EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.
-
Upload
adelia-gilmore -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
1
Transcript of EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.
![Page 1: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
1
Environment and Exercise
![Page 2: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
2
Thermoregulation
![Page 3: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
3
Body temperature
• Different temperatures:
– Surface / Skin
– Core body
– Inner ear
– Rectal
– oral
![Page 4: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
4
![Page 5: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
5
Mechanisms of Heat Loss/gainMechanisms of Heat Loss/gain
• Radiation– The release of heat via electromagnetic heat waves
• Conduction
• Convection– Carrying heat on air currents
• Evaporation
![Page 6: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
6
![Page 7: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
7
Primary mechanisms
• At rest?
• During exercise??
![Page 8: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
8
Mechanisms of Heat ConservationMechanisms of Heat Conservation
• Vascular adjustments
• Muscular activity
– Voluntary physical activity
– Involuntary- Shivering
• Hormonal adjustments
![Page 9: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
9
Mechanisms Facilitating Heat LossMechanisms Facilitating Heat Loss
• Circulatory adjustments
• Evaporation (sweating)
• Hormonal adjustments
![Page 10: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
10
Circulatory AdjustmentsCirculatory Adjustments
Two competitive cardiovascular demands exist during exercise in the heat
2) Peripheral blood flow to the skin must increase to transport metabolic heat from exercise for dissipation at the body’s surface
![Page 11: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
11
Evaporation depends on
• Temperature and humidity of air
• Convective air currents
![Page 12: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
12
Clothing
• However if sweat is not absorbed and drawn away from skin to be kept dry, -> overheating
![Page 13: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
13
Exercise in the Heat
![Page 14: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
14
Consequences of DehydrationConsequences of Dehydration
• Reduced plasma volume
• Increased submaximal heart rate
• Impaired ability to thermoregulate
![Page 15: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
15
![Page 16: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
16
Hyperthermia
• Prevention
– Drink fluids before and after and have breaks every 15-30 mins
– Clothing
• Treatment
– Immerse in ice bath/ cold water
![Page 17: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
17
Clothing for the heat
• Loose fitting to allow convective air currents near skin
• Wet allows increased evaporation
• Colour– Dark = absorbs radiant heat– Light – reflects radiant heat
![Page 18: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
18
Factors Affecting Heat ToleranceFactors Affecting Heat Tolerance
• Acclimatisation
• Exercise training
• Age
• Gender
• Body composition
• Hydration
![Page 19: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
19
Acclimatisation to heat
• Training increases heat tolerance
• As does 9-14 days of exercising in heat
![Page 20: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
20
Exercise in the Cold
![Page 21: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
21
Cold• Physiological
– Peripheral Vasoconstriction – Shivering – Increased consumption O2 to compensate for that used in shivering
- Cold muscle = decreased contractile force• Particularly when fatigued• Large inner muscles insulated and protected• Peripheral muscles decreased dexterity
• Behavioural adjustments– Huddle– Voluntary movement– Put more clothes on– Exercise indoors
![Page 22: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
22
Exercise in water in the cold• Body loses heat 4 x as fast in cool water
as in air the same temperature Shivering
![Page 23: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
23
Exercise and AltitudeExercise and Altitude
![Page 24: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
24
Exercise at AltitudeExercise at Altitude
– Reduced barometric pressure
– Reduced relative humidity
– Reduced ambient temperature
![Page 25: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
25
Immediate adjustments to altitude above 2300 m
Immediate adjustments to altitude above 2300 m
• Hyperventilation
– Chemoreceptors detect that not getting enough oxygen
• Cardiovascular
– Increased HR and cardiac output
– At rest and during submaximal exercise
![Page 26: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
26
Exercise Capacity at AltitudeExercise Capacity at Altitude
• Aerobic capacity
– 1-3.5% reduction Vo2 max every 300m increase from 1500 m
– Greater rate decline for trained athletes
• Circulatory factors
– Decreased MHR and SV
![Page 27: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
27
Acclimatisation
• Adaptive responses to improve one’s tolerance to altitude
• Additional 610 m = 1 week
![Page 28: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
28
Blood volume– Increased RBC production– Increased hemoglobin content– Increase in overall blood volume and an increase in oxygen carrying
capacity.
Muscle adaptations Increased muscle capillary density
Longer-Term AdjustmentsLonger-Term Adjustments
![Page 29: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
29
Altitude TrainingAltitude Training
• Acclimation to altitude improves one’s capacity to exercise at altitude
• However inability to train at equivalent intensity no improvement Vo2 max on return to sea level
Live High, Train Low ???
Does altitude training improve sea-level performance ??
![Page 30: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
30
![Page 31: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
31
SummarySummary
• Environment critical to optimal performance
• Be aware of environment in case of negative effects
• Use to your advantage
– Heat
• Humidity
– Cool
– Altitude
![Page 32: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
32
Ergogenic aids
![Page 33: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
33
Ergogenic aids
1- stimulate CNS
2-supplemental fuel source
3- reducing or neutralising performance inhibiting metabolic by-products
4- facilitating recovery from strenuous exercise
Substances and procedures believed to improve athletic performance.They can:
![Page 34: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
34
CaffeineCaffeine• Enhances endurance performance by
– Increased alertness, concentration and reaction time
– Elevated mood
– Increasing time to fatigue
– Reducing perception of effort
• May improve sprint & power performances
![Page 35: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
35
![Page 36: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
36
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids• Synthetic derivatives of testosterone
• Designed to maximize anabolic effects– Enhance protein synthesis– Inhibit protein degradation
• Increase skeletal muscle hypertrophy and strength
• Facilitates recovery from high intensity training
![Page 37: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
37
![Page 38: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
38
Associated Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids
Associated Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids
•Personality changes
•Reduced sperm count in men
•Menstrual cycle disruption in women
•Masculinisation in women
•Breast enlargement in men
•Liver damage
•Cardiovascular disease
•Impotence in men
![Page 39: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
39
Blood doping
• Practice of illicitly boosting the total volume of RBC in order to enhance athletic performance.
Benefits
– >Increased RBC can carry more O2, which can improve an athlete’s aerobic capacity and endurance.
![Page 40: EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 Environment and Exercise.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eb15503460f94bb7945/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance
40
Side effects
• Increase in blood viscosity heart has to work harder to pump the thicker blood and the blood is more prone to clot.
• Increased risk of heart attack, stroke and blood clots in the lung.
• The risk is exacerbated by dehydration which often occurs during endurance exercise.