[Electric auto at re-charging station] c1919 Aug. 25.

Plug-in Hybrid Presentation Toyota Technical Center

March 14th, 2012

PEV COLLABORATIVE MEMBER MEETING

Agenda

PHEV: Introduction

PHEV: Small Battery Approach

PHEV: Maximizing Benefits

PHEV: Infrastructure

HEV

PHEV

FCHV

Passenger cars Route buses

Short-distance vehicles

EV

Winglet

Vehi

cle

size

Delivery trucks

Heavy-duty trucks

Small delivery vehicles

Motorcycles

FCHVs

EVs

HEVs & PHEVs with I.C.E.

Driving Distance

Hydrocarbon Electricity Energy sources

Hydrogen

i-REAL

FCHV(BUS)

Intro: Vision of Future Market

EVs Short-distance vehicles; HEVs & PHEVs with ICE Wide-use vehicles; FCHVs Wide-use including heavy-duty vehicles.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Intro: Advanced Technology Portfolio

Hybrid Vehicle (HEV)

Fuel Cell (2011)

[ RAV4-EV ]

[FCV-R]

[ Prius ]

[ FT-EV ]

[ Prius PHEV ]

Intro: Beginnings

Objective: Incorporate the advantages of electrification into the highly efficient hybrid platform.

PHEVs ultimate goal is to gain customer acceptance of vehicle electrification technology.

Electrification, as a transportation fuel, offers: ü Reliably abundant supply Low cost Existing infrastructure

Objective: Utilize existing HEV platform

7

2 Main Modifications Adding a high power Lithium-

Ion Battery to provide 11 mile AER

On board installation of a

120V/240V Charger

Base HVBase HV

Engine

Motor

Battery NiNi--MHMH

AC AC SynchroSynchro. . + Boost Converter+ Boost Converter+ Reduction Gear+ Reduction Gear

1.8L1.8L 73kW73kW

60kW60kW

Atkinson & Atkinson & Cooled EGRCooled EGR

PHVPHV

←←

←←

LithiumLithium--ionion1.3kWh1.3kWh 5.2kWh5.2kWh

Intro: Beginnings

[Use HEV Components] +

[Add Li-Ion Battery] =

Allows high volume platform with modest cost investment

Small Battery Approach: Size Matters

VS

L  Large battery packs are more $$$,

L  Large battery packs are heavier,

L  Complicates packaging, compromises vehicle design,

L  Large packs have lower utilization factors.

L  Large packs require greater charging infrastructure requirements.

Small Battery

PHEVs - cost

effective.

Large battery packs enable longer EV range.

Small Battery Approach: Technology Comparison

Small Battery Approach: Technology Comparison

Small battery PHEVs can provide:

Coverage of all daily driving trips

Match BEV in gas savings

A significantly less costly platform

11 mi 35 mi 73 mi

58%

Maximizing Benefits

Small battery PHEV benefits of:

ü  improved fuel efficiency, ü  GHG reductions,

ü  fuel cost savings,

become greater when the charging frequency increases.

Frequent Charging

Increased EV

Driving

Maximizing Benefits

Maximizing Benefits: Field data

Field data characterizing charge frequency

Number of Daily Charges & Fuel Efficiency

Fuel

Effi

cien

cy [

L/10

0km

]

Dai

ly C

harg

e, T

imes

per

Day

Ordered by number of daily charges

Profiled user, based on charging frequency:

User A: Twice / day User B: Once / day User C: Once in 5 days

Reduction in Gasoline Usage

Baseline gasoline vehicle

C B A

R

atio

of f

uel c

onsu

mpt

ion

[%]

� Fuel saved, compared to gasoline vehicle

Maximizing Benefits: Field Data

Analysis showing maximum potential reduction in fuel consumption:

80%

Trip Length, km.

Ratio of fuel consumption, per trip segment

EV Operation

HEV Operation

Assumes fully charged @ each trip Summing up the results…

Maximizing Benefits

Increased charging enhances EV operation and maximizes fuel efficiency during short trip operation.

ð  PHEVs provide an efficient platform and the opportunity to recharge more often proportionally improves this efficiency.

To recharge more often, efforts are needed to improve the convenience of charging on both the vehicle and infrastructure side.

Infrastructure:

Vehicle Side:

ð Wireless charging, vehicle efficiency and EV range improvements.

Infrastructure: ð  Recognize recharging differences of PHEVs vs. BEVs.

ð  PHEVs have low power charging requirements

Small Battery Large Battery

ü  Less time to charge ü  Frequent charging desirable ü  Charge not critical

ü  Long charge times ü  Charging needs plan/schedule ü  Critical for vehicle operation

Public infrastructure should support PHEVs: à Accessible and available so PHEV users can recharge often.

R&D efforts to enhance the customer’s recharge experience.

Infrastructure: Vehicle Technology

Park and charge: Pads transmit power wirelessly from garage floor to the bottom of a car.

Witricity

BATTERY: R & D of next-generation secondary batteries with performance that greatly exceeds Lithium-ion batteries.

Magnetic Resonance Inductive

Coupling

•  PHEVs have the best potential for gaining mass market acceptance due to their ability to cover all customers driving.

•  Smaller battery PHEVs offer the more cost effective solution.

•  Frequent charging results in optimizing the fuel efficiency and GHG reduction of the PHEV.

•  To achieve successful commercialization, vehicle recharging must be accessible and convenient for all customers.

Conclusion

Thank You