Eco-compensation in China after 2009
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Transcript of Eco-compensation in China after 2009
Eco-compensation in China after 2009
靳乐山 Jin Leshan中国农业大学人文与发展学院China Agricultural University
Policy and legislation
11th Five-year Plan (2006-2010):
“Accelerate establishment of eco-compensation mechanism”
2009: leadership transferred to NDRC
2009: 1st PES conference in Ningxia (with ADB)
1st PES Conference in Ningxia 2009
• April 2010:
Launch the Eco-compensation Regulation process. Led by NDRC
• October 2010:
Launch Grassland Eco-compensation
from 2011, CNY13.6 billion in 8 provinces
• October 2010:
2nd PES Conference (with ADB) in Sichuan
• February 2011:
ADB TA-7699 Study on Eco-compensation Legislation
• March 2011:
ADB TA-7217 Technical Guideline for Eco-compensation in River Basins
• November 2011:
3rd PES Conference (with ADB) in Jiangxi
3rd PES Conference in Jiangxi 2011
法律 Law
2008 年修订, 2008 年 6 月 1 日起实施的《水污染防治法》:
Water Pollution Prevention Law (amended 2008)
“ 第七条 国家通过财政转移支付等方式,建立健全对位于饮用水水源保护区区域和江河、湖泊、水库上游地区的水环境生态保护补偿机制。” The state sets up water eco-compensation mechanism, with public financial transfer, to protect the drinking water source areas and headwater of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
法律 Law
• 《水土保持法》( 2010-12-25 修订, 2011-3-1起施行)
Water and Soil Conservation Law (amended 2010)• “ 第三十一条 国家加强江河源头区、饮用水水
源保护区和水源涵养区水土流失的预防和治理工作,多渠道筹集资金,将水土保持生态效益补偿纳入国家建立的生态效益补偿制度。” Compensation for eco-benefits of water and soil conservation will be part of state eco-compensation mechanism.
12th Five-year Plan ( 2011-2015)
• 第 25 章第 3 节:建立生态补偿机制“ 按照谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的原则,
加快建立生态补偿机制。加大对重点生态功能区的均衡性转移支付力度,研究设立国家生态补偿专项资金。推行资源型企业可持续发展准备金制度。鼓励、引导和探索实施下游地区对上游地区、开发地区对保护地区、生态受益地区对生态保护地区的生态补偿。积极探索市场化生态补偿机制。加快制定实施生态补偿条例。”
Eco-compensation Regulation
• NDRC, MOF play the leading role.
• Areas:
- prohibited, restricted areas;
- Forestland; - Grassland
- Wetland; - Watershed;
- Marine; - Wildland;
- Mining-land
• Wetland eco-compensation:
Compensate those who protect or suffer loss from protection of:
- Ramsar Wetland;
- National important wetland;
- Wetland nature reserve;
- Wetland park.
• Government Eco-compensation
• Market Eco-compensation
• Other types
• Government Eco-compensation
- Public financial transfer to those restricted…
- National Eco-compensation Fund
- Provincial Eco-compensation Fund
• Market Eco-compensation
“Encourage the market-based eco-compensation” with policy tools of finance, tax, accounting etc.
- Business deal;
- Emission trading;
- Water rights trading;
- Carbon market;
- Eco-labeling;
- etc.
• Other types of eco-compensation:
(horizontal transfer)
- Local government to another local government
- Downstream to upstream;
- Developed areas to ecologically protected area
- Marine developer to those who suffer loss;
Wetland eco-compensation
• Barriers:
- Definition
- Policy conflicts
- Regulations
Developed vs. developing regions
incentive-based tools vs. regulatory tools
biodiversity offset, wetland banking
Valuation work
• A literature review of landscape amenity valuation
• Wetland valuation:
-Duan Xiaonan et al. 2005. Evaluation of Wetland Ecosystem Services in Wuliangsuhai. Resources Science, 27(2):110-115
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