Ecosystems of the World
description
Transcript of Ecosystems of the World
![Page 1: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecosystems of the World
AP Study Review
![Page 2: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Naming Ecosystems
• Terrestrial Ecosystems = Biomes– Separated based upon their climate, which involves average
temperatures and rainfall• Aquatic Ecosystems = Aquatic Life Zones– Separated based upon light availability, nutrient availability
and water temperature• Ecozones / Ecoregions:– Areas within an ecosystem which share similar characteristics
• Ecotone:– Area where two different ecosystems meet
![Page 3: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biomes: Deciduous Forest
• Temperate and Tropical variety• 75-250cm of rain• Rich soil with a high level of organic material• Major vegetation = Hardwood Trees• Locations:– North America, Europe, Australia, East Asia
![Page 4: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biomes: Tropical Rainforest• 200-400cm of rainfall• There is poor soil quality, why??– Dead organic matter is processed so efficiently and plants
are so efficient at taking in nutrients that any nutrients which enter the soil are almost immediately taken up and stored
– Soil of most rainforests is greater than 100 million years old, it rains a lot = nutrient leaching
• Major Vegetation: Tall trees, vines, ferns, plants adapted to lower light intensity
• >>>>> biodiversity• Locations:– South America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia
![Page 8: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biomes: Grasslands
• Includes savanna and prairies• 10-60cm of rain per year• Most areas have very rich soil• Major vegetation: grasses and shrubs• Locations:– North American plains and prairies, Russian
steppes, South African veld, Argentinian pampas
![Page 12: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Biomes: Coniferous Forest
• AKA: Taiga• 20-60cm in the summer• The soil is very acidic because of the
vegetation present• Major vegetation: Conifers (“pine trees”)• Locations:– Northern North America, northern Eurasia
![Page 16: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Biomes: Tundra
• < 25cm of precipitation per year• Soil is permanently frozen– Current problem is that the permafrost is melting
due to the increasing global temperature• Major vegetation: herbaceous plants• Locations:– Northern latitudes of North America, Europe, and
Asia
![Page 20: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Biomes: Chaparral
• AKA: Scrub Forest• 50-75cm of precipitation mostly in the winter• Soil is shallow and not fertile• Major Vegetation: small trees with hard
leaves, and spiny shrubs• Locations:– Western North America, and Mediterranean
region
![Page 23: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biomes: Deserts
• Could be cold or hot• < 25cm of precipitation per year• Soil is sandy• Major vegetation: cacti and other plants that
are adapted to low water conditions• Locations:– 30 degrees north and south of the equator
![Page 27: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Biome Characteristics
• Every single biome contains certain characteristics unique to itself– Determine which organisms are capable in living within
the biome• Characteristics include:– Availability of nutrients and water– Temperature– Precipitation– Light availability– # and type of disturbances, if present
![Page 31: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Biome Laws
• Law of Tolerance– Living organisms exhibit a range of tolerance
toward the condition in their habitat and the surrounding environment
• Law of the Minimum– Living organisms will continue to live in a biome,
habitat, or environment as long as there is a supply of consumable/usable resources
![Page 32: Ecosystems of the World](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56816265550346895dd2cc69/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Diversity
• Biodiversity– Describes the number and variety of different species
in a specific geographic region• Why is biodiversity important?– Used to measure how ‘healthy’ an ecosystem is– The more biodiversity within species in an ecosystem
means that there is a larger gene pool through which adaptation can occur = survival