TOPIC. Page.

I. Introduction 1

II. Prologue 2

III. Basic Concepts of Electric and Electronic Circuits 3

IV. What is an Electrical Circuits 4

V. Component 5

VI. Node 6

VII. Mesh Analysis 7

VIII. Voltage Sources 8-9

IX. Magnetism and Electromagnetism 10

X. Introduction to Magnetism 11

XI. Futures Magnetism 12

XII. Magnetic Field 13-14

XIII. Electromagnetism 16

XIV. Basic Concepts of Alternating Current and Direct Current 18

XV. AC Concept 19-20

XVI. DC Concept 21

XVII. Power Supplies 22

XVIII. Power Supply 23

XIX. Lineal Power Supply 24

XX. Switching Power Supplies 25

XXI. Objectives 26

XXII. Conclusions 27

XXIII. Bibliography 28

XXIV. E-Silk 29

This Book is written in clear and easy to

understand, with examples and illustrations,

always thinking of our readers. Knowing electronics

in our dais is not a privileged few, has become a

necessity because this technology has advanced so

rapidly that is found in almost all our activities and

has definitely changed the way we live.

This book was written for electronics students that will be of much use during the student cycle; this book is based on basic concepts of electronics and examples with pictures to make it more understandable for students. This book serves when much support you want to know more about electronics, since the electronic part of our lives and that strongly influences our development also can be found in our homes, the content of the book can help solve the problems can get in our homes.

After the man discovered

electricity and how to produce it in

large quantities would use it

productively, reason why the calls

were created electrical circuits.

In this lesson we turn to the study

of circuits and elements that

comprise it.

Is a grid (interconnection of two or more components such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, springs, switches and semiconductors) that contains at least one closed path, Circuits containing only sources, linear components (resistors, capacitors, inductors), and linear distribution elements (transmission lines or cables) can be analyzed by algebraic methods to determine their behavior in direct current or alternating current.

Electronic component is called a device that is part of an electronic circuit. It is usually

encapsulated, usually in a ceramic, metal or plastic, and end in two or more terminals

or metal pins. Are designed to be connected together, usually by soldering to a

printed circuit board to form the above circuit.

In electrical engineering and electronics, a node is any point where two or more

elements have a common connection. And through which flow various electrical

outlets, this point is a junction formed by wire conductor ideal (which has resistance

0). Without some prior knowledge, it is easy to find a node using Ohm's law: V = IR.

When we look at the diagram of a circuit, ideal wires have a resistance of zero (this

does not happen in real life, but is a good approximation). Assuming no change in

potential in any part of the cable, ALL of the cable between any components of a

circuit is considered part of the same node.

The mesh analysis (sometimes referred to as mesh currents method) is a technique

used to determine the voltage or current of any circuit element plane. A flat course is

one that can be drawn in a plane so that no branch is below or above any other. This

technique is based on the Kirchhoff voltage law. The advantage of using this

technique is that it creates a system of equations to solve the circuit, minimizing in

some cases the process to find a voltage or current of a circuit.

Voltage source can be considered as an ideal voltage source, eg, in series with a resistor Rg, which is called the internal resistance of the source (Figure 2). Open circuit voltage between terminals A and B (GVA) is equal to Eg (Eg = VAB), but between the aforementioned terminal connects a load RL, the voltage becomes: As can be seen that depends on the connected load. In practice, the loads must be much larger than the internal resistance of the source (at least ten times) to get the value in its terminals does not differ much from the open circuit value. The potency is determined by multiplying its current emf provides. Is considered positive if the current leaves the anode and negative otherwise. Examples of real voltage sources can enumerate the following: battery pile Power photocell

Unlike the ideal sources, the d. d. p. they produce or the current providing real

sources, depends on the load to which they are connected.

No serious study of the electronic or treated completely if the issues of magnetism and electromagnetism. Many of the components, appliances and modern technologies, rely for their operation in these phenomena of nature.

Magnetism is one aspect of electromagnetism, which is one of the fundamental forces of nature. Magnetic forces are produced by the motion of charged particles such as electrons, indicating the close relationship between electricity and magnetism. The framework combines these two forces is called electromagnetic theory. The most known of magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion that acts between the magnetic materials like iron. However, in all matter can be observed more subtle effects of magnetism. Recently, these effects have provided important clues for understanding the atomic structure of matter.

Although there is a close relationship between electricity and magnetism, both forces are totally different. To interact must be a movement in any of them. Electronic wire is known to have an electrostatic charge that applies a force to the center of electronic wire, and is also known that electrons have a magnetic field around it due to its orbital rotation. By the time they are going to form an electromagnetic field to be perpendicular to each other. The only Magnetic materials naturally include iron, nickel and cobalt. If responsible for magnetism are electrons then we wonder why are not all the magnetic substance then. This is because the atoms with electrons of opposite spin tend to form pairs that cancel each other's magnetism. Naturalmnte magnetic materials are called "ferromagnetic" because they behave like Iron, in regard to magnetism. These materials do not always behave as magnets, this is because the molecules are dispersed and not aligned, so that each one follows a random direction, and when these molecules are aligned magnetic forces are added, at this point say that a material is "magnetized".

A bar magnet or current-carrying wire can influence other magnetic materials without

touching them physically because magnetic objects produce a 'magnetic field'.

Magnetic fields are usually represented by 'magnetic field lines' or 'lines of force'. At

any point, the direction of the magnetic field is equal to the direction of the lines of

force, and the field strength is inversely proportional to the space between the lines.

In the case of a bar magnet, the lines of force out of one end and bend to reach the

other end. At the ends of the magnet, where the lines of force are closer, the

magnetic field is strongest, in the sides of the magnet, where the lines of force are

farther apart, the magnetic field is weaker. According to their shape and magnetic

force, the different types of magnets produce different patterns of lines of force. The

structure of the lines of force created by a magnet or by any object that generates a

magnetic field can be visualized using a compass or iron filings.

Magnetic fields influence magnetic materials and on the charged particles in motion. In general, when a charged particle moves through a magnetic field experiences a force at right angles to the velocity of the particle and the field direction. As the force is always perpendicular to the velocity, the particles move in curved paths.

The magnetic field is formed by lines of force which extend in space starting from the N pole of the magnet and moving the pole S. These lines of force do not cross and go away to get away from the magnet. The closer are the lines of force and is over the number of them the stronger the magnetic field.

The movement of the needle of a compass in the vicinity of a conductor through which current flows indicates the presence of a magnetic field around the conductor. When two parallel conductors are traversed by a stream each, drivers attract if the two currents flow in the same direction and repel each other when they flow in opposite directions. The magnetic field created by the current flowing in a wire loop is such that if the coil is suspended near the Earth behaves as a magnet or a compass, and ranges until the loop is at right angles to the line connecting the Earth's magnetic poles. When a conductor moves in a way that crosses the lines of force of a magnetic field, this field acts on the free electrons of the driver moving them and creating a potential difference and current flow in it. It produces the same effect if the magnetic field is stationary and the rope moves that if the field is moving and the cable remains stationary.

Alternating current is one in which the current changes direction periodically in a conductor. as a result of periodic change of polarity of the voltage applied at the ends of the conductor. The variation of stress over time can have different shapes: sine (the basic form and more frequent in almost all electrical applications), triangular, square, trapezoidal, etc... while these other non-sinusoidal waveforms are more common in electronic applications. The non-sinusoidal waveforms can be decomposed by Fourier series expansion in sum of sine waves (fundamental and harmonic wave), thus enabling the mathematical study and their associated circuits.

Representation continua. The voltage direct current DC or direct current (DC Spanish, English, DC, Direct Current) is the continuous flow of electrons through a conductor between two points of different potential. Unlike the alternating current (AC Spanish, English AC), the electric charge current flowing in the same direction (ie, the terminals of most and least potential are always the same). Although it is commonly identified with the direct current constant current (eg supplied by a battery), is continuous stream all maintain the same polarity.

In electronics, a power supply is a device that converts the AC voltage supply network, in one or more strains, almost continuous, which feed the various circuits of the electronic device that connects (computer, T.V , printer, router , etc.)..

The line sources follow the pattern: transformer, rectifier, filter, and output regulation. First, the transformer adapts the voltage level and provides galvanic isolation. The circuit that converts alternating current rectifier is called continuous, then usually have a circuit that reduces the ripple as a filter capacitor. Regulation, or stabilization of the voltage to a value set, is achieved with a component called the voltage regulator. The output can be simply a capacitor. This stream includes all the energy of the circuit, this power supply must be taken into account some specific points in deciding the transformer characteristics.

A switching power supply is an electronic device that converts electrical energy by switching transistors. While a voltage regulator uses transistors biased in the active region of amplification, switching power supplies use the same switch turns at high frequencies (20-100 kHz typically) from cut (open) and saturation (closed). The resulting square wave is applied to the ferrite core transformers (iron cores are not suitable for these high frequencies) for one or more output voltages of alternating current (AC) which are then rectified (with fast diode) and filtered (inductors and capacitors) to obtain the output voltages of direct current (DC).

The main objective of this book is that the student has to learn and to expand

their knowledge in the field of electronics to form good and the CVV technical

students implement what they learned.

Another objective is that students can solve any problem that gets in their way in everyday life.

Another objective is that students have better job opportunities to learn electronics and be able to use their knowledge in their workplaces.

The electronics is part of our lives and helps you perform various activities in our homes, jobs, schools, etc.

Knowing electronics in our days is not a privileged few, has become a necessity because this technology has advanced so rapidly that is found in almost all our special activities and has definitely changed nustra lifestyle.

Modern appliances, electronics applied to entertainment, computers, telecommunication, industrial control devices, automation and electronics in the car, among others, are the main fields in which you will find this modern marvel.

Basic Electronics Course

Edition 1995

Printing EOGC

France, Paris

Carlos Aguilar Voltaire

Book A to Z Electronics

Edition 1998

Printing DPRC

Roma, Italy

Federico Ampere

Electronic Circuit Theory

Edition 1997

Printing FHOCC

Guatemala, Guatemala

Edy Gonzalez

Mr. Electronic

Edition 1999

Printing EOGC

Guatemala, Guatemala

Orlando Castillo

http://www.unicrom.com/pic_display.asp?id=78&titulo=Probador de continuidad

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriente_continua

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3nica

http://www.electronica2000.com/

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuente_de_alimentaci%C3%B3n

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismo