efeqturi swavlebis teqnologiebi da...

nana maWaraSvili

efeqturi swavlebis

teqnologiebi da

strategiebi

(saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba)

gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi _ 2012

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Sinaarsi

Sesavali ........................................................................................................................... 5

Tavi I. efeqturi swavlebis konceptualuri

safuZvlebi .........................................................................................................7

I.1 pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli saganmanaTleblo

koncefcia ........................................................................................................................7

I.2. erovnuli saswavlo gegma da sagnobrivi programa saxviT

da gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi ............................................................................. 15

I.3. TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis principebi da realizaciis

formebi ..........................................................................................................................22

Tavi II. efeqturi swavlebis teqnologiebi ...30

II.1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba ............................................. 30

II.2. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba ................................................53

Tavi III. efeqturi swavlebis strategiebi ......76

III.1. swavlebis strategiebi da meTodebi ............................................ 76

• gonebrivi ieriSi ...................................................................................... 80

• diskusia ........................................................................................................... 81

• demonstrirebis meTodi .......................................................................83

• roluri TamaSi/simulacia ................................................................ 84

• kognituri diagramebi ............................................................................87

• msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis meTodi ..............................................88

• klasifikaciis meTodebi .....................................................................93

• Sejamebisa da Canawerebis gakeTebis meTodebi ...................95

naSromSi ganxilulia efeqturi swavlebis mniSvneloba mo-swavlesa da Sedegze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis dageg-mvisa da warmarTvisaTvis; efeqturi swavlebis mravalmxrivi teqnologiisa da strategiis gamoyenebis Taviseburebebi sax-viTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavlebis procesSi, xelovnebis gakveTilis dagegmvisa da warmarTvis, agreTve miRebuli Sede-gebis analizisa da Sefasebis meqanizmebi; maswavleblis profesi-uli ganviTarebis alternatiuli gzebi da saSualebebi.

wigni mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gauwevs saxviTi da gamo-yenebiTi xelovnebis maswavlebels saswavlo procesSi erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da sagnobrivi saganmanaTleblo standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevaSi, xels Seuwyobs mis profe-siul ganviTarebas, erovnuli sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis mzadebas.

naSromi gankuTvnilia xelovnebis didaqtikis problemebiT dainteresul pirTaTvis (xelovnebis maswavleblebisaTvis, aRniS-nuli profilis kadris momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis

sistemis warmomadgenlebisaTvis).

redaqtori: naTela jabua, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doq-

tori, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis profesori, xelovnebis saskolo saxelmZR-

vaneloebis Tanaavtori.

recenzenti: naTela maRlakeliZe, pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

© n. maWaraSvili

ISBN 978-9941-10-548-7

uak.(UDC) 73|76+745](072) m-433

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• ukuqceviTi swavlebis meTodi .................................................. 107

• xelovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodi ........109

Tavi IV. xelovnebis gakveTilis dagegmva, mar-

Tva da evaluacia .................................................................................112

IV.1. xelovnebis gakveTilis dagegmvis zogadi principebi ..112

IV.2. xelovnebis gakveTilis konstruirebis

Taviseburebebi ...................................................................................119

IV.3. integrirebuli gakveTili ................................................................122

IV.4. moswavleTa codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba............... 128

IV.5. gakveTilis Sefaseba da maswavleblis profesiuli ganvi-

Tareba .............................................................................................................................135

reziume ..................................................................................................................... 139

literatura.............................................................................................................140

Sesavali

msoflio saganmanaTleblo sivrcis globalur ten-dencias demokratiulobisa da humanizaciis ganmsaz-Rvreli roli Seadgens. sazogadoebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze prioritetuli gaxda mravalmxriv ganviTarebuli, umniSvnelovanesi pirovnuli da profe-siuli kompetenciebiT aRWurvili, socialurad srul-fasovani individis formirebis aucilebloba. Zireulma cvlilebebma socialur-ekonomikur da sainformacio-teqnologiur sferoebSi Seqmna realuri winamZRvrebi saganmanaTleblo sistemis radikaluri gardaqmnisaTvis, ramac, Tavis mxriv, unda gansazRvros inteleqtualuri, teqnologiuri da socialuri progresi.

sazogadoebis dakveTam saganmanaTleblo siste-mis `produqtze~ gamokveTa ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, rac iTvaliswinebs ara mxolod mecnierebaTa safuZvlebis dauflebas, aramed im arsebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTa-rebis aucileblobas, rac, saboloo jamSi, SesaZleblobas miscems axalgazrdebs, gamoavlinon damoukidebeli da TanamSromlobiTi muSaobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, SeZenili codnis trans-feris, sakuTari da sxvisi saqmianobis Sefasebis, TviT-gamoxatvis, TviTrealizaciis, TviTaqtualizaciisa da sxva umniSvnelovanesi unarebi.

saskolo ganaTlebis mniSvnelobis aRiarebam gana-piroba moswavlis pirovnebisadmi, rogorc umaRlesi faseulobisadmi damokidebulebis prioritetuloba. Tanamedrove skolis ZiriTad amocanad ganisazRvra aq-tiuri, kreatiuli pirovnebis formireba, romelsac aqvs TviTganviTarebisa da TviTganaTlebis, jgufuri muSaobis, TanamSromlobis, piradi pasuxismgeblobis, gadawyvetile-

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bebis swrafad miRebis, TviTSefasebisa da TviTkritikis, aseve sxva umniSvnelovanesi unarebi. swored es Tvise-bebi iZens ganmsazRvrel mniSvnelobas myari, dinamikuri da funqciuri codnis konstruirebisa da Sesabamisad, is-eTi moqalaqis aRzrdisaTvis, romelic upasuxebs Taname-drove samyaros gamowvevebsa da moTxovnebs.

zemoaRniSnulma saTanado asaxva pova respubli-kis saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi mimdinare reformebze. Zireulma siaxleebma erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi, sagno-brivi standartebis amaRlebam, sruliad gansxvavebuli tipis saswavlo-didaqtikuri masalebis Seqmnam gansaz-Rvra saTanado kvalifikaciis maswavleblis momzadebisa da gadamzadebis aucilebloba, romelic uzrunvelyofs swavlebis Sinaarsis gansxvavebul principebze dafuZne-bas, msoflio saganmanaTleblo praqtikis, inovaciuri midgomebis Seswavlasa da ganzogadebas, axali sagan-manaTleblo teqnologiebisa da strategiebis danergvas, romelTa efeqturobac msoflios wamyvani mecnierebis mier kvlevis Sedegebis Sesabamisad aris dadasture-buli.

mocemuli wigni miznad isaxavs, daexmaros xelovnebis didaqtikiT dainteresebul mkiTxvels, gaimdidros pro-fesiuli codna da kompetenciebi, uzrunvelyos sagan-manaTleblo procesis monawileTa urTierTqmedeba, pirovnuli midgoma, efeqturi swavlebis strategiebis mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba xelovnebis gakveTilze swav-lebis TiToeuli konkretuli safexuris specifikis Sesabamisad; gaiTvaliswinos gakveTilis dramaturgiis agebis mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos mravalmxrivi aqtivo-bebi, moswavleTa Sefasebis mravalgvari formebi, gamoav-linos sakuTari profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis unar-Cvevebi.

Tavi I. efeqturi swavlebis

konceptualuri safuZvlebi

I.1. pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebu-

li saganmanaTleblo koncefcia

pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli saganmana-Tleblo koncefciis aqtualoba msoflio saganmanaTle-blo sivrceSi jer kidev gasuli saukunis 70-iani wle-bidan gamoikveTa, rasac xeli Seuwyo rogorc ganaTlebis mecnierebebSi, ise momijnave sferoebSi ganxorcieleb-ulma fundamenturma kvlevebma. miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze mecnierulad iqna dasabuTebuli aRniSnuli koncefciis upiratesoba, erTi mxriv, myari, funqciuri codnis konstruirebis, meore mxriv, aqtiuri, kreatiuli, mravalmxrivi profesiuli da pirovnuli kompetenciebiT aRWurvili, konkurentunariani pirovnebis formirebis TvalsazrisiT.

pirovnebaze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis cen-trSia moswavle, misi ganviTarebis procesi da miRweuli Sedegebi. aRniSnuli midgoma mTeli rigi upirateso-bebiT xasiaTdeba. kerZod, miuxedavad imisa, rom maswav-lebeli marTavs swavla-swavlebis process, moswavle aqtiurad aris CarTuli codnis agebis procesSi. igi sakuTar codnasa da gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT `aR-moaCens~, amuSavebs axal Temebs/sakiTxebs da Sesabamisad, ukeT acnobierebs axal codnas, romelic mobiluri, fun-qciuri xdeba. moswavles SeuZlia paralelebis gavleba, msgavseba-gansxvavebis gamovlena, SeZenili codnis gansx-vavebul konteqstSi gamoyeneba; moswavles SeuZlia wa-moayenos sakuTari mosazrebebi, ideebi, hi poTezebi, avlens

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damoukidebeli muSaobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da ar-gumentirebuli msjelobis, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis, konstruqciuli TanamSromlobisa da sxva mniSvnelovan unarebs.

pirovnebaze orientirebuli swavlebis procesi in-teraqtiur meTodikas efuZneba.

swavlebis procesi Tavisi bunebiT interaqtiuri procesia, ramdenadac moicavs or sapirispiro mxares _ maswavlebelsa da moswavles. maT saerTo mizani aer-TianebT _ axali codnisa da unarebis aTviseba. Tumca saganmanaTleblo procesis am bunebrivi da garduvali, daufaravi interaqtiurobis (urTierTqmedebis) miuxe-davad, tradiciuli skolis pirobebSi is, Cveulebriv deformirdeboda Sors mimavali negatiuri SedegebiT. tradiciul skolaSi saswavlo procesma, raoden parado-qsulic ar unda iyos, dakarga Tavisi ZiriTadi maxasi-aTebeli _ interaqtiuroba.

I.1. nimuSi 1

tradiciuli da interaqtiuri saswavlo procesi

tradiciuli (avtoritaruli)saswavlo procesi

interaqtiuri (pirovnebazeorientirebuli) saswavlo

procesi

saswavlo procesis centra-luri figura - maswavlebeli

saswavlo procesis centrSi - moswavle

maswavlebeli - svams amocanas,wyvets problemas, akeTebsdaskvnebs.

maswavlebeli - TanamSromlobs moswavleebTan, xels uwyobs maT SemecnebiT da pirovnul ganviTarebas.

moswavle - iTvisebs saswavlomasalas, asrulebs davalebasmocemuli nimuSis an konkre-tuli miTiTebis Sesabamisad, pasuxobs kiTxvebze, romelTa pasuxic uSualod saswavlo teqstSia mocemuli.

moswavle iTvisebs saswavlomasalas `aRmoCenis gziT~,kiTxvebze pasuxisas avlenskritikuli azrovnebis,argumentirebuli msjelobisunarebs, damoukideblad akeTebs daskvnebs

codnis ZiriTadi wyaro -maswavlebeli, saxelmZRvanelo

codnis alternatiuli wya-roebi

ZiriTadi mizani - codnis ga-dacema

ZiriTadi mizani - moswavlispirovnebis formireba

swavlis motivacia susti,swavlebis procesi naklebadsaintereso da mosawyeni

swavlis motivacia myari, swav-lebis procesi saintereso da saxaliso

moswavleTa organizebis ZiriTadi formebi - individu-aluri, saerTo saklaso.

moswavleTa organizebis ZiriTadi formebi - individu-aluri, wyvilSi, jgufuri.

gakveTilis dramaturgia _erTferovani

gakveTilis dramaturgia aigeba mravalmxriv aqtivobebze

saswavlo procesSiugulebelyofilia moswavliscxovrebiseuli gamocdileba, misi interesebi, midrekilebebi

saswavlo procesi eyrdnobamoswavlis cxovrebiseulgamocdilebas, mis interesebs,midrekilebebs

Sefaseba dakavSirebulia mx-olod codnis aTvisebis don-esTan

Sefaseba xdeba ramdenimekriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT(codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseulo-bebi da damokidebulebebi)

interaqtiuri swavlebis procesSi mniSvnelovnad warmoCndeba progresuli paradigmis faseulobebi _ hu-manuroba, saganmanaTleblo procesis monawileTa urTi-erTqmedeba, pirovnuli midgoma. Tanamedrove saganmana-Tleblo sistemaSi interaqtiuri swavlebis aqtiurad danergvis procesma gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba mianiWa misi gacnobierebisa da SemoqmedebiTad gaazrebis prob-

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lemas (arsi, specifika, principi, organizaciis saSuale-bebi).

interaqtiuri swavlebis arsi mdgomareobs saswavlo-SemecnebiT procesSi CarTuli subieqtebis realizebul intensiur, mravalgegmian pirovnebaTSoris damokidebule-bebsa da urTierTobebSi. jer kidev cnobili fsiqologi leonid vigodski aRniSnavda, rom umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciebis gza ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia bavSvuri cno-bierebis socialuri saqmianobis ZiriTad formasTan. ro-gorc l. vigodski werda, aRniSnuli fsiqikuri funqcia orjer vlindeba qcevis ganviTarebis procesSi: Tavda-pirvelad rogorc koleqtiuri qcevis forma, rogorc TanamSromlobis an urTierTqmedebis forma, anu rogorc interfsiqologiuri kategoria, Semdeg ki rogorc bavS-vis individualuri qcevis forma, rogorc qcevis Sida procesi, anu rogorc intrafsiqologiuri kategoria.1

cneba `interaqcia~ nasesxebia sociologiuri mimdi-nareobis _ simboluri interaqcionizmisagan (g. blaum-bergi, d. midi, r. sirsi da sxv.), romlis warmomadgenelTa azriT, simboluri interaqcionizmis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom adamianebs Soris urTierTqmedeba ganixile-ba rogorc uwyveti dialogi, romlis procesSic isi-ni akvirdebian, acnobiereben erTmaneTis azrebs, ideebs, versiebs da Semdeg reagireben maTze.2

interaqtiuroba, gaazrebuli rogorc uSualo dia-logi, dRes ukve gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens, rom-lis gacnobierebuli gamoyenebac uzrunvelyofs efeq-turi swavlebis danergvas. interaqtiuri swavlebis teqnologia inarCunebs saganmanaTleblo procesis sab-oloo mizans, Tumca cvlis SemecnebiTi saqmianobis sa-

1 Л. С. Выгодский ,,Проблемы развития психики“, М.,1983, t. З. с. 27.2 Слезер Н. Социология. М. , 1994. с.17.

translacio formebs erTobliv Zalisxmevaze, urTierTq-medebasa da mxardaWeraze dafuZnebuli urTierTaqtiuri formebiT. interaqtiur swavlebaSi dialogis poziciebs sakmaod zustad gansazRvravs cneba `Segnebuli monaw-ileoba~.

sayuradRebo faqtia, rom jer kidev XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi araerTi mkvlevari aRniSnavda, rom bevrad ufro advilia jgufSi Tavmoyrili individebis Secvla, vidre TiToeuli maTganis cal-calke. dRes ki mecnierebi erTobliv (jgufur) saqmianobas saganmanaTleblo sfer-oSi demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis safuZ-vlad miiCneven _ Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi xom bev-rad gafarToebulia socialuri garemocvis pirovnuli zona. amitomac, kooperaciis (TanamSromlobiTi saqmiano-bis) unar-Cvevebis aTviseba swored swavlebis period-Si unda moxdes. jgufuri muSaobisaTvis upiratesobis miniWebis idea garkveulwilad ganapiroba pedagogebisa da fsiqologebis swrafvam, dasZlion pedagogikis zemoq-medebis naklovani mxareebi da saswavlo procesSi daner-gon saklaso interaqciis sxvadasxva forma (maswavlebe-li–moswavlisadamoswavle_moswavlisinteraqcia)im mosazrebiT, rom pedagogiuri zemoqmedeba iyos iribi da ara pirdapiri (aRsaniSnavia, rom es ukanaskneli ar aris damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli swavlebisaTvis). Se-sabamisad, saswavlo procesSi moswavlis aqtiurobisa da qmediTobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvn-elobas iZens saklaso interaqcia, rac gulisxmobs sas-wavlo procesSi maT urTierTqmedebas.

interaqtiuri swavlebisas muSaobis mravalferovani formebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT xdeba moswavleTa Semec nebiTi unarebis, agreTve kreatiulobis, analiti-kuri azrovnebis unarebis ganviTareba, rac, Tavis mxriv,

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xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciis amaRlebas konkre-tuli saswavlo masalisa da zogadad, swavlis proce-sisadmi. moswavleebs uadvildebaT axali masalis ara mxolod ganvlil masalasTan, aramed sakuTar gamocdile-basTan, interesebTan dakavSireba, agreTve sxva sagnebSi miRebul codnasTan integrireba.

aRniSnuli midgomis mTavar komponentebs Seadgens TiToeuli moswavlisa da misi individualuri saswavlo saqmianobis unikalurobis aRiareba. am SemTxvevaSi mas-wavleblis roli mdgomareobs ara mxolod garkveuli moculobis codnis gadacemasa da unar-Cvevebis ganviTa-rebaSi, aramed imgvari saganmanaTleblo garemos orga-nizebaSi, romelic xels Seuwyobs moswavles, daeyrdnos sakuTar potencials da swavlebis Sesatyvis teqnolo-gias. maswavlebeli da moswavle uzrunvelyofen erTo-bliv saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, romelic mimarTulia moswavlis individualuri TviTrealizebisa da misi pirovnuli Tvisebebis ganviTarebaze.

amgvarad, pirovnebaze orientirebuli swavleba efuZneba Semdeg principebs:

• maswavlebeli aRiarebs TiToeuli moswavlis unikal-

urobas. iTvaliswinebs, rom mas axasiaTebs gansxvave-

buli interesebi, SesaZleblobebi, gansxvavebulia misi

swavlisadmi damokidebulebac, rac udavod sayuradRe-

boa saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis warmarTvisa da ar-

sebiTi xarisxovani Sedegebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT;

• meore mxriv, rogorc maswavlebeli, ise TiToeuli mo-

swavle acnobierebs nebismieri sxva adamianis unikalu-

robas, individualur Rirebulebebs, damokidebulebebs.

maswavlebeli pativs scems moswavleTa azrebs, rasac

mkafiod acnobiereben moswavleebi rogorc maswavle-

belTan, ise TanaklaselebTan mimarTebaSi;

• maswavlebelsa da moswavles, agreTve moswavleebs So-

ris komunikaciis ZiriTad niSans Seadgens toleran-

tuloba. moswavleebi cdiloben sxva Tvalsazrisis,

sxva moswavlis qmedebis motivebis gacnobierebasa da

SesaZlebelia, miRebasac. amgvarad moswavle axdens sa-

kuTari socialuri funqciis realizebas. moswavle-

Ta TanamSromlobiTi urTierTqmedeba iTvaliswinebs

TiToeuli maTganis sawyisi poziciis arsebobas, Senar-

Cuneba-dacvas an Secvlas. aqtiuri komunikacia uz-

runvelyofs moswavlis pirovnebis ganviTarebas, axali

SemecnebiTi Sedegebis gacnobierebas, romlebic miRebu-

lia amxanagebTan dialogis procesSi.

zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, moswavlesa da Sedegze orientirebuli midgoma realizdeba maSin, rodesac saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis dagegmvis, ganxor-cielebisa da diagnostikis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul iqneba TiToeuli moswavlis pirovnuli Tvisebebi, indi-vidualuri maxasiaTeblebi.

gansxvaveba swavlebis tradiciul formebsa da in-teraqtiuri swavlebis teqnologias Soris ukve amo-canis dasmis etapze ikveTeba. gansxvavebuli midgoma swavlebisadmi, rogorc interaqtiuri procesisadmi, iT-valiswinebs gakveTilze amocanebis triadis dasmasa da gadawyvetas, romlebSic aqcenti sxvagvaradaa dasmuli:

• saswavlo-SemecnebiTi (mizani: konkretuli saswavlo,

problemuri, SemoqmedebiTi situaciis gacnobierebisa

da gadawyvetis, agreTve jgufis TiToeuli wevris

mxridan sakuTari qmedebebis logikisa da Tanamimdev-

robis gacnobierebis aucilebloba);

• sakomunikacio (mizani: interaqtiuri urTierTobis

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Cvevebis, agreTve TviTrealizaciisa da TviTaqtual-

izaciis, Tanamedrove teq nologiur aRWurvilobasTan

muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba erToblivi Semec-

nebis procesSi); sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis ganviTa-

rebisaTvis mniSvnelovania tolerantuli damokide-

bulebis gamovlena sxva subieqtebis azrebisa da

Sexedulebebisadmi;

• socialur-orientaciuli (mizani: individis social-

izaciisaTvis mniSvnelovani pirovnuli Tvisebebis

aRzrda, romlis Sedegebic adekvatur asaxvas povebs

saswavlo droisa da sivrcis miRmac).

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, pirovnebaze orien-tirebul saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo-bas iZens saswavlo praqtikis mravalferovneba, gansx-vavebuli xerxebis, meTodebis, saSualebebis danergva da maTi monacvleobiT, sxvadasxva formiTa da nairsaxeo-biT gamoyeneba, rac uzrunvelyofs TiToeuli moswav-lis CarTvas mravalferovan aqtivobebSi. SesaZloa, zogi moswavlisaTvis, misi individualuri maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT, yvelaze nayofieri damoukidebeli swavla iyos, zogisTvis ki _ TanamSromlobiTi. aseve moswavleTa garkveuli nawilisaTvis bevrad efeqturi konkurenciis pirobebi aRmoCndes. damoukidebeli, konkurentuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis formebis mizanmimarTuli, monacvleobiTi gamoyeneba mravalferovans xdis codnis miRebis process, xels uwyobs moswavleTa aqtiurobas, qmediTobas, maTi SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisa da socialu-rad srulfasovan individad formirebis process.

I.2. erovnuli saswavlo gegma da

sagnobrivi programa saxviT da

gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi

zogadi ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi, fundamenturi mniSvnelobis mqone dokumentis _ `zog-adi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis~ _ gaTvaliswinebiT momzadebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mTavar amocanas erovnuli miznebis misaRwevi saganmanaTleblo resursisa da garemos Seqmna Seadgens. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Zireuli principia Sedegze orientireba, ramdenadac mis safuZvels pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli sa-ganmanaTleblo koncefcia Seadgens da ramac gansazRvra Sesatyvisi meTodikuri orientirebi:

•swavla-swavlebisprocesSigaTvaliswinebulundaiqnes TiToeuli moswavlis ganumeorebeli, unikaluri individualuri maxasiaTeblebi, SesaZleblobebi, intere-sebi, piradi gamocdileba, swavlis stili;

• moswavle aqtiuradunda iyos CarTuli swavlis(codnis agebis) procesSi, romelic efuZneba moswavlis codnas, gamocdilebas, Sexedulebebs;

•maswavlebelmaundauzrunvelyossaswavloproce-sis mravalferovneba, rac gulisxmobs mravalgvari meTo-dis, midgomis, strategiis, problemaTa gadaWris gzebisa Tu aqtivobaTa tipebis gamoyenebas;

• maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos saswavlo ma-salis etapobrivad da mravalmxrivad miwodebas, axali sakiTxebis, cnebebis safuZvlianad da gansxvavebul kon-teqstebSi ganxilvas, saganTSorisi kavSirebis gamovle-nasa da saerTo aspeqtebis damuSavebas;

•standartiTgansazRvruliSedegebisrealizebisa-

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Tvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens motivaciis gaz-rda, rac moswavlis winsvlis uzrunvelyofis aucile-beli pirobaa;

• gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens moswavlisCarTuloba saswavlo procesSi (moswavleTa aqtiuri monawi leoba rogorc sakuTari, ise Tanatolebis swav-lis procesSi). jgufuri muSaobis, proeqtebis diskus-iebis, saklaso konferenciebis, SemoqmedebiTi konkursebis, speqtaklebis, gamofenebis, aqciebisa da sxv. dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi moswavleebi iZenen myar, fun-qciur codnas, agreTve TanamSromlobiTi muSaobisa da mTeli rigi, maTi pirovnuli da socialuri formirebi-saTvis arsebiT unar-Cvevebs, faseulobebsa da damokide-bulebebs.

zemoaRniSnulma asaxva pova sagnobrivi programebis struqturaSi. kerZod:

1. sagnobrivi programis zogadi nawili gansazRvravs sa-gnis (konkretulad, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis) swavlebis mizans, amocanebsa (codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseu-lobebi da damokidebulebebi) da im ZiriTad orien-tirebs, romlebic zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi-dan gamomdinareobs. esenia:

•kritikuliazrovneba;•problemaTagadaWrisunari;•TviTgamoxatvisunari;•SemoqmedebiTiazrovneba;•samoqalaqocnobiereba;•komunikaciisunari;•kvleva-Ziebisunari;•TviTSefasebisadasakuTarisaqmianobiswarmarTvis

unari.

2. sagnobrivi programis ZiriTadi nawilSi (standartSi) swavlis miznebi Camoyalibebulia konkretuli Sedegebis saxiT, anu im codnisa da unar-Cvevebis saxiT, romlebic moswavlem saswavlo procesis dasrulebis Semdeg unda warmoaCinos, standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebisa da indikatorebis realizebis mizniT maswavlebels eZleva konkretuli miTiTebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda warimarTos saswavlo procesi, rom moswavleebma codna gaazrebulad da safuZvlianad SeiZinon;

3. sagnobrivi programis daskvniTi nawili (Sinaarsi) moicavs savaldebulo (saxviTi xelovnebis ZiriTadi elementebi da principebi, masala da iaraRi, teqnika da procedura, xelovnis aRqma konteqstSi) da sarekomenda-cio sakiTxebis CamonaTvals (ideebis gamoxatva, SromiTi saqmianoba, komunikacia, rekomendebuli vizualuri masa-la).

saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavleba sami mimarTulebiT xorcieldeba:

1. SemoqmedebiTobisa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tareba: moswavleebi euflebian saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis elementebs, principebs, gamomsaxvelobiT xe-rxebs, sxvadasxva masalas, teqnikasa da procedurebs; ivi-Tareben sakuTari ideebis, emociebis, warmosaxvis safuZ-velze warmoSobili Canafiqris xorcSesxmis, SeZenili codnis praqtikaSi realizebis, masalisa da teqnikisadmi SemoqmedebiTi damokidebulebis unar-Cvevebs;

2. komunikacia da interpretacia: moswavleebi eufle-bian xelovnebis nimuSebze msjelobis, sakuTari mosaz-rebis Camoyalibebis, avtoris CanafiqrSi wvdomisa da mis mier gamoyenebuli gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis Tavise-

18 19

burebebs, sakuTar codnasa da STabeWdilebebze dayrd-nobiT xelovnebis nimuSis Sefasebas; avlenen sakuTari da jgufuri namuSevrebis wardgenis, masze msjelobisa da Sefasebis, diskusiaSi monawileobis, sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebis dagegmvisa da warmarTvis unar-Cvevebs;

3. xelovnebis aRqma konteqstSi: moswavleebi ecnobian sxvadasxva epoqaSi Seqmnili qarTuli da msoflio xe-lovnebis nimuSebs, xalxuri Semoqmedebis zogierT dargs, euflebian xelovnebis nimuSis Sinaarssa da daniSnule-baze, maTi Seqmnisa da Sefasebis, gansxvavebul istoriul, kulturul, socialur da sxva konteqstSi ganxilvis unar-Cvevebs; avlenen sxvadasxva epoqisa da kulturis xelovnebis nimuSebis amocnobisa da Sedarebis, nawar-moebis Sinaarsis istoriasTan, kulturasTan, religias-Tan dakavSirebis, sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi xelovnebis daniS nulebaze msjelobis unar-Cvevebs.

saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavleba TiToeul konkretul safexurze Sesabamisi specifikiT gamoirCvea, rasac gansazRvravs TiToeuli asakobrivi safexuris mo-swavleTa individualuri fsiqologiuri, fizikuri, emo-ciuri, SemecnebiTi Taviseburebebi. kerZod:

dawyebiT safexurze (I-VI klasebi) xelovnebis, rogorc saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi disciplinis pedagogiur po-tencials misi TvalsaCino, saxeobrivi buneba gansaz-Rvravs. Sesabamisad, ZiriTadad, aqcentirebulia samyaros emociuri aRqma, TamaSze dafuZnebuli aqtivobebi, xe-lovnebis sxvadasxva dargis elementebis integrire-ba (xatva, musika, zRapari, leqsi, speqtakli, animaciuri filmi). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, am safexurze gansa-kuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens moswavleTa emociuri da saazrovno sferos, praqtikuli da sakomunikacio una-rebis ganviTareba.

sabazo safexurze (VII-IX klasebi) moswavleTa praqti-kuli unar-Cvevebis daufleba da Semdgomi ganviTareba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs xelovnebis nimuSis anali-zis, masSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebis, avtoris Canafiqris wvdomisaTvis. am etapze saTanado datvirTvas iZens jgufuri muSaobis mravalmxrivi formebis gamo-yeneba (saklaso konferencia, proeqti, aqcia, Semoqmedebi-Ti konkursi da sxv.), rac xels uwyobs kritikuli az-rovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, kvleva-Ziebis, problemaTa gadaWris, SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvisa da TviTrealizaciis, TanamSromlobisa da sxva umniS-vnelovanesi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

saSualo safexurze (X-XII klasebi) moswavleTa mier SeZenili codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseulobebi da damokide-bulebebi qmnis myar safuZvels gacnobierebuli arCeva-nisaTvis (arCeviTi disciplina: saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba _ praqtikuli/Teoriul-praqtikuli kursi).

amgvarad, saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mimdinare arse-biTma siaxleebma gansazRvra radikaluri cvlilebebi saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavlebaSi. xe-lovnebis, rogorc savaldebulo saswavlo discipli-nis swavlebis mizani farToa da mravalmxrivi: xeli Seuwyos moswavlis mravalmxriv harmoniul ganviTarebas, gauRrmavos Teoriuli codna saxviTi xelovnebis Ziri-Tad elementebsa da principebze, mxatvruli xerxebisa da saSualebebis gamoyenebis mravalferovnebaze; gaumdi-dros mxatvruli STabeWdilebebi _ gaacnos msoflio xelovnebis sxvadasxva epoqis, mxatvruli mimdinareobisa da stilis nimuSebi; daexmaros moswavles, raTa man Se-Zlos xelovnebis nawarmoebis aRqma da masze msjeloba, misces SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvis, TviTrealizaciisa

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da TviTaqtualizaciis saSualeba mravalmxrivi praq-tikul-SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebiT; xeli Seuwyos moswavlis, rogorc socialurad srulfasovani individis formirebisaTvis arsebiTi faseulobebisa da damokidebulebebis formirebas.

ganisazRvra xelovnebis swavlebis meToduri orien-tirebic, rac ganpirobebulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebiTa da sagnobrivi standartiT gansazRvruli misaRwevi SedegebiT. kerZod:

•xelovnebissferomWidrodundaiyosdakavSire-buli moswavlis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan, mis in-teresebTan, SesaZleblobebTan, individualur maxasiaTe-blebTan, rasac xeli unda Seuwyos rogorc saswavlo masalis Sinaarsma, ise swavlebis Tanamedrove tenden-ciebis gaTvaliswinebam, efeqturi swavlebis mravalmxri-vi strategiis danergvam, gakveTilis konstruirebis mravalferovani xerxis gamoyenebam, moswavleTa Sefasebis mravalgvari formebis gamoyenebam. aRniSnuli uzrunvel-yofs motivaciis gazrdas xelovnebis gakveTilebisadmi, moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas saswavlo procesSi da, amas-Tan erTad, Seqmnis myar safuZvels im mimarTulebiT, rom xelovnebam mniSvnelovani adgili daikavos moswavlis cxovrebaSi;

• Tanamedrove skolis umniSvnelovanesi amoca-nis Sesabamisad, rasac moswavlis pirovnuli ganviTa-rebis aucilebloba Seadgens, xelovnebis swavlebisaT-vis prioritetuli gaxda mTel rig pirovnul TvisebaTa gamovlena-ganviTareba, rogoricaa: sakuTari mosazrebis naTlad, mkafiod Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba, gansxvave-buli azrisadmi pativiscema, problemebis damoukideblad gadaWra, amxanagebTan TanamSromloba, erTobliv namuSe-varze pasuxismgebloba, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis un-

ar-Cvevebis gamovlena da sxv.;•integrirebisadainterdisciplinarulikavSirebis

realizeba xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa mier ara mxolod viwro sagnobrivi codnis dauflebas, aramed miscems maT codnis transferis SesaZleblobas, gaufarToebs Semec-nebiT interesebs, safuZvels Cauyris farTo zogadkul-turul ganviTarebas;

•praqtikulisaqmianobismravalmxrivi,xSiradal-ternatiuli formebis gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs SeZeni-li codnis gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis, praqti-kul unar-CvevaTa dauflebas, fantaziis, SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebas da, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT TviTgamoxatvasa da TviTrealizacias.

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I.3. TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis

principebi da realizebis formebi

saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis sagnobrivi stan-dartiT gansazRvruli orientirebis realizebas, efeq-turi swavlebis ganxorcielebas bevrad ganapirobebs TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis danergva.

individualuri muSaobisas moswavle pasuxismgebelia mxolod sakuTar TavTan da maswavlebelTan. misi muSa-obis Sedegi ar aris damokidebuli sxva moswavleebTan TanamSromlobaze, maT warmatebebsa Tu warumateblobe-bze. konkurentuli swavlebis procesSi igi motivire-bulia, rom sxva moswavleebze ukeTes Sedegs miaRwios, Sesabamisad, mxolod sakuTar Tavzea koncentrirebuli _ misi warmatebis safuZveli damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad sxvaze swrafad da xarisxobrivad Seasrulebs davalebas.

TanamSromlobiTi swavleba mimarTulia partnior-uli da jgufuri muSaobisaken, moiTxovs moswavleTa koordinirebul da konstruqciul aqtivobas problemis erToblivad gadawyvetisa da saerTo miznis miRwevis mizniT, Sesabamisad, TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis efeq-turobas gansazRvravs Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi:

•moswavleTamiererTmaneTTanpozitiuridamokide-bulebis mniSvnelobis, dadebiTi urTierTgavlenis gacnobiereba ara mxolod piradi, aramed erToblivi warmatebisaTvis;

•pasuxismgeblobisgrZnobisgamovlenarogorcer-Toblivi muSaobis, ise saboloo produqtisadmi;

• interpersonaluri urTierTobebis moTxovnilebis,urTierTdaxmarebis gamovlena maT mier erToblivad ga-

dasaWreli amocanisadmi midgomis sxvadasxva gzis Ziebis, Zvel da axal masalas Soris kavSirebis damyarebis, cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebis, interdis-ciplinaruli kavSirebis realizebis mizniT;

•socializaciisunar-Cvevebisgamovlena,racgamoi-xateba SemdegSi: konkretul erTobliv davalebaze muS-aobisas moswavleebma ara mxolod codna unda gamoavli-non da gamocdilebis safuZvelze axali codnac miiRon, aramed gamoamJRavnon sociumSi qcevis unari, maRali motivacia, liderobis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis, pasux-ismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aRebis, saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi konfliqtebis mogvarebis unarebi;

•erToblivimuSaobisorganizeba,pozitiurisamuSaogaremos Seqmna, miznis misaRwevad sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyeneba, erToblivi muSaobis analizi da Sefaseba.

jgufuri muSaobis Taviseburebebis kvlevisas gan-sakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs iseTi sakiTxebi, ro-goricaa pirovnebaTSorisi damokidebulebebis zegavlena jgufuri muSaobis efeqturobaze, jgufis Semadgenlobis individualur-fsiqologiur Taviseburebebze, jgufuri muSaobis pirobebSi SemecnebiTi amocanebis gadawyve-tis Seswavla da sxv. kvlevebis Sedegebma mecnierebs SesaZlebloba misca gaekeTebinaT daskvna, rom jgufuri muSaoba meti efeqturobiT xasiaTdeba, vidre individu-aluri. jgufuri muSaobis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebad ki aRiniSna:

•saswavlomasaliserToblivadaRqma-ganxilva;•erTobliviZalisxmevisefeqturobaSemecnebiTiTu

SemoqmedebiTi amocanebis gadawyvetis procesSi;• movaleobebis/funqciebis ganawilebis damokide-

bulebis arseboba;•urTierTkontrolisadapasuxismgeblobisarseboba;

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•jgufiswevrebsSorismuSaobis,misimsvlelobisada kontrolis ganawilebis organizacia.

jgufuri muSaobis mizanmimarTuli dagegmvisa da warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania garkveuli zogadi xasi-aTis wesebis gaTvaliswineba. kerZod:

•saklasooTaxissivrcismomzadebadagamoyeneba;•monawileTajgufuridiferenciacia;•TanamSromlobiTiurTierTobebisdaregulireba:• konstruqciuli urTierTobebisaTvis aucilebeli

saSualebebis gansazRvra da gamoyeneba;•SefasebisadekvaturiformebisadameTodebisgamo-

yeneba;• analizisadaTviTanalizisCvevebisgamomuSaveba-

ganviTareba;• erToblivi muSaobis procesSi gadawyvetilebebis

Ziebis procesSi yuradRebis gadatana jgufis qmedebebsa da erTobliv Sedegze da ara calkeul individebze;

•jgufiswevrebisTanabarmdgomareobaSigaTvalis-wineba;

•erTmaneTisTanadgomaerToblivmuSaobaSi.jgufuri muSaobis procesSi moswavleebSi yalibde-

ba produqtiuli, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma dasmuli amo-canisadmi, romelsac erToblivad gadawyveten. aRniSnuli xels uwyobs axali, gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, ide-ebis, versiebis wamoyenebas, ramdenadac erToblivi gan-xilvis procesSi SesaZlebelia nebismieri azrisa Tu gadawyvetilebis koreqtireba. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom maswavlebeli yovelTvis mzad unda iyos moswavle-Ta arastandartuli azrovnebis gasagebad da misaRebad, rac udavod mniSvnelovania moswavleebisaTvis.

interaqtiuri swavlebis kidev erTi specifikuri maxa siaTebelia jgufuri da pirovnuli refleqsia, rom-

lis procesSic xdeba moswavleTa qmedebebisa da emoci-uri mdgomareobis gaazreba. es ki TviTSemecnebis, TviT-dakvirvebisa da TviTanalizis safuZvelia, rac individis pirovnuli zrdis umniSvnelovanes pirobas warmoadgens.

TanamSromlobiTi (socialuri) swavlebis meTodi Sei-Zleba sxva dasxva mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli. magaliTad:

•moswavleebmaimuSaonerTsadaimaveamocanaze.amSemTxvevaSi jgufis TiToeul wevrs erTi da igive fun-qcia aqvs. aRniSnuli forma gansakuTrebiT efeqturia axali masalaze muSaobisas.

I.3. nimuSi 1.gakveTilis Tema ìdea, Canafiqri, namuSevari~.maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, Seqmnan grafi-

kuli namuSevrebi sxvadasxvagvari xazis, Strixis gamo-yenebiT, gadmoscen maTTvis sasurveli gamosaxulebebi, detalebi, faqtura, Seqmnan ganwyobileba, risTvisac gamoiyeneben maT mier ganxilul an damoukideblad àRmoCenil~ xerxebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom moswavlee-bi praqtikul samuSaos indiv1idualurad asruleben, praqtikuli saqmianoba jgufebSi warimarTeba. muSao-bis procesSi moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben sa-kuTar azrs sxvadasxvagvari xazis, Strixis gamoyenebis, faqturis miRebis Taobaze, àRmoaCenen~ axal xerxebs da axdenen maT demonstrirebas. mosazrebaTa urTierT-gaziarebis procesSi isini ukeT iTviseben axal ma-salas, avlenen SemoqmedebiTobas, sakuTari Canafiqris ganxorcielebas, amasTan, TanamSromloben erTmaneTTan.

•davaleba,romelzecjgufimuSaobs,iTvaliswinebsjgufis wevrebs Soris funqciebis ganawilebas. am SemTxvevaSi jgufuri samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxi damokidebulia TiToeuli wevris muSaobis Sedegze.

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I.3. nimuSi 2.gakveTilis Tema `saocrebaTa qalaqi~.maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, TiToeul-

ma jgufma Seqmnas namuSevrebi, romlebSic gadmosce-men gakveTilze miRebul STabeWdilebebs. moswavleebi jgufurad msjeloben da erToblivad gansazRvraven, Tu ra saxis namuSevrebs Seqmnian (magaliTad, aplika-ciis xerxiT gamosaxon dakidebuli baRebi, muyaosagan gaakeTon iSTaris karibWis erTgvari modeli, Seqmnan fantastikuri arsebebis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi an sxv.). erToblivi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg, mo-swavleebi gansazRvraven, ra masala da teqnika gamoiy-enon, inawileben funqciebs da Seudgebian davalebis Sesrulebas. muSaobis procesSi moswavleebi interes-debian, Tu rogor asrulebs dakisrebul funqcias jgu-fis TiToeuli wevri, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi exmare-bian erTmaneTs, aZleven rCevebs.

jgufur muSaobas mniSvnelovani funqcia ekisreba Tanamedrove skolis ZiriTadi miznis gansaxorcieleblad, rac iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa aRWurvas ara mxolod konkretuli codnis moculobiT, aramed mTeli rigi so-cialuri da pirovnuli unar-CvevebiTac. jgufuri muSaobis efeqturobis kvlevisas mecnierebi mividnen daskvnamde, rom saklaso organizaciis es forma gansakuTrebiT sayuradRe-boa moswavleTa konceptualuri ganviTarebisaTvis. kerZod, am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi ganixilaven ganviTarebis imave doneze myofi Tana klaselebis xSirad sruliad sawinaaRm-dego poziciebs da swored SemecnebiTi kamaTi, kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis gamovlenis fonze xdeba maTi konceptualuri ganviTareba.

mniSvnelovania isic, rom jgufuri muSaobisas moswavlee-bi erToblivad wyveten problemebs, amasTan, ukeT iazreben axal cnebebs. izrdeba moswavleTa aqtiuroba, maRldeba motivacia, piradi pasuxismgebloba saerTo davalebis Ses-rulebaze, moswavles meti Tavisufleba eniWeba, mas aqvs arCevanis gakeTebis, alternatiuli gzebis Ziebis SesaZle-bloba. jgufuri muSaobisas miRebuli codna da gamoc-dileba exmareba maT Semdeg ukve damoukidebeli muSaobisas.

amgvarad, jgufuri muSaoba flobs mTel rig upirate-sobebs saklaso organizaciis sxva formebTan Sedar-ebiT, rogoricaa, saerTo saklaso muSaoba, individualuri muSaoba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma mkafiod gai-azros saklaso organizaciis TiToeuli modelis ro-gorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi da konkretuli saWiroebis mixedviT gamoiyenos TiToeuli maTgani. sak-laso muSaobis procesi xels uwyobs klasis erTianobis SegrZnebas, moswavleTa mier saerTo problemebisa da in-teresebis gacnobierebas. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelic mkafiod SeigrZnobs klasis ganwyobas, damokidebulebas ara mxolod sagnis, aramed konkretuli saswavlo ma-salisa Tu situaciis mimarT. rac Seexeba damoukidebel muSaobas, saklaso organizebis aRniSnuli tradiciuli forma mniSvnelovania moswavlis mobilizebis, dakvirve-bulobis, codnis sistemaSi moyvanis, SeZenili codnis xarisxis Sefasebis, TviTSefasebis unaris gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT.

moswavleebi SeiZleba dajgufdnen wyvilebad, tri-adebad, mcire (4-5 moswavle) da did (6 da meti mo-swavle) jgufebad, rac damokidebulia swavlebis safexurze, agreTve davalebis specifikasa da mocu-lobaze. mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili mcire jgufebSi muSaoba, rodesac xdeba gansxvavebuli

28 29

versiebis wamoyeneba, maTi analizi da Sejereba. am Sem-TxvevaSi SedarebiT ioldeba jgufuri samuSaos dageg-mva da marTva.

jgufuri muSaoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sxva-dasxva ti pis davalebisaTvis nebismier saganSi, swav-lebis nebismier safexurze, amasTan, saswavlo proce-sis sxvadasxva etapze (prezentacia, Sejameba da sxv.). mniSvnelovania, davaleba xels uwyobdes gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis miRwevas, amasTan, formulirebul iqnes naTlad da mkafiod, yvela etapis gaazrebiT. jgufuri muSaobis warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania wina samuSaos Catareba, rasac SeiZleba Seadgendes nebismieri saklaso aqtivoba. ase magaliTad, winasa-motivacio kiTxvebis dasma, mosazrebaTa urTierTgazi-areba, debatebi da sxv.

I.3. nimuSi 3.gakveTilis Tema `qandakeba da garemo~.maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, daasaxelon

qandakebis maTTvis cnobili nimuSebi, skulpturuli kompoziciebi da gamoTqvan mosazrebebi, Tu ra mizniT aris TiToeuli maTgani Seqmnili (istoriuli pirisa Tu RirsSesaniSnavi movlenis ukvdavsayofad, dekora-tiuli, religiuri an sxva mizniT), rogoria garemo, romelSic TiToeuli maTgania warmodgenili, gamoxa-ton sakuTari damokidebuleba _ romeli maTgani ufro misaRebia maTTvis da ratom.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTavazobs maT, TiToeulma jgufma warmoadginos sakuTari mosazrebebi imis Tao-baze, Tu rogor qandakebas da ra mizniT Seqmnidnen, rogor garemoSi warmoadgendnen da ratom, Semdeg ki

gaakeTon eskizebi, romelTa jgufuri ganxilvis Semdeg gaacnoben Tanaklaselebs, maTi azriT, saukeTeso namu-Sevars, daasabuTeben erTobliv arCevans.

saganmanaTleblo procesis monawileTa urTierT-qmedebis organizebisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom maswavle-beli orientirebuli iyos moswavleebTan konstruqci-ul urTierTqmedebaze, gaiTvaliswinos organizatoruli, komunikaciuri, SefasebiTi da sxva unarebis koreqciis SesaZlebloba.

30 31

Tavi II. efeqturi swavlebis

teqnologiebi

II.1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba

`yoveli WeSmariteba, romelsac moswavle unda daeu-flos, man xelaxla unda aRmoaCinos da ara ubralod mza saxiT miiRos~; `gageba niSnavs aRmoCenas, an xelaxla aRmoCenas~, _ werda Sveicarieli fsiqologi Jan piaJe.1

piaJesTvis bavSvi aris ara individualuri Semsrule-beli, aramed individualurad moazrovne, romelic cod-nis aTvisebis garda iZens saazrovno, agreTve mTel rig sxva umniSvnelovanes unarebs. maTi saSualebiT ara mx-olod SeZenili codna xdeba myari, funqciuri, aramed moswavles SeuZlia damoukideblad marTos sakuTari swavlebisa da ganviTarebis procesi.

`koncefcia _ werda rusi fsiqologi l.s. vigodski, _ ara asocirebul urTierTobaTa ubralo jamia, ro-melic dazepirebiT SeiZineba, arc avtomaturi inteleq-tualuri Cvevaa, aramed azrovnebis rTuli da WeSmariti aqti, romelic ar Seiswavleba praqtikuli varjiSiT. aramed moiTxovs, rom TviT bavSvis azrovneba amaRldes Tavisi Sinagani ganviTarebiT im donemde, rom koncef-cia gonebaSi amotivtivdes.~2 cxadia, l.s. vigodski gu-lisxmobda, rom codnis sistemuri aTviseba ar miiReba ubralo zepirobiT (pasiuri aRqmiT), aramed moiTxovs namdvil inteleqtualur saqmianobas, romlis proces-Sic bavSvi ara mxolod codnas iZens, aramed azrovnebis

1 Л. С. Выгодский, ,,Педагогическая психология#, М.,1991. с. 29.2 Флейвелл Д. Х. Генетическая психология Ж. Пиаже, пер. с англ. М. 1981. с. 47.

axal formebsac eziareba; Tumca, rogorc l.s. vigodski Tvlida, `yvela saxis swavlas rodi mohyveba ganviTa-reba. cnebaTa uSualod sityvieri gadacemis mcdelobiT araferi miiRweva, garda sityvebis uazro aTvisebisa da ubralo mravalsityvaobisa, rac bavSvSi am cnebaTa ar-sebobis moCvenebiTobas qmnis, sinamdvileSi ki mxolod vakuums niRbavs.

saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba erovnuli sas-wavlo gegmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mizania. mniS-vnelovania, rom moswavlem ara mxolod daimaxsovros garkveuli saxiT miwodebuli informacia. codnis dag-rovebasTan erTad (informaciis SenarCuneba) man unda SeZlos am codnis gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba.

moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisa-Tvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens maswavleblis mier kiTxvebis mizanmimarTulad dasma (maswavlebeli flobdes kiTxvebis dasmis teqnikas), ramac unda uzrun-velyos misaRwevi Sedegi. klasificirebis Sesabamisad, formis mixedviT gamoyofen ori tipis kiTxvebs _ Rias da daxuruls.

pasuxi daxurul kiTxvaze xSir SemTxvevaSi saga-kveTilo masalaSia mocemuli. zogjer iTvaliswinebs mxolod dadebiTi an uaryofiTi pasuxis gacemas (`ki~ an `ara~).

II.1. nimuSi 1.•arisTuaraferwerulnawarmoebSigamoyenebuli

kontrastuli ferebi? •asrulebdaTuaraganmsazRvrelrolsreligia

Zveli egvi ptis xelovnebaSi?

32 33

SesaZlebelia daxuruli kiTxvis teqstSi winaswar iyos mocemuli pasuxebis arCevani da moswavlem mxolod erTi, swori pasuxi unda SearCios.

II.1. nimuSi 2.

ras niSnavs sityva `restavracia?1. aRdgenas;2. axlis Seqmnas; 3. Secvlas.

saoqromWedlo saxelosnos kvali aRmoCenilia1. armazSi;2. vanSi;3. TrialeTSi.

Ria kiTxvis pasuxi ar aris pirdapir mocemuli sagakveTilo masalaSi. moswavles eZleva sruli Tavi-sufleba sakuTari mosazrebis gamosaTqmelad, versiebis wamosayeneblad.

II.1. nimuSi 3.

•rogorfiqrobT,romelisuraTiaSeqmniliplen-erze? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.

•rainformaciismiRebaaSesaZlebeliyofiTiJan-ris nimuSidan?

• ra mizniTaa gamoyenebuli Suq-Crdilisa da ga-naTebis SesaZleblobebi am namuSevarSi?

•ramosazrebiTirCevsmxatvariferwerulteqni-kas namuSevris Sesaqmnelad?

•xelovnebisromelidargissawyisebsxedavTTri-aleTis vercxlis Tasze mocemul siuJetSi?

•ramniSvnelobaaqvsarqeologiasxelovnebisSes-wavlisaTvis?

•raroliSeasrulaqvacxelassacxovrisisCamo-yalibebaSi xis masalis gamoyenebam?

•ratomgvxvdebaaRmosavluriwignisminiaturebSi,mxatvrobis sxva dargebisagan gansxvavebiT, adamianTa gamosaxulebebi, siuJeturi kompoziciebi?

•ramganapirobasxvadasxvareligiissalocavebisTanaarseboba Cvens dedaqalaqSi?

daxuruli kiTxvebi gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac mo-swavle ukve flobs pasuxis gasacemad saWiro informa-cias, Ria kiTxvebs ki maSin, rodesac saWiroa sruliad axali informaciis gamoyeneba/versiis wamoyeneba.

amgvarad, azrovnebis amoqmedebaSi moswavles exmare-ba garkveuli saxiT miwodebuli informacia. efeqturi swavlisa da swavlebisaTvis mniSvnelovania informaciis miwodebis im konkretuli formebis gamoyeneba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs azrovnebis ganviTarebas. am Tvalsaz-risiT sayuradReboa d. perkinsis e.w. `Teoria erTi~,1 romlis mixedviTac informaciis myarad aTvisebas xels uwyobs Semdegi faqtorebi:

•mkafioinformacia;•gaazrebulipraqtika;•gamoxmaureba,racgulisxmobsrCevebsadaSefasebas

Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad;•ZlieriSinaganidagareganimotivacia.

1 Perkins, D. (1992). Smart Schools: Better thinking and learning for every child. NY: The free press.

34 35

II.1. nimuSi 4.

tradiciuli meTodebiT swavlebisas aRorZinebis xanis xelovnebis Seswavlisas maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania moswavleebma aRniSnon, Tu romel is-toriul periods moicavs renesansis xana, ra maxa-siaTeblebiT gamoirCeva, vin arian umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenlebi da a.S. efeqturi swavlebisaTvis mniSvnelovania moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. Sesabamisad, maswavleblisaTvis mniS-vnelovania ara mxolod aRniSnul xanasTan dakav-Sirebuli informaciis aTviseba, aramed moswavleTa mier imis gacnobierebac, Tu ram ganapiroba siaxlee-bi xelovnebis (da ara mxolod) sferoSi, anu im winamZRvrebis gansazRvra, romelTac ganapirobes am udidesi mniSvnelobis epoqis Taviseburebebi. am Sem-TxvevaSi mniSvnelovani xdeba kiTxvebi ara mxolod `ra~, `rodis~ da `sad~, aramed `ratom~. moswavlee-bi cdiloben sakiTxis ganxilvas farTo _ isto-riul, religiur, kulturul _ konteqstSi. gar-da amisa, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs ara mxolod ZiriTadi saswavlo masalis analizs, ar-amed informaciis damoukideblad moZiebas, faqtebisa da movlenebis Sepirispirebas, paralelebis gavle-bas, garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebas. TavisTavad, am kuTxiT mniSvnelovani xdeba interdisci plinaru-li kavSirebis amoqmedebac (istoria, literatura, musika, bunebismcodneoba da sxv.), agreTve moswavlis mier damoukideblad, sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli TemasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri saxis informa-ciis gaanalizebisa da argumentirebuli daskvnebis gakeTebis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena.

perkinsis Teoriis amoqmedebisaTvis saTanado mniS-vnelobas iZens iseTi meTodebis gamoyeneba, romlebic sayuradReboa moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivaciis Tval-sazrisiT. esenia:

didaqtikuri meTodi. aRniSnuli meTodi iTvaliswinebs informaciis miwodeba moswavleebisaTvis dialogis formiT xdeba. maswavlebels cnebis asaxsnelad mohyavs magaliTebi, amyarebs kavSirs axal da Zvel cnebebs So-ris. informaciis gacvlis procesSi saswavlo proce-sis orive mxare _ maswavlebelic da moswavlec monaw-ileobs codnis agebis procesSi. ase magaliTad:

• didaqtikuri meTodis gamoyenebisas maswavlebelisTxovs moswavleebs gakveTilis mTavari sakiTxebis, faqtebis, movlenebis gaxsenebas;

• sTavazobs maT, wakiTxuli an mosmenili informa-ciis sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocemas;

•mohyavsmravalmxrivimagaliTebiaxalicnebisax-snisas;

• sakuTari mosazrebebis garda ganixilavs sxvebismosazrebebsac;

•axalimasalisaxsnisadaganmtkicebismizniTiy-enebs sxvadasxvagvar aqtivobas (eqsperimenti, damatebiTi informaciis moZieba-gamoyeneba da sxv.).

sokratuli meTodi. aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli ar awodebs moswavleebs aranair infor-macias, svams ara informaciul, aramed problebur kiTx-vebs, romelTa saSualebiTac moswavleebi damoukideblad midian problemis gadawyvetamde. moswavleebi msjeloben dasmuli problemis irgvliv, ayeneben sakuTar versiebs, aanalizeben Tanaklaselebis argumentebs.

36 37

keTebiT swavleba. am meTodis gamoyenebisas mas-wavlebeli moswavleebs awvdis naTel da mkafio in-struqcias eqsperimentisaTvis, romlis procesSi ganx-orcielebuli qmedebebic xels Seuwyobs moswavleebs axali codnis aTvisebasa Tu konkretuli unaris gan-viTarebaSi. keTebiT swavlebis meTodis gamoyenebis dros moswavleebi ara mxolod gamocdilebiT swavlas euflebian, rac Tavis mxriv mniSvnelovan efeqtzea gaTvlili, aramed iyeneben axal cnebebs, damoukideblad akeTeben saTanado daskvnebs, rac zrdis motivacias ax-ali masalisadmi, amasTan, moswavleebi ukeT acnobiere-ben konkretul sakiTxs/Temas.

TanamSromlobiTi (socialuri) swavlebis meTodis gamoy-eneba iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa CarTvas TanamSrom-lobiT saqmianobaSi (jgufuri muSaoba), rodesac isini erToblivad muSaoben mocemul amocanaze, eZieben misi gadaWris gzebs, akeTeben daskvnebs, asabuTeben sakuTar mosazrebebs, gamoxataven erTobliv gadawyvetilebas, azrs, ideas, versias Tanaklaselebis winaSe. jgufuri muSaoba xels uwyobs cnebiTi, abstraqtuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, uzrunvelyofs motivaciis gazrdasa da pozitiuri damokidebulebis formirebas zogadad, sas-wavlo procesisadmi. amasTan, aviTarebs TanamSromlo-biT urTierTobebs, komunikaciur da socialur unar-Cvevebs.

moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebi-saTvis, mniSvnelovania maTi CarTva mravalferovan aq-tivobebSi. am TvalsazrisiT saTanado datvirTvas iZens moswavleTa mier sakuTari azrovnebis procesebis gac-nobierebac. arsebobs mravali aRiarebuli strategia,

romlebic xels uwyoben gacnobierebul swavlebas, az-rovnebas sakuTari azrovnebis Sesaxeb. zogierTi maT-ganisaTvis ganmsazRvrel mniSvnelobas iZens mTeli rigi saTanado kiTxvebis dasma, romlebze pasuxis gacemisas moswavle ukeT acnobierebs sakuTar muSaobas (dagegmva, warmarTva, Sefaseba), sakuTari azrovnebis ganviTarebis miRwevebsa da naklovan mxareebs.

moswavlis saazrovno (kognituri) unar-Cvevebis gan-viTarebis sxvadasxva saxis klasifikaciaTagan, romelTa mizanicaa moswavlis azrovnebis aqtivacia, saswavlo procesisaTvis gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens blumis taqsonomia.

zogadad, taqsonomia klasifikaciis principebis struqturas warmoadgens (sityva `taqsonomia~ Tanmim-devrobiT dalagebis kanonzomierebas aRniSnavs). blumis mixedviT, azrovnebis unari eqvs doned iyofa, romlebic safexurebad aris ganlagebuli. yoveli momdevno done azrovnebis ganviTarebis SedarebiT maRal safexurs war-moadgens, amasTan moicavs erT an ramdenime wina dones.

blumis taqsonomia

18

Tavi meore blumis taqsonomia da misi gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinebSi

arsebobs sxvadasxva saazrovno (SemecnebiTi) unarebis klasifika-ciebi, romelTa codnac daexmareba maswavlebels, ukeT dagegmos swav-lebis procesi da moaxdinos moswavlis azrovnebis aqtivacia.

aq ganvixilavT erT-erT maTgans. blumis saazrovno (kognituri) unarebis ganviTarebis taqsonomia Seiqmna specialurad ganaTlebis miznebisaTvis. zogadad, taqsonomia aris klasifikaciis principebis nakrebi an struqtura. blumis (Bloom, et al, 1956) mixedviT, azrovnebis an Semecnebis unari eqvs doned SeiZleba daiyos. es doneebia: codna, gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba. azrovnebis es donee-bi safexurebad aris ganlagebuli, sadac yoveli momdevno done ufro rTuldeba da moicavs erT an ramdenime wina dones. codna, gageba da gamoyeneba qveda doneSi moiazreba, xolo analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba ki – zeda doneSi.

blumis saazrovno unarebis klasifikacia sqematurad Semdegi sax-iT SeiZleba warmovidginoT (ix. nax #@@#@#1: blumis taqsonomia );

Sefaseba

sinTezi

analizi

gamoyeneba

gageba

codna

ganvixiloT es doneebi cal-calke:

codna niSnavs raimes Sesaxeb informaciis qonas da raime saqmis an moqmedebis Sesasruleblad saWiro xerxebis flobas.

b. blumis mixedviT, codna ganixileba, rogorc azrovnebis qveda donis unar-Cveva da masSi igulisxmeba:

• faqtebis, wesebis, principebis, Teoriebis, TariRebis, proces-

38 39

ganvixiloT TiToeuli zemoaRniSnuli done:codna, blumis mixedviT, azrovnebis qveda donis unar-

Cvevaa. es done gulisxmobs:•faqtebis,TariRebis,wesebis,stilis,movlenebisada

a.S. cnobasa da dasaxelebas;• terminologiis, konkretuli monacemebis, proce-

durebis codnas;•audio,vizualuridagrafikuliinformaciisdam-

axsovrebasa da gaxsenebas zusti an msgavsi formiT.

gageba, iseve rogorc codna, azrovnebis qveda donis unar-Cvevaa da gulisxmobs:

•faqtebis,TariRebis,wesebis,stilis,movlenebisadaa.S. sakuTari sityvebiT aRweras;

•teqstisZiriTadiazrisgadmocemassakuTarisi-tyvebiT;

•pasuxisgacemasteqstisSinaarsisgagebazemimar-Tul kiTxvaze;

•audio,vizualuridagrafikuliinformaciiserTiformidan meoreSi gadatanas;

•SesabamisimagaliTebismoyvanas;•sagnebis,movlenebis,procesebis,stilisTvalsaCino

niSniT daxarisxebasa da dajgufebas.

gamoyeneba, wina ori donis msgavsad, azrovnebis qveda donis unar-Cvevaa da gulisxmobs:

•codnisgamoyenebasgansxvavebulkonteqstSi;•samuSaosSesrulebasmodelis(nimuSis)mixedviT;•konkretuliprocedurisganxorcielebas.

analizi, blumis mixediT, azrovnebis zeda donis un-ar-Cvevaa, romlis drosac xdeba mTliani sagnis calke

nawilebis, Tvisebebis gamoyofa da gulisxmobs:• masalis (nawarmoebis, struqturis) Semadgenel

nawilebad dayofas, nawilebis Sedareba-Sepirispirebas, maT Soris kavSiris danaxvas;

•movlenismizezisaxsnas;•mizezebsadaSedegebsSoriskavSirebisdadgenas.

sinTezi, romelic blumis mixedviT azrovnebis zeda donis unar-Cvevaa, analizis sawinaaRmdego process war-moadgens _ calkeuli elementebis gonebaSi gaerTiane-bas (axali struqturuli mTlianobis saxiT calkeuli nawilebisagan axali mTlianobis Sedgena) da gulisxmobs:

•SemoqmedebiTiproduqtisSeqmnas;•problemisgadaWrisalternatiuligzebiswamoy-

enebas;•kvlevis/referatisdagegmvas;• problemis gadaWrisaTvis saWiro moqmedebebis

dagegmvas;•axaliproduqtis(inteleqtualurianmaterial-

uri) Seqmnas.

Sefaseba, rogorc azrovnebis zeda donis unar-Cveva, gulisxmobs:

raimeze msjelobas an daskvnebis gamotanas arCeul kriteriumebze, pirobebze da a.S. dayrdnobiT. kerZod:

• sakuTari poziciis (arCevanis) argumentirebuldasabuTebas;

• daskvnebis gakeTebas garkveul kriteriumebzedayrdnobiT;

• problemis gadaWris ramdenime gzidan erT-erTisarCevis marTebulobis dasabuTebas;

• mtkicebulebis (magaliTad, prezentaciis) mniS-

40 41

vnelovnebis dasabuTebas;•monacemebisadadaskvnebisSesabamisobisdadgenas.AganvixiloT azrovnebis sxvadasxva donis aqtivaciis

nimuSebi xelovnebis gakveTilze.

II.1. nimuSi 5.

codna scadeT, amoicnoT mocemul nimuSebSi gamoyenebu-li Tbili da civi ferebi.

gageba rogor ferebs gamoiyenebdiT zamTris peizaJis Seqmnisas? Semodgomis peizaJisTvis?

gamoyeneba survilisamebr, daxateT zamTris an Semodgomis peizaJi da gamoiyeneT saTanado ferebi (civi an Tbili).

analizi isaubreT nawarmoebze masSi gamoyenebuli fe-rebis kuTxiT.

sinTezi scadeT, gadmosceT TqvenTvis sasurveli ganwyo-bileba (magaliTad, sixaruli, sevda), risTvisac gamoiyenebT civ an Tbil ferebs.

Sefaseba aRwereT namuSevari, imsjeleT masSi gamoyenebul ferebze, gadmoeciT Tqveni damokidebuleba da daasabuTeT, ram SegiqmnaT esa Tu is ganwyoba.

tradiciulad, saskolo praqtikaSi aqcentirebuli

iyo azrovnebis qveda doneebis unar-Cvevebis (codna, gageba, gamoyeneba) ganviTareba. rac Seexeba zeda donis unar-Cvevebs, am mimarTulebiT maswavleblebi garkveul sirTuleebs awydebian, ramdenadac tradiciuli swavleba ar iyo orientirebuli aRniSnuli doneebis ganviTare-baze (analizi, sinTezi, Sefaseba).

azrovnebis zeda doneebis aqtivaciam saTanado mniS-vneloba SeiZina pirovnebaze orientirebul saswavlo

procesSi, rac ganxorcielebadia mxolod mizanmimar-Tuli meToduri xerxebis gamoyenebiT. ase magaliTad, Tu moswavlisaTvis rTulia dasmuli amocanis gadaWra, mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili e.w. dama-zustebeli SekiTxvebis dasma. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi amgvari kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebels SeuZlia qveda donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebidan nabij-nabij Seu-wyos xeli azrovnebis maRali doneebis amoqmedebas.

II.1. nimuSi 6. analizis doneze orientirebuli damazustebeli

SekiTxvebis nimuSi

1. aRwereT mocemuli nawarmoebi. gageba

2. rogor STabeWdilebas axdens Tqvenze es suraTi da ratom?

gamoyeneba/ anal-izi

3. gamoTqviT azri, ra kavSiria suraTze gamosaxul sagnebs Soris.

analizi

4. rogor fiqrobT, ra Canafiqri hqonda avtors?

analizi

II.1. nimuSi 7. sinTezis doneze orientirebuli damazustebeli

SekiTxvebis nimuSi

1. daasaxeleT mcire plastikis nimuSebi-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.

gageba

2. dafiqrdiT, ras gamoZerwavT? gamoyeneba

3. romel saxasiaTo niSnebs gamoyofT Tqvens namuSevarSi?

analizi

4. ra masalas SearCevT Canafiqris gansax-orcieleblad?

sinTezi

42 43

II.1. nimuSi 8. Sefasebis doneze orientirebuli damazustebeli

SekiTxvebis nimuSi

1. aRwereT mocemuli namuSevari. codna/gageba

2. ra masala gamoiyena mxatvarma? gageba/gamoyeneba

3. rogor fiqrobT, realuri samyaros su-raTia Tu avtoris fantaziiT Seqmnili?

analizi

4. ra saxasiaTo niSnebia xazgasmuli namu-SevarSi?

analizi

5. Seesatyviseba Tu ara avtoris mier Ser-Ceuli masala mis Canafiqrs?

Sefaseba

6. gamoxateT Tqveni damokidebuleba moce-muli namuSevrisadmi.

Sefaseba

unari adamianis Tandayolili SesaZleblobaa, ro-melic mxolod SesaZleblobis, potencialis saxiTaa mocemuli. garkveuli unar-Cvevis ganviTareba mxolod saTanado moqmedebebis safuZvelze aris SesaZlebeli. unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba etapobrivad xdeba, risTvisac moswavlem garkveuli etapebi unda gaiaros.

gamoyofen unar-Cvevis ganviTarebis sam fazas: 1. wvdomis faza. am etapze mniSvnelovania Sesaswavli

operaciis wvdoma, Secnoba, gageba;

2. aTvisebis. anu gavarjiSebis faza, romelic iTval-iswinebs pirvel etapze gagebuli operaciis/informa-ciis procedurulad gamoyenebas. Sesabamisad, yuradReba mimarTulia konkretuli operaciis aTvisebaze da ara kompleqsuri davalebis Sesrulebaze sxva, damatebiTi informaciiTa da operaciiT;

3. avtomatizaciis anu dauflebis faza. am etapze mo-swavlis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia unar-Cvevis gamoyenebaze konteqstis Sesabamisad.

xSir SemTxvevaSi, rodesac davaleba kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa, ikveTeba ormagi mizani, romelTaganac erTi mimarTulia aRqma-gagebaze, meore ki _ Seqmna-warmoebaze. ase magaliTad, xelovnebis gakveTilze moswavlem unda imsjelos konkretuli Janris/stilis mimarTulebis ni-muSze, Semdeg ki damoukideblad Seqmnas amave Janris/stilis/mimarTulebis namuSevari.

maswavleblis winaSe dgeba problema, romelic man unda gadawyvitos. kerZod, rogor uzrunvelyos Tanmim-devruli da efeqturi svla aRqma-gagebidan Seqmnamde. amisaTvis mniSvnelovania Semdegi:

• mkafiodganisazRvros,ra produqtiundaSeqmnasmoswavlem mesame fazaSi;

•racodnadaunar-CvevebidasWirdebamasdasaxu-li miznis misaRwevad (daiSalos kompleqsuri xasiaTis mizani qvemiznebad);

•mxolodamisSemdegganisazRvrebasaswavlomizne-bi da Sesabamisi aqtivobebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas pirvel da meore fazaSi.

aRqma-gagebidan Seqmnamde Tanmimdevruli svlis uz-runvelyofis nimuSebi:

II.1. nimuSi 9.

klasi: III. gakveTilis Tema: ferebis borbali.mocemuloba: kontrastuli ferebis gacnoba.davaleba: xatva damoukideblad SerCeul Temaze kon-

trastuli ferebis gamoyenebiT.

44 45

I. wvdomis fazamoswavleebi ecnobian ferebis borbals, amoicnoben da asax-eleben ZiriTad da Sedgenil ferebs, `aRmoaCenen~ da asax-

eleben kontrastul ferebs.

II. aTvisebis, anu gavarjiSebis fazamoswavleebi wyvilSi/jgufurad muSaoben saerTo forma-tze, qmnian martiv gamosaxulebebs mxolod kontrastuli ferebis gamoyenebiT. an moswavleebi ganixilaven ferweris nimuSebs, aRniSnaven, romel maTganSi romeli kontrastuli ferebia gamoyenebuli da ra STabeWdilebas axdens maTze.

III. avtomatizaciis, anu dauflebis fazamoswavleebi damoukideblad irCeven Temebs namuSevrisaTvis da sakuTari Canafiqris Sesabamisad iyeneben kontrastul

ferebs.

II.1. nimuSi 10.

klasi: VII. gakveTilis Tema: vulkanis ferflSi da-marxuli qalaqi.

mocemuloba: informaciis gacnoba Zveli romauli qa-laqis _ pompeis istoriaze, xelovnebasa da tragikul aRsasrulze.

davaleba: moswavleebi damoukideblad irCeven da as-ruleben davalebas gakveTilze miRebuli STabeWdile-bebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

I. wvdomis faza moswavleebi ecnobian sagakveTilo masalas

(informacia da vizualuri nimuSebi). maswavlebeli svams kiTxvebs, romlebic I da II donis unar-Cvevebis

gamovlenazea orientirebuli.

II. aTvisebis, anu gavarjiSebis fazamoswavleebi uziareben erTmaneTs gakveTilze miRebul

STabeWdilebebs da ganixilaven sxvadasxva versias imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra saxis namuSevrebis Seqmnas isurvebdnen gakveTilis Temaze, amasTan, asabuTeben sakuTar mosazrebebs,

survilisamebr, akeTeben eskizebs, romelTac aseveerToblivad ganixilaven.

III. avtomatizaciis, anu dauflebis fazamoswavleebi sakuTari Canafiqris Sesabamisad irCeven

Temas/siuJets, masalas, teqnikas da asruleben praqtikul samu Saos. magaliTad, vulkanis amofrqvevis scenas, pompeis moednis Canaxats saTanado arqiteqturuli detalebis

gamoyenebiT, mozaikas pompeiSi aRmoCenili nimuSebs stilSi da sxv.

azrovnebis sxvadasxva doneze gamavali savarjiSoe-bis/davalebebis Sesaqmnelad gavrcelebulia sxvadasxva meTodi, romelTa gamoyenebac daexmareba maswavlebels sasurveli Sedegebis miRwevaSi. ganvixiloT sqemebi, rom-lebSic mocemulia sakvanZo sityvebi (moqmedebis aRm-

46 47

niSvneli saxelebi), romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac Sesa-Zlebelia TiToeuli donis Sesatyvisi SekiTxvebisa da Sesabamisi aqtivobebis dagegmva.

codna

gaimeore, CamoTvale, daasaxele, aRwere, amoicani, gaixsene.

II.1. nimuSi 11.

•CamoTvale,rogorixazebiaSenTviscnobili;

•daasaxeleZiriTadidaSedgeniliferebi;

•aRweresuraTi,romelmacgansakuTrebiTdagainteresa;

•gaixsene,rasuwodebensagnisformisgamomsaxvelxazs;

• amoicani, romeli nimuSi warmoadgens Canaxats,romeli _ dasrulebul namuSevars;

•gaixsene,rasniSnavssityva`monotipia~.

• amoicani da daasaxele mocemul suraTze gamo-yenebuli kontrastuli ferebi;

• amoicani mocemul suraTze weliwadis dro dadRe-Ramis monakveTi.

gageba

sakuTari sityvebiT axseni, daaxasiaTe, ganmarte, moiyvane maga liTebi, Seadare, daajgufe, ivaraude, Seajame, gaakeTe

interpretacia.

II.1. nimuSi 12.

• Seadare erTmaneTs akvareliTa da guaSiT Ses-rulebuli peizaJis nimuSebi da gauziare azri amx-anagebs;

•scadeimisaxsna,TuramdenadmniSvnelovaniaRa-mis peizaJisaTvis Sesabamisi fonis SerCeva;

•daaxasiaTemocemulisuraTiskoloriti;

•SeadaremocemulisuraTebidascadeaRmoaCinomxolod ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi;

• Seni sityvebiT ganmarte, riT gansxvavdeba re-liefi mrgvali qandakebisagan;

• moiyvane nimuSebi,romlebSicsivrcegadmocemu-lia xazovani perspeqtivis meSveobiT;

•gamoTqviTmosazreba,rasaxisinformaciismiRe-baa SesaZlebeli yofiTi Janris namuSevrebidan;

• daajgufeT mocemuli nimuSebi JanruliTavise-burebebis mixedviT;

•daakvirdiTnimuSebsdascadeT,amoicnoTZvelisamyaros romeli kulturis kuTvnilebaa TiToeuli maTgani. daasabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba.

gamoyeneba

moamzade, gaakeTe, daakavSire, ganaxorciele, Seqmeni sqema, moaxdine klasificireba, demonstrireba, ilustrireba.

48 49

II.1. nimuSi 13.

•scade,SeqmnaTanaklaselisportreti,romelSicgadmoscem misTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, xasiaTs;

•gaixseneTZveliegvi ptisxelovnebisnimuSebidaSeqmeniT namuSevrebi Zvelegviptur stilSi;

•daakvirdiTeskimosebisadaindielebispiqtogr-amebs da SeqmeniT mxiaruli naxatebi, romelTa saSu-alebiTac saxaliso ambebs mouyvebiT amxanagebs;

• gaakeTeT Canaxatebi, romlebSic sagnebis formamkveTrad gamoiyofa fonisagan;

•SeqmeniTferTagradaciissqema;•SeadareTerTmaneTsZvelixelnaweridaTaname-

drove nabeWdi wignebis mxatvruli gaformeba da aRniSneT maTi saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi;

•gamoavlineTfantaziadagaakeTeTraimeniSniTgamorCeuli, uCveulo formebis mqone nagebobebis es-kizebi.

analizi

Seadare, ganasxvave, gamoikvlie, dayavi kategoriebad, gaaana-lize, aRniSne saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, avtoris

mizani.

II.1. nimuSi 14.

• SeadareT peizaJis TqvenTvis cnobili nimuSebiZveli CineTis ferweris nimuSebs da aRniSneT ganmasx-vavebeli niSnebi;

•damoukidebladairCieTdaSeadareTSuasauku-neebisa da renesansis xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebi;

•rogorfiqrobT,raSeadgendamatisismizans_suraTis Sinaarsi Tu ferebis saSualebiT misTvis sa-surveli STabeWdilebis Seqmna?

•SearCieSemodgomispeizaJisSesatyvisiliter-aturuli nawarmoebi da gaaanalize, ra saSualebebiT gadmoicema ganwyobileba literaturul nawarmoebsa da saxviTi xelovnebis nimuSSi.

•ganixileTpeizaJismocemulinimuSebidadayaviTimis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor aris maTSi gadmoce-muli sivrce;

•gaaanalizeTmocemulinimuSimasSigamoyenebuligamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis TvalsazrisiT da daakav-SireT avtoris CanafiqrTan.

sinTezi

Seqmeni, dagegme, ganazogade, Teoriulad Camoayalibe, wamoayene hipoTeza/versiebi, gamoTqvi varaudi, warmoidgine,

formulireba mieci.

II.1. nimuSi 15.

•airCieTepoqa,kultura,mxatvrulimimarTuleba,romelic gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa TqvenTvis, dageg-meT da ganaxorcieleT kvleva (mravalmxrivi masalis moZieba, analizi, daskvnebis gakeTeba-dasabuTeba), rom-lis Sedegebsac warmoadgenT TqvenTvis sasurveli sax-iT _ stendi, saklaso gazeTi, bukleti an sxv.;

• warmoidgineT, rom proeqtis farglebSi amx-anagebTan erTad unda dagegmoT aqcia Temaze: `adamiani da samyaro~ da gaakeTeT sareklamo bukletis maketi;

50 51

•TqvenmierSerCeuliepoqis,kulturis,mxatvru-li mimdinareobis yofiTi Janris namuSevris safuZvel-ze SeqmeniT scenari, moifiqreT dialogebi, gansazRvreT mizanscenebi, Semdeg ki `gaacocxleT~ epoqa warmodge-naSi Sesabamisi mxatvruli gaformebiT;

• dawereT ese Temaze: `Tbilisi _ qalaqi kul-turaTa gzajvaredinze~;

•CamoayalibeTromanulidaguTuristilisdam-axasiaTebeli ramdenime niSani;

•miRebuliinformaciissafuZvelzeSeadareTSuasaukuneebis qalaqi antikurs (magaliTad, roms, pompeis), gaiTvaliswineT nagebobebis saxeobebi, daniSnuleba da a.S. da gaakeTeT saTanado daskvnebi;

•wamoayeneTversiebiimasTandakavSirebiT,Turafaqtorebi ganapirobebs kulturaTa Soris dialogs warsulSi da dRes;

•ganixileTimpresionistebismierSeqmnilinamu-Sevrebi da gamoTqviT varaudi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra mizniT SeeZloT maT gamoeyenebinaT fotografiis SesaZleblobebi.

Sefaseba

imsjele, gansaje, daasabuTe, daaskveni, gaakeTe arCevani, gaakritike, miiRe gadawyvetileba, Seajame.

II.1. nimuSi 16.

•imsjeleT,raarqiteqturuliformebisCamoyali-beba ganapiroba Zvelegvipturi religiis Tavisebure-bebma;

• SeafaseT kretas xelovnebis warmodgenili ni-muSebis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi;

• mocemuli ferweruli namuSevrebis safuZvelzeimsjeleT, rogor aisaxeba maTSi epoqis niSnebi;

• gakveTilze miRebuli informaciis safuZvelzeimsjeleT XVII saukunis holandiuri ferweris Tema-tikaze da im mxatvrul amocanebze, romelTa gadawyvet-asac fermwerebi isaxavdnen miznad;

•gaixseneTvelaskesisnamuSevrebidaCamoayalibeTTqveni mosazreba kompoziciuri gadawyvetis originalo-basa da ferwerul Taviseburebebze mis SemoqmedebaSi;

•TqvenTviscnobilimuzeumebismagaliTzegamoTq-viT azri muzeumebisa da samxatvro galereebis mniS-vnelobaze sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi, maT saganmanaTleblo rolze;

•gamoTqviTazribeWdviTigrafikisSesaZleblo-bebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaSi;

•gansajeTcitataSigadmocemulimosazrebismar-Tebuloba.

blumis taqsonomiis Sesabamisad, mocemuli zmnebi mniS-vnelovania maswavleblis mier mizanmimarTulad gansaz-Rvruli SekiTxvebis, saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCevisa da gamoyenebisaTvis. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, maswavleblebi saswavlo praqtikaSi ufro metad orientirebuli arian dabali donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze. im-isaTvis, rom moswavleebi gascdnen codnisa da gagebis, zogjer, gamoyenebis doneebs, SeZlon SeZenili codnis gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyeneba (transferi), kriti-kuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, aucilebelia zeda donis saazrovno unarebis amoqmedeba. am mizniT sayuradReboa, rom maswav-

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lebelma SeZlos kiTxvebis klasifikacia, anu gamijnos erTmaneTisagan azrovnebis qveda da zeda doneebis asamo-qmedebeli SekiTxvebi da Semdeg SeZlos maTi adekvaturi gamoyeneba. zeda doneebze orientirebuli SekiTxvebi xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciisa da interesebis gazrdas, axali codnis dakavSirebas maT cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan, SeZenil codnas, RirebulebebTan.

kiTxvebis efeqturad dasmisa da arsebiTi Sedegebis miRwevis mizniT, mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra mizans isaxavs maswavlebeli, ra donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebis amoqmedebazea orientirebuli. aRniSnulis Se-sabamisad igi axdens SekiTxvebis mkafio formulirebas, iTvaliswinebs, rom ganxilul SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili ara daxuruli, aramed Ria SekiTxvebis dasma, romlebic iTxovs vrcel, dasa-buTebul Sinaarsobriv pasuxebs.

sasurvelia, maswavleblis mier winaswar iyos gansaz-Rvruli TiToeuli kiTxvis savaraudo pasuxi, agreTve gaTvaliswinebul iqnes moswavlisaTvis Tavisuflebis micemis SesaZlebloba, raTa maT gamoavlinon damoukide-beli msjelobis, ideebis, versiebis wamoyenebis, dasab-uTebis, analizis, Sefasebis unar-Cvevebi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs saWiro miniSnebebs, svams damazustebel SekiTxvebs, axdens rTu-li amocanis qveamocanebad dayofas, sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad Camoinacvlebs saazrovno unar-Cvevebis erTi an ori doniT qvemoT da sxv.

yovelive aRniSnulis realizeba saswavlo procesSi xels uwyobs moswavleebs saazrovno unar-Cvevebis gan-viTarebaSi, maswavlebels ki erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da sagnobrivi standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miR-wevaSi.

II.2. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba

erT-erT aqtiur teqnologias problemaze dafuZneb-uli swavleba warmoadgens, romelic iTvaliswinebs arastandartuli situaciebis, amocanebis gadawyvet-as. problemuri swavlebis procesSi moswavleebi da-moukideblad iTviseben axal codnasa da unar-Cvevebs. am strategiis praqtikul Rirebulebas u.y. gansazRvravs yuradRebis, dakvirvebulobis, azrovnebis da SemecnebiTi aqtivobis, agreTve damoukideblobis, kritikulobisa da TviTkritikulobis, azrovnebis arastandartulobis gan-viTareba. garda amisa, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, problemuri swavleba uzrunvelyofs SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebas, ramdenadac moswavle mas iZens damoukide-blad. garda amisa, aq moqmedebs, rogorc fsiqologebi uwodeben, `dausrulebeli moqmedebis efeqti~, romlis arsic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: problemuri swavleba daka-vSirebulia kvleva-ZiebasTan, Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs davalebis Sesrulebas, rac droSia ganfenili. moswavle/moswavleebi saTanado, ufro xangrZlivi drois ganmav-lobaSi fiqroben masze, vidre ar gadawyveten / ar Seas-ruleben. swored am dausruleblobis Sesabamisad xdeba myari, funqciuri codnisa da unar-Cvevebis formireba.

problemuri swavleba moswavlis damoukideblobis ganviTarebazea orientirebuli. aRniSnuli midgomis ZiriTad ideas warmoadgens saswavlo procesSi Semec-nebiTi saswavlo amocanebisa da davalebebis gadawyveta, romlebic moswavles/moswavleebs aqtiuri Semmecneblis rolSi ayenebs, ramdenadac igi ver gadawyvets prob-lemas mxolod SeZenili codnis safuZvelze. proble-mis gadasawyvetad moswavle mimarTavs TviTganaTlebas (damatebiTi resursis moZieba, damuSaveba da a.S.) da

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mxolod Semdeg zrunavs problemis gadaWris gzebsa da saSualebebze. amgvarad, problemuri swavlebis safuZv-els Seadgens problemuri kiTxvebi, amocanebi, davalebebi, situaciebi.

problemuri kiTxva ar iTvaliswinebs SeZenili codnis mxolod gaxsenebasa da gadmocemas, moswavles ara aqvs masze mza pasuxi da igi am pasuxs damoukideblad eZiebs, ikvlevs.

problemuri amocana saswavlo masalis organizaciis formaa winaswar cnobili pirobiTa da ucnobi monaceme-biT. am monacemebis Zieba iTvaliswinebs aqtiur saazrov-no moqmedebebs, faqtebis analizs, obieqtebis warmoSobis mizezebisa da maTi mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis garkve-vas. amgvari amocanis gadawyveta SesaZlebelia ganxor-cieldes sxvadasxva saxiT. magaliTad, sityvieri gansjis, praqtikuli saqmianobis an sxva formiT.

problemuri davaleba iTvaliswinebs konkretul miTiTebebs moswavleebisaTvis damoukidebeli saZiebo-SemecnebiTi saqmianobisaTvis. miTiTebebi mimarTulia aucilebeli Sedegis miRebaze. problemuri davalebebi sruldeba Ziebis, SeTxzvis, gamogonebis, eqsperimentis, modelirebisa da sxva formebis saxiT.

problemuri situacia _ es aris moswavleebisa-Tvis gonebrivi sirTuleebis Seqmnis mdgomareoba, rac gamowveulia maT mier aTvisebuli codnisa da moqmedebis xerxebis ukmarisobiT SemecnebiTi amocanis, davalebis an saswavlo problemis gadasaWrelad.

problemuri situaciebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis iyos:1. moswavleebs ar SeuZliaT upasuxon problemur

kiTxvas an gadawyviton dasmuli amocana;2. moswavleebi floben Zvel codnas, rac ar aris

sakmarisi dasmuli amocanis gadasaWrelad;

3. iqmneba Seusabamoba Teoriuli codnis safuZvelze problemis SesaZlo gadawyvetasa da praqtikuli gziT ganuxorcieleblobas Soris;

4. praqtikuli gziT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi iqm-neba Seusabamoba Teoriuli codnis ukmarisobasTan.

zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT problemuri situa-ciebis gadawyvetis efeqturoba damokidebulia Semdeg ZiriTad etapebze:

1. sayrdeni codnisa da moqmedebis xerxebis aqtuali-zacia;

2. axali codnisa da moqmedebis xerxebis aTviseba;3. maTi gamoyeneba da unar-Cvevebis formireba.

tradiciul saskolo praqtikaSi problemuri swav-lebis principi gamoiyeneboda rogorc Ziebis imitacia, rodesac maswavlebelma winaswar icoda moswavleTa mier misaRwevi Sedegi da mizanmimarTulad mihyavda swor pa-suxamde, versiamde, daskvnebamde. Tanamedrove saswavlo procesSi am midgomis bevrad garTulebuli varianti gamoiyeneba, rodesac saganmanaTleblo produqti ucnobia rogorc moswavlisTvis, ise maswavleblisTvis.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, moswavlesa da Sedegze orien-tirebul saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo-bas iZens saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. gamoyofen rogorc martiv (informaciis damaxsovreba, faqtebis gax-seneba da sxv.), ise rTul (kritikuli azrovneba, prob-lemis gadaWra, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba da sxv.) Sem-ecnebiT unar-Cvevebs. rTuli SemecnebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens problemaze dafuZnebuli swavleba, rac produq-tiul process warmoadgens, xels uwyobs axali codnis damoukideblad SeZenas. TavisTavad azrovneba Semecnebis

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saganTan adamianis uwyvet urTierTqmedebas efuZneba da moicavs analizsa da sinTezs, abstrahirebasa da ganzo-gadebas. garegan zemoqmedebas azrovnebis procesis Sede-gebze gansazRvravs azrovnebis Sinagani pirobebi (maxa-siaTeblebi), rogoricaa motivacia, subieqtis pirovnuli Taviseburebebi, RirebulebiTi orientaciebi, monacemebi, gamocdileba da sxv. Sesabamisad, moswavlis damoukide-beli saazrovno moRvaweobisaTvis aucilebelia garegani pirobebis Seqmna.

rogorc fsiqologebi aRniSnaven, sawyisi da wyaro SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisa problemuri situaciaa, ro-melic iwvevs SemecnebiT moTxovnilebas, rogorc Sinagan pirobas. swored SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebis safuZvelze SeuZlia maswavlebels marTos moswavleTa mier axali codnis aTvisebis procesi.

problemuri situaciis Seqmnisas moswavle ver pou-lobas raime faqtis, movlenis, procesis axsnas. SeZenili codna ver uzrunvelyofs dasaxuli miznis miRwevis SesaZleblobas, Cndeba axali codnis, gzebis, xerxebis damoukideblad moZiebis aucilebloba. amgvarad, prob-lemuri situacia xels uwyobs SemecnebiTi aqtivobis warmoSobas. Sesabamisad, problemuri situacia moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad komponentebs:

•axalicodna;•axaligamocdileba;•SemecnebiTimoTxovnileba,racstimulsaZlevsaz-

rovnebiT moRvaweobas;• inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis zrda axlis

`aRmosaCenad~.amgvarad, problemuri situaciis struqturaSi mka-

fiod ikveTeba rogorc garegani faqtorebi, ise Sinagani pirobebi.

problemuri situacia mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba. kerZod:

1. Seesabameba moswavlis unar-Cvevebsa da asakobrivi jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kognitur SesaZleblobebs;

2. uzrunvelyofs moswavlis dainteresebas da swav-lisadmi motivaciis gazrdas;

2. xels uwyobs axali codnis damoukideblad SeZe-nas, sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinaSi miRebuli codnis integrirebisa da gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla realizebadia ara mxolod sabazo da saSualo, aramed dawyebiT safe xurzec. problemuri situaciebi SeiZleba mravalmxrivi iyos:

• moswavlem damoukideblad an jgufurad miiRosgadawyvetileba;

• moaxdinos sagnebis, movlenebis, faqtebis, informa-ciisa da a.S. Sedareba-Sepirispireba;

•awarmooskvleva-Zieba;•gamoiyenosSemoqmedebiTimidgomadaSeqmnasorigi-

naluri produqti da sxv.

problemuri situaciis gadasaWrelad moswavle/mo-swavleebi ramdenime etaps gaivlian. kerZod:

•problemurisituaciisadamisaRwevimiznisgaaz-reba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi danawevreba saTanado sakiTxebad;

•codnismobilizebadasaWiroresursisorganizeba;• problemuri situaciis gadaWris sxvadasxva, al-

ternatiuli gzebis Zieba;• Sesasrulebeli samuSaos dagegmva (Tanmimdevroba,

drois monakveTi, resursi);•miRebuliSedegebisanalizidadaskvnebisgakeTeba.

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problemuri swavlis dros gansakuTrebul mniSvn-elobas iZens iseTi rTuli saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa kreatiuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba. saswavlo procesSi orive tipis azrovneba, ZiriTadad, erToblivad moqmedebs da zogjer maTi gami-jvna garkveul sirTulesac ki warmoadgens.

problemuri situaciebi/amocanebi unda gamoiyene-bodes, nebismieri sagnis swavlebisas, amasTan, ar unda Semoifarglebodes romelime konkretuli sagnis Car-CoTi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania, rom interdis-ciplinarul kavSirebzec iyos orientirebuli.

problemuri amocanebis nimuSebi saxviT da gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi:

1. moswavle irCevs namuSevris Temas ideebisa da gan-wyobilebebis gadmosacemad;

2. moswavle atarebs eqsperiments axali saxatavi masalis, teqnikis gacnobisa da Taviseburebebis gamosav-lenad;

3. iyenebs sxvadasxva xerxs (Suq-Crdili, kontrasti, kompoziciuri ganawileba, monasmi, faqtura, koloriti) asociaciebisa da emociebis gadmosacemad;

4. iyenebs efeqtebs asociaciebisa da grZnobebis gad-mosacemad;

5. irCevs Tematikas, teqnikas, gamomsaxvelobiT xe-rxebsa da masalas ganwyobilebis gadmosacemad;

6. aqcevs namuSevarSi daSvebul Secdomas Semoqmedeb-iT midgomad;

7. moswavle adarebs sakuTar da amxanagis namuSevrebs da msjelobs maT Soris arsebul msgavseba-gansxvavebebze;

8. moswavle kritikulad ganixilavs sakuTar/amxana-gis namuSevars;

9. moswavle ikvlevs xelovnebis nimuSs da ganixi-lavs Sesabamis istoriul-religiur/kulturul konte-qstSi;

10. adarebs erTmaneTs sxvadasxva epoqisa da kultu-ris xelovnebis nimuSebs da msjelobs maT saerTo da ganmasxvavebel niSnebze;

11. ikvlevs xelovnebis rols sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi;12. agrovebs informacias cnobil xelovanTa Semoq-

medebis/konkretuli namuSevris Sesaxeb da ikvlevs mis rols xelovnebis istoriaSi.

problemuri amocanebis gadaWra SesaZlebelia kriti-kuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gamoyenebiT.

problemis gadaWris nimuSebi kritikuli azrovnebis amo-qmedebiT:

magaliTi 1. arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, dakavSireba.

aqtivobis mizani: proeqti _ moswavleebma unda gaiT-valiswinon, ra asala aqvT xelT, risi Seqmna SeiZleba am masaliT da vin iqneba Seqmnili namuSevrebis potenciuri myidveli.

aqtivobis piroba: xelT arsebuli masalis gamoyenebiT saskolo gamofena-gayidvaze warsadgeni originaluri na-muSevrebis Seqmna.

problemis gadaWris etapebi:• aRnusxeT xelT arsebuli masalebi da miiReT

gadawyvetileba, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba am masalidan: xelovnebis nimuSis, sayofacxovrebo nivTebis da a.S.;

•imuSaveTjgufuradanindividualurad;• daaTvaliereT namuSevrebi, gaaanalizeT, SearCieT

sagamofeno namuSevrebi;

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•SearCieTgamofena-gayidvisadgili,gansazRvreTpo-tenciuri stumrebi (sad unda moewyos gamofena da vin unda iyos miwveuli);

• daamzadeT afiSa, mosawvevi baraTebi, moawyveTeqspozicia.

magaliTi 2. Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakavSireba.aqtivobis mizani:namuSevrisanalizi–moswavleebmana-

muSevris analizze dayrdnobiT unda gansazRvron romel epoqas miekuTvneba namuSevari.

aqtivobis piroba: gansazRvreT, romel epoqasa da stils miakuTvnebT warmodgenil namuSevars.

problemis gadaWris etapebi:•namuSevrisanalizi:1. ra aris asaxuli namuSevarze?2. ra Janrs miekuTvneba namuSevari?3. rogoria Sesrulebis manera?4. romeli mxatvris namuSevars gagonebT?5. romel epoqas miakuTvnebdiT namuSevars da ratom?• pasuxebis Sejereba da kamaTi (saWiroebis SemTx-

vevaSi, maswavlebeli aZlevs miTiTebebs moswavleebs da moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad aanalizeben, rogor mividnen swor gadawyvetilebamde an ratom ver amoicnes swori pasuxi).

problemis gadaWris nimuSebi SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis amoqmedebiT:

magaliTi 3. arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakavSireba, SeuTavseblobis aR-mofxvra, eqsperimenti, cda, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi az-rovneba.

aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris Seqmna - masalis arqonis

SemTxvevaSi originaluri xerxis mogoneba.aqtivobis piroba:davaleba–„peizaJis“Seqmna.problemis gadaWris etapebi:•aiReTZvelinamuSevrebi,romlebicguaSiTanakva-

reliTaa Sesrulebuli (maswavleblis nebarTviT);•daalageTiatakzeanmerxzedakargaddaakvirdiT,

romel laqebs da detalebs gamoiyenebdiT Tqveni peiza-JisTvis;

• amoWeriT an amoxieT eslaqebi da detalebi dagaanawileT mozaikis principiT fanqriT winaswar Ses-rulebuli peizaJis konturebze;

• sanam daawebebdeT, kargia, Tu Sori manZilidanacSexedavT, radgan es dagexmarebaT namuSevari mTlianobaSi dainaxoT da zogi laqa gadaaadgiloT, SecvaloT sxva feriT da a.S.

•rodesacdarwmundebiT,romsasurvelSedegsmiaR-wieT, SegiZliaT frTxilad daaweboT.

magaliTi 4. arCevanis gakeTeba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakavSireba, kvleva-Zieba, Semoq-medebiTi midgoma.

aqtivobis mizani:namuSevrisSeqmna–moswavleebmaundagadaWran maTTvis ucxo kulturis warmomadgenlebTan komunikaciis problema.

aqtivobis piroba:gazeT„dedamiwis“Seqmnaucxoplan-etelebisaTvis.

problemis gadaWris etapebi:•airCieTucxoplanetelebTanurTierTobisena(ver-

baluri, vizualuri, anu unda gadawyvitoT, iqneba Tu ara gazeTSi vizualur masalasTan erTad verbaluri teqsti da Tuki saWiroa, ra enaze unda Seiqmnas es teqsti);

•sakomunikacioenisSerCevisSemdgommoiZieTTemebi

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da gainawileT (moswavleebma Tavad unda gadawyviton, romel Temaze imuSaveben);

•imuSaveTarCeulTemaze;•moiZieTmasala,SeiZlebagamoiyenoTarsebulifo-

tomasala an SeqmnaT kolaJebi am masalisgan;• warmodgenis dros ganmarteT, Tu riTi SeiZleba

iyos saintereso es masala ucxoplanetelebisaTvis;•SeqmeniTgazeTismaketi,SearCeTformatidadizaini,

gadaanawileT masala.

magaliTi 5. arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, cda, gadawyvetilebis miReba, Sedareba-Sepirispireba, dakav-Sireba, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.

aqtivobis mizani:originalurinamuSevrisSeqmna–mo-swavleebma unda gadawyviton, risi Seqmna SeiZleba maT mier moZiebuli da xelT arsebuli bunebrivi masalisa-gan da unda Seqmnan originaluri namuSevari.

aqtivobis piroba: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna mo-swavleTa mier moZiebuli bunebrivi masalisagan (qva, fesvebi, girCa, niJara da sxv.).

problemis gadaWris etapebi:•gaaanalizeTarsebulimasala(misifaqturisada

Taviseburebis gaTvaliswineba) da miiReT gadawyvetile-ba, risi gakeTeba SeiZleba am masalisagan.

•SeqmeniTmomavalinamuSevriseskizi,romelSicgaT-valiswinebuli iqneba nakeTobis yvela ZiriTadi detali.

• moifiqreT, Tu rogor iqneba gamoyenebuli xelTarsebuli masala, dasWirdeba Tu ara mas raimes damateba, Seferadeba.

•SeqmeniTnamuSevari;• gaaanalizeT sakuTari namuSevari: maqsimalurad

gamoiyeneT Tu ara xelT arsebuli masalis SesaZle-

blobebi, SeiZleboda Tu ara misi ukeT gamoyeneba. Tqveni azriT, ra aris namuSevarSi moulodneli da originaluri.

magaliTi 6. arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, cda, gadawyvetilebis miReba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.

aqtivobis mizani:originalurinamuSevrisSeqmna–mo-swavlem SeZlos mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyeneba konkretuli emociis gadmosacemad namuSevarSi.

aqtivobis piroba: „Seasrule eqspresionistuli namu-Sevari.“

problemis gadaWris etapebi:Sesavali:maswavlebeli klass yofs ramdenime jgufad da TiToeul

jgufs aZlevs davalebas, Seqmnan namuSevrebi, romlebSic sxvadasxva emociaa gadmocemuli. mag.: erTi jgufi qmnis namuSevars, romelSic gamoxatavs sixaruls, meore – sev-das,mesame–SiSsanaRSfoTebasdaa.S.sasurvelia,romjgufSi moswavleebma imuSaon individualurad, gakveTil-is bolos jgufebi erTmaneTis gverdiT gamofenen namu-Sevrebs, Tanaklaselebi ki msjeloben, Tu ramdenad da ro-gor aris namuSevrebSi gadmocemuli Sesabamisi emociebi.

instruqcia:•TavadairCieTJanridagamosaxvismanera:esSei-

Zleba iyos portreti an avtoportreti, peizaJi an naturmorti, figuruli scena an abstraqtuli kompozi-cia. mTavaria, rom arCeuli siuJeti iZleodes grZnobis gamosaxvis saSualebas;

• momavali namuSevris eskiziTavdapirvelad Seasru-leT patara furcelze. aqve daazusteT, ras gamosaxavT, ro-gor aagebT kompozicias, rogori iqneba naxati, ferTa gama;

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•amisSemdegalbomisansaxatavirveulisfurcel-ze guaSis saRebavebiT SeasruleT saWiro zomis naxati;

• dasrulebuli namuSevari gamofineT klasSi damoawyveT prezentacia;

•namuSevrebiSeafaseTwinaswargansazRvrulikri-teriumebiT.

sasurvelia, xSir SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma Tavad miawodos moswavleebs sakiTxTa nusxa, cxadia, asakobrivi Taviseburebebis, gakveTilis Temisa da saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad. moswavleebi irCeven sakiTxs/davalebas, ro-melic Seesatyviseba maT interesebs, SesaZleblobebs. analitikur samuSaos moswavleebi individualurad rTulad arTmeven Tavs. amitomac am tipis davalebebze muSaobis safuZvlad efeqturia diskusiis, agreTve jgu-furi muSaobis upiratesobebis gamoyeneba.

proeqti problemaze orientirebuli swavlebiT miRweuli

Sedegebis warmoCena proeqtebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. proeqti efeqturi swavlebis umniSvnelovanesi teqno-logiaa, romelic pedagogiur literaturaSi gvxvdeba rogorc proeqt-gakveTili, proeqt-meTodi, proeqtze da-fuZnebuli swavleba, saswavlo proeqti da sxv.

proeqtze muSaobisas maswavlebeli da moswavleebi mimarTaven erToblivad formulirebul Temas/sakiTxs, problemas, mis dasamuSaveblad adgenen gegmas, monawileo-ben am gegmis SesrulebaSi, proeqtze muSaobis dasrulebi-sas ki warmoadgenen da ganixilaven miRebul Sedegs _ saerTo produqts (gamokvleva, moxseneba, stendi, kedlis gazeTi, sareklamo bukleti, gamofena, aqcia, speqtakli, praqtikuli namuSevrebi da mravali sxv.).

proeqtze muSaobis tipobrivi niSnebi:•proeqtisiniciativamomdinareobsproeqtismonawi-

leTagan (maswavlebeli _ moswavleebi);•proeqtismonawileniaviTarebenerToblivinicia-

tivas, Tanxmdebian urTierTobis formebze;•erToblivadTanxmdebianproeqtismizanze,aqtivo-

bebze, muSaobis pirobebze, savaraudo Sedegebze;• gansazRvraven droiT CarCos da anawileben

sxvadasxva aqtivobaze;•inawilebensamuSaoserTmaneTisSesaZleblobebisa

da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT;• proeqtze muSaobis procesSi amJRavnebenrogorc

jgufur, ise individualur interess, TviTorganizaciisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas;

•rogorcsakuTari, ise proeqtis sxva monawileTasaqmianobis Sualeduri ganxilvebis procesSi avlenen kritikulobas, obieqturobas, asabuTeben sakuTar mosaz-rebebs, akeTeben saTanado daskvnebs;

•yuradRebasamaxvilebenmuSaobisprocesSiwarmo-Sobil aqtualur da problemur sakiTxebze, daZabulo-bisa Tu konfliqturi situaciebis gamovlinebaze da Tavadve cdiloben maT gadawyvetas/mogvarebas;

• Tavad gegmaven da warmarTaven kvlevis process,avlenen urTierTdaxmarebisa da erTobliv produqtze pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas;

• TvalnaTliv xedaven proeqtis Sedegs. aqtiurmonawileobas iReben jgufuri proeqtebis ganxilvisa da Sefasebis procesSi.

proeqtis Temis gansazRvramoswavleebisaTvis proeqtis Tema unda iyos mniS-

vnelovani, saintereso da aqtualuri, xels unda uwyob-

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des winare codnasa da gamocdilebaze axlis daSenebas, iTvaliswinebdes maT moTxovnilebebs, SesaZleblobebs. proeqti unda scildebodes saswavlo programas da gan-pirobebuli iyos rogorc SemecnebiTi, ise aRmzrdelo-biTi miznebiT.

proeqtis Tema unda exebodes problemas, romlis gadaWrac SesaZlebelia:

•erTisagnis(mocemulSemTxvevaSi,saxviTidagamoy-enebiTi xelovnebis) disciplinaruli kuTxiT.

II.2. nimuSi 1.

1. Sexvedra xelovanTan;

2. saxl-muzeumi;

3. `mwvane~ arqiteqtura;

4. adamiani _ xelovnebis mTavari Tema;

5. vikvlevT sxvadasxva epoqis xelovnebas;

6. STabeWdilebis mxatvrebi;

7. xelovneba da fantazia;

8. eqsperimentebi qandakebaSi;

9. xelovneba da inovacia.

•emsaxurebodesinterdisciplinaruligamocdilebisgamTlianebas (magaliTad, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xe-lovneba, istoria, literatura, musika, bunebismcodneoba, geografia da sxv.), rasakvirvelia, konkretuli proble-mis, proeqtis miznebisa da misaRwevi Sedegebis gaTval-iswinebiT. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania, rom sxvadasxva sagnisa da sagnobrivi jgufebis mas-

wavleblebma erToblivad dagegmon da ganaxorcielon proeqtebi. am SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva sferos momcvel interdiciplinarul proeqtebSi monawileoba daex-mareba moswavleebs problemis mravali kuTxiT danax-vaSi, gamoumuSavdebaT transferis (erT sferoSi miRe-buli codnis sxva situaciaSi/konteqstSi gamoyenebis), agreTve sxvadasxva disciplinis farglebSi miRebuli gamocdilebis sinTezis unari.

II.2. nimuSi 2.

1. qristianoba da saxviTi xelovneba (xelovneba, is-toria);

2. romantizmidan realizmamde (xelovneba, musika, is-toria);

3. mogzauroba warsulSi (xelovneba, istoria, geogra-fia);

4. adamiani da samyaro (xelovneba, literatura, bunebi-smcodneoba);

5. `odesme didi yofila saqarTvelo...~ (xelovneba, is-toria);

6. aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi (xelovneba, istoria, geo-grafia);

7. scenaze gacocxlebuli suraTebi (xelovneba, lit-

eratura, scenografia);

proeqtis Temis SerCevis, dagegmvisa da ganxor-cielebisas aucilebelia mravali faqtoris gaTval-iswineba. kerZod:

•moswavleebiarundaiyvnenmxolodSemsruleblis,

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miT umetes, teqnikuri Semsruleblis rolSi. swored maTi aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT unda moxdes proeqtis Temis SerCeva, dagegmva, ganxorcieleba, Sefaseba;

•dagegmiliaqtivobebiundaemsaxurebodesmoswav-leTa mier SeZenili codnis praqtikul gamoyenebas;

•gasaTvaliswinebeliamoswavleTamzaobadaammzao-bis Sesabamisi resursebis gamoyeneba;

• moswavleTa kompetencia proeqtiT dasaxulimiznebisa da dagegmili Sedegebis misaRwevad;

•proeqtzemuSaobisadacalkeuliaqtivobebisaTvisSesatyvisi drois limitis zustad gansazRvra;

• jgufis wevrebs Soris funqciebis gonivruliganawileba im mosazrebiT, rom xeli Seewyos yoveli wevris Zlier mxares, im unarebis gamovlenas, romlebic aucilebelia proeqtze muSaobisaTvis.

proeqtze muSaobis procesSi mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba maswavlebels, romelsac zogjer `monawile xelmZRvanelsac~ ki uwodeben. maswavlebelma unda gaiT-valiswinos, rom xeli Seuwyos moswavleebs sainformacio sivrceSi orientaciis, damoukidebeli muSaobis, agreTve analitikuri, SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena-ganviTarebaSi, uzrunvelyos mo-swavleTa provocireba pasiuridan aqtiur mdgomareoba-Si gadasayvanad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki droulad da mizanmimarTulad moxdes misi Careva muSaobis nebismier etapze (garkveuli miniSnebebis, ganmartebebis micema da sxv.).

proeqtze muSaobisa da dasaxuli miznebis miRw-evis TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom moswav-leebi flobdnen garkveul kompetenciebs, maT Sorisaa TanamSromlobis, komunikaciis, organizaciis, saboloo

produqtis Seqmnis, codnis transferis, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis, prezentaciis kompetenciebi.

proeqti SeiZleba sxvadasxva xangrZlivobisa da moc-ulobis iyos (mcire, gaTvlili ramdenime saaTze; sa-Sualo, gaTvlili ramdenime kviraze da didi, gaTvlili ramdenime Tveze).

proeqtze muSaoba iTvaliswinebs garkveul etapebs. kerZod:

I etapi: proeqtis iniciativa. ganixileba ideebi, airCe-va maTgan erT-erTi, sabuTdeba misi aqtualoba, ganisaz-Rvreba ZiriTadi amocanebi; aRniSnuli mxolod mosaz-rebebisa da winadadebebis doneze iqneba warmodgenili. gadawyvetilebis miReba momdevno etapze xdeba;

II etapi: diskusia proeqtis inicativis irgvliv. xdeba proeqt-iniciativis erToblivi ganxilva-daxvewa, Sesa-Zlebelia, axali ideebis gaCena, garkveuli koreqtivebis Setana. msjelobis procesSi izrdeba moswavleTa mo-tivacia. pozitiuri SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi diskusia sruldeba proeqtis monaxaziT;

III etapi: proeqtis dagegmva. moswavleebi maswavle-belTan erTad msjeloben dasaxuli miznis/miznebis Sesatyvis aqtivobebze, TiToeuli aqtivobisaTvis saWiro drois limitze, resursebsa da maTi moZiebis SesaZlo wyaroebze, organizebis formebze, calkeul aqtivobebze, jgufis TiToeuli wevris SesaZleblobebsa da wvlilze proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi. mocemuli etapi sruldeba proeqtis gegmis SedgeniT;

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proeqtis dagegmvis sqemis nimuSi:

proeqtis dasaxeleba

problemis gansazRvra da misi aqtua-lobis dasabuTeba

proeqtis mizani da mosalodneli Sedegebi

proeqtis amocanebi da ganxor-cielebis ZiriTadi etapebi (rigiTo-bis mixedviT)

TiToeuli amocanis aRwera, amoca-nis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro dro, resursebi, mosalodneli Sedegebi, amocanis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli piri.

proeqtis dagegmvisas gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa mosalodneli Sedegebis aRwera, rac mohyveba proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas. Sedegebi unda iyos real-isturi da Seesatyvisebodes dasaxul miznebsa da amo-canebs. amasTan, warmodgenili unda iyos TvalsaCinod da damajereblad. mosalodnel SedegebSi asaxva unda povos erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrulma indi-katorebma. interdisciplinaruli proeqtis SemTxvevaSi unda iqnes miTiTebuli, Tu romeli sagnis ra Sedegebsa da maT indikatorebzea SesaZlebeli gasvla.

IV etapi: proeqtis gegmis ganxorcieleba. moswavleebi acnobiereben, rom jgufis TiToeuli wevri pasuxismge-belia im amocanaze/amocanebze, romelTa Sesrulebac man itvirTa, agreTve proeqtis saboloo erTobliv Sede-gebze (produqtze). muSaobis procesSi xorcieldeba

Sualeduri Sefaseba/monitoringi, rac iTvaliswinebs garkveuli samuSaos ganxilvas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi garkveuli koreqtivebis Setanas, saTanado daskvnebis gamotanas;

V etapi: proeqtis dasruleba. ganxorcielebuli pro-eqtis ganxilva da Sefaseba daskvniTi, amasTan, gansa-kuTrebiT mniSvnelovani etapia. Sedegebis prezentacia (gamofena, saklaso konferencia, aqcia, saklaso stendi, speqtakli, maketi, praqtikuli namuSevrebi, ganxorciele-buli kvlevis werilobiTi angariSi da sxv.) naTlad warmoaCens proeqtis Sedegebis Zlier da sust mxareebs, Cndeba axali ideebic, rac xSirad Zlieri impulsia axa-li proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis;

VI etapi: proeqtis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba. jer kidev proeqtis dagegmvis etapze maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs Sefasebis meqanizms, romelic mimarTulia proeqtze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis gamov-lenaze, agreTve periodulobas _ proeqtis Sualedur da saboloo monitorings, rac erToblivi ZalisxmeviT xorcieldeba (maswavlebeli _ moswavleebi).

Sualeduri Sidamonitoringis (TviTSefasebis) TiToeuli jgufis wevrebi afaseben, Tu ramdenad warmatebulad mimdinareobs proeqti, rac monawileebs exmareba muSaobis procesSi daSvebuli xarvezebis SemC-nevasa da gamosworebaSi. es ki mniSvnelovania dasaxuli miznebis miRwevisa da sasurveli Sedegebis miRebisaTvis. am etapze sasurvelia ganxorcieldes gare monitorin-gic. ZiriTadad, maswavleblis mxridan momzaddes Suale-duri an zepiri angariSi, romelSic aRiniSneba jgufis wevrebis mier daSvebuli Secdomebi,SeniSvnebi, rCevebi

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da rekomendaciebi. proeqtis saboloo Sefaseba mra-valmxrivi unda iyos da naTlad warmoCndes is dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi mxareebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac daex-mareba maT momdevno proeqtebze muSaobisas.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu proeqti moicavs ramdenime sferos, samuSaos SefasebaSi monawileobas ukve ramdenime maswav-lebeli iRebs.

zogierTi proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucile-belia garkveuli saxsrebi. Sesabamisad, samuSao gegmis erT-erT mniSvnelovan segments proeqtis biujeti warmoadgens, romelic ukavSirdeba proeqtis aRweraSi miTiTebul amocanebs. biujetis Sedgenisas moswavleebma racionalurad da adekvaturad unda gaanawilon Tanxebi yvela saWiro aqtivobasa da resursze.

biujetis gansazRvris sqema

#

aqtivobis an xarjis dasaxeleba raode-noba

zus-ti fasi

1 masalebi, romlebic saWiroa praq-tikuli saqmianobisaTvis (qaRaldi, tilo, muyao, saRebavi, Tixa, plastili-ni, fanqari, funji, saRebavi da sxv.)

2 beWdvis xarji (Tu aseTi saWiroa)

3 sagamofeno darbazis xarji (Tu ase-Ti saWiroa)

4 satransporto xarjebi

5 prezentaciis xarjebi

6 gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi

proeqti, rogorc wesi, Semajamebeli Sefasebis formas warmoadgens da warmoaCens konkretuli Te-mis farglebSi moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis xarisxs. Sefasebis ganxorcielebisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma winaswar gansaz-Rvros, ra sixSiriT, ra kriteriumebiTa da ra for-miT moxdeba moswavleTa Sefaseba rogorc proeqtis mimdinareobisas, ise daskvniT etapze (individualuri/jgufuri, ganmaviTarebeli/ganmsazRvreli, mimdinare/Semajamebeli). aseve winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli, Tu Sefasebis romeli forma iqneba gamoyenebuli pro-eqtze muSaobis TiToeul konkretul etapze, rogor moxdeba moswavleTa mier maTi codnisa da saswavlo progresis demonstrireba. A

moswavleTa mravalmxrivi SefasebisaTvis mniSvnelova-nia Sefasebis cxrilebis (e.w. rubrikebis) gamo yeneba, amasTan, proeqtis ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva etapze, cxadia, moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebisa da pro-eqtiT mixedviT. samuSaos specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. sasurvelia, moswavleTa aqtiuri CarTva proeqtze muS-aobis procesisa da saboloo Sedegis SefasebaSi. am mizniT mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili kiTxvarebis Sedgena rogorc moswavleebisTvis, ise dam-swreTaTvis, agreTve intervius aReba, Sedegebis saerTo saklaso ganxilva da sxv.

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proeqtis Sefasebis cxrili (rubrika)

1 qula 2 qula 3 qula

1. mizani ar aris mkaf-iod gamokveTi-li, bundovania

xdeba erT mizan-ze fokusireba

miznebi gamokveTilia mkafiod da marti-vadaa aRsaqmeli

2. organi-zeba

sustad orga-nizebuli, ar aris ideebs Soris logi-kuri jaWvi, rac damabnevelia ms-menelisaTvis

gaazrebulia Tanmimdevroba organizebis niS-nebiT. zogierTi gadasvla ideebs Soris gaugebaria

formati kargad aris organizebuli, logikuria gadas-vla erTi ideidan meoreze, organizeba zrdis proeqtis efeqturobas

3. Sinaar-sis koreq-tuloba

gvxvdeba xSiri Seusabamo in-formacia, rasac SecdomaSi Sehy-avs mkiTxveli

ZiriTadad, koreq-tulia, aris Seu-sabamo da mcdari informacia

mTlianad koreqtu-lia, faqtebi zusti da mkafio

4. enobri-vi gamar-Tuloba

enobrivad gaumarTavia, xSiria Sec-domebi

zogadad, eno-brivad gamar-Tulia, gvxvdeba mcire Secdomebi

enobrivad sruladaa gamarTuli, daculia gramatikuri normebi

5. kvleva araefeqturadaa dagegmili, gamoyenebuli informacia ar aris sando, analizi zedapi-rulia

kvleva dagegmil-ia, magram jgufis potenciali ar aris gaTval-iswinebuli.gamoyenebulia SezRuduli ra-odenobis infor-maciuli masala, analizi misaRebia

kvleva sworad aris dagegmili, gamoyene-bulia mravalmxrivi, Temis adekvaturi informacia, analizi siRrmiseulia

6. Tval saCinoebebi

TvalsaCino masala xSirad ar Seesatyvise-ba Sinaars, an ar gamoiyeneba jgufis mier

gamokveTilia TvalsaCino masalis kavSiri SinaarsTan, Tumca erTferovania,

TvalsaCino masala mravalferovania da srulad Seesatyvise-ba Sinaars

7. Semoq-medebiToba

jgufis mxridan ar ikveTeba SemoqmedebiTi midgoma das-muli amo-canisadmi

zogjer ikveTeba jgufis origi-naluri mosaz-rebebi, dasmuli amocanisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgoma

saxezea siaxle, jgu-fis originaluri xedva, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma sakiTxisadmi

8. kav-Sirebi

sagnebTan

ar Cans ka-vSiri sxva sagnebTan, sax-ezea faqtebis, movlenebis uzusto inter-pretireba

nawilobriv gamokveTilia ka-vSiri erT an or saganSi miRebul codnasTan

xdeba mTavari mosaz-rebebis dakavSireba sxvadasxva sagnidan miRebul codnas-Tan, rac miuTiTebs jgufis kompeten-turobaze sxva dasxva mimarTulebiT

9. daskvne-bi

daskvnebi ar aris Camoyali-bebuli

daskvnebi Camoya-libebulia kvle-vis adekvaturad, magram ar aris mkafio da dama-jerebeli

daskvnebi logikuria da myarad argumen-tirebuli, ikveTeba siaxle, Camoyalibe-bulia mkafiod

10. prezen-tacia

ar aris efeqturad warmoCenili proeqtis arsi, jgufis wevrebs uZneldebaT azris Camoyali-beba da pasuxis gacema, ar aris miznobrivad gamoyenebuli TvalsaCinoeba

proeqtis arsi Camoyalibebulia, Tumca bundovnad, jgufi iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas, zogadad, pasuxobs kiTxvebs

proeqtis arsi Camoyalibebulia naTlad, metyveleba _ mkafio, gaTvlilia auditoriaze, war-moCenilia ZiriTadi ideebi, jgufi iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas da pasuxobs yvela kiTxvas

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Tavi III. efeqturi swavlebis

strategiebi

III.1 swavlebis strategiebi da meTodebi

msoflio saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi swavlebis meTo-debis safuZvliani, Teoriul safuZvlebze damyarebuli kvleva gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebidan daiwyo, rode-sac ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe mecnier-mkvlevarebi sxvadasxva meTodiT gansazRvruli swavlis SedegebiT dainteresdnen. am TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT sayur-adRebo aRmoCnda j. qoulmanisa da q. jenqsis naSromebis Semdeg warmoebuli kvlevebi. aRniSnuli avtorebi (j. qoulmani, q. jenqsi) Seiswavlidnen moswavleTa akademi-uri moswrebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebs da akeTebdnen daskvnebs, romelTa mixedviTac, sxvaobas moswavleTa ak-ademiur moswrebaSi gansazRvravda Semdegi faqtorebi: moswavlis niWi/unarebi, socialuri statusi, ojaxuri garemo, amasTan, q. jenqsi werda, rom `skola ar axdens zegavlenas im faqtorebis umetesobaze, romlebic gana-pirobeben sxvaobas moswavleTa akademiur moswrebaSi~.1 ukve Semdgom, safuZvliani sistemuri mravalricxovani kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze, j. brofi da T. gudi werdnen, rom `miTi daimsxvra: maswavleblebi realur gavlenas axdenen moswavleTa swavlis Sedegebze~2. mogvi-anebiT, ukve saukunis dasawyisidan, amerikasa da evropaSi moRvawe Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi araerTgzis aRniSnaven,

1 jenqsi, q., smiTi, m.s., (1972) ojaxisa da skolis zegavlenis gada-faseba amerikaSi. beiziq buqsi. gv. 15.2 brofi j., gudi T., (1986). maswavleblis qceva da moswavlis aka-demiuri moswreba. m. uiTroqis (red.) wignSi kvlevebi swavlebis meTodebis Sesaxeb. gv. 370.

rom maRalakvalificiur, profesiuli codniTa da un-arebiT aRWurvil maswavlebels SeuZlia ganmsazRvreli rolis Sesruleba moswavlis ara mxolod akademiur moswrebaze, aramed misi pirovnebis formirebazec da am TvalsazrisiT xazgasmiT gamoyofen swavlebis Taname-drove, amasTan, mravalmxrivi strategiis mizanmimarTu-lad gamoyenebis aucileblobas. Sesabamisad, aRniSnaven, rom maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis efeqturobis zrdaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi SeiZleba yvelaze mniS-vnelovani iyos im RonisZiebaTa Soris, romlebic swav-lis Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad tardeba.

cnobilia, rom organizaciam `kontinentis centra-luri nawilis kvlevebi ganaTlebisa da swavlebisaTvis~ (McREL) ganaxorciela zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi gamoyenebul swavlebis meTodebTan dakavSirebuli gansa-kuTrebiT sayuradRebo kvlevebis analizi, rac miznad isaxavda TiToeuli konkretuli meTodis efeqturobis gansazRvras.1 gamoikveTa, rom arc erTi meTodi ar aris universaluri, romelic nebismier situaciaSi gamoirCeva Tanabari efeqtiT. mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma gaaanal-izos da gaacnobieros TiToeuli meTodis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi konkretul saganTan, asakobriv jguf-Tan, garkveuli individualuri maxasiaTeblebis mqone moswavleebTan mimarTebaSi da mxolod Semdeg gaakeTos saTanado arCevani.

cneba `meTodi~ gulisxmobs miznis misaRwev gzas, xe-rxs. swavlebis meTodi warmoadgens maswavleblis miza-nmimarTul qmedebas moswavleebSi saTanado kompetenciis gansaviTareblad. swavlebis meTodis SerCevisaTvis mniS-

1 robert j. marzano, debra j. fiqeringi, jein i. foloqi. efeq-turi swavleba skolaSi. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri. 2009. gv. 98.

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vnelovania maswavlebelis mier gakveTilis saswavlo miznebisa da savaraudo Sedegebis gansazRvra, ramdenadac swored Sedegzea damokidebuli swavlebis meTodebi. am-denad, konkretuli meTodis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswine-belia SerCeuli meTodis Sesabamisoba aqtivobasTan, mo-swavleTa SesaZleblobebsa da gamocdilebasTan, agreTve

mniSvnelovania aqtivobisaTvis saWiro resursis xelmisawvdomoba, aqtivobisaTvis gansazRvruli drois Sesabamisoba da sxv.

saganmanaTleblo literaturaSi swavlebis meTo-debis sxvadasxva klasifikaciaa miRebuli. ZiriTadad, gamoiyofa meTodebis ori jgufi:

•meTodebi,romlebicxelsuwyobskonkretulima-salis aTvisebas;

•meTodebi,romlebicorientirebuliazogadi/trans-feruli unarebis ganviTarebaze.

aRniSnuli dayofa erTgvarad pirobiT xasiaTs ata-rebs, ramdenadac meTodTa umravlesoba sagnobrivTan er-Tad moswavleebs zogadi kompetenciis ganviTarebaSic exmareba.

imisaTvis, rom maswavlebelma SeZlos ama Tu im meTo-dis adekvaturad gamoyeneba, sayuradReboa Semdegi:

• ra winapiroba unda gaiTvaliswinos man konkre-tuli meTodis gamoyenebisas;

•rakompetenciisganviTarebasuwobsxelsesaTuis meTodi;

•raarisTiToeulimeTodisZlieridasustimxa-reebi.

sayuradReboa, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi saswavlo praq-tikaSi xdeba aqtivobisa da meTodis gaigiveba. aqtivobas

daesmis kiTxva: `ras akeTebs maswavlebeli?~ magaliTad, maswavlebeli klasTan erTad SeimuSavebs jgufuri muSa-obis wesebs, xolo is, rasac daesmis kiTxva: `rogor akeTebs maswavlebeli?~ (e.i. ra didaqtikuri xerxiT axorcielebs am aqtivobas?) _ meTodia.

imisaTvis, rom moswavlem efeqtianad gamoiyenos swav-lebis meTodebi, igi unda flobdes swavlis efeqtur strategiebs, romelTa Sorisac gamoyofen:

1. kognitur strategiebs. maTi saSualebiT moswavle iZens/moipovebs codnas, gadaamuSavebs, aanalizebs, kriti-kulad Seafasebs, gamoiyenebs sxva situaciaSi;

2. metakognitur strategiebs (metakognicia _ azrovne-ba sakuTari azrovnebis Sesaxeb). xels uwyobs moswav-lis aqtiur CarTvas sakuTari swavlebis procesSi, mar-TvaSi, monitoringsa da SefasebaSi, uviTarebs moswavles gaaanalizos da gamoitanos daskvna, Tu ra da rogor iswavla da dagegmos sakuTari TviTganviTareba;

3. emociur-motivaciuri strategia Sesaswavli sakiTx-isadmi pozitiuri ganwyobilebis Seqmnas uwyobs xels da Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens motivaci-aze;

4. socialuri strategia, romelic socialur interaq-cias efuZneba da saswavlo garemoSi codnis konstru-irebisaTvis upiratesobas TanamSromlobiT swavlebas aniWebs (magaliTad, jgufuri muSaoba, diskusia, urT-ierTswavleba da sxv.);

5. resursebze dafuZnebuli strategia (multimediuri, qseluri saswavlo saSualebebi, magaliTad, interneti, biblioTeka da sxv.).

aRniSnul strategiebs, ZiriTadad, kompleqsurad iye-neben. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi romelime strategiis def-icitis dros misi kompensireba saTanado doneze gamo-

80 81

yenebuli sxva strategiebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT miiRweva.

amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swavlebis meTodebi da swavlis strategiebi erTi medlis or mxares warmoad-gens. efeqturi swavlis strategiebis daufleba swav-lebis meTodebis efeqturi gamoyenebis winapirobaa.

ganvixiloT zogierTi meTodi, romelTa efeqturobac dasabuTebulia mkvlevarTa mier da amasTan, warmatebiT aris aprobirebuli saskolo praqtikaSi.

gonebrivi ieriSi (Brain storming) gamoiyeneba az-rovnebis gasaaqtiureblad, arastandartuli azrebis, ideebis generirebisa da raime Temis/sakiTxis irgvliv codnis organizebis mizniT. aRniSnuli meTodis gam-oyenebisTvis maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad Sei-muSavebs garkveul wesebs. magaliTad:

•yvelaideaRirebuliadaundaiqnesganxiluli;•mniSvnelovaniaideebisraodenobadaaraxarisxi;•gonebriviieriSisprocesSiarxdebaideebisgan-

sja da Sefaseba;•yvelamoswavleTanasworuflebianiadasxv.Ggonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyeneba moicavs Semdeg

etapebs:•problemis/sakiTxisgansazRvradamoswavleebisaT-

vis mkafiod formulireba;• aqtivobisaTvis gansazRvruli drois limitis

gansazRvra;•dasmulisakiTxis/problemisirgvlivgamoTqmuli

ideebis, mosazrebebis CaniSvna dafaze (ganxilvisa da kritikis gareSe);

• azrebisadaideebisdaxarisxeba,kategoriebadda

prioritetebad dayofa;•gamoricxvisprincipiTimideebisgamoyofa,romle-

bic metad Seesabameba dasmul sakiTxs;• SerCeuli ideebis ganxilva-Sefaseba winaswar

gansazRvruli kriteriumebis safuZvelze;•yvelazeRirebuliideis/ideebis,rogorcdasmuli

sakiTxis/problemis gadaWrisadmi saukeTeso midgomis gamovlena.

diskusia warmoadgens swavlebis meTods, romelic iT-valiswinebs sxvadasxva winadadebis / midgomis / ideis / problemis gadaWris gzebis Ziebas, rac miiRweva sawi-naaRmdego poziciebis polemikis, sxvadasxva, xSir SemTx-vevaSi, radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, ideebis warmoSobisa da maTi ganxilva-Sejerebis safuZvelze.

diskusiis warmatebuli warmarTvisaTvis mniS-vnelovania sadiskusio Temis sworad SerCeva. sadisku-siod SesaZlebelia nebismieri Temis gamoyeneba, romelic moswavleebSi gansxvavebul mosazrebebs warmoSobs.

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom moswavleebi unda flobdnen saTanado codnas Temis irgvliv, SeZlon sakuTari azris gamoTqma da argumentirebuli dasa-buTeba. ZiriTadad, diskusia mizanSewonilia gaimarTos gakveTilze garkveuli formaluri codnis miRebis Sem-deg misi ganmtkicebis mizniT.

diskusiis msvlelobisas maswavlebels SeuZleba das-vas damazustebeli kiTxvebi im mosazrebiT, rom misces da/an Secvalos diskusiis mimarTuleba.

diskusia argumentirebul oponirebas gulisxmobs. moswavleTa monawileoba polemikaSi maT mier axali codnis swraf aTvisebas uzrunvelyofs. garda amisa,

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diskusia, xels uwyobs iseTi mniSvnelovani unarebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa prezentaciis, kritikuli az-rovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, komunikaciis, konfliqturi situaciebis regulirebisa da sxv. sak-laso diskusia ZiriTadad, xasiaTdeba moswavleTa Car-TulobiT, xels uwyobs maTi azrovnebis fokusirebas konkretul sakiTxze, zrdis motivacias. diskusiis pro-cesSi unda moxdes Temis yvela sadavo aspeqtis sru-li ganxilva. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs unda mieceT sakuTari azrebis vizualizaciis SesaZlebloba.

saklaso diskusiis dagegmvisa da warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania maswavleblis mier Semdegi aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba:

• sadiskusioTemaunda iyos moswavleTaTvissain-tereso, iTvaliswinebdes maT asakobriv Taviseburebebs, cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasa da saTanado codnas;

•SesaZlebeliamaswavlebelmawinaswargaacnosmo-swavleebs sadiskusio Tema da SesTavazos maT saTanado informaciis damoukideblad moZieba (resursis miTiTe-biT), sakuTari poziciis gansazRvra;

• moswavleTaTvis cnobili unda iyos diskusiaSimonawileobis wesebi, romelTa dacvac unda uzrunvelyon (magaliTad, ar ilaparakoT erTdroulad, pativi eciT gansxvavebul azrs da sxv.);

• maswavlebelmaundauzrunvelyosdiskusiaSi mo-swavleTa maqsimaluri CarTuloba, pasiuri moswavleebis motivireba;

• maswavlebelma ar unda gamoxatos Tavisi piradidamokidebuleba ama Tu im mosazrebis/ideis mimarT. misi amocanaa _ iyos neitraluri;

•aucilebeliadiskusiisSedegebisSejameba-Sefaseba,

rac maswavleblisa da moswavleebis erToblivi Zalisx-meviT unda ganxorcieldes;

sadiskusio Temebis sanimuSo CamonaTvali:

III.1. nimuSi 1.

•xelovanidadro;

•xelovanidasazogadoeba;

•ferweradamxatvrulifotografia;

•saxviTixelovnebadabeWdviTisaqme;

•`xelovnebamZlavriiaraRia!~

•arqiteqturadabunebrivigaremo;

•Tanamedroveqalaqisarqiteqtura;

• muzeumebisa da samxatvro galereebis roli

sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi;

•profesia-`dizaineri~;

•Tanamedrovescenografiadasxv.

demonstrirebis meTodi informaciis vizualurad warmodgenas gulisxmobs da mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili. ZiriTadad, demonstraciis meTo-di axali masalis axsnas ukavSirdeba da SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes rogorc maswavleblis, ise moswavleebis mier. es strategia TvalsaCinod, vizualurad warmoaCens Sesaswavli sakiTxis arss da SesaZlebelia atarebdes martiv saxes (magaliTad, moswavleebi erToblivad (jgu-furad) ̀ aRmoaCenen~, Tu rogor miiReba Sedgenili ferebi da Semdeg axdenen miRebuli Sedegebis demonstrirebas), aseve SesaZlebelia rTuli eqsperimentis saxe miiRos (magaliTad, TiToeuli jgufis wevrebma maT xelT arseb-uli sagnebisagan unda Seadginon konkretuli saxis kom-

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pozicia _ simetriuli an asimetriuli, Tanaklaselebma ki Seafason TiToeuli jgufis mier miRebuli Sedegebi).

demonstrirebis meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvalis-winebelia:

•mkafiodganisazRvroskonkretuliaqtivobismizani/daniSnuleba _ ra codnis SeZenasa da unar-Cvevebis gan-viTarebazea orientirebuli;

•gaTvaliswinebuliqnesmoswavleTamomzadebisdone,maTi sabazo codna;

• demonstrirebis meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis mniS-vnelovania moswavleTa aRWurva saTanado resursiT (saRebavi, formati, sagnebi da sxv.);

•demonstrirebisdawyebamdemaswavlebelmamkafiodunda Camoayalibos instruqcia, romlis gaTvaliswinebi-Tac moswavleebi Seasruleben samuSaos;

• demonstrirebis dasrulebisas aucilebelia Ses-rulebuli samuSaos Sejameba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba.

roluri TamaSi/simulacia erT-erTi yvelaze Semoq-medebiTi meTodia, romlis gamoyenebac xels uwyobs mo-swavleTa motivaciis amaRlebas saswavlo procesisadmi, uviTarebs maT SemoqmedebiTobas, iniciativas, kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, erToblivi muSaobis, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis unar-Cvevebs.

roluri TamaSis ZiriTadi tipebia: • Tavisuflad asocirebuli roluri TamaSebi,

romelsac moswavleebi spontanurad, uSualod TamaSis dros qmnian. am tipis TamaSebi eqvemdebareba mxolod moswavleTa Tavisufal SeTanxmebas;

•reglamentirebuliroluriTamaSi,romelicwinas-war Sedgenil gegmas, myar wesebs, konkretul scenars da

mis gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebul gansazRvrul saSu-alebebs eqvemdebareba.

roluri TamaSis mizania, saswavlo procesSi maqsi-maluri CarTvis, codnis transferis, saswavlo masalis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebis, interdis-ciplinaruli kavSirebis realizebis, monawileTa inicia-tivis, SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlena.

roluri TamaSebis SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba xe-lovnebis gakveTilze mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili.

III.1. nimuSi 2.

• maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, TiToeulijgufis wevrebma erToblivad airCion romelime, maT-Tvis sasurveli yofiTi Janris ferweruli nimuSi da scadon misi `gacocxleba~ scenaze.

• moswavleebi erToblivad ganixilaven suraTzewarmodgenil siuJets, aRweren personaJebs (gareg-noba, samosi, varcxniloba, aqsesuarebi da sxv.), fons, romelzec arian warmodgenili (interieri, aveji, yofiTi sagnebi da sxv.), axasiaTeben personaJebs, maT urTierT-damokidebulebas, arkveven, Tu romel socialur fenas miekuTvnebian suraTze gamosaxuli adamianebi, romel epoqaSi/kulturaSi cxovrobdnen. moswavleebi cdilo-ben Caswvdnen fermweris Canafiqrs, ganixilaven mis mier gamoyenebul mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTobis xerxebs (kompozicia, koloriti, Suq-Crdili, ritmi da sxv.).

•siuJetisSesabamisad,moswavleebimuSaobenmini-warmodgenis scenarze, azusteben dasmuli amocanis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro resurss (samosi detalebi, aqsesuareni, yofiTi sagnebi da sxv.), inawileben rolebs.

86 87

• moswavleebi wardgebian Tanaklaselebis winaSejgufuri namuSevrebiT. mniSvnelovania namuSevrebis ganxilvisa da Sefasebis procesi, rac naTlad gamokveTs moswavleTa codnas, agreTve mTel rig arsebiT _ dak-virvebis, yuradRebis koncentraciis, SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelo-bis, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis unar-Cvevebs.

roluri TamaSebis/simulaciebis organizebisas mas-wavlebeli iTvaliswinebs ramdenime mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. kerZod:

• mniSvnelovania moswavleTawaxaliseba improviza-ciisaTvis, dasmuli amocanis gadaWrisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgomisaTvis;

• yuradRebis gamaxvileba sakuTriv muSaobis pro-cesze (moswavleebis msjeloba, mosazrebaTa dasabuTeba, SeZenili codnis, agreTve iniciativis, SemoqmedebiTi mid-gomis gamovlena, TanamSromloba da sxv.);

• namuSevrebis ganxilvis procesSi sasceno kosti-umebis elementebis, martivi dekoraciebis, TviTnakeTi resursis suraTis siuJetTan Sesabamisobaze aqcentire-ba;

•codnistransferisuzrunvelyofa(magaliTad,xe-lovneba _ istoria _ Teatri);

•konstruqciulikritikisSeTavazeba;•namuSevrebismravalmxriviSefasebamoswavleTaaq-

tiuri monawileobiT.

kognituri diagramebi

moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebisaTvis, im mosazrebiT, rom axali codna funqciuri da mobilu-ri gaxdes, sayuradReboa miRebuli informaciis safuZ-velze warmodgenis aralingvisturi xerxebis gamoyeneba. ZiriTadad, saskolo praqtikaSi maswavleblebi axali ma-salas waradgenen lingvisturi formiT (axsna, kiTxva, saubari/mosazrebaTa urTierTgaziareba da sxv.), Tumca kvlevebis Sedegad dadasturebulia aralingvisturi formebis gamoyenebis efeqturoba axali saswavlo masa-lis ukeT gaazrebis, moswavleTa SemecnebiTi aqtivobis, saazrovno unar-Cvevebis, agreTve damoukidebeli muSao-bis, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis ganviTarebis Tvalsaz-risiT.

informaciis warmodgenis aralingvisturi formebis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva tipis davalebasa da savarjiSo-ebze muSaobisas aris SesaZlebeli. mniSvnelovania, rom konkretuli forma xels unda uwyobdes moswavleTa codnis gafarToebas. isini ukeT igeben saswavlo masa-las da efeqturadac iyeneben gansxvavebul konteqstSi, ramdenadac erTvebian azrovnebis procesSi.

aRniSnul formebs Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia saazrovno sqemebi, anu kognituri diagramebi. zogadad, grafikuli sqema orive formas gulisxmobs _ rogorc lingvisturs (sityvebi, frazebi da a.S.), ise aralingvis-turs (sxvadasxva tipis simbolo, isrebi da a.S., rac faqtebis, movlenebisa da sxv. urTierTdamokidebulebebs gamoxatavs), cxadia, konkretuli mocemulobis Sesabam-isad. grafikuli sqemebi saswavlo procesSi SeiZleba sxva mizniTac iqnes gamoyenebuli (magaliTad, aRweris, Sedarebis, droiTi Tanmimdevrobis, mizezSedegobriobis

88 89

gansazRvris, yuradRebis koncentrirebisa da sakiTxze fokusirebisaTvis da a.S.).

grafikul sqemebsa da diagramebze muSaoba mra-valmxriv pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili. kerZod:

•xelsuwyobsmoswavlismotivaciisamaRlebas;•yuradRebismobilizebas;•aaqtiurebsSeZenilcodnas;•exmarebamTlianobaSigaiazrosmasala;•uviTarebskritikul,analitikurazrovnebas;•sakuTarimosazrebebisgadmocemisadadasabuTebis

unars;•uviTarebsTviTSefasebisunarsdasxv.

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis meTodimeTodebi, romlebic msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas ukav-

Sirdeba, SeiZleba swavlis qvakuTxedad iqnes miCneuli. kvlevebSi, romlebSic am meTodis efeqturobaa dasab-uTebuli eqsperimentuli muSaobis analizis safuZvelze, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im faqtze, rom faqtebis, mov-lenebis da a.S. Sedarebisas saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis gamovlenaze orientireba xels uwyobs kiTx-vebis warmoSobas, versiebis gaCenas saTanado argumente-biT, diskusiis situaciis Seqmnas. garda amisa, am saxis davalebebze muSaobisas moswavleebi avlenen maT mier SeZenili codnis gaazrebisa da gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebs. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia ms-gavsebisa da gansxvavebis meTodis gamoyeneba, rodesac moswavleebi maswavleblis miniSnebebis gareSe, erTo-blivi muSaobis (jgufuri) pirobebSi akeTeben saTanado daskvnebs, es ki xels uwyobs axali, zogjer urTierT-gansxvavebuli ideebis stimulirebas.

codnis gaazrebisa da gamoyenebis efeturobas sagrZno-

blad zrdis moswavleTa mier grafikuli sqemebisa da diagramebis gamoyeneba, rac xels uwyobs saerTo da gan-masxvavebeli niSnebis aRmoCenis stimulacias. efeqturi SedarebisaTvis sayuradReboa moswavleTa mier Sesadare-beli obieqtebis, faqtebis, movlenebis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis mkafiod gansazRvra, rac Semdeg ukve msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis identifikaciis safuZvlad iqceva.

mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma SedarebisaTvis gamoiyenos naTlad struqturirebuli savarjiSoebi (ras da romeli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT adareben), rac sayuradReboa moswavleTa mxridan Zalisxmevis garkveu-li tipis daskvnebze mimarTvis TvalsazrisiT. am tipis davalebebi mimarTulia moswavleTa mier erTsa da imave maxasiaTeblebs Soris arsebuli msgavseba-gansxvavebebis amocnobaze. Sedarebisa da msgavseba-gansxvavebis mizniT gamoi yeneba:

venis diagrama

90 91

venis diagrama gamoiyeneba ori sagnis an movlenis, gansaxilveli sakiTxebis, faqtebis, sxvadasxva xelovanis Semoqmedebis, xelovnebis erTi dargis, Janrisa Tu sxv. nimuSebis da a.S. rogorc saerTo, ise ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis dasafiqsireblad: wreebis gadakveTis monakveTSi Caiwereba saerTo, marjvena da marcxena monakveTebSi ki _ gansxvavebuli niSnebi.

venis diagramaze muSaoba moswavles uadvilebs gansaxilveli sakiTxis ukeT gaazrebasa da aRqmas, ganu-viTarebs dakvirvebulobis, kritikuli da analitikuri azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli muSaobis unar-Cvevebs.

venis diagramaze muSaoba SesaZlebelia rogorc indi-vidualurad, ise wyvilSi da jgufurad.

III.1. nimuSi 3.

•ZvelisaberZneTisxelovneba_Zveliromisxe-lovneba;

•JakluidavidisSemoqmedeba_eJendelakruasSemoqmedeba;

•goias`1808wlis8maisi~_pikasos`daxvretakoreaSi~;

•lado gudiaSvilis `sakadrisi pasuxi~_ merabberZeniSvilis `giorgi saakaZe~;

• elene axvledianis `Semodgoma kaxeTSi~ _ vangogis `Semodgomis peizaJi oTxi xiT~.

Sedarebis matrica 21msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis gamovlena

grafikuli sqemis gamoyeneba Sedarebis savarjiSoSi. Sedarebis dros, ZiriTadad, ori tipis grafikuli sqema gamoiyeneba _ venis diagrama (diagrama 2.3) da Sedarebis matrica (diagrama 2.4).

rogorc diagrama 2.3ze Cans, venis diagrama exmareba moswavleebs, vizualurad aRiqvan or sagans an movlenas Soris arsebuli msgavseba da gansxvaveba. rogorc wesi, ori wris gadakveTaSi msgavsebaTa CamonaTvalia mocemuli. gansxvavebebi ki warmodgenilia wreebis im nawilebze, romlebic ar ikveTeba. idealur SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebma venis diagrama ori sagnis an movlenis TiToeuli maxasiaTeblis Sedarebisas unda Seavson. aseT dros isini kargad dainaxaven, Tu rogor hgavs an gansxvavdeba ori movlena an sagani am konkretuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.

diagrama 2. 3. venis diagrama

rogorc diagrama 2.4ze Cans, detaluri midgomis dros Sedarebis matrica ufro gamoiyeneba, vidre venis diagrama. Sesabamisad, roca maswavlebeli Sedarebis matricas iyenebs, aucilebelia, moswavleebs ufro detaluri instruqciebi misces. qvemoT ori magaliTia moyvanili. magaliTi 1 warmoadgens savarjiSos, Sedarebis matricis

diagrama 2. 4Sedarebis matrica

maxasiaTeblebi

Sesadarebeli Temebi

# 1 # 2 # 3

1 msgavsebebi

gansxvavebebi

2 msgavsebebi

gansxvavebebi

3 msgavsebebi

gansxvavebebi

4 msgavsebebi

gansxvavebebi

es grafikuli sqema gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rode-sac Sesadarebelia orze meti sagani an movlena, nawarmoe-bi da a.S., rac iTvaliswinebs ufro detalur midgomas Sesadarebeli obieqtebisadmi da garda Sedareba-gansx-vavebisa, aRiniSneba TiToeuli obieqtis maxasiaTeblebic.

III.1. nimuSi 4.rembrandti. `moxuci qalis portreti~ _ renuari.

`deda-Svili~ _ pikaso. `supi~. maxasiaTeblebi:1. siuJeti;2. kompozicia;3. koloriti;4. foni;5. ganwyobileba.

92 93

T-diagrama

sqema gamoiyeneba gansaxilveli sakiTxebis (faqtebis, movlenebis, mxatvruli mimarTulebebis, epoqebis, xelov-anTa Semoqmedebis, xelovnebis nimuSebis da a.S.) Ses-adareblad, dasapirispireblad, anu mxolod ganmasxvave-beli niSnebis aRsaniSnad. Sesabamisad, sqemis TiToeul grafaSi Caiwereba faqtebis, movlenebis da a.S. gansxvave-buli niSnebi.

sqemaze muSaoba moswavles gauadvilebs gansaxilveli sakiTxis ukeT gaazrebas, mis arsSi wvdomas, ganuviTarebs dakvirvebis, daskvnebis gakeTebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli muSaobis unarebs.

sqemaze muSaoba SesaZlebelia rogorc individualu-rad, ise wyvilSi da jgufurad.

III.1. nimuSi 5.•qandakebissaxeebi:monumenturi_dazguri;•saxviTixelovnebisdargebi:ferwera_qandakeba;• saxviTi xelovnebis Janrebi: peizaJi _ natur-

morti;• mxatvruli mimdinareobebi: romantizmi _real-

izmi;•impresionistebi:klodmone_edgardega.

klasifikaciis meTodebi msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis aRmoCena Sedarebis dros

xdeba. Sedareba warmoadgens sagans an ideebs Soris ms-gavsebisa da gansxvavebis identifikaciis process. es procesi mniSvnelovania klasifikaciis drosac.

klasifikacia saganTa kategoriebad dajgufebis pro-cesia, romelic maT maxasiaTeblebs efuZneba. garkveuli elementebis klasifikacia swored msgavsebisa da gansx-vavebis identifikaciiT iwyeba da mxolod amis Semdeg xdeba mocemuli elementebis dajgufeba or an ramdenime kategoriad.

klasifikaciaze orientirebuli savarjiSoebi Sei-Zleba sxvadasxva tipis iyos:

1. savarjiSoebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs maswavleb-lis mier SeTavazebuli elementebis klasifikacias. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs. awvdis moswavleebs informacias im kategoriebis Sesaxeb, romelTa mixedviTac maT TviTon unda ganaxorcielon mocemuli elementebis klasifikacia.

I tipis savarjiSoebis sqema

24 efeqturi swavleba s kolaSi

RonisZiebebi, romelTac fi•zikuri Zala da sizuste Tanabrad sWirdebaT.

moswavleebs klasSi unda warmoedginaT klasifikaciis sakuTari Sedegebi da argumentirebulad aexsnaT, ratom miakuTvnebdnen ama Tu im RonisZiebas konkretul kategorias.

klasifikaciis savarjiSoebi, romlebic mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli. mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli klasifikaciis savarjiSoebi, roca moswavles maswavlebeli aZlevs im sagnebis an movlenebis CamonaTvals, romelTa klasifikaciac moswavlem damoukideblad unda ganaxorcielos da kategoriebis dadgenasac misgan iTxovs. aris SemTxvevebi, roca moswavleebs uwevT ara mxolod kategoriebis damoukideblad mofiqreba, aramed im saganTa an movlenaTa nusxis Sedgenac, romelTa kategorizaciac maT mierve Camoyalibebuli kategoriebis mixedviT unda moaxdinon. qvemoT warmodgenilia klasifikaci

is savarjiSos magaliTi, romelic mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli da romelSic Cans, rom moswavles Tavad uxdeba rogorc kategoriebis mofiqreba, aseve im elementebis nusxis Sedgena, romlebsac kategoriebad gaanawilebs.

literaturis gakveTilze wlevandeli wlisaTvis gansazRvruli bolo wignis kiTxva daasrules. qalbatonma bleiqma, romelic am moswavleebs ukve ori wlis ganmavlobaSi aswavlida, klasSi axali savarjiSo Semoitana. am savarjiSos saSualebiT, mas surda, moswavleebs SeZenili codna gamoeyenebinaT da Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze garkveuli siaxleebi aRmoeCinaT. maswavlebelma moswavleebs Semdegi savarjiSo misca:

dawyvildiT klaselTan erTad da CamowereT personaJebi im wignebidan, romlebic wavikiTxeT. CamowereT rac SeiZleba bevri personaJis saxeli. Semdeg isini Tqvens mierve mofiqrebuli kategoriebis mixedviT

diagrama 2. 6klasifikaciisaTvis saWiro grafikuli sqemebi

kategoriebi

94 95

2. savarjiSoebi, romlebze muSaobac iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis mier mocemuli sagnebis an movlenebis CamonaTvalis klasifikaciis damoukideblad ganxor-cielebas da kategoriebis dadgenas. am tipis davale-bebis Sesruleba mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli. SesaZlebelia, moswavleebs mieciT davalebebi, romelTa Sesasruleblad maT ara mxolod kategoriebis mofiqreba mouwevT, aramed sagnebisa Tu movlenebis nusx-is Sedgenac.

II tipis savarjiSoebis sqema

24 efeqturi swavleba s kolaSi

RonisZiebebi, romelTac fi•zikuri Zala da sizuste Tanabrad sWirdebaT.

moswavleebs klasSi unda warmoedginaT klasifikaciis sakuTari Sedegebi da argumentirebulad aexsnaT, ratom miakuTvnebdnen ama Tu im RonisZiebas konkretul kategorias.

klasifikaciis savarjiSoebi, romlebic mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli. mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli klasifikaciis savarjiSoebi, roca moswavles maswavlebeli aZlevs im sagnebis an movlenebis CamonaTvals, romelTa klasifikaciac moswavlem damoukideblad unda ganaxorcielos da kategoriebis dadgenasac misgan iTxovs. aris SemTxvevebi, roca moswavleebs uwevT ara mxolod kategoriebis damoukideblad mofiqreba, aramed im saganTa an movlenaTa nusxis Sedgenac, romelTa kategorizaciac maT mierve Camoyalibebuli kategoriebis mixedviT unda moaxdinon. qvemoT warmodgenilia klasifikaci

is savarjiSos magaliTi, romelic mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea mimarTuli da romelSic Cans, rom moswavles Tavad uxdeba rogorc kategoriebis mofiqreba, aseve im elementebis nusxis Sedgena, romlebsac kategoriebad gaanawilebs.

literaturis gakveTilze wlevandeli wlisaTvis gansazRvruli bolo wignis kiTxva daasrules. qalbatonma bleiqma, romelic am moswavleebs ukve ori wlis ganmavlobaSi aswavlida, klasSi axali savarjiSo Semoitana. am savarjiSos saSualebiT, mas surda, moswavleebs SeZenili codna gamoeyenebinaT da Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze garkveuli siaxleebi aRmoeCinaT. maswavlebelma moswavleebs Semdegi savarjiSo misca:

dawyvildiT klaselTan erTad da CamowereT personaJebi im wignebidan, romlebic wavikiTxeT. CamowereT rac SeiZleba bevri personaJis saxeli. Semdeg isini Tqvens mierve mofiqrebuli kategoriebis mixedviT

diagrama 2. 6klasifikaciisaTvis saWiro grafikuli sqemebi

kategoriebi

sqema #1 gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kate-goriebi msgavsia (ganzogadebis donis mixedviT), sqema #2 ki, rodesac kategoriebidan zogierTi ufro zogadia sxvebTan SedarebiT.

Sejamebisa da Canawerebis gakeTebis meTodebiSejameba da Canawerebis gakeTeba damoukidebeli un-

ar-Cvevebia, romelTa gamomuSavebac iTvaliswinebs in-formaciis warmodgenas mokle, sinTezuri formiT. ami-tomac SesaZlebelia maTi gaerTianeba swavlebis erT meTodSi, romlis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis davalebiTa da savarjiSoiT iyos war-modgenili. ZiriTadad, gamoiyofa Semdegi tipis davale-bebi:

1. moswavleTa mier teqstze muSaoba, rac iTvalis-winebs garkveuli saxis, ZiriTadad, Semajamebeli ti-pis Canawerebis gakeTebas. am SemTxvevaSi moswavles moeTxoveba, damoukideblad an jgufurad, kargad gaiaz-ros mocemuli teqsti da maswavleblis instruqciis Sesabamisad Seasrulos davaleba.

2. moswavleebs eZlevaT mza teqsti maswavleblis Canaweris saxiT, razec muSaoben davalebis pirobis Se-sabamisad.

ganvixiloT im tipis davalebebi/savarjiSoebi, rom-lebic sayuradReboa xelovnebis gakveTilze gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli meTodis efeqturobas gac-ilebiT zrdis garkveuli CarCoebis gamoyeneba (Seja-mebis CarCoebi), romelTac maswavlebeli sTavazobs mo-swavleebs. CarCo SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis iyos, rac damokidebulia davalebis/savarjiSos mizansa da konkre-tul mocemulobaze. kerZod:

• naratiuli CarCo, romelic umTavresad mxatvruli nawarmoebis ganxilvisas gamoiyeneba, Tumca maswavlebels SeuZlia xelovnebis gakveTilze saxviTi xelovnebis nawarmoebis ganxilvisas gamoiyenos, rac, ra Tqma unda, ukavSirdeba mis siuJetur mxares (yofiTi Janri).

96 97

magaliTi.gakveTilis erT-erT saswavlo mizans Seadgens namu-

Sevris ganxilva konkretul istoriul-kulturul da socialur konteqstSi. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswav-leebs, TiToeulma jgufma ganixilos sxvadasxva epoqaSi Seqmnili yofiTi Janris nimuSi da erToblivad imuSaon naratiul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze.

naratiuli CarCos sanimuSo kiTxvebi:

III.1. nimuSi 6.1. aRwereT nawarmoebi.2 daaxasiaTeT personaJebi.3. gamoyaviT, Tqveni azriT, mTavari personaJi/per-

sonaJebi da aRniSneT, ra ganasxvavebs maT sxva persona-Jebisagan.

4. aRniSneT damokidebuleba personaJebs Soris.5. aRniSneT maTi emociebi, grZnobebi.6. gamoTqviT azri mxatvris Canafiqrze.7. aRniSneT mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTobis xe-

rxebi, romlebic gamoiyena man Canafiqris gansaxor-cieleblad (kompozicia, koloriti, foni da sxv.).

8. gansazRvreT savaraudo epoqa, kultura, persona JTa socialuri mdgomareoba vizualuri detalebis mixedviT.

9. wamoayeneT versiebi namuSevris avtoris Sesaxeb da moiyvaneT saTanado argumentebi. aRniSneT avtoris SemoqmedebiTi individualobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.

naratiul CarCoze muSaoba moswavleebs ara mxolod xelovnebis nimuSze msjelobis, aramed miRebuli infor-maciis Sejamebisa da garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebis un-

ar-Cvevebsac uviTarebs. maswavlebels SeuZlia TiToeuli konkretuli namuSevris Sesabamisad gansazRvros kiTx-vebi CarCosaTvis yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis.

• ganmartebiTi CarCo gamoiyeneba konkretuli cnebis ganmartebis an daqvemdebarebuli cnebebis identifika-ciis mizniT. mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelis mier mkafiod da naTlad Camoyalibeba im kiTxvebisa, romlebsac mo-swavleebs sTavazobs ganmartebiTi CarCos saxiT.

III.1. nimuSi 7.gakveTilis Tema _ `SuamdinareTis xelovneba~

1. ras ganvmartavT?2. romel istoriul epoqas miekuTvneba es cneba/Suamdina-

reTis xelovneba/kultura?3. ra maxasiaTeblebi ganasxvavebs SuamdinareTis xelovne-

bas Zveli samyaros sxva civilizaciebis kulturisagan?4. romel qveynebsa da kulturebs moicavs SuamdinareTis

xelovneba?

III.1. nimuSi 8.

gakveTilis Tema _ `ferTa samyaro~

1. ras ganvmartavT? (kontrastul ferebs)2. rogor ferebs miekuTvneba kontrastuli ferebi?3. ra maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva kontrastuli ferebi monaTesave ferebisagan?4. romeli mxatvrebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli kon-trastuli ferebisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba? daasaxeleT magaliTebi.

98 99

ganmartebiT CarCoze muSaobisas moswavleebi ar ifar glebian axali cnebebisa Tu terminologiis viwro ganmartebiT. ganmartebiTi CarCos gamoyenebiT isini, ra Tqma unda, ukeT acnobiereben axal masalas, amasTan, mra-valmxriv ganixilaven, rac, Tavis mxriv, qmnis safuZvels Semdeg ukve gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebisaTvis.

5. argumentaciis CarCo moicavs informacias, romelic sayuradReboa konkretuli argumentis gasamyareblad da exmareba moswavleebs kritikuli azrovnebisa da ar-gumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi. argumentaciis CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze dayrdnobiT moswavleebs mohyavT informacia, romelsac konkretul argumentamde mivyavarT, mohyavT magaliTebi am argumen-tis gasamyareblad.

argumentaciis CarCos sanimuSo kiTxvebi:

1. ra informacias mivyavarT argumentamde?2. romelia maTgan mTavari mtkicebuleba/argumenti?3. ra magaliTebi an ganmartebebia warmodgenili argumentis gasamyareblad?4. ra daTmobebi keTdeba argumentis gasamyareblad?

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg (SeiZleba individu-alurad an wyvilSi Seasrulon) moswavleebi iyofian jgufebad, adareben (aanalizeben) maT versiebs, msjeloben maT irgvliv da akeTeben saTanado daskvnebs, romelTac Semdeg Tanaklaselebs acnoben. dasasruls xdeba mosaz-rebaTa Sejameba-Sejereba.

6. problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli CarCo exmareba moswavleebs problemis Camoyalibebasa da misi gadaWris gzebis identifikaciis ganxorcielebaSi. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli svams problemas, moswavleebi msjeloben mis irgvliv. msjelobis procesSi iyeneben problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebs.

problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli CarCos sani-muSo kiTxvebi:

1. ra mtkicebulebebi gansazRvravs sakiTxis problemurobas?2. raSi mdgomareobs gamosavali?3. kidev ra gza isaxeba?4. problemis aRmofxvris romeli gzaa yvelaze realuri da ratom?

ganxilul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze msjelobisa da sakuTari mosazrebebis urTierTgaziarebis procesSi moswavleebi ukeT acnobiereben problemis aRmofxvris romeli gza/saSualeba aris gansakuTrebiT efeqturi da asabuTeben mas.

SejamebasTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli Canawerebis gakeTeba, romelic SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis davalebe-biT/savarjiSoebiT iyos warmodgenili. davalebebze muS-aobisas moswavleebi iviTareben unar-Cvevebs, Tu rogor Camoayalibon yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia, saku-Tari mosazreba, gaakeTon komentari da sxv., rac Sej-amebis arss warmoadgens.

aRniSnuli meTodis efeqturobis kvlevebma daadas-

100 101

tura, rom sayuradReboa iseTi davalebebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba, romlebic orientirebulia ara aTvisebuli informaciis gadmocemaze, aramed saazrovno, analitikuri tipis Canawerebis gakeTebaze.

Canawerebi, erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs ukve gaazrebuli masalis gameoreba-ganmtkicebas, gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebas, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyofs kritikuli az-rovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-CvevaTa ganviTarebas. ise rogorc Sejamebis SemTxvevaSi, amjera-dac efeqturia grafikuli sqemebis gamoyeneba.

ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri

citata Kkomentari

am sqemaze muSaoba gamoiyeneba moswavlis kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, damoukide-beli muSaobis unarebis ganviTarebisaTvis. mocemuli sqemis pirvel grafaSi (`citata~) moswavleebs SevTava-zebT Caweros citata saxelmZRvanelodan (SesaZlebelia am mizniT sxva saxis informaciis gamoyenebac), romelTan dakavSirebiTac sakuTar mosazrebebs Cawers sqemis meore nawilSi (`komentari~).

III.1. nimuSi 9.1. `mimaCnia, rom ferweris nimuSebi unda iyos yov-

elTvis sasiamovno, sasixarulo da lamazi. cxovrebaSi isedac bevri ramaa mosawyeni da xelovnurad nuRar davumatebT axals~ (ogiust renuari).

2.`ferweraoTaxebismosarTaviararis!igiTav-dacvisadaTavdasxmis mZlavri iaraRia!~ (pablo pi-kaso).

3. `muzeumi sruliadac ar aris fufunebisa da amaoebis saganTa usargeblo Tavmoyra-Sekreba... muzeumi unda iqces udidesi mniSvnelobis kerad, sadac aRmz-rdelebi waiyvanen aRsazrdelebs, mamebi _ Svilebs, ax-algazrdebi geniosTa qmnilebebis xilvisas SeigrZno-ben, Tu mecnierebis an xelovnebis romel saxes irCevs maTi buneba~ (Jak lui davidi).

kornelis dafa

pirveladi komentari meoradi komentari

diagramis gamoyeneba efeqturia xelovnebis nimuSis ganxilvisas.

sqemis marcxena nawilSi moswavleebi akeTeben Cana-wers _ pirvelad (faqtobriv) komentars gansaxilvel

102 103

nawarmoebTan dakavSirebiT. ZiriTadad, moswavleebi afiq-sireben pirvelad STabeWdilebas, yuradRebas amaxvileben masze, Tu ra aris nawarmoebSi gamosaxuli, gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebasac (ra STabeWdilebas axdens maTze) da sxv., namuSevris detalurad ganxilvis Semdeg ki moswavleebi weren ukve meorad komentars. umetesad, meoradi komentari moicavs gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebis Taviseburebebs (koloriti, sivrcis gadmo-cema, Suq-Crdili, kompozicia da sxv.), amasTan, akavSireben avtoris CanafiqrTan. xelovnebis TiToeuli dargis, Jan-ris, stilis, epoqis/kulturis gaTvaliswinebiT meoradi komentari SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos.

kornelis dafaze muSaoba xels uwyobs rogorc mo-swavlis codnis gamovlenas, ise kritikuli, analitikuri azrovnebis unaris gamovlenas;

`vici, viswavle, minda vicode~

ra vici ra viswavle ra minda vicode

axali Temis dawyebisas moswavleebi akeTeben Canawerebs mocemuli sqemis pirvel grafaSi. Temis das-rulebisas ki, ZiriTadad, Semajamebel gakveTilze, avse-ben meore da mesame grafebs. maswavleblisaTvis mniS-vnelovania Canawerebis analizi, rac naTlad metyvelebs

moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnis aTvisebis xarisxze, agreTve SemecnebiT interesebze, rac naTlad ikveTeba mesame grafaSi Sesrulebul CanawerSi.

`3, 2, 1~E

Cawere 3 Tema/sakiTxi, romlebiTac gansakuTrebiT dainteresdi.

2 Tema/sakiTxi (epoqa/kultura/stili/ xelovani/nawarmoebi), rom-lebTan dakavSirebiTac gagiCnda meti informaciis miRebis interesi.

1 Tema/sakiTxi, romelzec imsjeleb-di amxanagebTan erTad.

wina nimuSis analogiurad, mocemul sqemaze muSaoba mniSvnelovania rogorc SeZenili codnis gamovlenis, sa-kuTari damokidebulebis gadmocemis, ise TviTSefasebis unarebis gamovlenisaTvis. mocemul sqemaze muSaoba Tema-turi ciklis daskvniTi gakveTilisaTvis aris mizanSe-wonili.

sasurvelia, moswavleebi winaswar iyvnen informire-buli, rom TiToeul grafaSi mxolod Temebisa Tu sakiTxebis CamoTvla ar aris sakmarisi. maT unda daasabu-Ton sakuTari mosazrebebi, rac xels Seuwyobs saswavlo masalaze koncentrirebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aZlevs moswavles SesaZleblobas konkretuli Tematuri ciklis gakveTilebze SeZenili codnis xarisxisa da mis mier gamovlenili unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad, imis ga-sacnobiereblad, Tu ra warmatebebs miaRwia, aRniSnos naklovani mxareebic.

104 105

asociaciuri ruka (e.w. àblabuda~)

13

aRniSnuli sakvanZo sityvis irgvliv moswavleebi daweren sityvebs,

frazebs, romlebsac am sityvasTan dakavSirebiT gaixseneben.

amis Semdeg azrobrivad daakavSireben am sityvebs, frazebs rogorc

erTmaneTTan, ise sayrden sityvasTan da xazebiT SeaerTeben.

nimuSi

bunebissuraTi

zRvisxedebi

peizaJi

portreti

anima-listuri

yofiTimiTolo-giuri

istori-uli

natur-morti

qalaqisxedi

dazguri ferweris Janrebi

leonardo da vinCi, `jokonda~

gudiaSvili,`firosmanis portreti~

firosmani,`Sveli peizaJis fonze~

firosmani,`Jirafi~

piter breigeli,`qorwilisofelSi~

Sardeni,`locva sadilis

win~

serovi, èvropas motaceba~

gudiaSvili,`sakadrisi pasuxi~

delakrua,`Tavisufleba barikadebze~

van gogi, `mzesumzirebi~

kakabaZe, ìmeruli

naturmorti~

aivazovski, `Savi zRva~

pisaro, `franguli operis

moedani~

levitani, òqros

Semodgoma~

axvlediani, `siRnaRis gzaze~

asociaciuri ruka gamoiyeneba moswavleTa yuradRebis maqsimaluri mobilizebisa da koncentraciis, azrovnebis gaaqtiurebis, SeZenili codnis gamovlena-ganmtkicebis, Sejamebis mizniT.

dafis an furclis centrSi iwereba sayrdeni sityva/fraza, romelic SeiZleba aRniSnavdes konkretul ter-mins, xelovnebis dargs, Janrs, konkretul epoqas, mxat-vrul mimarTulebas/stils, xelovanis vinaobas a.S.

aRniSnuli sakvanZo sityvis irgvliv moswavleebi weren sityvebs, frazebs, romlebsac am sityvasTan/fra-

zasTan dakavSirebiT gaixseneben. amis Semdeg azrobrivad akavSireben am sityvebs, frazebs rogorc erTmaneTTan, ise sayrden sityvasTan da gamosaxaven xazebiT.

am meTodis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc indi-vidualuri, ise wyvilSi da jgufuri muSaobisas.

saorganizacio sqema/drois cxrili

sqemaze muSaoba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens sabazo skolaSi im Tematuri ciklebis gakveTilebze, romlebic eZRvneba msoflio xelovnebis istoriis calkeuli etapebis, mxatvruli mimarTulebis/stilis

106 107

Seswavlas da exmareba moswavleebs qronologiis dadge-nasa da danaxvaSi. sqemaze muSaoba moiTxovs moswavlis fokusirebas im mTliani movlenis qronologiuri sura-Tis aRdgenasa da Tanmimdevrul dafiqsirebaze, romelsac iTvaliswinebs davalebis piroba. ase magaliTad, Zveli egvi ptis xelovneba, Sua saukuneebis arqiteqtura, rene-sansi, XX saukunis umniSvnelovanesi stilebi/mimdina-reobebi da sxv. sasurvelia, sqemaze muSaoba ar Semoi-farglos mxolod qronologiis principiT da SeZenili codnis safuZvelze moswavleebma daafiqsiron mokle in-formacia mniSvnelovan faqtebze, movlenebze da a.S.

movlenaTa jaWvi

aRniSnul sqemaze muSaoba iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa mier garkveuli movlenebis/faqtebis urTierTkavSiris gamovlenas. xels uwyobs codnis transferis, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis danaxvis, analitikuri, argumen-tirebuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, Sefasebisa da TviT-Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

ukuqceviTi swavlebis meTodigarda grafikuli sqemebisa, sayuradReboa aranakleb

efeqturi sxva meTodebis ganxilvac, romlebic SeiZleba gakveTilis sxvadasxva etapze ganxorcieldes imis gaT-valiswinebiT, Tu ra saswavlo miznebia dasaxuli konkre-tuli gakveTilis winaSe maswavleblis mier. erT-erTi aseTi meTodia ukuqceviTi swavlebis meTodi, romelic sxvebTan SedarebiT safuZvlianad aris gamokvleuli. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia am meTodis gamoyeneba teqstze muSaobisas, axali masalis axsnis procesSi. es meTodi xels uwyobs teqstis safuZvlianad gagebas da moicavs analitikur aqtivobebs: mocemuli informaciis Sejameba, axsna, kiTxvebis dasma da sxv. am tipis davalebisaTvis SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmZRvaneloSi moce-muli an Tundac, alternatiuli wyaroebidan moZiebuli teqsti.

ukuqceviTi swavlebis meTodis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi etapebia:

• moswavleebi muSaoben jgufurad _ ecnobin axa-li sagakveTilo masalis teqsts. Tavdapirvelad isini Cumad kiTxuloben teqstis maTTvis gansazRvrul seg-ments. maTgan gansxvavebiT, moswavle, romelsac lideris funqcia akisria, cdilobs teqstis Sejamebas da Sedegs acnobs Tanajgufelebs. moswavleebs saWiroebisamebr, SeaqvT garkveuli damatebebi an raime saxis cvlilebe-bi. magaliTad, yuradRebas amaxvileben teqstSi mocemul yvelaze mniSvnelovan informaciaze, winadadebaze, fraza-ze, rac maT teqstis konkretuli monakveTis SejamebaSi daexmareba;

•moswavleebi,immosazrebiT,Turamdenadgasagebadaxsnes maT axali informacia, svamen kiTxvebs, romle-bze pasuxis gacemac nebismieri jgufis wevrs SeuZlia.

108 109

kiTxva-pasuxis procesi exmareba moswavleebs yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciis identificirebaSi.

• TiToeulijgufi acnobsTanaklaselebsteqstisgaurkvevel nawilebs, romelTac Semdeg individualurad an erToblivad azusteben (uxsnian erTmaneTs).

• aqtivobis dasasruls xdeba sruli informaciisSejameba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba.

Sereuli teqsti

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyeneba efeqturia SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebis, konkretuli Temis/sakiTxis Seja-mebis mizniT.

e.w. `Sereuli teqstis~ meTodi gulisxmobs mo-swavleebisaTvis Sereuli informaciis miwodebas ori (SesaZlebelia, metic) Janris, mxatvruli mimdinare-obis, epoqis, xelovanis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. teqstis momzadebisas maswavlebeli iTval-iswinebs, rom ar gamoiyenos sakvanZo sityvebi/frazebi (magaliTad, xelovanis vinaoba, konkretuli epoqa, mxat-vruli mimarTuleba da sxv.), rac Seadgens aRniSnuli meTodis arss.

moswavleebma unda gansazRvron da gaakeTon teqst-Si saTanado aRniSvnebi, Tu teqstis romeli monakveTi romel mxatvrul mimdinareobasTan, JanrTan, xelovanTan da a.S. aris dakavSirebuli.

Sereuli teqstis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc individualuri, ise wyvilSi, gansakuTrebiT efeqturi ki _ jgufuri muSaobisas.

III.1. nimuSi 10.elene axvlediani _ firosmaniSesaniSnavi qarTveli fermweri peizaJis didosta-

tad aris aRiarebuli. igi TviTnaswavli mxatvari iyo. hqonda Zneli da mZime cxovreba. duqnebis, sardafebis kedlebze xatavda peizaJebs, naturmortebs, portretebs, dResaswaulebs. gansakuTrebiT uyvarda mxatvars Zve-li Tbilisis ubnebis, Tbilisuri aWrelebuli aivnebis, agreTve mSobliuri kaxeTis xedebis xatva.

misi saukeTeso namuSevrebia: `daTvi mTvarian Rame-Si~, `zamTari kaxeTSi~, `saxli kldeze~, `wiTelperanga mebaduri~, `siRnaRis gzaze~, `gogona wiTeli sahaero burTiT~, `Sveli~, `Jirafi~, `zamTari~. `metexi~ da mravali sxv.

xelovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodi

xelovnebis maswavleblisaTvis gansakuTrebiT sayu-radReboa, Tu ra formiT unda warmarTos klasSi xe-lovnebis nimuSis analizi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania xe-lovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodis gamoyeneba. cxadia, maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs swavlebis safexurs, moswavleTa momzadebis dones, konkretuli nawarmoebis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT Taviseburebebs.

xelovnebis nimuSis analizis etapebi

1. momzadeba: es etapi gulisxmobs maswavleblis mier Sesabamisi atmosferos Seqmnas, bavSvebis Semzadebas imi-saTvis, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania maTi azri namuSevarze, romelsac gaecnobian. saWiroa moswavleebma gaacnobieron,

110 111

rom, ramdeni adamianic arsebobs, SeiZleba imdeni mosaz-reba gaCndes da yvela maTgani Taviseburad sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovania. am etapze umjobesia maswavlebelma ar miawodos zedmeti informacia namuSevris Sesaxeb, raTa ar moaxdinos gavlena moswavleTa pirvel STabeW-dilebaze da ar SeuSalos maT xeli azris gamoTqmaSi. namuSevris gacnoba aRmoCenis procesi unda iyos;

2. pirveli STabeWdilebis gamoxatva: am etapze moswav-leebma spontanurad unda gamoTqvan/Caiweron pirveli STabeWdilebebi. Canawerebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli daskvniT etapze: moswavlem Tval-naTliv dainaxos, Tu rogor `gaizarda~ analizis pro-cesSi, agreTve miRebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis safuZvelze scados pirveli STabeWdilebis axsna;

3. aRwera: am etapze unda moxdes sagnebis, gamosaxule-bebis da a.S. dasaxeleba da ar aris mniSvnelovani moswav-leTa yuradRebis fokusireba namuSevarSi gamoyenebul mxatvrul xerxebze, Sesabamisad, mocemuli etapisaTvis sakmarisia ganisazRvros minimaluri dro;

4. analizi: am etapze moswavle cdilobs gaaanalizos, Tu rogor aRwevs mxatvari konkretul efeqts. SesaZle-belia, moswavleebi daubrundnen pirvel STabeWdilebebs da gaaanalizon, Tu ra xerxebis gamoyenebam gansazRvra maTi Tavdapirveli reaqcia. Sesabamisad, mocemul etapze mizanSewonilia Semdegi tipis kiTxvebis dasma:

•rammii pyroTqveniyuradRebanamuSevarSi?•xomarxedavTraimekavSirsimsagnebsSoris,ro-

melic CamoTvaleT nawarmoebis aRweris etapze? •ramaxasiaTeblebsxedavTnamuSevarSi(xazisgamom-

saxvelobiToba, koloriti, kompozicia da a.S.)? am etapze moswavleebi cdiloben amoicnon, ra mxat-

vruli xerxebi gamoiyena mxatvarma da ar amaxvileben

yuradRebas personalur interpretaciaze. 5. interpretaciis etapi: am etapze mniSvnelovania mo-

swavleebma gamoavlinon interpretaciis unari. Sesabam-isad, mizanSewonilia Semdegi tipis kiTxvebis dasma:

•rogorfiqrobT,raCanafiqrihqondaavtors?•raarisamnamuSevrisTema?•rasgamoxatavsesnamuSevari?daa.S.6. informaciis Segrovebis etapi: am etapze maswavle-

belma xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleTa dainteresebas, rom maT moiZion rac SeiZleba meti informacia konkre-tul namuSevarTan/mxatvris SemoqmedebasTan dakavSire-biT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TviTonac miawodos mkafio, moswavleTaTvis saintereso informacia. mocemul etapze SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebs kvleviTi pro-eqtis ganxorcielebac ki SesTavazos;

7. informaciaze (codnaze) dayrdnobili Sefaseba: es aris refleqsuri aqtivoba. moswavleebi ubrundebian pirvel STabeWdilebebs. maswavlebeli svams Semdegi tipis kiTxvebs:

• Seicvala Tu ara Tqveni azri/emocia namuSevarzepirveli STabeWdilebis Semdeg?

•TuSeicvala,_rogor?•scadeTTqvenipirveliSTabeWdilebisaxsna.•xomargagonebTesnamuSevariamansxvaavtoris

namuSevars, romelic adre ginaxavT? • ra SeiZleba gamoiyenoT praqtikul saqmianobaSi

mocemuli nimuSis ganxilvis Semdeg?

ise rogorc sxva meTodebs, xelovnebis nimuSis etapo-brivi ganxilvis meTodsac maswavlebeli SemoqmedebiTad, amasTan, sxvadasxva faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiye-nebs (asakobrivi Taviseburebebi, moswavleTa SesaZle-blobebi, interesebi, sabazo codna da sxv.).

112 113

Tavi IV. xelovnebis gakveTilis

dagegmva, marTva da evaluacia

IV.1. xelovnebis gakveTilis dagegmvis

zogadi principebi

motivacia. saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebidan gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens motivaciis Seqmna konkretuli saswavlo masalisadmi, rac aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli gakveTilis dagegmvis pro-cesSi. maswavlebeli mkafiod gansazRvravs gakveTilis saswavlo miznebsa da amocanebs, iTvaliswinebs misaRwev Sedegebs, irCevs saTanado aqtivobebs, romlebic daexmare-ba mas sagnobrivi standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli ori-entirebis realizebaSi; gansazRvravs TiToeuli aqtivo-bisaTvis saWiro dros, miznobrivad irCevs da amzadebs gakveTilisaTvis saWiro resurss.

motivaciis Seqmnis mizniT mniSvnelovania gakveTi-lis dawyeba saklaso msjelobiT, STabeWdilebebis ga-ziarebiT, dakvirvebiT, eqsperimentis CatarebiT da sxv. mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili am mizniT gonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyeneba, saswavlo masalis dakavSireba rogorc moswavleTa cxovrebiseul gamoc-dilebasTan, ise wina klasebSi, agreTve, sxva sagnebSi SeZenil codnasTan.

msjelobis procesSi moswavleebi mravalmxriv ga-nixilaven konkretuli Temas, gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas, gamoTqvamen varauds, mohyavT saTanado argumentebi. mocemul etapze ikveTeba gakveTilis Tema, konkretuli sakiTxi.

motivacia aris Sinagani procesi, romelic moswavles

garkveuli qmedebebisken ubiZgebs da romelTac saTanado miznis misaRwevad mimarTavs. saswavlo procesSi mo-tivaciis Seqmna mniSvnelovania, ramdenadac ganapirobebs moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa da unarebis realizebas, Sesabamisad, maRali akademiuri moswrebis miRwevisa da umniSvnelovanesi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis Tvalsaz-risiT.

fsiqologebi ganarCeven ori tipis motivacias _ e.w. garegansa da Sinagans. garegani motivaciisaTvis mniSvnelovania garegani faqtorebi (Seqeba, waxaliseba, jildo da sxv.). Sinagani motivaciis aRsaZvrelad mniS-vnelovania moswavleTa cnobismoyvareobis, Sinagani in-teresis gaRviZeba, rac maT azrovnebisken, fiqrisa da aR-moCenisaken ubiZgebs. aRniSnuli aisaxeba maT qmedebebze da moswavleebi aRweven dasaxul miznebs.

Sinagani motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis xelovnebis gakveTilze sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyenebaa SesaZle-beli. magaliTad:

•dawyebiTklasebSiTamaSistipis,moswavleTaTvissaxaliso aqtivobebis SeTavazeba;

•alternatiulidavalebebismicema.amSemTxvevaSimoswavleebs SeuZliaT airCion davaleba maTi intere-sebis mixedviT; magaliTad, pompei);

• damoukidebeli msjelobisa da gansxvavebuli mo-sazrebebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;

•axaliTemis/sakiTxismoswavleTacxovrebiseulga-mocdilebasTan, maT interesebTan dakavSireba;

• saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis aqtiuri, mraval-ferovani formebis gamoyeneba;

•cdebis,dakvirvebebisaqtiuradgamoyeneba(swavlakeTebiT);

•moswavleTaCarTvasxvadasxvatipissaganmanaTleb-

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lo resursis miznobrivad SerCevasa da gamoyenebaSi. maga-liTad, sxvadasxva wyarodan (albomidan, enciklopediidan, Jurnal-gazeTebidan, internetidan da a.S.) mravalmxrivi informaciis moZieba, romelic SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli ara mxolod konkretuli Temis Ses-wavlisas, aramed mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi eseebze, pro-eqtebze muSaobisas, saklaso diskusiebis warmarTvisas da a.S.

•ZiriTadresurssSeadgensreproduqciebi,fotoma-sala, saswavlo plakatebi, agreTve, sxvadasxva saxis sqema, cxrili, diagrama, samuSao baraTi saTanado informaciiTa Tu instruqciiT da sxv.

• sayuradReboa moswavleTa miermaTTvissaintere-so kiTxvebis, mosazrebebis, ideebis (eseebis, diskusiebis, proeqtebisTvis, Tundac, saklaso/saskolo gamofenebis, speqtaklebis, sxvadasxva Sinaarsis aqciebis organize-bisaTvis da sxv.) Canawerebis Tavmoyra da miznobrivad gamoyeneba. Mamgvarad, moswavleTa mier moZiebuli/Seqmni-li resursi SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxiT iyos Tavmoyrili:

1. calkeul xelovanTa cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis amsaxvel portfolioebSi;

2. konkretul mxatvrul mimdinareobasTan dakavSire-biT (mag., `impresionizmi~);

3. romelime epoqasTan (mag., `aRorZineba~) an kul-turasTan dakavSirebiT (mag., `Zveli egvi ptis xelovne-ba~)

4. portfolioSi _ `Cveni mosazrebebi, ideebi~ da sxv.

• motivaciis asamaRleblad, sasurvelia, TiToeulmamoswavlem Seqmnas sakuTari portfolio, romelSic Seva mis mier Sesrulebuli weriTi namuSevrebi, damoukide-blad moZiebuli/Seqmnili resursi da, ra Tqma unda, praq-

tikuli namuSevrebi.gasaTvaliswinebelia garegani motivaciis mizniT

gamo yenebuli strategiebic. magaliTad:•moswavlismiermiRweulikargiangaumjobesebuli

SedegebisaTvis garkveuli saxis jildos an `saCuqris~ gamoyeneba. am mizniT SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes maRali qula, Semajamebeli testidan gaTavisufleba da sxv.;

•werilobiTiansityvieriSeqeba,rodesacyuradRebamaxvildeba moswavlis miRwevebze.

• SemoqmedebiTi konkursebis, gamofenebis, aqciebis,diskusiebis organizeba da sxv.

amgvarad, maswavlebeli sistematurad unda iTval-iswinebdes moswavleTa motivaciis amaRlebis aucile-blobas da mizanmimarTulad da Tanmimdevrulad geg-mavdes da axorcielebdes. motvaciis amaRlebis mizniT sxvadasxvagvari strategiis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi jgufis Tavise-burebebi, konkretuli moswavlis individualuri mona-cemebi, SesaZleblobebi, interesebi da sxv. motivaciis formebis (Sinagani, garegani), strategiebis varireba sa-surveli Sedegis miRwevis umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa.

sakiTxis dasma, amocanis gansazRvra. gakveTilis dasawyis-Sive saswavlo masalidan (ZiriTadi Temidan/sakiTxidan) gamomdinare, maswavlebeli naTlad, mkafiod ayalibebs da moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis ZiriTad mizans, dasaxavs konkretul amocanas. Aam mxriv mniSvnelovania mizan-mimarTuli kiTxvebis, Sesabamisi, amasTan, mravalmxrivi sailustracio nimuSebis an sxva saxis resursis gamo-yeneba.

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ZiriTadi saswavlo masala. ZiriTadi saswavlo masa-lis gacnoba-Seswavla SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva saxiT (masalis Sinaarsis, specifikis, mocu-lobis, agreTve swavlebis konkretuli safexuris gaT-valiswinebiT). maswavlebeli winaswar gansazRvravs, Tu saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis romel formas gamoiyenebs konkretul gakveTilze. ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani:

•sagakveTilomasaliskiTxvisas,moswavleebiteqs-tis TiToeuli monakveTis Sesabamisad akeTeben Semdegi saxis aRniSvnebs:

+ (informacia nacnobia)- (informacia ucnobia)? (informaciis gacnobis Sedegad gaCnda kiTxvebi,

romelTac moswavleebi calke iniSnaven, Semdeg ki svamen klasSi).

•TiToeulijgufiyuradRebiTecnobasaswavlote-qstidan maTTvis gankuTvnil monakveTs, Sesabamis sailus-tracio masalas, ris safuZvelzec jgufis wevrebi Se-ecdebian auxsnan Tanaklaselebs maT mier ganxiluli monakveTis Sinaarsi (urTierTswavlebis meTodi);

• jgufis wevrebi erToblivad ecnobian mTliansagakveTilo masalas da aseve erToblivad pasuxoben interaqtivis SekiTxvebs, muSaobis dasrulebisas ki ac-noben Tanaklaselebs maT mosazrebebs. SesaZlebelia, msje lobis procesSi gaCndes gansxvavebuli azri, versia.

•sagakveTilomasalisgacnobisSemdegjgufiamza-debs da Tanaklaselebs usvams kiTxvebs saxelmZRvanelo-Si mocemuli konkretuli informaciis, Tundac, sailus-tracio nimuSebis irgvliv. SesaZlebelia, TiToeuli jgufis wevrebma kiTxvebi daafiqsiron baraTebze, gadas-cen sxva jgufis moswavleebs da mxolod amis Semdeg upasuxon erTmaneTis SekiTxvebs.

• sagakveTilo masalis gacnobis Semdeg jgufiswevrebs SeuZliaT gaakeTon, maTi azriT, gansakuTrebiT saintereso informaciasTan dakavSirebuli Canawerebi (magaliTad, mniSvnelovani TariRebi, movlenebi, faqtebi, Tundac, terminebis ganmartebebi da sxv.).

sawyis etapze Sesasrulebeli savarjiSoebi SeiZleba sak-maod mravalferovani iyos, moicavdes rogorc praqti-kul, ise SemecnebiT saqmianobas. kerZod:

•gansxvavebuliepoqis/stilis/dargis/Janris/xelovanis namuSevrebis amocnoba, Sedareba;

•konkretulinimuSisganxilvaSesabamisistoriul,religiur, kulturul konteqstSi;

•pasuxirTul,`saazrovno~kiTxvaze,sakuTaripozi-ciis dasabuTeba;

•konkretuliTemissxvasagnebSiSeZenilcodnasTan,cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan dakavSireba;

•praqtikulisamuSaosSesruleba,romelzemuSaobacdrois mcire monakveTisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli da sxv.

damagvirgvinebel etapze Sesasrulebeli samuSaosaTvis gansazRvruli savarjiSoebis mizania, xeli Seuwyos mo-swavleTa mier SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebasa da gaaq-tiurebas. muSaobis formebis SerCevas, cxadia, gansaz-Rvravs gakveTilis Temis, konkretuli saswavlo masalis specifika. am mizniT SegviZlia gamoviyenoT diskusia, muSaoba proeqtze, sxvadasxva Sinaarsis SemoqmedebiTi davalebebi da sxv.

damoukidebeli samuSao, rogorc saswavlo masalis wardgenis bolo etapi, sakmaod mniSvnelovania. swored damoukidebeli muSaobis Sedegi warmoaCens TvalnaTliv,

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Tu ramdenad gaacnobiera moswavlem axali saswavlo masala, ris safuZvelzec igi avlens dakvirvebulobis, kritikuli, analitikuri azrovnebis, argumentirebuli msjelobisa da sxva unarebs. am etapze SesaZlebelia moswavleTaTvis sxvadasxva saxis sqemebsa da diagrama-ze muSaobis SeTavazeba, rogoricaa àsociaciuri ruka~ (àblabuda~), `kornelis dafa~, `vici, viswavle, minda vi-code~, `venis diagrama~, `T-diagrama~, òrmxriv CanawerTa dRiuri~, `3, 2, 1~ da sxv. Amocemul etapze mizanSewo-nilia agreTve muSaoba diagnostikur masalaze (testi, krosvordi), agreTve weriT namuSevrebze (ese, moxseneba, referati da sxv.).

ganxiluli da sxva tipis sqemebsa da diagrame-bze muSaoba moswavleebs gauadvilebs Sesaswavli Te-mis gaazrebasa da aRqmas, ganuviTarebs dakvirvebulobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis, agreTve damoukidebeli muSaobis, Sefasebisa da TviTSe-fasebis unar-Cvevebs.

IV.2. xelovnebis gakveTilis

konstruirebis Taviseburebebi

saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas sayuradReboa mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, raTa gakveTi-li efeqturad warimarTos da miRweul iqnes konkre-tuli Sedegebi. gakveTilis dagegmvisas, pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania saswavlo miznebis gansazRvra. gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli misaRwevi Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba. swored sas-wavlo miznebSi aisaxeba, Tu ra codna da unar-Cvevebi unda SeiZinon moswavleebma.

saswavlo miznebi ar asaxavs process, is gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegebs. amitomac maswavleblis amocanas Seadgens iseTi miznebis dasaxva, romelTa miRwevac re-aluradaa SesaZlebeli konkretuli sagakveTilo drois farglebSi.

sagnobrivi programiT gansazRvruli indikatore-bi imdenad gansxvavebulia tradiciuli swavlebis moTxovnebisagan, rom Cndeba gakveTilis axleburad gaaz-rebis aucilebloba. Tu uwin mniSvnelovani iyo faqtebis, movlenebis codna-dasaxeleba, maTi aRwera, teqstis ZiriTadi informaciis gadmocema da a.S., amjerad aRniS-nulTan erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia movlenis mizezis axsna, mizezebsa da Sedegebs Soris kavSirebis dadge-na, hi poTezebis (gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis/versiebis) wamoyeneba, dasabuTeba, daskvnebis gakeTeba; problemis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebis Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi produqtis Seqmna xSir SemTxvevaSi ara konkretuli nimuSis safuZvelze, aramed sakuTari mosazrebisamebr (Tema, masala, teqnika, gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi da a.S.);

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muSaoba proeqtebze, monawileobis miReba diskusiebSi, saklaso konferenciebSi, gamofenebis, aqciebis da sxv. organizebaSi.

gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi gamoxatavs imas, rac swavlis procesSi unda iqnes miRweuli, anu ra codna da unar-Cvevebi unda SeiZinon moswavleebma (icodnen, gaigon, aRweron, Seadaron, Seqmnan, gaaanalizon, Seafason). miznebi unda ukavSirdebodes saswavlo gegmis Sedegebs, rac qm-nis safuZvels moswavleebis progresis Semowmebis, aseve maswavleblebis TviTSefasebisaTvis, Sesabamisad, gansaz-Rvravs mosalodnel saswavlo Sedegebs.

gakveTilis dagegmvisas aucilebelia winapirobebis gaTvaliswineba, anu ra codna da unarebi aris aucilebeli axali masalis `dasaSeneblad~, imisaTvis, rom gakveTili iyos warmatebuli.

gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad xdeba aq-tivobebis gansazRvra, romelTa saSualebiTac maswavle-belma unda uzrunvelyos sagnobrivi standartiT gansaz-Rvruli orientirebis realizeba. amisaTvis man mkafiod unda Camoayalibos TiToeuli aqtivobis mizani, gansaz-Rvros saWiro dro, resursi, savaraudo Sedegi. amasTan, TiToeuli aqtivoba unda miesadagebodes saswavlo masa-lis specifikas, moswavleTa asakobriv da individualur Taviseburebebs.

saswavlo gegmaze muSaobisas maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania moswavleTa organizebis sxvadasxva for-mis gamoyeneba _ individualuri, wyvilSi, jgufuri Tu saerTo saklaso. gasaTvaliswinebelia gakveTilze mo-swavleTa saWiro resursiT uzrunvelyofa, rac daexmareba maswavlebels saswavlo procesis efeqturad warmarTva-Si. resursi SeiZleba mravalferovani, amasTan, sxvadasxva tipis iyos (saxelmZRvanelo, samuSao rveuli, vizualuri

masala, statia, samuSao furclebi, praqtikuli saqmi-anobisaTvis aucilebeli mravalmxrivi masala, saswavlo filmi, interneti da sxv.).

gakveTilis dasrulebisas, miRweuli Sedegebis gamo-savlenad efeqturia Semajamebeli tipis aqtivobis dagegmva, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis gamovlenas. ase magaliTad, mo-swavleTa namuSevrebis ganxilva, jgufuri muSaobis Se-jameba-Sefaseba, diagnostikur masalaze muSaoba (testi, krosvordi, ese da sxv.).

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IV.3. integrirebuli gakveTili

realuri samyaros sagnebsa da movlenebs Soris ar-sebul bunebriv kavSirs ar iTvaliswinebda tradici-ul saswavlo procesSi damkvidrebuli damoukidebeli, gancalkevebuli disciplinebis swavleba (disciplina-ruli diferenciacia). erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pri-oritetebis Sesabamisad, saTanado aqtualoba SeiZina moswavleebSi samyaros erTiani xedvis, humanisturi mso-flmxedvelobisa da dialeqtikuri azrovnebis formire-bam.

skolaSi miRebuli gamocdileba, codna da unar-Cvevebi moswavles unda aZlevdes samyaros mTlianoba-Si aRqmis SesaZleblobas, ramdenadac adamiani samyaros mravali sxvadasxva kuTxiT Seimecnebs, Tumca es sa-myaro, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs da moRvaweobs, erTiania da ara danawilebuli sagnebad, sferoebad. Se-sabamisad, saswavlo disci plinebi, romlebic skolaSi iswavleba, unda iTvaliswinebdes erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirs. unar-Cvevebi da sabazo codna, romelsac mo-swavle skolaSi iZens, unda iyos imdenad farTo pro-filis, rom daexmaros mas warmatebis miRwevaSi ara erT romelime, aramed nebismier sferoSi moRvaweobi-sas. movlenebis ganxilva, Sefaseba unda moxdes mra-vali kuTxiT. magaliTad, ferweris nimuSi moswavlem unda gaiazros mravalmxriv (istoriul, religiur, kulturul, socialur) konteqstSi. saswavlo masa-lis mravali kuTxiT ganxilva-Sefaseba, paralelebis gavleba, garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTeba xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi ara mxolod samyaros erTiani xedvis unaris formirebas, aramed uzrunvelyofs Semecnebi-Ti interesebis aRZvras, kritikuli, analitikuri az-

rovnebis Camoyalibebas, codnis transferis unarebis ganviTarebas, rac aucilebelia stereoti pebis da-ZlevisTvis.

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis gaTval-iswinebiT, erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gamoyofilia pri-oritetuli kompetenciebi, romelTa flobasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba axalgazrdebisaTvis Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi TviTrealizaciisa da saTanado adgilis damkvidrebisaTvis. sagnebis swavleba, specifikuri kom-petenciebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, xels unda uwyobdes am prioritetuli gamWoli kompetenciebis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi, romelTa dasauflebladac mniSvnelovani xdeba saswavlo procesSi saganTSorisi kavSirebis damyareba. maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos moswavles, rom erT romelime saganSi SeZenili codna da gamoc-dileba sxvadasxva Sinaarsobriv konteqstSi gadaitanos da gamoiyenos.

integrirebuli gakveTili gulisxmobs sagakveTilo procesSi sul mcire ori sagnis monawileobas (saerTo gamWoli Tematikis qveS gaerTianebulia ramdenime sa-gani) ise, rom maTi Serwyma saSualebas iZleodes aq-tivobebis dagegmvisa da CatarebisaTvis erTi da imave Temis irgvliv. integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvisas arsebiT mniSvnelobas iZens erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT xelmZRvaneloba, romelSic swavlebis safexurebis mixed-viT aris mocemuli informacia im Sedegebsa da indika-torebze, romlebzec unda gadiodes TiToeuli aqtivoba.

sityva ̀ integracia~ gulisxmobs calkeuli nawilebis gaerTianebas erT mTlianobaSi. Sesabamisad, integrirebul gakveTilze saerTo gamWoli Tematikis qveS gaerTianebu-lia ramdenime sagani. ase magaliTad:

•xelovnebadamSobliuriena;

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•xelovnebadamusika;

•xelovnebadaistoria;

•xelovnebadabunebismcodneoba;

•xelovneba,istoriadaliteratura;

•xelovneba,musikadaliteraturadasxv.

integrirebuli gakveTilis pedagogiuri efeqti mra-valmxrivaa sayuradRebo (konkretuli Temis/sakiTxis mravalmxrivi ganxilva, Sefaseba, dakavSireba cxovrebi-seul gamocdilebasTan, sxvadasxva saganSi SeZenili cod-nis gaaqtiureba da gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, motivaciis amaRleba saswavlo procesi-sadmi da a.S.).

integrirebuli gakveTili xels uwyobs moswavlis saazrovno unar-Cvevebis gaaqtiurebas (sagnebisa Tu movlenebis Sedareba, dapirispireba, mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis Zieba da a.S.). garda amisa, uzrunvelyofs gadaRlilobis moxsnas, rasac ganapirobebs erTferovne-ba saswavlo procesSi. moswavleebisaTvis erTgvarad `uCveulo~ gakveTili mravalmxrivi aqtivobebiT aRZravs SemecnebiT interesebs da axdens aqtivobis stimulire-bas. xSir SemTxvevaSi integrirebul gakveTils axlavs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, versiebis warmoSoba, Ziebebi da aRmoCenebi da am procesSi wamyvan rols swored moswavleebi asruleben. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom integ-rirebuli gakveTili exmareba maswavlebels sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gaxsnaSi, rac mniSvnelovania misi profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

integrirebuli gakveTilis momzadeba arastandartu-lobis gamo sakmaod moculobiT mosamzadebel samu Saos moiTxovs, rac iwyeba gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis mka-

fio formulirebiT. saswavlo miznebis Sesatyvisad gan-isazRvreba misaRwevi Sedegebi.

integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvis ZiriTadi etapebia:1. sagakveTilo Tematikisa da partniori maswavleblis

SerCeva.

mocemul etapze SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva SesaZlo variantis ganxilva:

•TavdapirveladmaswavlebeliirCevsTematikasin-tegrirebuli gakveTilisaTvis da Semdeg am Tematikis garSemo xdeba konkretuli partniori maswavleblis/maswavleblebis Semokreba.

IV.3. nimuSi 1.xelovnebis maswavlebels, sagnobrivi stan-

dartis mixedviT dagegmili aqvs muSaoba garkveul Tematikaze. misi azriT, es sakiTxi SeiZleba ufro safuZvlianad da mravalmxriv damuSavdes interdis-ci plinaruli ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi (integracia is-toriasa da lite raturasTan/musikasTan). am ideiT igi mimarTavs imave klasTan momuSave istoriisa da literaturis maswavleblebs da maTgan Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, isini jgufurad iwyeben integrirebul gakveTilze muSaobas.

•SesaZlebelia,sxvadasxvasagnis2/3-mamaswavlebel-ma erToblivad miiRos gadawyvetileba integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvisa da Catarebis Taobaze da mxolod Semdeg moxdes sagakveTilo Tematikis SerCeva.

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IV.3. nimuSi 2.erTi klasis maswavleblebi gadawyveten integri-

rebuli gakveTilis erToblivad dagegmvasa da Catare-bas, radgan, maTi azriT, interdisciplinaruli midgoma udavod efeqturia da Sedegiani, vidre masalis ganker-Zoebuli aTviseba. isini erToblivad irCeven gamWol Tematikas, romelic saerToa sxvadasxva sagnisaTvis da Semdeg iwyeben muSaobas integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvaze.

2. integrirebuli gakveTilis Temis, saswavlo miznebisa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis da-zusteba.

mocemul etapze samuSao jgufis wevrebi erToblivad muSaoben integrirebuli gakveTilis Tematikaze, iTval-iswineben, rom SerCeuli Tema erTdroulad ukavSir-debodes da exebodes yvela monawile sagans. ganisazRvre-ba SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis farglebSi TiToeuli sagnisaTvis erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sedegebi, rac Seadgens saorientacio wertils gakveTi-lis saswavlo miznebisa da Semdgom aqtivobebis dageg-mvisaTvis.

amave etapze xdeba integrirebuli gakveTilisaTvis winapirobebis gansazRvra calkeuli sagnebis mixedviT (ra codnasa da unarebs floben moswavleebi). anal-izis safuZvelze ikveTeba moswavleTa Zlieri da susti mxareebi, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia dasaxuli Sedegebis misaRwevad.

3. Sedegebze orientirebuli aqtivobebis dagegmva.samuSao jgufis wevrebi irCeven efeqturi swavlebis

strategiebs, gegmaven adekvatur aqtivobebs, gansazRvraven TiToeuli aqtivobis mizansa da misi ganxorcielebisa-Tvis saWiro dros, resurss. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am tipis gakveTilze saswavlo masala ar unda iyos gadat-virTuli Warbi informaciiT, amasTan, unda Seesabamebodes saswavlo datvirTvis limits.

mniSvnelovania, rom jer kidev integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmvis procesSi ganisazRvros moswavle-Ta codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Sefasebis formebi, rac sak-maod mravalferovani SeiZleba iyos. Sefasebis sistemis efeqturi gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania rogorc miRebuli Sedegebis gaanalizebis, gakveTilis Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT, ise zogadad, maswav-leblis profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

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IV.4. moswavleTa codnisa da

unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba

swavlisa da swavlebis procesis erT-erTi mniS-vnelovani nawilia moswavleTa codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba. swored Sefasebis saSualebiT aris SesaZle-beli moswavleTa miRwevebis saswavlo gegmiTa da sa-gnobrivi standartiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan Sesa-bamisobis dadgena. Sefasebisas ikveTeba ara mxolod moswavlis miRwevebi, misi winsvla, aramed xarvezebic mis ganviTarebaSi, sxvadasxva saxis problema, rac maswavleb-els aZlevs mravalmxriv sayuradRebo informacias.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Sefasebas Semdegi umniS-vnelovanesi funqciebi aqvs:

1. moswavlis winsvlisa da xarvezebis gamovlena da Semdgom misi swavlis xelSewyoba;

2. saswavlo programebis, konkretuli meTodikis Semowmeba da srulyofa.

gakveTilis dagegmvisa da warmarTvis procesSi mas-wavlebeli acnobierebs, Tu konkretulad ra, rodis da rogor unda Seafasos. am mxriv misTvis sayuradReboa saswavlo miznebisa da Sedegebis dakavSireba, anu ra miznebi unda daisaxos, rom konkretul, realur Sede-gebs miaRwevs; gansazRvravs im saSualebebs (saTanado aqtivobebs, saswavlo-TvalsaCino da didaqtikur masalas da sxv.), romlebiTac igi am Sedegebs miaRwevs. Sefasebis sandoobas ganapirobebs mizanmimarTulad gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi, aqtivobebi da mkafiod Camoyalibebuli davalebebis instruqciebi, Se-

fasebis kriteriumebi da, ra Tqma unda, maswavleblis saTanado profesiuli kompetencia.

mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba iyos Ria da gamWvirvale moswavleebisaTvis, maT icodnen, Tu ra saxis meqanizme-bi da kriteriumebi iqneba gamoyenebuli maTi codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Semowmeba-SefasebisaTvis. sasurvelia, moswavleebi Tavadac iyvnen CarTuli Sefasebis krite-riumebis dadgenasa da Sefasebis sqemebis SemuSavebaSi, TviTSefasebisa da amxanagebis Sefasebis procesSi.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT ganisazRvra Sefasebis ori ZiriTadi forma: ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli. TiToeuli maTgani swavlisa da swavlebis aucilebel da sistemur nawils warmoadgens.

ganmaviTarebeli SefasebiT, rac gulisxmobs swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofas, swavlebis pro-cesSi TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis maqsimalur xelSewyobas, maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs nak-lovani mxareebis gacnobierebasa da aRmofxvraSi, miR-wevebis danaxvasa da samomavlo gzebis dasaxvaSi. am mizniT mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma ganaxorcielos sistematuri dakvirveba TiToeuli moswavlis saqmiano-baze, Seiswavlos maTi SesaZleblobebi, saWiroebebi da gamoiyenos swavlebis procesSi. pedagogiuri efeqtisa-Tvis mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma uzrunvelyos sakuTriv moswavleebis CarTva ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procesSi, Camouyalibos maT TviTSefasebis unari, raTa maT xeli Seuwyon sakuTar winsvlas, rac Tanmimdevru-lad da mizanmimarTulad unda ganxorcieldes.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebels Seu-Zlia gamoiyenos sxvadasxva saSualeba, maT Soris, mka-fio, konkretuli rCevebi, sityvieri komentari, e.w. da-

130 131

kvirvebis baraTebi, Sefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqemebi, TiToeuli moswavlis portfolios Sedgena Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis da sxv. saTanado pedagogiuri efeqtisaTvis sayuradReboa Semajamebel gakveTilebze winaswar momzadebuli baraTebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic dafiqsirdeba TiToeuli moswavlis diagnostikur ma-salaze muSaobis Sedegebi.

dakvirveba ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis erT-erTi meTodia. dakvirveba SeiZleba mravalmxrivi iyos (cod-na, unar-Cvevebi, damokidebulebebi, Rirebulebebi, ini-ciativa, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma d sxv.) konkretuli gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis, Temis/sakiTxis, aqtivo-bebis gaTvaliswinebiT. dakvirvebis Sedegad maswav-lebeli akeTebs Canawerebs _ komentarebs, SeniSvnebs, romlebSic afiqsirebs moswavleTa miRwevebsa Tu problemebs. savldebulo ar aris, rom dakvirvebis baraTebs hqondes raime saxis konkretuli struqtura, Tumca aranakleb efeqturia Canawerebis gakeTeba spe-cialur cxrilebSi konkretuli kriteriumebis mixed-viT. aRniSnuli sqemebis gamoyeneba bevrad aadvilebs ara mxolod Canawerebis gakeTebis teqnikas, aramed Semdgomi analizis processac.

dakvirvebis cxrilis nimuSi

TariRi sax-eli, gvari

saklasodavalebebi

jgufuri muSaoba

organizebu-loba

saSinao davaleba

gamoavlina saswavlo masalis codna, gauWirda sakiTxis sxva kon-teqstSi ganxilva, msjelobda damajere-blad, Tumca naklebad myari ar-gumentebi mohyavda.

Tanak-laselebTan muSaoba misTvis nak-lebad sain-teresoa, nak-lebad Sedis kontaqtSi jgufis wevrebTan, ar avlens iniciativas, uyuradRe-bod tovebs sxvebis azrs/rCevebs.ar avlens Tavdajere-bulobas

hqonda samuSao masala, iT-valiswineb-da drois limits koncentri-rebuli iyo samuSaoze

saSinao dava-leba ar hqonda Sesrule-buli, ar iyo pa-suxismge-blobiT, ver ga-moavlina codna, saTanado praqti-kuli unar-Cvevebi da sxv.

rogorc naTlad Cans mocemuli sqemidan, maswavleb-lis Canawerebi moklea, Tumca konkretuli da sakmaod informaciuli.

komentari. gakveTilis msvlelobisas maswavlebeli sistematurad gamoTqvams azrs TiToeuli moswavlis pasuxTan Tu garkveul qmedebasTan dakavSirebiT, anu akeTebs zepir komentars. komentarebis sistematurad gamoyeneba mniSvnelovan pedagogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili

132 133

_ umaRlebs moswavleebs motivacias, aRuZravs interess, damoukidebeli muSaobis survils, uviTarebs sakuTari Tavis rwmenas da a.S., Tumca, pirvel rigSi, sayuradReboa im kuTxiT, rom moswavle komentaris saxiT iRebs obi-eqtur informacias _ ra warmatebebi aqvs mas konkre-tuli Temis/sakiTxis Seswavlisas, namuSevris Seqmnisas, diskusiebSi, gamofenebsa Tu sxva saxis RonisZiebebSi/aqtivobebSi monawileobisas, an Tundac, ra naklovani mxa-reebi SeiniSneba. mniSvnelovania, rom komentari (zepiri Tu werilobiTi, dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi) iyos zomieri da obieqturi. maswavlebelma yovelTvis unda dainaxos dadebiTi mxareebi, Tundac, minimaluri da mxolod sa-Tanado taqtiT aRniSnos naklovanebebi. gasaTvaliswine-belia isic, rom namuSevris Sefasebisas maswavlebeli afasebs swored namuSevars da ara moswavlis pirovne-bas. sasurvelia, komentari moicavdes garkveuli saxiT konkretul rCevasac.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisagan gansxvavebiT, ganmsaz-Rvrel SefasebaSi iwereba saTanado qulebi Sefasebis ZiriTad komponentebze dayrdnobiT. es komponentebia:

•saSinaodavaleba;•saklasodavaleba;•Semajamebelidavaleba.TiToeuli komponenti saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xe-

lovnebis gakveTilze SeiZleba sakmaod mravalmxrivi formiTa da saSualebiT iqnes warmodgenili. magaliTad:

saSinao davalebisTvis SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes ese, referati, informaciisa Tu sailustracio masalis damoukideblad moZieba, praqtikuli samuSao da a.S., cxa-dia, swavlebis konkretuli safexuris, saswavlo Temis/sakiTxisa da gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad;

mimdinare saklaso davalebebi SesaZlebelia moicavdes Semdegi tipis aqtivobebs:

1. praqtikuli samuSaos Sesruleba, romlis Sefase-bac ganxorcieldeba Semdegi kriteriumebiT:

•organizebuloba;•teqnikis,masalisfloba;•SemoqmedebiToba;•TanamSromlobajgufurimuSaobisdros.2. monawileobis miReba sakuTari da amxanagebis namu-

Sevrebis ganxilvaSi;3. monawileobis miReba konkretuli epoqis/Semoqme-

dis/xelovnebis nimuSis ganxilvis procesSi, rac SeiZle-ba Sefasdes Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT:

•aqtiurimonawileoba;•sakuTariazrisgadmocemadadasabuTeba;•sxvisiazrismimarTpativiscemisdemonstrireba.4. sakuTari da sxvaTa namuSevrebis prezentacia, rac

SeiZleba Sefasdes Semdegi kriteriumebiT:•sakuTariazrisnaTladdamkafiodgadmocema,au-

ditoriasTan kontaqti;•kiTxvebzeadekvaturipasuxisgacema;•TvalsaCinoebisadateqnikurisaSualebebisgamoyeneba;

Semajamebeli davalebis komponenti gulisxmobs garkveu-li saswavlo monakveTis (Temis/Tavis/paragrafis) Ses-wavlis Sedegad sagnobrivi standartiT gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis warmoCenas. Semajamebeli davale-bebis tipebi SesaZlebelia iyos, magaliTad,sakontrolo wera, gamocda, testireba, masStaburi namuSevari, gamofena, ese, referati, proeqti da sxv.

proeqtis Sesrulebisas SesaZlebelia Sefasdes Sem-degi aqtivobebi:

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proeqtis ideis gansazRvra, dagegmva, organizeba, resursis moZieba, wardgena da sxv.

gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda ak-mayofilebdes Semajamebeli davalebebi:

•davalebisTiToeultipsundaaxldesSefasebiszogadi rubrika;

•rubrikaunda iTvaliswinebdes konkretulidava-lebis pirobasa da ganvlil masalas;

• 10 qula unda gadanawildes rubrikaSi Semavalkriteriumebze;

•miTiTebuliundaiyosisSedegebi,romelTaSemow-mebasac emsaxureba konkretuli Semajamebeli davaleba.

Sefasebis sqemebiSefasebis sqemebi, anu rubrikebi mkacrad gansazRvru-

li kriteriumebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. moswav-leTa Sefaseba erTiani sqemiT ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mniSvnelovani formaa da xels uwyobs moswavleTa obi-eqturi Sefasebis ganxorcielebas.

Sefasebis sqemebi SesaZlebelia iyos sxvadasxva tipisa da daniSnulebis. e.w. rubrikebis nimuSebi war-modgenilia sagnobriv saganmanaTleblo standartebSi, magaliTad, rubrikebi:

•xelovnebisnimuSisanalizi;•praqtikulinamuSevrisSefaseba;•prezentaciisunar-Cvevebisgamovlenadasxv.aRniSnuli rubrikebis garda, maswavlebels SeuZlia

Sefasebis sxva tipis sqemebis sakuTari mosazrebisamebr SemuSaveba, cxadia, swavlebis safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT. am SemTxvevaSi sayuradReboa Sefasebis sqemis ZiriTadi kriteriumebisa da TiToeuli maTganis maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra calkeuli doneebis Sesatyvisad.

IV.5. gakveTilis Sefaseba da

maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTareba

saswavlo procesis efeqturobas bevrad gansazRvravs gakveTilis Sefaseba, rac gamokveTs rogorc dadebiT, ise naklovan mxareebs, amasTan, mniSvnelovania maswavleblis Semdgomi profesiul ganviTarebisaTvis.

saswavlo Sedegebis Semowmebis, analizisa da Se-fasebis mizniT, sasurvelia, maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes gakveTilis TviTSefasebis sqemas, romelSic mkafiod iqneba formulirebuli Sefasebis indikatore-bi.

gakveTilis Sefasebis sanimuSo sqema

# gakveTilis Sefasebis indikatorebi ki nawilo-briv

ara

1. ramdenad mkafiod aris formulire-buli gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi?

2. Seesabameba Tu ara maswavleblis strategia gakveTilis saswavlo mi-znebs?

3. ramdenad sworad anawilebs sagakve-Tilo dros?

4. akavSirebs Tu ara axal Temas/saki-Txs ganvlil masalasTan?

5. ramdenad gasagebad awvdis axal ma-salas da rogor amowmebs aTvisebis xarisxs?

6. uzrunvelyofs Tu ara moswavleTa SemecnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas sxvadasxva doneze?

136 137

7. ramdenad uwyobs xels moswavleTa damoukidebeli muSaobis unarisa da kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas?

8. iyenebs Tu ara jgufuri muSaobis strategias?

9. ramdenad uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa disciplinas, dainteresebasa da aqti-vobas?

10. iTvaliswinebs Tu ara moswavleTa individualur SesaZleblobebs dava-lebebis micemisas?

11. ramdenad iTvaliswinebs mis mier micemuli davalebebi moswavlis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, sxva sa-gnebSi SeZenil codnas?

12. mizanmimarTulad iyenebs Tu ara saswavlo da damxmare resursebs?

13, ramdenad gegmavs da axalisebs moswa-vleTa mier proeqtebisa da prezen-taciebis momzadebas?

14. uviTarebs Tu ara moswavleebs TviT-Sefasebisa da sxvaTa Sefasebis un-ars?

15. ramdenad cnobili da gasagebia moswavleTaTvis Sefasebis sistema da komponentebi?

16. mravalferovania Tu ara Sefasebis sistema?

17. ramdenad obieqturia maswavlebeli Sefasebisas?

18. ramdenad pozitiuria saklaso garemo?

maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari mosazrebisamebr SearCios an damoukideblad gansazRvros gakveTilis Se-fasebis indikatorebi, cxadia, swavlebis mocemuli safex-urisa da konkretuli Temis Sesabamisad.

TviTSefaseba maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi strategiaa. susti da Zlier mxaree-bis Sefaseba da miRebuli informaciis mizanmimarTuli da gonivruli gamoyeneba udavod dadebiT zegavlenas axdens sakuTriv saswavlo procesze da maswavleblis mier miRweul realur xarisxobriv Sedegebze.

maswavleblis profesiuli zrdisaTvis mniSvnelova-nia agreTve mWidro TanamSromloba kolegebTan. maga-liTad, ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare siaxleebis, axa-li profesiuli literaturis gacnoba da Seswavla, calkeuli strategiebis ganxilva-damuSaveba, kolegebis gakveTilebze daswreba swavlebis meTodebze dakvirvebi-sa da Tvalsawieris gafarToebis mizniT, agreTve saku-Tari pedagogiuri midgomebis daxvewis mizniT, gamoc-dilebis urTierTgaziareba da ganzogadeba, erToblivi muSaoba proeqtebze, diskusiebze, aqciebis, gamofenebi-sa da a.S. organizebaze, integrirebuli gakveTilebis dagegmvasa da Catarebaze da sxv. erToblivi muSaobiT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT Seqmnan agreTve saswavlo ma-salebi, saswavlo meTodologia, axali resursebi, Se-fasebis meqanizmebi da sxv. profesiuli ganviTarebis alternatiul saSualebas warmoadgens maswavleblebis monawileoba konferenciebsa da sxva saxis samuSao Sex-vedrebSi.

138 139

maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis mniS-vnelovania sainformacio teqnologiebis daufleba da mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba. magaliTad, saWiro, amasTan, mra-valmxrivi informaciis, vizualuri masalis (reproduq-cia, foto da sxv.) moZieba, sxvadasxva saxis resursis Seqmna da sxv. mniSvnelovania maswavleblis mier imis gacnobierebac, rom profesiuli ganviTareba unda iqnes ganxiluli rogorc uwyveti procesi da ara moklevadi-ani, Tundac, erTjeradi RonisZieba.

reziume

EFFECTIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

(FINE AND APPLIED ARTS)

Nana MacharashviliDoctor of Pedagogical Sciences

AbstractThe current novelties in the educational environment

have determined the urgency for establishing teaching con-tent on various principles, the world's educational practices, researching the innovative approaches and generalization.

The research discusses the conceptual foundations for ef-fective learning, presents educational technologies and strat-egies, the effectiveness of which has been duly certified ac-cording to the results of the studies carried out by the world's leading scientists and has been successfully approved in the school practice.

140 141

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