E for use in Green Patch - Department of the Environment · PDF fileContents Introduction -...

Booderee National Park Healthy Learning Program

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human impact

H

ealthy Learning - out of the classroom into the park

for use in Green PatchStage 3 for YearS 5 & 6

We all need to be responsible and take

measures to limit human impact on the environment as plants

and animals depend on the health of their ecosystems

to survive.

ContentsIntroduction - Human Impact on the Environment 2

Exercise 1 - Human Impact on the Environment 3

Exercise 2 - Collecting Evidence of Human Impact 5

Exercise 3 - Data Presentation and Analysis 7

Exercise 4 - Analyse results 8

Exercise 5 - Fact sheet - Impact of Animal Feeding 10

Exercise 5 - Impact of Animal Feeding 12

Exercise 6 - Time Capsule, Leaving a Message 15

Extended exercise - Time Capsule 18

Exercise 7 - Drawing the Green Patch Landscape 19

Exercise 8 - Designing Signs 22

Exercise 9 - Crossword 24

Exercise 10 - Human Impact Dictionary 26

2 BoodereeNationalPark-HealthyLearningProgram

Human Impact on the Environment

Introduction

Thistopiccontainsachoiceof10lessonplansandexercisesthatincludearangeofsuggestionsforachievingStage3learningoutcomesforthefollowingNSWsyllabus;

EnglishTS3.1,TS3.2,WS3.9,

Maths NS3.4,PAS3.1a,DS3.1,MS3.1,MS3.1,

HSIE (HumanSocietyanditsEnvironment)CUS3.4,

Science and Technology INVS3.7,BES3.1,LTS3.3,

PDHPE (PersonalDevelopment,HealthandPhysicalEducation)COS3.1,INS3.3and

Visual Arts VAS3.2

ThisTopictakesalookathowvisitorstoBoodereeNationalParkcanpotentiallyimpactnegativelyontheenvironmentunlesstheiractivitiesaremanagedproperly.WelookatwhytheParksetscertainrulesandprovidesvariousfacilitiesandinfrastructureinordertomanagevisitors.

Suggested preparatory activityWalkaroundthecampgrounds,downtotheGreenPatchpicnicarea,thebeachandalongsometrails(refertomapintheGreenPatchTeachersGuideoronourwebsite).

• Askthestudentstotakenoteof1-anydisturbedareas,2-areasthathavebeenerodedor3-anynegativesignsofhumanvisitation(suchasrubbish).

• ExplainwhytheParkhasputcertainrulesinplacetoprotectareas.Rulessuchas-nobirdfeeding,nothrowingofrubbish,nowalkingoffdesignatedwalkingtrails,nocollectingoffirewoodfromthebushorcollectingofseacreaturesofftherockplatformsand/orcollectingandremovingofanyspeciesoffloraorfaunafromthePark(includingshells).

IfParkstaffarepresenttheymayalsoshowstudentshowcampgroundchecksaredoneandsomeoftheissuestheyfaceduringbusytimes(suchaspeoplecampingonthewrongspot)and/orhavingtodealwithanoverflowingcarpark.

InExercise2-itissuggestedthattheclassbedividedintocertainareasofGreenPatch.Ifthereisnoextrateachersupportthentheclasscanremainincloseproximitytotheirteacherbygoingtodifferentsectionsoftheoneareaforexample–differentsectionsofthePicnicarea,differentsectionsofapartofthebeachordifferentspotsinYorDsectionofthecampingareasetc…(refertomapintheTeachersGuideoronourWebsitewww.booderee.gov.auforlocationoptions)

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BoodereeNationalPark-HealthyLearningProgram3

EXERCISE 1- Human Impact on the Environment After taking a walk with your class around the Green Patch area (campground and picnic area) answer the following questions.

1.Writealistof5differentwaysthatyouthinkGreenPatchlandscapehaschangedoverthe last40yearsduetohumansusingthearea.

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2.Whatishumanimpact?Givesomeexamples.

3.Whatisinfrastructure?

4.Writealistof3differentinfrastructurestheParkhasputinplacetotryandlimithumanimpact.

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5.Writealistof5differentrulesthattheParkhasputinplacetotrytolimithumanimpact.

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6.Whyaretheserulesimportant?

7.BybreakingtheseruleshowdoesitaffecttheGreenPatchEnvironment?

8.Describewhathashappenedinthepicturesbelow.

9.ArevisitorstoGreenPatchrespectingallNationalParkrules?Ifnotwhatrulesaretheybreaking?ListsomesuggestionsastohowyouthinktheParkcouldeffectivelytryandstopthesevisitorsfrombreakingtherules.

1Aquenal,2004,p4

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EXERCISE 2 - Collecting Evidence of Human ImpactSome facts

BreakingsomeParkrules,likeleavingrubbishontheground,canimpactgreatlyontheGreenPatchenvironmentincludingit’smarineenvironment.Ourrubbishandotherwastes,ouractionsandcertainhabitsandbehavioursallhavethepotentialofnegativelyimpactingontheenvironmentaroundus.AlargepartofanyNationalParksworksprogramgoesintoprovidingfacilities,educatingvisitors,settingandimplementingrulesandbuildingandmaintaininginfrastructure.ThisisalldonetotryandlessentheimpactthatvisitorshaveontheprotectedNationalParkenvironment.

Some negative human impacts on marine life (and other species) are:

• Rubbish -Plasticbagsandotherwastessuchasbaitpacketscantrapanimals.Inwaterplasticbagscanalsobemistakenforjellyfishorsquidandeatenbycertainspecies.Droppedcigarettebudscanalsobemistakenasfoodandtheyexpandinwaterandstomachscausingserioushealthproblemsforthespeciesthatswallowthem.

• Discarded fishing line and hooks. Thesenotonlytanglearoundrocksandinjuremarinelife,theyalsotanglearoundotherspeciessuchasbirdsandcanresultinlossoflegsand/ordeath.

• Habitat destructionandpoorurbanand/orinfrastructureplanningcanpollutewaterandotherareascreatingdiseasesamongvariousspecies.

• Anchoring and propeller collisions-Boatandpropellercollisionscaninjurewildlifeandseagrassbeds.Anchoringincertainareasdamagessensitiveseagrassmeadowsandsomeimportantalgalcommunities.Boodereewatershaveover230differentspeciesofalgaeanditsseagrassmeadowsareamongthelargestremainingintactmeadowsinNSW1.

• Over usageandoverfishingdepletesareasandaffectsbiodiversity

ExerciseClasstobedividedintogroupsandallocatedareas.OnthetableprovideddocumentanyParkrulesthatyoucannoticearebeingbroken.

1. In groups, search and find any evidencethatruleshavebeenbrokeninyourallocatedarea.Forexampleevidencelikecigarettebuttsonthegroundand/orotherrubbishleftbehind,birdseedsontheground,anyevidenceofwherepeoplehavehadfires,anytracksgoingoffdesignatedpaths/trailsetc…

2. In the following table, write down what rules have been broken and how many times they have been broken.Forexample–counteverypieceofrubbish,everycigarettebutt,everyunauthorisedtrackthatgoesoffdesignatedwalkingtrailsandeverytimeyouseeevidenceofscatteredbirdseedsonthegroundand/orsomeonefeedinganimals.

Please note - for health reasons DO NOT TOUCH or have contact with any rubbish. THIS IS AN OBSERVATION EXERCISE ONLY.

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What rules are being

broken?

Where? How many times?

RUBBISH

Cigarettebutts

Plasticbags

Glassandplasticbottles

Cans

Otherrubbish

OFF TRACKS

Areasvisitorshavegoneoffdesignatedtracks

ANY OPEN FIRES

ANY ANIMAL FEEDING

Feedingofbirds

Feedingofkangaroos

Evidenceofseeds

VANDALISM

Onsigns

Ontoilet/showerblocks

Ontrees

ANY OTHER

Park rules that are being broken

EXERCISE 3 – Data Presentation and Analysis Collate data on a graph and analyse results (from exercise 2)

In the graph below plot the data you collected and answer the questions.

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broken rules

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Exercise 4 – Analyse results (from exercise 2 & 3)Answer the following questions

1.Whichruleisbrokenmostfrequently?

2.WhichtypeofrubbishismostfrequentlyleftatGreenPatch?

3.Whichrubbishisrecyclable?

4.Whatpercentageofrubbishfoundcanberecycled?

5.Givetworeasonswhyyouthinksomerulesarebeingbroken

6.Selectonerulethatisbeingbrokenandexplainhowvisitorsbreakingitcannegatively impactontheGreenPatchenvironment.

7.WhatdoyouthinktheParkcandotohelpstopvisitorsfrombreakingtheserules?

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BoodereeNationalPark-HealthyLearningProgram 9

Extended exercise - Broken Park RulesThisexercisecanberepeatedonreturntripsandcomparedtothedatapreviouslycollected(especiallyifrepeatedindifferentseasons).Studentsmaythenstarttoseepatternsofhumanbehaviour.

As a class discuss

SomeofthedatacollectedatGreenPatch(i.e.-brokenParkrules–exercise2).Discusssomeofthedifferentrubbishfoundanditsimpact(and/orpotentialimpact)ontheenvironment.

• Comparedatacollectedbyothergroups.

• Whatrubbishisrecyclable.

• Whysomepeoplebreakrules.

• Comeupwithsomemanagementsolutionsforthisproblem.

• Gothrougheachruleandaskthequestion-HowcantheParkstoppeoplefrombreakingtheserules?

• Discusshowcollectingandanalysingresultscanbehelpfulinunderstandingandsolvingproblems.

IfyoulikeyoucouldsendtheParksomeoftheoutcomes.YourideasmayhelptheParkfindsomepracticalsolutionsthatcanhelpprotectthePark.

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EXERCISE 5 - Impact of Animal FeedingSome facts

Food that is good for us is not necessarily good for native animals.ManyvisitorstoGreenPatchignoretheParksignsthatsayplease do not feed native animals.BoodereeisaNationalPark,whichmeansthatitsanimallifeisnativeandwildandthereforeshouldnotbefed.Feedingcancausearangeofnegativeeffectsonnativeanimals.Someoftheseare–itcanproducenutritionalimbalancesintheirdiet,causediseases,canencourageoverpopulation,aggressivebehaviourandcanencourageanimalsthatnormallyarenomadictobecomesedentary.

SomevisitorstotheParkwantphotoswithbirdsontheirshoulders,headsandhandsandsotheyfeedthem.Theyalsowantphotosclosetokangaroossotheyfeedthemtoo.Thisgesturemayinitiallysatisfyvisitorsneedsandsomevisitorsmayalsothinkbyfeedingthemtheyarebeingkindtonativeanimals,butinreality,thesevisitorsareineffectharmingthenativeanimals.

A simple action like feeding birds can lead to various negative impacts. Some of these are;

1. Human food is unhealthy for native wildlife.AlotofvisitorswhobreakParkrulesandfeedbirdsandkangaroosandpossumstendtofeedthemseeds(suchassunflowerseeds)andprocessedbreads.Sunflowerseeds,forexample,areveryhighinoilsandwheneatenregularlycanbeveryharmfultonativebirds.Regularandexcessiveconsumptionofsuchseedscancauseproblemssuchasboneorbeakdeformation.Kangaroosandpossumsarestrictlyherbivorouswhichmeanstheyeatarangeofgrasses,leavesetc…Feedingkangaroosbread,cakeandsausagesisveryunhealthyforthem.Theyeastinbreadandthesoftnessofbread(wheneatenregularly)canleadtomajorguminfections.Oncetherearegumproblemsitonlytakesahardenedgrainortwigtopuncturethegumallowingthedisease“lumpyjaw”toinfectthekangaroosgum.Thiscanbefatalforthem.

2. Animals become reliant on feedingsoinquietperiodssomeoftheseanimalssufferfromstarvation.

3. Feedingpopulationsofnativewildlifeencouragesthemtonotliveanaturallifeofmovingandsearchingforfood.Feeding instead encourages wildlife that are normally nomadic to become sedentary.

4. Feeding encourages over breeding. Becauseanimalsstartaccessinganartificialsupplyoffoodtheystarttooverbreedandtheirpopulationbecomesunsustainable.Thenaturalfoodsupplycannotsupporttheirpopulationgrowthandsotheycanbecomeunhealthyorinsomecasesmaydie.

5. Feeding indirectly encourages aggressive behaviour among certain species.Thiscanbecomeasafetyissueforvisitors.Animalssuchassomelargemalekangarooswhohavebecometooaggressivemayhavetoberemovedand/orputdownastheyposeapublicrisk.

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6. Whenlargequantitiesoffoodarefedtowildlifeitcausesagreatincreaseinthenumberofcertainspeciessuchascrimsonrosellas.Theypushotherbirdsandmammalsoutofnestinghollows.Thisallowsafewspeciestothrivewhileothersareforcedoutofthearea.Feeding native animals can decrease biodiversity.

7. Feeding native animals can affect re-growth of the bush. Whenanimalssuchasflocksofbirdsbecomereliantonhumansfeedingthemtheywillchoosehumanfoodoverforagingfortheirnaturalfoods.Thiscaneffectre-growthofnativebushasanimalsplayanimportantroleinre-generatingbush.Birds,forexample,helpbreakopeneucalyptusorbanksiaseedpodsandscatterseedstotheground.Thisnaturalprocessnotonlyfeedsthebirdbutitisalsohelpsspreadseedsandhelpsthebushtore-generate.Also,whenartificialfeedingcausesspeciestooverbreedandareastobecomeoverpopulated,animalsplacegreaterpressureontheirimmediatenaturalresourceandnaturalfoodsupply.

8. Sick animals are attracted to feeding areas.Peoplefeedingnativeanimalsattractsickanimalsbecauseittakeslessefforttobefedthiswaythanforagingforsupplies.Sickanimalsinconcentratedfeedingenvironmentsspreaddiseaseeasilyamongthelargeflocksthatgather.Theycanalsospreadseriousdiseasestohumansaswell.

9. Humans can catch various diseases from close contact with wildlife.Diseasessuchasflatworm,psittacosis(alungdisease),salmonella,fungalinfectionsandtetanus.Youcancatch,forexamplepsittacosis,fromclosecontactwithbirdssuchasRosellaswhomightscratchyou.

10. Bringing seeds into the Park can spread weeds.BringingseedsintotheNationalParkisinfactintroducingnon-nativespeciesthatcanpotentiallybecomeweeds1.

1www.wires.org.au&www.bom.gov.au

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Exercise 5 – Impact of Animal FeedingRead the Fact Sheet and answer the following questions

1.List5reasonswhyfeedingnativeanimalsisnotagoodthingtodo.

2.Whyareboughtseed(suchassunflowerseeds)notgoodforthehealthofnativebirds?

3.HavealookattheenvironmentaroundGreenPatch–whattypeoffoodwouldthesebirdsnaturallyeat?List3things.

4.Whatdoesnomadicmean?

5.Whatdoessedentarymean?

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Rainbow lorikeets eating natural food


6.Howdoesfeedingnativeanimalsmakethemsedentary?

7.List3reasonswhybeingsedentaryisnotagoodthing.

8.Whattypesoffoodswouldpossumsnaturallyeat?

9.WhattypesoffoodwouldKangaroosnaturallyeat?

Bird feeding changes their diet and their behaviour

Feedingmakessomeanimalsaggressive

Kangaroos become sick if they eat bread

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10.Whatdoesbiodiversitymean?Howcanfeedingnativeanimalsnegativelyimpactonbiodiversity?

11.List3differentanimalsthatarecommonlyfedbyvisitors?Describethedifferencebetweentheirnativefoodandthefoodvisitorsarefeedingthem.

13.Explainwhyfeedingbreadisnotgoodforkangaroos.

14.ExplainhowyoubelievetheParkshouldapproachthefeedingproblem.Providesomesolutions.

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EXERCISE 6 - Time Capsule, Leaving a MessageBackground

AtGreenPatchin1998theParkandWreckBaycommunityburiedatimecapsule.Anintentionaltimecapsule,liketheonethatisburiedatGreenPatch,isahistoricalcollectionofitemsandinformationthatareintendedasamethodofcommunicatingwithfuturegenerations.Itisamethodofpreservingsomeinformationthatthisgenerationfeelsisimportanttopreserve.TheGreenPatchtimecapsuleisn’tintendedtobedugupforanother80years.Wecomefromourpastsoourpastisrelevanttothepresent.

Exercise

1.Whatisatimecapsule?

2.Whydoyouthinkitisimportanttohaveahistoricalrecord,likeatimecapsule?

3.Haveaguess–whatdoyouthinkwouldbeintheGreenPatchtimecapsule?Writedown5thingsorinformationthatyouthinkmightbeinit.

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4.Ifyouwereaskedtoputonlyonethingintoatimecapsule,whatwouldyouputinit–a drawing,apoem,aloveletter,anewspaperarticle,revealasecretorascandal,anipod,your favouritetoy,amobilephone,apieceofjewellery?

5.Writeaparagraphortwoexplainingwhatyouwouldputinandwhy.

6.Iftherewasatimecapsuleburied100yearsagoatGreenPatchandwasduetobedugup soonwhatdoyouthinkwouldbeinit?List5things.

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7.Describewhatlanguagewaslikeback100yearsago.Hasitchangedfromnow?Ifsohow? Thinkofsomeexamples.

8.HowhasGreenPatchandthislocalareachangedin100years(infrastructure,environment, fashion,attitudes,lawetc…)?Listanddescribeatleast7waysthatithaschanged.

9.“Wecomefromthepastandsoourpastisrelevanttothepresent.”Whatdoesthisstatement mean?Doyouagreewithit?Why/whynot?

Working on Country

Booderee National Park hand back, 1995

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Extended exercise - Time CapsuleBackatschool,haveathinkaboutwhatyouwouldliketoberememberedfor.Whatinformationyouwouldliketoleavebehindforfuturegenerations-music,art,news,personalandotherinformation,internationalornationalinformation?

• Designapage,oratapeoramemorystick…togointoatimecapsule.

• Youmayliketomakeaphotocopyofthepageyoudesignedandrollitupandputitintoadrybottleorbemoremodernandrelevanttothetimesandstoreitonamemorystick(in100yearsorso…willmemorysticksstillbeused?)

• Decide,asaclass,whatyouallwanttodowithyourwork.Howyouwanttostoreit.

Wreck Bay bodyboarder


Junior Rangers with certificates, 2006

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EXERCISE 7 - Drawing the Green Patch Landscape Need to bring

• Pen,pencil,(colouringinpencils–optional)rubber,paper(atleast5sheetsofpaper)andaclipboard

Create

DrawthreeseparatesketchesofGreenPatchasyouimageitwas;

a) 200yearsago

b) 50yearsago

c) Andwhatitlookslikenow

Note -AllthreedrawingsshouldbeofthesamespotsothattheycanbecomparedwitheachotherandshowhowthatspecificspotofGreenPatchhaschangedovertime.Includepeopleineachdrawing.

If this exercise is done in the class room, you may like to use a different medium like a collage with layers that can incorporate cut magazines with leaves from your playground or bits of cut packaging to represent rubbish etc...

200yearsago

Junior Rangers with certificates, 2006

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50yearsago

Now

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Analyse

1.WhathaschangedatGreenPatch?

2.Whathasnotchanged?

3.HowdoyouthinkhumanusageofGreenPatchhaschangedovertime?

4.Whyhavechangesoccurred?

5.WhatdoyouimagineGreenPatchwilllooklikeinanother40years?

5.Why?

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Meaning


EXERCISE 8 - Designing Signs Need to bring

• Pen,pencil,(colouringinpencils–optional)rubber,paperandaclipboard

Designing signs

TakeawalkaroundGreenPatchorBristolPointareaandlookatthevarioussignsthattheParkhaveputinplace.Signsthatareimagesonlynotsignswithwriting.Thesesignsaresimplestrongimagesthatrelayamessage.

Whendesigningsignsyouneedtotakeintoconsiderationwhatmessageorinformationyouaretryingtorelayandwhatimage(withoutwords)canbeusedtorelaythatmessage.Thesignneedstobeunderstoodbyeveryone-children,adultsand/orpeoplewhomaynotreadorwriteEnglish.

ChooseoneofthecurrentParksigns.Drawitintheboxbelowandexplainwhatitmeans.

Park sign

Meaning

Design and draw 6 signs in the boxes (Images only. No words).

Rememberweneedsimplestrongimagesthattellamessagewithoutusinganywords.

1. Design2signstoletvisitorsknowwherefacilitiesare.Facilitiessuchastoiletblocks,showers,BBQ’s,tables,walkingtrails,firewoodand/ordisabledparking.

Facilities

Meaning

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Meaning

Park Rules

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

2. Design4signstoletvisitorsknowsomeoftheParksrules.Rulessuchas-nobirdfeedingorotheranimalfeeding,nocollectingofplants,shellsoranimals,nospearguns,nojetskis,noopenfires,stayingondesignatedtracks,nothrowingofrubbishetc…

EXERCISE 9 – Crossword

Human Impact Revision

Hint-alotofthesewordsmaycomefromtheHumanImpactDictionarythatyouhavecreated.

Across1. TheParkhasputtheseinplacetolessen

humanimpact?

2. Inwindyenvironmentswatchoutforfallingtreesor-----?

3. Whensomeonedeliberatelydamagespropertyandortrees.

4. Somethingthatisrenewable.

5. IfyouthrowrubbishorbreakotherParkrulesyouwillhavean------ontheenvironment.

6. Facilitiesavailableforvisitors.

7. Feedingnativeanimalsisnotgoodfortheir-----?

Down 1. Atermmeaning,actionsthatarenot

renewableorcannotbesustained.

2. Letnativeanimals-----themselves.

3. Whenyoumovearoundforagingforfoodanddon’tliveandeatinthesameareaallthetime.Youlivea-------lifestyle.

4. Whennativeanimalstendtoeatandliveinthesameareatheybecome?

5. Anotherwordforhardwaste.

6. Whatrubbishisoftenstampedoutonthegroundandleft?Thisrubbishswellsupinthestomachesofanimalsthatmistakenlyeatit.

7. Rubbishthatcanbeprocessedandmadeintootherproducts.

8. Whatisanotherwordforamarkedtrack?A----------track.

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EXERCISE 10 - Human Impact Dictionary You should keep a running list of key words and/or new words and their meanings. The list has begun. Write down what these words mean and extend the Dictionary with other relevant words.

Humanimpact

Recycling

Unauthorisedtracks

Biodiversity

Marine Environment – Green Patch


Marine Environment – Green Patch


ResourcesDepartment of Education and Training, 2007,EveryChancetoLearn,CurriculumFramework forACTSchools(Preschooltoyear10),NEALS,ACT.

NSW Department of Education and Training, 1999-2011,CurriculumSupport,NEALS, NSW.

www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au

www.environment.gov.au/parks/booderee/

www.mpa.nsw.gov.au/

www.wires.org.au

H

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a Bo

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W

e see learning as knowledge

E for use in Green Patch - Department of the Environment · PDF fileContents Introduction -...

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