EEL 4310 Digital Integrated Circuits - University of Florida · 2012-08-21 · EEL 4310 Digital...

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EEL 4310 (Sec 1580) Fall 2012 Bashirullah

EEL 4310 Digital Integrated Circuits Fall 2012

T 10:40-11:30 (4) R 10:40-12:35 (4-5) LAR 310

Rizwan Bashirullah


Practical Information q  Instructor

§  Rizwan Bashirullah §  Office: 527 NEB, §  E-mail: [email protected] §  Tel: (352) 392-0622, Fax: (352) 392-8381 §  Office Hours: T-11:30am-12:35pm §  http://www.icr.ece.ufl.edu/teaching/EEL4310-F12/

F12-4310.htm q  TA/Grader

§  TBD §  E-mail: TBD

q  Admin §  Laurie Edvardsson, 567 NEB §  (352) 846-3039, [email protected]

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Class Material q  Required Textbooks

§  CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits, Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, S-M. Kang and Y. Leblebici, ISBN number: 0-07-246053-9

§  In addition, handouts developed by instructor may be downloaded from class www site

q  Recommended Textbook §  Physical Design of CMOS Integrated Circuits Using L-Edit, J.

P. Uyemura, ISBN number: 0-534-94326-8 §  Jan. M. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, and B. Nikolic, “Digital

Integrated Circuits, A Design Perspective,” 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, ISDN 0-13-090996-3-2003


Class Material q  Computer/Software required

§  Student evaluation versions may be downloaded from links on class www site

–  PSPICE or LTSPiace circuit simulation software (student evaluation version)

–  L-Edit Pro layout software (student evaluation version) –  Workstations with CADENCE Design system.

q  Journal/Conference References §  Journal of Solid State Circuits (JSSC), TVLSI, CAS-I and II §  ISSCC, VLSI Symposium, CICC, ISCAS

q  Web Links §  IEEE Explorer

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Pre-requisites and Co-requisites q  Solid-state electronics

§  EEE3396 Solid State Electronics

q  Circuits §  EEE3304C Electronic Circuits I §  EEE3701C Digital Logic and Computer Systems


Course Objectives q  To develop a basic understanding of CMOS

integrated circuits q  To provide an overview of micro-electronic fabrication q  To develop proficiency in analysis, design and

implementation of Digital CMOS circuits

§  This course focuses on analysis and design of modern digital circuits. Transistors are introduced and described from a digital point of view, and the performance of various circuits is derived and estimated. CMOS digital circuits will be introduced and analyzed. Students will analyze and design digital circuits using L_EDIT and PSPICE.

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Course Topics q  MOS device physics, substrate bias effects, scaling,

and SPICE models (6) q  MOS capacitances (1) q  CMOS fabrication, process flow, and design rules (4) q  Static CMOS inverter (3) q  CMOS inverter dynamic response (6) q  Load capacitance estimation (1) q  Short channel effects on CMOS inverter (2) q  Static CMOS combinational logic (7) q  Ratioed logic and pass transistor logic (4) q  Dynamic logic, sequential logic, and memory circuits

(5)


Grading Policy q  Homework: 20% (7) q  Projects: 20% (3) q  Midterms: 30% (2) q  Final: 30% (1)

q  Grading Scale §  Note: Curves may be used if

necessary

90 -100 = A 87 - 90 = A- 83 - 87 = B+ 80 - 83 = B 77 - 80 = B- 73 - 77 = C+ 70 - 73 = C 67 - 70 = C- 63 - 67 = D+ 60 - 63 = D 57 - 60 = D- < 57 = E

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Academic Honesty q  All students admitted to the University of Florida have signed a

statement of academic honesty committing themselves to be honest in all academic work and understanding that failure to comply with this commitment will result in disciplinary action.

q  This statement is a reminder to uphold your obligation as a

student at the University of Florida and to be honest in all work submitted and exams taken in this class and all others.

q  Students requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Students Office. The Dean of Students Office will provide documentation to the student who must then provide documentation to the instructor when requesting accommodation.


Expectations q  Basic understanding of MOS device q  CMOS processing flow q  Electrical vs. physical shapes q  Hierarchical design q  CMOS inverter q  Dynamic behavior of CMOS gates q  CMOS Logic, Timing issues, Memory q  Tradeoffs (noise, area, power, speed)

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The First Computer, from this…

The BabbageDifference Engine(1832)25,000 partscost: £17,470

“Digital Integrated Circuits,” 2nd Ed. © 2003 Prentice Hall/Pearson


ENIAC - The first electronic computer (1946)


(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

Developed by the US Army ballistics, weather prediction, atomic-energy calculations, cosmic-ray studies, thermal ignition, random-number studies, wind-tunnel design.

-17 000 vacuum tubes -weighed 30 tons -1000 square feet of floor, -130 or 140 kilowatts -clock speed was about 100 kHz.

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The Transistor Revolution

First transistor Bell Labs, 1948


Point contact transistor John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley discovered the transistor effect and developed the first device in December 1947 Layers of material, bipolar silicon, PNP transistors (Note the paper clips used to make connections) This is not an integrated circuit…


The First Integrated Circuits Bipolar logic 1960’s

ECL 3-input Gate Motorola 1966


Breakthrough with the planar process (starting from a silicon wafer, you can fabricate several transistors at a time)

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Intel 4004 Micro-Processor 1971 4004 Intel’s first uP 1000 transistors 1 MHz operation


Every single transistor was hand drawn Picture is in NY Museum of Art 4-bits Inst and data words The idea of putting a complete computer First MOS memory, 4kbits (huge step) This really starts the IC revolution


Intel Pentium (IV) microprocessor


2001 42 million transistors 180nm 1.5GHz

-5-10% by hand -Standard cells, design has been automated -The only way possible to handle design complexity

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Tukwila Quad-core Itanium Processor

FEB 2010 Tech node: 65nm core logic — 430 million. System interface — 157 million L3 cache — 1,420 million I/O logic — 39 million Chip total — 2.046 billion Die size is 21.5×32.5 mm or 698.75 mm²


Transistor Counts

1,000,000

100,000

10,000

1,000

10

100

1 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

8086 80286

i386 i486

Pentium® Pentium® Pro

K 1 Billion Transistors

Source: Intel

Projected

Pentium® II Pentium® III

Courtesy, Intel “Digital Integrated Circuits,” 2nd Ed. © 2003 Prentice Hall/Pearson

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Moore’s Law 161514131211109876543210

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

LOG 2

OF

THE

NUMB

ER O

FCO

MPON

ENTS

PER

INTE

GRAT

ED F

UNCT

ION

Electronics, April 19, 1965.



Moore’s Law

 In 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months.  He made a prediction that semiconductor technology will double its effectiveness every 18 months


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Evolution in Complexity


Moore’s law in Microprocessors

4004 8008 8080

8085 8086 286

386 486 Pentium® proc

P6

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

Tran

sist

ors

(MT)

2X growth in 1.96 years!

Transistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 years

Courtesy, Intel

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Die Size Growth

4004 8008

8080 8085

8086 286 386

486 Pentium ® proc P6

1

10

100

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

Die

siz

e (m

m)

~7% growth per year ~2X growth in 10 years

Die size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s Law

Courtesy, Intel


Frequency

P6 Pentium ® proc

486 386 286 8086 8085

8080 8008 4004 0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

Freq

uenc

y (M

hz)

Lead Microprocessors frequency doubles every 2 years

Doubles every 2 years

Courtesy, Intel

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Power Dissipation P6

Pentium ® proc

486 386

286 8086

8085 8080 8008

4004

0.1

1

10

100

1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 Year

Pow

er (W

atts

)

Lead Microprocessors power continues to increase

Courtesy, Intel


Power will be a major problem 5KW

18KW

1.5KW 500W

4004 8008 8080 8085

8086 286

386 486

Pentium® proc

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 2004 2008 Year

Pow

er (W

atts

)

Power delivery and dissipation will be prohibitive

Courtesy, Intel

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Power density

4004 8008 8080

8085

8086

286 386 486

Pentium® proc P6

1

10

100

1000

10000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

Pow

er D

ensi

ty (W

/cm

2)

Hot Plate

Nuclear Reactor

Rocket Nozzle

Power density too high to keep junctions at low temp

Courtesy, Intel


Review

q Brief history of integrated circuits q Moore’s Law q IC trends

§  Transistor density doubles 18-24 mo §  Frequency doubles every 2 years § Die size increases 14% every 2 years §  Power dissipation…

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Cost of Integrated Circuits

q  NRE (non-recurrent engineering) costs §  design time and effort, mask generation §  one-time cost factor

q  Recurrent costs §  silicon processing, packaging, test §  proportional to volume §  proportional to chip area



Productivity Trends

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

2003

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2005

2007

2009

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000 Logic Tr./Chip Tr./Staff Month.

x x x x

x x

x 21%/Yr. compound

Productivity growth rate

x

58%/Yr. compounded Complexity growth rate

10,000

1,000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

Logi

c Tr

ansi

stor

per

Chi

p (M

)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

Prod

uctiv

ity

(K) T

rans

./Sta

ff - M

o.

Source: Sematech

Complexity outpaces design productivity

Com

plex

ity

Courtesy, ITRS Roadmap

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Die Cost

Single die

Wafer

From http://www.amd.com

Going up to 12” (30cm)



Cost per Transistor

0.0000001

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1 1

1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

cost: ¢-per-transistor

Fabrication capital cost per transistor (Moore’s law)


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IC design and levels of abstraction q  Specification

§  What the system is supposed to do q  Architecture

§  High level of design. Any changes has large potential impact on performance

q  Logic §  Gates, flip-flops, connectivity

q  Circuit §  Transistor circuits to realize logic elements

q  Device §  Behavior of individual circuit elements

q  Layout §  Geometry used to define and connect circuit elements

q  Process §  Steps used to define circuit elements


Summary q  Digital integrated circuits have come a long

way and still have quite some potential left for the coming decades

q  Some interesting challenges ahead §  Getting a basic understanding and perspective on

the challenges and potential solutions is the purpose of this course

§  But first, start with basics – MOS transistors and operation –  Process flow – CMOS gates (static and dynamic behavior) – Complex gates (design hierarchy) –  Sequential logic, timing, memory

EEL 4310 Digital Integrated Circuits - University of Florida · 2012-08-21 · EEL 4310 Digital...

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