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Transcript of Education
Total Quality Management
Presented To
COMASTS Institute of Information Technology
Outline• Introduction
• Definition of Literacy & Education
• Attributes of a Quality Education
• Problem Statement
• Research Design
• Comparison of Education Statistics of Pakistan With other Countries
• Theoretical Framework
• Questionnaire, Findings
• TQM Philosophy
• Concept of Customer & Product in Educational institutes
• Developed Education Process with reference to TQM concepts
• Quality Management System QMS
• Seven Element Model for Quality Adopted
• Quality Management Principles
• Interpretation of ISO 9001:2000 For Educational Institutes.
• Quality Principles for Rethinking Rules
• Quality Principles for Rethinking Roles
• Quality Principles for Rethinking Responsibilities
• Recommendation & Conclusions
Problem Statement
“Poor Quality of Higher education in Pakistan”
and
“Total Quality Management (TQM) as a tool to enhance the Quality of Higher education at
educational institutes in Pakistan”
Objective of project• To find out the Method and techniques used in different
educational institutes
• Find out the key reasons why educational institutes are delivering poor quality of education.
• To design a Quality Management System (QMS) quality management system that will improve the quality of education delivered in educational institutes
• The contribution to the organization.
• To make a comparison of literacy rates and other findings regarding education with other countries.
• To evaluate the performance of Education System of Pakistan.
• To evaluate the Quality of Higher Education in Pakistan.
• To find out the attitude of students parents and institutes towards quality of education
Scope of Research
Our focus of research is all the universities of which has been working in pakistan. We have tried to collect the data of all the universities of .
There is ninety eight 98 universities and institutes in both private and public sector presently working in Pakistan, they have further gives affiliation to other parties and opened their own campuses in deferent locations of Pakistan. By implementing the recommendations given at the end of the research and by using the TQM tools in educational institutes the institutes can improve their quality and helps the government and nation to achieve their objectives and goals.
Introduction
Literacy
Literacy is more than reading and writing - it is about how we communicate in society. It is about social practices and
relationships, about knowledge, language and culture.
Education
“The process of training and developing the knowledge, skill, mind, character, etc.,
especially by formal schooling”
Quality Education
Characteristics• Knowledge • Comprenhension • Thoughts Expansion• Character
Key issues in Education Sector
• Problems Related to aims and Objectives
• Problems Related to Policy Matters
• Problems Related to Education System
• Problems Related to Facilities
• Main Findings from educationists
Higher Education History in PakistanGrowth of Public Universities in Pakistan
YearNo. of Universities
1947 2
1957 4
1968 7
1978 15
1990 20
2000 30
18-11-2003 54
University Grants Commission (UGC)
Private sector Universities
Higher Education Commission Pakistan
Total Up to 1995 = 10Now in 2003 = 44Growth Rate = 340%
Growth of Private & Public recognized Universities
Numbe of Recognizd Universities
4 715 22
56
98
0
20
4060
80
100
120
1947-57
1957-68
1968-78
1978-88
1988-99
1999-03
Total
Universities Guide Book 2002 HEC
World Illiteracy Rates by 2001
Education Share in National Budget
2.7Pakistan8.
40.0Iran7.
18.44Turkey6.
13.0Britain3.
Federal Share; 6.7State Share : 48
U.S.A1.
%Share in National BudgetCountryS.No
Comparison of TS Ratio
British Universities 1:14
Australian Universities 1:15
Pakistani Universities 1:23
Variables and Theoretical framework
Variables
Dependent variable “Quality of Higher Education”
Independent Variables: Roles Rules Responsibilities
Moderating Variable: “System”
Roles•Role of Student
•Role of Parents
•Role of Regulatory Bodies
•Role of Society
•Role of Government
Rules
•Students commitment to follow the rules
•Parents commitment to follow rules
•Regulatory Bodies Commitment to follow rules
•Society Commitment to follow rules
•Government Commitment to follow rules
Responsibilities
Student Responsibilities
Parents Responsibilities
Regulatory Bodies Responsibilities
Society’s Responsibilities
Government’s Responsibilities
Theoretical Framework
Roles
Rules
Responsibilities
Quality of Higher Education
System
Moderating Variable
IndependentVariables
Dependent Variable
Data
Data characteristics
• Primary DataThe primary data has been collected through questionnaires, interviews and personal observations from the student, common peoples, management of universities, and officials of UGC, HEC, PNAC and employer etc.
• Secondary DataSecondary data has been collected from government publications, literature available at the library of UGC, National Library and others also from internet.
Data collection Methods
• Primary Data– Observation
– Interviews
– Questionnaires
• Secondary Data University Grants Commission UGC Higher Education Commission HEC Pakistan Association Of Pakistan PAP Federal Bureau of Pakistan FBP Census A hand book of Universities Internet.
Findings and
Data Analysis
100.0100Total
5.05others
31.031Role of Regulatory Body (U.G.C/ P.E.C etc.)
11.011Inequality in standards of Private & Public Universities
27.027Examination System
7.07Inequality in courses of different schools/universities
19.019
PercentFrequency
1.Which one do you think is the more critical problem of Poor Education
7%
27%
11%
31%
5% Inequality of courses
Examination system
standards
role of bodies
other
2. Are you satisfied with the Role of Regulatory body for education system
100.0100Total
21.021strongly not satisfied
22.022not satisfied
41.041neutral
14.014satisfied
2.02strongly satisfied
PercentFrequency
2% 14%
41%22%
21% strongly Satisfied
Satisfied
Neurtral
Not satisfied
strongly dissatisfied
3.To what extent the management of institute or university fulfill their Responsibilities
100.0100Total
12.012highly irresponsible
20.020not responsible
28.028neutral
26.026responsible
14.014highly responsible
PercentFrequency
4%
26%
28%
20%
12% highly responsible
responsible
Neurtral
not Responsible
highly notresponsible
4. Does the Management follow the Rules made by regulatory body
100.0100Total
4.04not at all
24.024don’t care
27.027neutral
31.031some time
14.014every time
PercentFrequency
14%
31%
27%
24%
4%every time
sometime
Neurtral
don’t care
not at all
5. Are you satisfy with the quality of Higher education delivered by Pakistani institutes
77.077no
23.023yes
PercentFrequency
23%
77%
Yes
No
7. Are you agree with the statement "by getting ISO certification the quality improves
100.0100Total
9.09disagree
30.030neutral
44.044agree
17.017strongly agree
PercentFrequency
17%
44%
30%
0% 9%strongly Agree
agree
Neurtral
disagree
strongly disagree
Questionnaire, Findings8. What you think that by getting ISO certification the institutes and universities can improve their education quality
100.0100Total
5.05Strongly disagree
9.09disagree
10.010neutral
50.050agree
26.026strongly agree
PercentFrequency
26%
50%
10%
9% 5%strongly Agree
agree
Neurtral
disagree
strongly disagree
9. If you are student and planning to get admission for higher education.Will you prefer an ISO certified University?
100.0100Total
2.02not at all
11.011no
15.015neutral
30.030not too much
42.042strongly
PercentFrequency
42%
30%
15%
11% 2%strongly Agree
agree
Neurtral
disagree
strongly disagree
Implementation of TQM
TQM Philosophy
• What is Quality
“The totality of features and characteristics that satisfy needs”
Organizations, Customer and product
Student = Customer.
Education = Product
Institutes = Organization
*
Confidence
Computer literacy
General Knowledge
Languages
Latest Knowledge
Character
Wisdom
Basic know-How
Presentation skills
Appearance
organizational
Process
Environment
Technologies
Furniture
Building
Computers
Libraries
Books
Student
IN PUTSOUT PUTS
Faculty
EDUCATION PROCESS
Data & Statistics
Student Survey
Graduating Student Survey
Alumni Survey
Employer Survey
Faculty Survey
Academic unit data & Statistics
Library user survey
IT User Survey
New student Survey
Parent Surveys
International student Survey
Donors Surveys
University Employee Surveys
HIGHER EDUCATION QMS
University Reports & BenchmarksAcademic Unit Reports & BenchmarksDepartment Reports & Benchmarks
Integrated Reports
Academic Domain Campus Domain
RESULTS
Quality Management System For Universities
Quality Management systemBenefits
• To find out and understand the expectations of students, parents and donors
• Discover the satisfaction motives of student.• To find employer’s satisfaction with employees.• Understand how to improve educational outcomes.• Establish a complaint resolution tracking mechanism.
Adopted Seven Element Model for Quality Improvement
Adopted from Ersoz, Clara Jean, M.D
Philosophy + vision + strategy+Ability+ Resources + Motivation + coordination = Accomplishment
No philosophy = No followerNo Vision =Confusion No strategy = False starsNo Ability = NervousnessNo resources = Frustration No motivation = Anger No Coordination = No synchronization
ISO 9001:2000 Clauses & Interpretation for Educational
Institutes
• General
• Systemic Requirements • Support quality (Management Responsibilities)
• Resource Requirements
• Realization Requirements
• Remedial Requirements
Quality Management Principles
• Customer Focus• Leadership• Involvement of people• Process approach• System approach to management• Continual improvement• Factual approach to decision making• Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Conclusions
• Higher education in Pakistan is in urgent need of reform. At present it is not contributing effectively to economic growth of the country. The universities are neither geared to create new knowledge nor do their graduates study programmer which measure up to international standards.
• The supply of funds to the universities is limited and there is a great potential in the universities for generating funds but real efforts are not being made to explore the possibilities for resource developments.
• In addition there is improper utilization of funds available to the universities. Inadequately equipped libraries and laboratories and a shortage of qualified teachers continue to hinder the progress of higher education towards excellence.
Conclusions
• I would like to recommend that the universities should get ISO registration on the bases of questionnaire results it is quit clear that the customer demand is ISO certified Universities, they will prefer certified Universities and the believe that by getting ISO certification the quality of education will improve
• Merit should be the only consideration for entry to higher education. Access to higher education, should :be based on entrance tests.
• For carrying these tests a National Testing Service should be established.
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