1izvod
err001.07952
err000.97947
0.89-0.0000729976-0.37127819420.89868
0.67445-0.00002515321.05076481350.83148
0.5944-0.00003178771.61541173450.7743
0.5391-0.00009131422.01946511090.7251
0.496570.00000246312.34156357590.6822
0.46185-0.00003660912.61432356620.6441
0.43270.00000081692.85284376380.6105
0.4076-0.00002081983.06705083110.5802
0.38570.00001917983.26264850820.5529
0.36630.00001477553.44407069290.528
0.34895-0.00001916223.61420520360.50535
0.3333-0.00009649833.77523722950.4845
0.319180.00000053193.92841110750.46545
0.30625-0.00001768284.07554029760.4479
0.2944-0.00001996344.21738068690.4317
0.28350.00001548244.35470462820.4164
0.2734-0.00000834114.48829514150.4023
Sheet3
p=0
p=0,2
p=0,4
p=0,6
p=0,8
Struja pobude (%)
Struja statora (%)
Mordejeve Krive Hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0,5)
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Rad na sopstvenu mreuObino je to relativno mali generator koji napaja malu mreu, koja nema mogunost prikljuka na veu mreu. Generator predstavlja jedini izvor i P i Q u mrei.Napon mree zavisi od pobude, a uestanost od brzine obrtanja generatora tj. pogonske maine. Frekvencija i napon mogu da fluktuiraju tokom rada, ponekad u znaajnoj meri.Pobuda, magnetski fluks u meugvou i napon na prikljucima maine su meusobno zavisne veliine.
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Rad na optu mreuMnogo ei sluaj je rad sinhronog generatora na optu (vrstu) mreu.Paralelnim povezivanjem generatora, elektrana i celih elektroenergetskih sistema dobijaju se mree veih snaga, na koje pojedini generatori/elektrane malo mogu da utiu. to je snaga mree vea, njen napon moemo smatrati stalnijim (vrim) u pogledu veliine, faznog pomeraja i uestanosti.Kod prikljuivanja generatora na optu mreu, mora se provesti poseban postupak, sinhronizacija.
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Sinhronizacija na optu mreuRedosled aktivnosti:kod prvog putanja u pogon proverava se redosled faza;priblino izjednaiti uestanost generatora i mree;generator pobuditi tako da napon generatora bude priblino jednak naponu mree;finom kontrolom brzine postii istofaznost istoimenih faza, tj. istofaznost napona na kontaktima sklopke;ukljuiti na mreu u trenutku kada je fazni pomeraj izmeu istoimenih napona maine i mree najmanji.
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Sinhronizacija na optu mreuZa manje snage sinhronizacija se moe vriti runo, pomou npr. voltmetra i sinhronizacionih sijalica. U toku postupka istovremeno se deluje na brzinu turbine i na struju pobude generatora.
Kod generatora veih snaga sinhronizacija se vri poluautomatski ili automatski.
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Karakteristike regulacijeZavisnost pobudne struje od struje indukta, pri raznim faktorima snage, tj.J p= f (I, cos) , uz U = const i n = const .Ova karakteristika je znaajna za automatsku regulaciju konstantnosti napona sinhronog generatora. Iz vektorskih dijagrama se vidi da induktivno optereenje jako smanjuje napon sinhronog generatora, jer reakcija indukta deluje u osi polova a suprotno od fluksa pobude.Dakle, da bi se zadrao zadani nominalni napon, mora se znaajno poveati pobudna struja.
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Karakteristike regulacije
Chart2
111
1.05494571011.00306051390.9500126962
1.11467914241.01221854860.9052118483
1.17909383451.02740597360.8658731283
1.24815311921.0485168520.8323057187
1.32189598591.0754177250.8048328304
1.40044479931.10796006940.7837668919
1.48401662081.14599361680.7693810665
1.57294037071.1893794890.7618806265
1.66768312791.23800252750.7613791143
1.76889092581.29178266240.767884288
1.87745345281.35068560110.7812971381
1.99461035961.41473349820.8014242151
2.1221351141.48401662080.828000356
2.26267653831.55870743740.8607169479
2.42046019751.63907915660.8992506889
0,8 ind
cos fi = 1
0,8 kap
Struja statora (r.j.)
Struja pobude (r.j.)
Karakteristika regulacije Turbogeneratora
kriva magnecenja
E0IpE0E0 trend
0000.05
0.10.10.10.1585
0.20.20.20.264
0.30.30.30.3665
0.40.40.40.466
0.50.50.50.5625
0.60.60.60.656
0.70.70.70.7465
0.80.80.80.834
0.90.90.90.9185
1111
1.11.21.11.154
1.21.41.21.296
1.31.61.31.426
1.41.81.41.544
1.521.51.65
1.62.31.61.7865
1.72.61.71.896
1.82.91.81.9785
1.93.21.92.034
23.522.0625
kriva magnecenja
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
E0
Mordej
00.05
0.10.1585
0.20.264
0.30.3665
0.40.466
0.50.5625
0.60.656
0.70.7465
0.80.834
0.90.9185
11
1.11.154
1.21.296
1.31.426
1.41.544
1.51.65
1.61.7865
1.71.896
1.81.9785
1.92.034
22.0625
E0
E0 trend
Regulacija
p0xs1
u1
p0
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.050-0.950.950-0.151.101.217.33333333330
0.10-0.90.90.0457398363-0.151.1-0.051.187.28759349710.0457398363
0.20-0.80.80.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30-0.70.70.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40-0.60.60.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50-0.50.50.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60-0.40.40.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70-0.30.30.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80-0.20.20.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90-0.10.10.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10001-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.100.10.11.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.200.20.21.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.300.30.31.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.400.40.41.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.500.50.51.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.600.60.61.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.700.70.72.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.800.80.82.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.900.90.92.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20113-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.2
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.21.5707963268-11.01980390270.1389982519-0.151.1-0.151.127.19433508140.1389982519
0.30.7297276562-0.77639320230.80173961140.234789953-0.151.1-0.251.067.09854338030.234789953
0.40.5235987756-0.65358983850.6835054330.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.4115168461-0.54174243050.57748148110.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.3398369095-0.43431457510.47815180650.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.2897517014-0.32917960680.38517426380.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.2526802551-0.22540333080.30134143680.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.2240930923-0.12250356130.23453597280.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.2013579208-0.02020410290.2010179241-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.1828351370.08166538260.21603063381.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.16744807920.18321595660.27123437611.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.15445959850.28452325790.34778367451.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.14334756890.38564064610.43441766531.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.13373158940.48660687470.52610479051.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.12532783120.58745078660.62056299171.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.1179201520.68819430160.7166668662.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.11134101430.7888543820.8138127772.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.10545852540.88944436280.9116530452.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.10016742120.98997487421.00997537183-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.4
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.41.5707963268-11.07703296140.3333333333-0.151.1-0.35170.3333333333
0.50.927295218-0.70.80622577480.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60.7297276562-0.55278640450.68232895950.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70.6082455789-0.42554373530.58402694350.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.5235987756-0.3071796770.50434051390.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.4605539917-0.19377422520.44446422840.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.4115168461-0.0834848610.40861928741-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.3721685340.02469507660.40076158351.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.33983690950.13137084990.42102054611.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.31276672190.23693168770.4649049631.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.28975170140.34164078650.52604032831.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.26993279580.44568322950.59886020161.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.25268025510.54919333850.67942131481.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.23752117080.65227116420.76515205782.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.22409309230.75499287750.85440871082.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.21211331050.85741756210.9461315322.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.20135792080.95959179421.03962320653-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.6
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.50000.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.61.5707963268-11.1661903790.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.71.0296968008-0.63944487250.8768635840.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.80.848062079-0.47084973780.76269225480.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.90.7297276562-0.32917960680.68436774730.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.6435011088-0.20.6324555321-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.5769313452-0.07804555430.60505463271.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.52359877560.03923048450.6012811581.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.47972863770.15325625950.61926366041.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.44291104410.26491106410.65587946441.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.41151684610.37477270850.70742814691.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.38439677450.48323969740.7704028851.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.36071272040.59059737210.84190572862.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.33983690950.69705627480.91972139822.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.32128858930.80277563771.00222189392.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.3046926540.90787840281.0882293853-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
p0.8
e0dqs,iipabcdiscrip1ip2
0.50000.4348800951-0.151.1-0.450.946.89845323830.4348800951
0.60000.5397228268-0.151.1-0.550.886.79361050650.5397228268
0.70000.648204954-0.151.1-0.650.826.68512837940.648204954
0.81.5707963268-11.28062484750.7607340376-0.151.1-0.750.766.57259929570.7607340376
0.91.0949140771-0.58768943740.99266251810.8777999116-0.151.1-0.850.76.45553342180.8777999116
10.927295218-0.40.8944271911-0.151.1-0.950.646.33333333331
1.10.8143399421-0.24501655650.83667981511.1280756314-0.151.1-1.050.586.2052577021.1280756314
1.20.7297276562-0.1055728090.80693594421.2629658164-0.151.1-1.150.526.0703675171.2629658164
1.30.66287382370.02469507660.80038106351.4058900056-0.151.1-1.250.465.92744332771.4058900056
1.40.60824557890.14891252930.81374132341.5584815599-0.151.1-1.350.45.77485177341.5584815599
1.50.56253624450.2688577540.84396948521.7230160351-0.151.1-1.450.345.61031729831.7230160351
1.60.52359877560.38564064610.88809836611.9028324593-0.151.1-1.550.285.4305008741.9028324593
1.70.48995732630.50.94339811322.1031947467-0.151.1-1.650.225.23013858662.1031947467
1.80.46055399170.61245154971.00752017382.3333333333-0.151.1-1.750.1652.3333333333
1.90.43460552560.7233687941.07854643482.6125741133-0.151.1-1.850.14.72075922012.6125741133
20.41151684610.8330302781.15496296223-0.151.1-1.950.044.33333333333
Regulacija
p=0
p=0,2
p=0,4
p=0,6
p=0,8
Struja pobude (r.j.)
Struja statora (r.j.)
Mordejeve Krive Turbogeneratora
Regulacijaxs0.7
cosfi 0.8cosfi 1cosfi 1
iRe{E0}Im{E0}E0abcdiscrip2cdiscrip2cdiscrip2
r.j.cosfi 0.8cosfi 1cosfi 0.8cosfi 0.8cosfi 1cosfi 0.8cosfi 0.8cosfi 1cosfi 0.8
0111000111-0.151.1-0.950.641-0.950.641-0.950.641
0.11.04210.9580.0560.070.0561.04350371351.00244700610.9596353474-0.151.1-0.99350371350.61389777191.0549457101-0.95244700610.63853179641.0030605139-0.90963534740.66421879160.9500126962
0.21.08410.9160.1120.140.1121.08977061811.00975244490.9228217596-0.151.1-1.03977061810.58613762921.1146791424-0.95975244490.63414853311.0122185486-0.87282175960.68630694420.9052118483
0.31.12610.8740.1680.210.1681.13846387731.02181211580.89-0.151.1-1.08846387730.55692167361.1790938345-0.97181211580.62691273051.0274059736-0.840.7060.8658731283
0.41.16810.8320.2240.280.2241.18928549981.03846039890.8616263691-0.151.1-1.13928549980.52642870011.2481531192-0.98846039890.61692376071.048516852-0.81162636910.72302417850.8323057187
0.51.2110.790.280.350.281.24197423481.0594810050.8381527307-0.151.1-1.19197423480.49481545911.3218959859-1.0094810050.6043113971.075417725-0.78815273070.73710836160.8048328304
0.61.25210.7480.3360.420.3361.29630243381.0846197490.82-0.151.1-1.24630243380.46221853971.4004447993-1.0346197490.58922815061.1079600694-0.770.7480.7837668919
0.71.29410.7060.3920.490.3921.35207248331.1135977730.8075270893-0.151.1-1.30207248330.428756511.4840166208-1.0635977730.57184133621.1459936168-0.75752708930.75548374640.7693810665
0.81.33610.6640.4480.560.4481.40911319631.14612390260.8009993758-0.151.1-1.35911319630.39453208221.5729403707-1.09612390260.55232565851.189379489-0.75099937580.75940037450.7618806265
0.91.37810.6220.5040.630.5041.46727638841.18190524150.8005623024-0.151.1-1.41727638840.3596341671.6676831279-1.13190524150.53085685511.2380025275-0.75056230240.75966261860.7613791143
11.4210.580.560.70.561.52643375221.22065556160.8062257748-0.151.1-1.47643375220.32413974871.7688909258-1.17065556160.50760666311.2917826624-0.75622577480.75626453510.767884288
1.11.46210.5380.6160.770.6161.58647407791.26210142220.8178630692-0.151.1-1.53647407790.28811555321.8774534528-1.21210142220.48273914671.3506856011-0.76786306920.74928215850.7812971381
1.21.50410.4960.6720.840.6721.64730082261.30598621740.8352245207-0.151.1-1.59730082260.25161950651.9946103596-1.25598621740.45640826961.4147334982-0.78522452070.73886528760.8014242151
1.31.54610.4540.7280.910.7281.70883000911.35207248330.8579627032-0.151.1-1.65883000910.21470199452.122135114-1.30207248330.428756511.4840166208-0.80796270320.72522237810.828000356
1.41.58810.4120.7840.980.7841.77098842461.40014284990.885663593-0.151.1-1.72098842460.17740694532.2626765383-1.35014284990.39991429011.5587074374-0.8356635930.70860184420.8607169479
1.51.6310.370.841.050.841.83371208211.450.9178779875-0.151.1-1.78371208210.13977275072.4204601975-1.40.371.6390791566-0.86787798750.68927320750.8992506889
0,8 ind
cos fi = 1
0,8 kap
Struja statora (r.j.)
Struja pobude (r.j.)
Karakteristika regulacije Turbogeneratora
-
Regulacija aktivne snageAktivna snaga P sinhronizovanog generatora moe se menjati samo promenom momenta pogonskog sredstva, npr. dovodom pare parnoj turbini. Na tek sinhronizovanom generatoru, optereenje bi dovelo do podpobudjenog reima, to bi napreglo mreu.Zato se prvo povea pobuda pa onda poveava aktivno optereenje.Ako su promene nagle, dolazie do naglih prelaznih pojava i moguih udarnih struja u svim namotajima.
-
Elektromehanike pojaveSinhrona maina prikljuena na mreu ima osobine oscilujueg dinamikog sistema. Kod parnih i vodnih turbina, koje su danas najee u upotrebi, obrtni moment je stalan te se kod njih javljaju samo slobodna ili sopstvena njihanja. Kod dizel generatora i kod motora koji pogone klipne kompresore, koji rade u impulsima, javljaju se i prisilne oscilacije.Treba odrediti frekvencije sistema da bi se prouila stabilnost maine.
-
Elektromehanike pojaveZa npr. mehaniki poremeaj, snaga e da osciluje oko radne take, tj ugao optereenja d e da osciluje.
Chart1
000
0.10460018790.11768417690.130768166
0.20848430870.23461642450.2607485403
0.31094296220.35005157850.3891601947
0.41128001240.46325793510.5152358578
0.50881904510.57352380640.6382285677
0.60290962050.68016386910.7574181177
0.69293325270.78252524010.8721172275
0.77830905580.87999321660.9816773774
0.85849899690.97199662191.0854942468
0.93301270191.05801270191.1830127019
1.00141176381.13757152261.2737312813
1.06331351041.21025982351.3572061366
1.11839419141.27572428921.4330543869
1.1663915541.33367420561.5009568572
1.20710678121.38388347651.5606601718
1.24040577321.42619197951.6119781859
1.26621976181.46050625221.6547927426
1.28454525251.48679950111.6890537497
1.29544329681.50511093881.7147785807
1.29903810571.51554445661.7320508076
1.29551502141.51826665241.7410182835
1.28511787041.51350423481.7418905992
1.26814572971.50154083631.7349359429
1.24494914241.48271327151.7204774006
1.21592582631.45740728291.6988887394
1.18151592231.42605282251.6705897226
1.14219683781.38911892291.6360410081
1.09847774081.34710821461.5957386885
1.05089376641.30055115011.5502085338
11.251.5
0.94636530311.19602268681.4456800705
0.890566051.13919652381.3878269976
0.83317984341.08010192861.3270240137
0.77477927921.01931617941.2638530796
0.71592582630.95740728291.1988887394
0.65716389010.89492801921.1326921483
0.59901512330.83241022991.0658053366
0.54197304490.77035940930.9987457737
0.4864980270.7092496580.9320012891
0.43301270190.64951905280.8660254038
0.38189783910.59156548110.8012331231
0.33348873620.53574298480.7379972334
0.28807216110.48235865150.6766451418
0.24588387780.43167008420.6174562905
0.20710678120.38388347650.5606601718
0.17186965870.33915231030.5064349619
0.14024659070.29757668840.4549067862
0.11225699410.25920330720.4061496203
0.08786630620.22402606490.3601858237
0.06698729810.19198729810.3169872981
0.04948200260.16297962750.2764772524
0.03516423030.13684839110.2385325519
0.02380264640.11339463380.2029866211
0.01512436820.09237861680.1696328654
0.00881904510.07352380640.1382285677
0.00454336930.0565212920.1084992147
0.00192596790.04103458410.0801432004
0.00057261790.02670473370.0528368495
0.00007172460.01315571370.0262397027
000
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
P i Q od delta
pobudaXdEoEoEoEoEoEoEo
1111.251.5011.251.5
Xq
0.5
ugaougaoPPPPQQQ
00000000.250.5
30.05235987760.10460018790.11768417690.1307681660.0522642316-0.00410951760.24554786610.4952052498
60.10471975510.20848430870.23461642450.26074854030.1039558454-0.01640430430.23222616960.4808566434
90.15707963270.31094296220.35005157850.38916019470.1545084972-0.03678340130.21013868390.457060769
120.20943951020.41128001240.46325793510.51523585780.2033683215-0.06507967040.17945722970.4239941299
150.26179938780.50881904510.57352380640.63822856770.25-0.10106147180.14041998480.3819014413
180.31415926540.60290962050.68016386910.75741811770.2938926261-0.14443498650.09332914260.3310932716
210.36651914290.69293325270.78252524010.87211722750.3345653032-0.19484716080.03854794590.2719430525
240.41887902050.77830905580.87999321660.98167737740.3715724127-0.2518892392-0.02350287480.2048834896
270.4712388980.85849899690.97199662191.08549424680.4045084972-0.3151008497-0.09234921860.1304024124
300.52359877560.93301270191.05801270191.18301270190.4330127019-0.3839745962-0.16746824530.0490381057
330.57595865321.00141176381.13757152261.27373128130.4567727288-0.4579611105-0.2482934685-0.0386258265
360.62831853071.06331351041.21025982351.35720613660.4755282581-0.5364745084-0.3342202598-0.1319660113
390.68067840831.11839419141.27572428921.43305438690.4890738004-0.6188981931-0.4246117028-0.2303252124
420.73303828581.1663915541.33367420561.50095685720.4972609477-0.7045909429-0.5188047365-0.3330185302
450.78539816341.20710678121.38388347651.56066017180.5-0.7928932188-0.6161165235-0.4393398282
480.8377580411.24040577321.42619197951.61197818590.4972609477-0.8831336253-0.7158509737-0.5485683221
510.89011791851.26621976181.46050625221.65479274260.4890738004-0.9746354544-0.8173053566-0.6599752588
540.94247779611.28454525251.48679950111.68905374970.4755282581-1.0667232449-0.9197769318-0.7728306187
570.99483767361.29544329681.50511093881.71477858070.4567727288-1.1587292865-1.0225695278-0.886409769
601.04719755121.29903810571.51554445661.73205080760.4330127019-1.25-1.125-1
631.09955742881.29551502141.51826665241.74101828350.4045084972-1.3399021264-1.2264045015-1.1129068765
661.15191730631.28511787041.51350423481.74189059920.3715724127-1.4278286601-1.3261444993-1.2244603386
691.20427718391.26814572971.50154083631.73493594290.3345653032-1.5132044632-1.4236124758-1.3340204884
721.25663706141.24494914241.48271327151.72047740060.2938926261-1.5954915028-1.5182372542-1.4409830056
751.3089969391.21592582631.45740728291.69888873940.25-1.6741936568-1.6094888955-1.5447841342
781.36135681661.18151592231.42605282251.67058972260.2033683215-1.748861038-1.6968831153-1.6449051926
811.41371669411.14219683781.38911892291.63604100810.1545084972-1.8190937931-1.7799851768-1.7408765606
841.46607657171.09847774081.34710821461.59573868850.1039558454-1.8845453371-1.8584132213-1.8322811055
871.51843644921.05089376641.30055115011.55020853380.0522642316-1.9449249914-1.9318410024-1.9187570133
901.570796326811.251.50-2-2-2
931.62315620440.94636530311.19602268681.4456800705-0.0522642316-2.0495969039-2.062680893-2.075764882
961.67551608190.890566051.13919652381.3878269976-0.1039558454-2.0936022636-2.1197343795-2.1458664953
991.72787595950.83317984341.08010192861.3270240137-0.1545084972-2.1319627232-2.1710713394-2.2101799557
1021.7802358370.77477927921.01931617941.2638530796-0.2033683215-2.1646844196-2.2166623423-2.268640265
1051.83259571460.71592582630.95740728291.1988887394-0.25-2.191831747-2.2565365083-2.3212412695
1081.88495559220.65716389010.89492801921.1326921483-0.2938926261-2.2135254916-2.2907797402-2.3680339887
1111.93731546970.59901512330.83241022991.0658053366-0.3345653032-2.2299403623-2.3195323497-2.4091243371
1141.98967534730.54197304490.77035940930.9987457737-0.3715724127-2.2413019463-2.342986107-2.4446702678
1172.04203522480.4864980270.7092496580.9320012891-0.4045084972-2.2478831259-2.3613807508-2.4748783758
1202.09439510240.43301270190.64951905280.8660254038-0.4330127019-2.25-2.375-2.5
1232.146754980.38189783910.59156548110.8012331231-0.4567727288-2.2480073566-2.3841671153-2.5203268741
1262.19911485750.33348873620.53574298480.7379972334-0.4755282581-2.2422937495-2.3892400626-2.5361863756
1292.25147473510.28807216110.48235865150.6766451418-0.4890738004-2.2332762365-2.3906063342-2.547936432
1322.30383461260.24588387780.43167008420.6174562905-0.4972609477-2.221394838-2.3886774896-2.5559601412
1352.35619449020.20710678120.38388347650.5606601718-0.5-2.2071067812-2.3838834765-2.5606601718
1382.40855436780.17186965870.33915231030.5064349619-0.4972609477-2.1908805938-2.3766668002-2.5624530066
1412.46091424530.14024659070.29757668840.4549067862-0.4890738004-2.173190116-2.3674766064-2.5617630968
1442.51327412290.11225699410.25920330720.4061496203-0.4755282581-2.1545084972-2.3567627458-2.5590169944
1472.56563400040.08786630620.22402606490.3601858237-0.4567727288-2.1353022464-2.3449698884-2.5546375304
1502.6179938780.06698729810.19198729810.3169872981-0.4330127019-2.1160254038-2.3325317547-2.5490381057
1532.67035375560.04948200260.16297962750.2764772524-0.4045084972-2.097113898-2.3198655291-2.5426171601
1562.72271363310.03516423030.13684839110.2385325519-0.3715724127-2.0789801545-2.3073665189-2.5357528833
1592.77507351070.02380264640.11339463380.2029866211-0.3345653032-2.0620080138-2.2954031204-2.528798227
1622.82743338820.01512436820.09237861680.1696328654-0.2938926261-2.0465480191-2.2843121482-2.5220762773
1652.87979326580.00881904510.07352380640.1382285677-0.25-2.0329131244-2.274394581-2.5158760375
1682.93215314340.00454336930.0565212920.1084992147-0.2033683215-2.0213748719-2.2659117721-2.5104486723
1712.98451302090.00192596790.04103458410.0801432004-0.1545084972-2.0121600824-2.2590821676-2.5060042527
1743.03687289850.00057261790.02670473370.0528368495-0.1039558454-2.005448095-2.2540785688-2.5027090427
1773.0892327760.00007172460.01315571370.0262397027-0.0522642316-2.0013685871-2.2510259708-2.5006833544
1803.1415926536000-0-2-2.25-2.5
P i Q od delta
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Eo = 0
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
Sheet2
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
Q (r.j.)
Reaktivna snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet3
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
-
Elektromehanike pojavePromena optereenja (iz RT1 u taku RT2) ili promena pobude (u RT3), trajektorije su razliiti tranzijenti. Shematski prikazano na sledeoj slici.RT1RT2RT3
Chart1
000
0.10460018790.11768417690.130768166
0.20848430870.23461642450.2607485403
0.31094296220.35005157850.3891601947
0.41128001240.46325793510.5152358578
0.50881904510.57352380640.6382285677
0.60290962050.68016386910.7574181177
0.69293325270.78252524010.8721172275
0.77830905580.87999321660.9816773774
0.85849899690.97199662191.0854942468
0.93301270191.05801270191.1830127019
1.00141176381.13757152261.2737312813
1.06331351041.21025982351.3572061366
1.11839419141.27572428921.4330543869
1.1663915541.33367420561.5009568572
1.20710678121.38388347651.5606601718
1.24040577321.42619197951.6119781859
1.26621976181.46050625221.6547927426
1.28454525251.48679950111.6890537497
1.29544329681.50511093881.7147785807
1.29903810571.51554445661.7320508076
1.29551502141.51826665241.7410182835
1.28511787041.51350423481.7418905992
1.26814572971.50154083631.7349359429
1.24494914241.48271327151.7204774006
1.21592582631.45740728291.6988887394
1.18151592231.42605282251.6705897226
1.14219683781.38911892291.6360410081
1.09847774081.34710821461.5957386885
1.05089376641.30055115011.5502085338
11.251.5
0.94636530311.19602268681.4456800705
0.890566051.13919652381.3878269976
0.83317984341.08010192861.3270240137
0.77477927921.01931617941.2638530796
0.71592582630.95740728291.1988887394
0.65716389010.89492801921.1326921483
0.59901512330.83241022991.0658053366
0.54197304490.77035940930.9987457737
0.4864980270.7092496580.9320012891
0.43301270190.64951905280.8660254038
0.38189783910.59156548110.8012331231
0.33348873620.53574298480.7379972334
0.28807216110.48235865150.6766451418
0.24588387780.43167008420.6174562905
0.20710678120.38388347650.5606601718
0.17186965870.33915231030.5064349619
0.14024659070.29757668840.4549067862
0.11225699410.25920330720.4061496203
0.08786630620.22402606490.3601858237
0.06698729810.19198729810.3169872981
0.04948200260.16297962750.2764772524
0.03516423030.13684839110.2385325519
0.02380264640.11339463380.2029866211
0.01512436820.09237861680.1696328654
0.00881904510.07352380640.1382285677
0.00454336930.0565212920.1084992147
0.00192596790.04103458410.0801432004
0.00057261790.02670473370.0528368495
0.00007172460.01315571370.0262397027
000
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
P i Q od delta
pobudaXdEoEoEoEoEoEoEo
1111.251.5011.251.5
Xq
0.5
ugaougaoPPPPQQQ
00000000.250.5
30.05235987760.10460018790.11768417690.1307681660.0522642316-0.00410951760.24554786610.4952052498
60.10471975510.20848430870.23461642450.26074854030.1039558454-0.01640430430.23222616960.4808566434
90.15707963270.31094296220.35005157850.38916019470.1545084972-0.03678340130.21013868390.457060769
120.20943951020.41128001240.46325793510.51523585780.2033683215-0.06507967040.17945722970.4239941299
150.26179938780.50881904510.57352380640.63822856770.25-0.10106147180.14041998480.3819014413
180.31415926540.60290962050.68016386910.75741811770.2938926261-0.14443498650.09332914260.3310932716
210.36651914290.69293325270.78252524010.87211722750.3345653032-0.19484716080.03854794590.2719430525
240.41887902050.77830905580.87999321660.98167737740.3715724127-0.2518892392-0.02350287480.2048834896
270.4712388980.85849899690.97199662191.08549424680.4045084972-0.3151008497-0.09234921860.1304024124
300.52359877560.93301270191.05801270191.18301270190.4330127019-0.3839745962-0.16746824530.0490381057
330.57595865321.00141176381.13757152261.27373128130.4567727288-0.4579611105-0.2482934685-0.0386258265
360.62831853071.06331351041.21025982351.35720613660.4755282581-0.5364745084-0.3342202598-0.1319660113
390.68067840831.11839419141.27572428921.43305438690.4890738004-0.6188981931-0.4246117028-0.2303252124
420.73303828581.1663915541.33367420561.50095685720.4972609477-0.7045909429-0.5188047365-0.3330185302
450.78539816341.20710678121.38388347651.56066017180.5-0.7928932188-0.6161165235-0.4393398282
480.8377580411.24040577321.42619197951.61197818590.4972609477-0.8831336253-0.7158509737-0.5485683221
510.89011791851.26621976181.46050625221.65479274260.4890738004-0.9746354544-0.8173053566-0.6599752588
540.94247779611.28454525251.48679950111.68905374970.4755282581-1.0667232449-0.9197769318-0.7728306187
570.99483767361.29544329681.50511093881.71477858070.4567727288-1.1587292865-1.0225695278-0.886409769
601.04719755121.29903810571.51554445661.73205080760.4330127019-1.25-1.125-1
631.09955742881.29551502141.51826665241.74101828350.4045084972-1.3399021264-1.2264045015-1.1129068765
661.15191730631.28511787041.51350423481.74189059920.3715724127-1.4278286601-1.3261444993-1.2244603386
691.20427718391.26814572971.50154083631.73493594290.3345653032-1.5132044632-1.4236124758-1.3340204884
721.25663706141.24494914241.48271327151.72047740060.2938926261-1.5954915028-1.5182372542-1.4409830056
751.3089969391.21592582631.45740728291.69888873940.25-1.6741936568-1.6094888955-1.5447841342
781.36135681661.18151592231.42605282251.67058972260.2033683215-1.748861038-1.6968831153-1.6449051926
811.41371669411.14219683781.38911892291.63604100810.1545084972-1.8190937931-1.7799851768-1.7408765606
841.46607657171.09847774081.34710821461.59573868850.1039558454-1.8845453371-1.8584132213-1.8322811055
871.51843644921.05089376641.30055115011.55020853380.0522642316-1.9449249914-1.9318410024-1.9187570133
901.570796326811.251.50-2-2-2
931.62315620440.94636530311.19602268681.4456800705-0.0522642316-2.0495969039-2.062680893-2.075764882
961.67551608190.890566051.13919652381.3878269976-0.1039558454-2.0936022636-2.1197343795-2.1458664953
991.72787595950.83317984341.08010192861.3270240137-0.1545084972-2.1319627232-2.1710713394-2.2101799557
1021.7802358370.77477927921.01931617941.2638530796-0.2033683215-2.1646844196-2.2166623423-2.268640265
1051.83259571460.71592582630.95740728291.1988887394-0.25-2.191831747-2.2565365083-2.3212412695
1081.88495559220.65716389010.89492801921.1326921483-0.2938926261-2.2135254916-2.2907797402-2.3680339887
1111.93731546970.59901512330.83241022991.0658053366-0.3345653032-2.2299403623-2.3195323497-2.4091243371
1141.98967534730.54197304490.77035940930.9987457737-0.3715724127-2.2413019463-2.342986107-2.4446702678
1172.04203522480.4864980270.7092496580.9320012891-0.4045084972-2.2478831259-2.3613807508-2.4748783758
1202.09439510240.43301270190.64951905280.8660254038-0.4330127019-2.25-2.375-2.5
1232.146754980.38189783910.59156548110.8012331231-0.4567727288-2.2480073566-2.3841671153-2.5203268741
1262.19911485750.33348873620.53574298480.7379972334-0.4755282581-2.2422937495-2.3892400626-2.5361863756
1292.25147473510.28807216110.48235865150.6766451418-0.4890738004-2.2332762365-2.3906063342-2.547936432
1322.30383461260.24588387780.43167008420.6174562905-0.4972609477-2.221394838-2.3886774896-2.5559601412
1352.35619449020.20710678120.38388347650.5606601718-0.5-2.2071067812-2.3838834765-2.5606601718
1382.40855436780.17186965870.33915231030.5064349619-0.4972609477-2.1908805938-2.3766668002-2.5624530066
1412.46091424530.14024659070.29757668840.4549067862-0.4890738004-2.173190116-2.3674766064-2.5617630968
1442.51327412290.11225699410.25920330720.4061496203-0.4755282581-2.1545084972-2.3567627458-2.5590169944
1472.56563400040.08786630620.22402606490.3601858237-0.4567727288-2.1353022464-2.3449698884-2.5546375304
1502.6179938780.06698729810.19198729810.3169872981-0.4330127019-2.1160254038-2.3325317547-2.5490381057
1532.67035375560.04948200260.16297962750.2764772524-0.4045084972-2.097113898-2.3198655291-2.5426171601
1562.72271363310.03516423030.13684839110.2385325519-0.3715724127-2.0789801545-2.3073665189-2.5357528833
1592.77507351070.02380264640.11339463380.2029866211-0.3345653032-2.0620080138-2.2954031204-2.528798227
1622.82743338820.01512436820.09237861680.1696328654-0.2938926261-2.0465480191-2.2843121482-2.5220762773
1652.87979326580.00881904510.07352380640.1382285677-0.25-2.0329131244-2.274394581-2.5158760375
1682.93215314340.00454336930.0565212920.1084992147-0.2033683215-2.0213748719-2.2659117721-2.5104486723
1712.98451302090.00192596790.04103458410.0801432004-0.1545084972-2.0121600824-2.2590821676-2.5060042527
1743.03687289850.00057261790.02670473370.0528368495-0.1039558454-2.005448095-2.2540785688-2.5027090427
1773.0892327760.00007172460.01315571370.0262397027-0.0522642316-2.0013685871-2.2510259708-2.5006833544
1803.1415926536000-0-2-2.25-2.5
P i Q od delta
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Eo = 0
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
Sheet2
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
Q (r.j.)
Reaktivna snaga hidrogeneratora
Sheet3
Eo = 1
Eo = 1.25
Eo = 1.5
Ugao opterecenja
P (r.j.)
Snaga hidrogeneratora (Xd=1,Xq=0.5)
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Elektromehanike pojaveZa male poremeaje i male oscilacije, uzima se nagib krive optereenja, tzv. Sinhronizaciona snaga:Ako se podeli sa brzinom, dobija se sinhronizacioni koeficijent. Ovo je mera stabilnosti za koliko e se promeniti ugao optereenja ako dodje do promene snage tj. momenta na vratilu.Smanjuje se sa poveanjem ugla d.
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Elektromehanike pojavePri elektromehanikim oscilacijama rotora sinhrone maine u prigunom namotaju se indukuju naponi, pa u njemu teku struje koje stvaraju moment koji se protivi njihanju. Taj moment se naziva prigunim momentom. Pri malim odstupanjima od sinhrone brzine, priguni moment je proporcionalan brzini promene ugla optereenja (klizanju) :
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Kratak spojKratak spoj generatora je najintenzivniji prelazni proces.Kratak spoj je nagla promena iz normalnog radnog stanja sa ustaljenim vrednostima P, Q, d i fluksa u zazoru u novo radno stanje sa P=Q=0, ali sa promenom fluksa u zazoru sa nominalnog nivoa na skoro nulti nivo. Nastaju znaajne udarne struje u svim namotajima.Pristup analizi je preko podele na periode prelaznog procesa:Subtranzijentni (udarni) period,Tranzijentni (prelazni) period,Ustaljeni period.
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Subtranzijentni period kratkog spojaUestvuju svi namotaji.Amortizacioni namot je dominantan po amplitudi i ima najmanju vremensku konstantu.U prvom trenutku se indukuje znaajna struja jer je amortizacioni namot kratko spojen, a fluks kroz njega tei da se brzo smanji.
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Subtranzijentni period kratkog spojaGledano sa statora, subtranzijentne reaktanse su :xqs
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Induktivnosti kratkog spojax d - rasipna reaktansa statorskog namotaja (po d-osi),x f - rasipna reaktansa pobudnog rotorskog namotaja,x m - reaktansa magnetne sprege (meuinduktivnost) statora i pobudnog rotorskog namotaja,x a - rasipna reaktansa amortizacionog (prigunog namotaja), po d-osi.
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Tranzijentni period kratkog spojaGledano sa statora, tranzijentna reaktanse xd i xq su :
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Struja kratkog spojaPristup br 1:Kombinacija struja u raznim periodima daje ukupnu struju.Pristup broj 2:Reaktansa u kolu se menja tokom subtranzijentnog i tranzijentnog dela perioda
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Struja kratkog spojaDodatno, prelazne struje imaju i jednosmernu komponentu, ija amplituda zavisi od nivoa magnetnog fluksa u datoj fazi u trenutku nastanka kratkog spoja.Takodje, komponenta dvostruke frekvencije je mogua.Obe opadaju po aperiodinoj vremenskoj konstanti.
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Tipini podaciZavisno od vrste rotora maine, kreu se u opsezima:
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Struja faze a (q je malo)
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Struja faze b (q je oko 120)
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Struja faze c (q je oko -120)
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Struja pobude (svedena)
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Udarna struja kratkog spojaUkoliko se u jednoj fazi zatekne maksimalan fluks, ima se najvia mogua udarna struja. Teoretski bi udarna struja bila 2 puta via od subtranzijentne struje, ali amplituda subtranzijentne i aperiodine opadnu.Za tipine vrednosti od Td = 0,06 s i Ta = 0,2 s ima seStoga se obino uzima