East & Southeast Asia
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Transcript of East & Southeast Asia
East & Southeast Asia
Physical Geography
• Tectonic forces created:– Himalayas– Plateau of Tibet– Kunlun Shan– Altun Shan– Tian Shan– Arakan yoma– Annamese*Shan = mountain
Himalaya Mountains
Plateau of Tibet“Roof of the World”
• Highest and largest plateau in world• ~2.5 million square miles large (4x
Texas)• Headwater to the Salween,
Mekong, and Yangtze River systems
Plateau of Tibet
Arakan Yoma
Annamese Mountains
Ring of Fire
• Lies along the Pacific Ocean rim• Japan – mount Fuji: 12,388 ft asl, highest
mountain in Japan• Java Island – Part of Indonesia; 35 active
volcanoes• Approx. 20% of the world’s earthquakes occur
in SE Asia
Plains and Rivers
• Most of the population lives on river plains or along rivers
Human Geography• This region makes up 11% of the land in the world• 25% of the world’s population lives in this region.• 20% of the world’s population lives in China
– Uneven population in China• East: 250 people per square mile• West: Less than 25 people per square mile• Dense in the lowland areas with mild and wet climates
Japan• ½ the population of the US but is only the size
of California• 858 people per square mile over all but
population distribution is not even • majority of the population lives along the
coast = 5,800 people per square mile
Java
•Huge population: 1500 people per square mile
China
• 75% of China’s population is rural but it still has cities with populations over 5 million.
• Cities are the ports and are used for trade and industry
• Restrictive residence laws so it controls urban growth
• More people in just it’s cities than the entire USA!
More Urbanization
• Japan: 80% urban, many of the cities have populations greater than 10 million people
• Southeast Asia has a growing urban population because of economic opportunities (jobs)
Vegetation
• Terraces – vegetation or crops being grown on the side of a mountain
• Rice – staple crop
• China: largest producer of rice in the world• Indonesia & Thailand: produce more rice per
capita or per person• Fish is a large part of the economy• Fish Farming: growing fish in tanks for mass
selling or export (aquaculture)
China, Mongolia, and Tibet• Landform:
– China is the 3rd largest country in the world: in size (#1 is Russia, #2 is Canada)
– 40% of China’s land is mountainous– Himalayas – world largest or highest mountain
range• Mt. Everest – world’s highest peak; 29,035 ft asl
– Plateau of Tibet• World’s highest plateau; 16,000 ft asl
– Turpan Depression• Lowest point in China, 426 ft bsl
• Rivers:– Huang He / Yellow (gets color from Loess)– Yangtze– Xi Jiang / Pearl
Climate• Affected by monsoons
– Winter: Dry, cold– Summer: Humid, rainy
• Rainfall decreases from North to West• Subtropical Climate: in Taiwan & SE China• Humid Continental Climate: in NE China• Dry Highland Climate: Western China
– Affected by rain shadow effect– Winters: -50 F– Summers: High temps cause fires
Animals • 3 animals extinct in whole world, except in China
Chinese Alligator
Giant Panda
Chinese Paddlefish
Vegetation:
• Dry Northwest: steppe grasslands, drought resistant plants
• Humid Southeast: swamps, tropical rainforest• Worlds largest producer of ducks, peanuts,
rice• South China grows tea, sugarcane, fruits• North China grows wheat, millet, soybeans• Western China grows cattle• Aquaculture: raising fish in ponds
Natural Resources
• World leading producer of coal, lead, tin, tungsten
• Exports: oil & natural gas• Hydroelectricity:
– Three Gorges Dam• Located on Chang (Yangtze) River• When completed it will be the largest dam in the
world; full operation by 2012
Agriculture Resources• Yangtze River Region:
– Paddy Fields: wetlands where rice is grown– Intensive Agriculture – using a great amount of human
labor to farm a small amount of land– Double Cropping: Harvesting 2 crops in the same plot in
order to add nutrients to the soil.
• Huang He/Yellow River Region:– Loess: yellowish, fertile soil, being eroded by the river– Summer: river overflows its banks*add nutrients to area surrounding the river
Yangtze “Chang Jiang” River
• Longest river in Asia and 3rd largest in world
• Chang Jiang means “long river”• Headway-Plateau of Tibet• Mouth-East China Sea• 1/3 of China’s populations lives along the
river
Yellow “Huang He” River• 2nd largest river in China; 6th
in world• Mouth- Bohai Sea• “Cradle of Chinese
civilization” because it was the most prosperous region of early ancient civilizations
• Appears to be yellow from Loess
China• Official Religion- Atheist (due to communist
government)• 47% urban• Government- Communist State• Economy- moving toward a market economy
from a command economy
China’s Social Issues• Censorship is strictly enforced – Google
stopped operation for a period of time in protest
• Dissenters are not tolerated and can face jail time
• China controls Tibet even though they want autonomy and therefore China views the Dali Lama as a dissenter = bad news for the Dali Lama
Tiananmen Square• 1989, Beijing China• Protests led mainly by students and intellectuals in
an attempt to incite political reforms on the communist government
• 241 dead, 7000 wounded (official from China)
and 6,848 other islands
Japan• 126 million people• 80% Urban• Largest City- Tokyo (capital) 8.9 million• Religion- Shintoism and/or Buddhism 86%• Language- Japanese• Government- Constitutional Monarchy with a
parliamentary government and a Prime Minister.
Japan - Landforms• 4 main islands: Run North to South
1. Hokkaido2. Shikoku3. Kyushu4. Honshu – largest, most populated70% of Japan is mountainsJapanese Alps – large mtn. range *located on Honshu
Mount Fuji – Peak 12,388 ft asl30% is coastal plains
• Islands are located in the subduction zone, where the Pacific plate has pushed under the Eurasian and Philippine plates: therefore, it is a hotbed for tectonic activity
Japan – Climate• Precipitation – 40-60 inches/year• Typhoons – Eastern version of hurricane (summer-
fall)• Chishima Current – warm ocean current which
brings warm, moist air to Japan
Japan - Vegetation
• Limited habitat due to population growth & deforestation (cutting & burning of forests)
Japan - Animals• Located in the Flyway Zone – migration route
Japan - Current• 65% of forest is protected -- timber is imported• Hydroelectricity & nuclear energy• Marine life – Whaling is legal in Japan
Taiwan• Political status is disputed
because since 1949, China has claimed ownership
• 23 million people• 98% Han Chinese ethnicity
“native Taiwanese”• Language- Mandarin
Chinese and Taiwanese• Religion- 93% Buddhism,
Taoism, Confucianism
Korea• 2 countries on 1
peninsula• There are no active
volcanoes
South Korea• 49 million people• 83% urban• Largest city- Seoul (capital) 9.7 million• Religion- Christianity 26%• Language- Korean (English is widely taught in
school)• Government- Republic• One of the worlds top 20 largest economies
North Korea• 24 million people• 60% urban• Language- Korean• Government- Communist State• Large amounts of money is spent on the
military
Korea: Climate• North Korea – Humid Continental: cold winter,
warm summer• South Korea – Humid Subtropical: mild winter
warm summer
Korea: Vegetation• Limited habitat due to population growth and
deforestation
Korea: Natural Resources
• North Korea: Iron ore, copper, lead, coal• South Korea: Fish
Nighttime view of Korea
Mainland: Climate
• Tropical and Subtropical climate dominate the region
• Precipitation is very high• Monsoons – bring wet/dry seasons
– Wet – floods common– Dry – fires or drought common
Mainland: Animals
• Arboreal: tree dwelling animals (monkey, bird)
Mainland: Natural Resources• Rainforest – hardwoods (floors)• Deforestation – endangered species: tiger &
elephants (on list)• Thailand – natural gas• Myanmar – oil• Vietnam – coal• Laos - Hydroelectricity
Islands of Southeast Asia: Landforms
• Malay Archipelago– Contains more than 20,000 islands– Peaks in New Guinea – some peaks have ice/snow– Straits and seas are ideal for transportation and
trade– Tectonic activity shaped the islands of SE Asia– Earthquakes and volcanoes are very common– Lahars – dangerous volcanic mudflows
• Provide rich soil
Islands: Climates
• Three Main Climates:1. Tropical Humid2. Tropical wet/dry3. Highland or mountain climate
Island: Vegetation and Animals
• Variety because of tropical rainforest• Endemic species – native to a certain region
(Ex. Komodo Dragon, Javan Rhino, Orangutan)
Island: Natural Resources
• Malaysia and Indonesia – Rubber trees• Brunei and Indonesia – Oil and natural gas
Singapore
• Primary ethnic group: Chinese• Very strict laws:
– Spitting in public places - $1,000 fine for first timers and $2,000 for repeat offenders
– Not flushing public toilets - $150 and up to $1,000 for repeat offenders
– Littering - $1,000 on first offense and up to $2,000 for repeat offenders
– Drug trafficking – can get the death penalty– Vandalism – can get jail time and caning