Electrolytes
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Transcript of Electrolytes
Electrolytes
Electrolytes
Are substances that form positive(+) and
negative (-) ions in water
Conduct an electric current
Electrolytes in the Body
Carry messages send to and from the brain
as electrical signals
Maintain cellular function with the correct
concentrations electrolytes
Strong Electrolytes are 100% ionized
salts H2O 100%ions
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H2O
CaBr2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq)
acids H2O
HCl(g) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Weak electrolytes
Most of the solute exists as molecules in solution
Only a few solute particles produce ions
HF + H2O H3O+(aq) + F- (aq)
acid
NH3 + H2O NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)
base
Classification of electrolytes
1.1. AcidsAcids Binary acids
Ternary acids (oxyacids)
Thioacids
Monoprotic acids
Polyprotic acids
Strong acids
Weak acids
2.2. BasesBases Monovalent
Polyvalent
Strong
Weak
Basic oxides – base anhydrides
Oxides of metals
3.3. SaltsSalts Strong electrolytes!!!
Important Facts
HCl, HNO3 – strong acids
100% dissociation (no equilibrium, no K) HCl H+ + Cl–
0%HCl, 100% H+, 100% Cl–
H+ is a proton, a subatomic particle and does not exist alone in solution
Really H+ + H2O H3O+ (hydronium ion)
HNO3 + H2O NO3– + H3O+
Strong electrolytes weak electrolytes
conc. of ionic form
total concentration =
≤1
Degree of dissociation:
Strong electrolyte: 1
Weak electrolyte: < 0.5
_ +
H
H
H+H
H HH
H H
OO O
O
Cl-
+_
Conductivity of electrolytes
+Na+OH- H O H
H
O
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
Conductivity = 1 ( = resistance)
1 cm
1 cm
V = 1 cm3
= specific conductivity
cc.
NaCl
NH4Cl
H2SO4
Equivalent conductivity:
Conductivity of equivalent amount of electrolyte
= V
V = equivalent dilution in cm3
inf =
v
v = inf =
cc. ( )
400
300
200
100
10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5
Strong acid
Weak acid Weak base
Strong base
Salt