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Election of 1824 & John Quincy Adams
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Election of 1824
• Four leading Democratic Republicans: – John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State under
Monroe– Henry Clay: Speaker of the House of Representatives,
man behind American System – Andrew Jackson: War hero from Tennessee– William Crawford: Georgia
• Preferred candidate during the caucus in Congress
• Caucus: a closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate
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Candidates
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John Quincy Adams
• Son of John Adams (2nd President)
• Politician• Professor• Diplomat • Secretary of State
under James Monroe
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Henry Clay
• Represented Kentucky in both– House of
Representatives: Speaker of the House
– Senate • Man behind the
American System
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Andrew Jackson
• Politician • Successful Army
General– War hero in War
of 1812
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William Crawford• American Politician– United States
Secretary of War (1815-1816)
– United States Secretary of the Treasury (1816-1825)
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Election Results
• Crowded race produced no clear winner– Jackson won more popular votes– No one won majority of the electoral votes needed for
election• House of Representatives had to determine the outcome
of the election• Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, threw his support
behind Adams.• Adams wins the election and Clay is appointed Secretary
of State– Known as the “corrupt bargain”
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Jackson’s Reaction
• Jackson is infuriated by this and immediately begins campaigning for the next election– Corrupt Bargain cast a shadow on Adams’
presidency
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Adams’ Presidency
• Adams was very supportive of Henry Clay’s American System– Internal improvements: roads, ports, canals– High tariff to pay for improvements– National bank
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Technology & Industrial Revolution
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Transportation Pre-Revolution• Water was the most effective way to travel
and transport goods since all major cities and settlements were located on the water.
• Overland transportation at the start of the 19th century: – Carts, wagons, sleights, stagecoaches pulled by
horses and oxen on dirt roads• Very expensive
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Road Improvements
• Hoping to improve overland transportation– Turnpikes• Roads that you had to pay a toll to use
– National Road• Lone, decent route made of crushed rock• Funded by the federal government• Extended west Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818
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Water Transportation
• Steamboat: – Boats that ran by burning wood or coal to boil
water to create steam– Steam turned large paddle that would let the boat
move through the water– Designed by Robert Fulton• Clermont
• Cut travel time from 4 months to just 6 days
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Water Transportation
• Canals: built to link farms to the expanding cities– Primarily built in the Northeast– Erie Canal: ran from New York to Lake Erie
(approximately 363 miles)– Canals lowered the cost of shipping
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Railroads
• A new method of transportation was introduced beginning in the 1800s: Railroads!
• Railroads were largely developed in Great Britain, began to appear in US in 1820s.– First trains were pulled by horses– Switched to steam powered engines, could pull
more weight• 13 miles of tracks in 1830 to 31,000 miles by
1860
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Industrial Revolution
• Developments in technology transformed manufacturing.
• Industrial Revolution changed nation’s economy, culture, social life, and politics– Began in Great Britain in 1700s
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Textile Mills
• Samuel Slater brought technology used in textile mills in Great Britain to the United States in 1793– Built first water-powered textile mill
• Pawtucket spun cotton thread• Family system: entire families were employed by the mills
• Francis Cabot Lowell– Built mill in Massachusetts in a town they established,
Lowell– “Lowell Girls” were employed to work in the mills and
lived in closely supervised boardinghouses
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Inventions
• Interchangeable Parts: individual parts that can be replaced when they break, rather than having to replace the entire item.– Introduced by Eli Whitney
• Samuel F.B. Morse: electric telegraph– Electric pulses that could travel long distances
along metal wires and came out as coded signals• Named Morse Code after the inventor
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Inventions
• Agriculture– Steel Plow: invented by John Deere– Mechanical Reaper: Cyrus McCormick– Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney
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