EAST-SAHEL 6 geozone 1999-2000...05-AAA-aa bura -maba ng maba, mabangi, maban, mabak, bura-mabang,...

0= AFRICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 63

05= EAST-SAHEL geozone

covers the "East-Sahel" reference area (part of the "Nilo-

Saharan" hypothesis); comprising 16 sets of languages (= 57 outer languages) spoken by communities in northern Central & Northeast Africa, near the Saharan fringes:

05-A MABA+ MIGE 05-B MIMI 05-C FOR+ ANDANG 05-D TAMA+ MARARIT 05-E SAARONG+ LIGURI 05-F NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL

05-G AMA+ AFITTI 05-H RONGE+ JIRRU 05-I KUFO+ AIGANG 05-J HIGIR+ MOGAREB 05-K BARKA+ ILIT 05-L BAXA* 05-M AKA+ GAAM 05-N BERTHU+ GOBATO 05-O KWAMA+ ANEJ 05-P SURI+ MAJANG

Central African Republic; Chad; Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Sudan

6

05-A MABA+ MIGE set 'maban' Latin script

05-AA MABA+ MIGE* chain

05-AAA MABA+ RUNGA net

05-AAA-a Maba+ Keshmere Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan 5

05-AAA-aa bura-maba-ng maba, mabangi, maban, mabak, bura-mabang, bora-mabang, kana-mabang, bourgu, borgu, borgotke; maba-a community, wadai, in [51=] Français: ouaddaïen, waddayen Abéché… Am-Dam

Chad (Ouaddaï); also Sudan (Dar-Fur)

05-AAA-aaa ndaba ma-ndaba, ma-daba community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aab ndala ma-ndala, ma-dala community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aac langa ma-langa community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aad kajangan kajanga (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aae nyabadan (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aaf kelingan (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-aag abkar Abakar (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ab kodoi in [51=] Français: kodoï Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ac uled-jemaa uled-jemma, aulad-djema, uled-djemaa, awlad-djema community Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ad kujinga kujinga community Oum-Hadjer Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ae kondongo Abéché>NE. Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-af keshmere kaschemere, kashmere community, in [51=] Français: kachmere, kechmere

Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ag ab-sharin abu-sharin community, in [51=] Français: abu-charin Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-b Marfa Chad (Ouaddaï) 5

05-AAA-ba marfa marba, marfa community Chad (Ouaddaï) 5

05-AAA-baa marfa-A. marfa "proper" (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-bab surbakhal masalit-E., masalit-surbakhal, surbakal Surbakal (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-c Karanga+ Bakha Am-Dam>N. Chad (Ouaddaï) 4

05-AAA-ca karanga-A. karanga "proper"; karanga, kurunga community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-cb mooyo moyo, mooyo community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-cc faala fala, bakka 2, faala community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-cd bakha baxa, bakhat, bakka community (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ce konyare (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-d Masala Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur; Kassala)

5

05-AAA-da kaana-masala masalit, massaalit, massaalit-ali, masaraa, massalit, massalat community, including jwisinge, jwisince

Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur; migration> Kassala)

5

05-AAA-daa masala-N. Dar-Masalit. (Dar-Fur)

05-AAA-dab masala-W. Gereda>NE. (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-dac masala-S. Nyala (Dar-Fur)

05-AAA-e Runga+ Aykin Dar-Rounga region Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur); Central African Rep. (Bamingui-Bangoran; Vakaga; Haute-Kotto)

4

05-AAA-ea runga-A. runga "proper"; rounga, roungo, runga community Dar-Rounga region

Chad (Ouaddaï); (Dar-Fur); (Vakaga; Bamingui-Bangoran; Haute-Kotto)

05-AAA-eb aykin-dang aiki, ayki Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-AAA-ec runga-ndele Ndélé Central African Rep. (Bamingui-Bangoran)

05-AAA-f Kibeet Goz-Beïda>W. Chad (Salamat; Ouaddaï) 4

05-AAA-fa muro murru, mourro Chad 3

05-AAA-fb dagel daggal, dogel Chad 3

05-AAA-fc kaben-tang kaben, kibeet "proper", kibet, kibeit Chad 4

The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

05-AAB MIGE* net

05-AAB-a Mige Oum Hadjer district Chad (Batha) 4

05-AAB-aa mige miki, maku, manyang, 'rataning' #rataning, from [12=] 'Arabiyya

=«those who speak strange language»

Chad (Batha) 4

05-B MIMI* set mimi Latin script X

05-BA MIMI chain X

05-BAA MIMI net X

05-BAA-a Mimi formerly Chad (Ouaddaï) 0

05-BAA-aa mimi "lost" mimi, "Gaudefroy-Demboyne's" mimi ¶extinct; former community now speaks [12=] 'Arabiyya (Baggari)

Chad (Ouaddaï) 0

05-C FOR+ ANDANG set "WIDER"-FUR Arabic script; Latin script

05-CA FOR+ ANDANG chain

05-CAA FOR net

05-CAA-a For fur Sudan (Dar Fur, also Kassala); Chad (Ouaddaï)

5

05-CAA-aa bele-for for, fur, four, forta, forok, konjara, kondjara, kungara, yerge, onage, korra, kadirgi, kurka, dala, lali; for-a, fur-akang community, for-dunga, for-dungo person; in [12=] 'Arabiyya: furawi Dar-Fur country

Sudan (Dar-Fur; migration> Kassala); Chad (Ouaddaï)

5

05-CAB ANDANG* net

05-CAB-a Andang Biltine>N. Chad (Ouaddaï); also Sudan (Dar-Fur)

4

05-CAB-aa simi-andang-ti andang, andang-ti, amdang, mime, mimi 2, "Jungraithmayr's" mimi, biltine, in [51=] Français: mimi de Biltine Biltine… Abéché-S. districts #andang = «people»

Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur) 4

05-CAB-aaa mimi-goz "plains" mimi (Ouaddaï)…

05-CAB-aab mimi-bel "hill" mimi (Ouaddaï)…

05-D TAMO+ MARARIT set

part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script

05-DA TAMO+ MARARIT chain

05-DAA TAMO+ SONGOR net

05-DAA-a Tamo+ Songor Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur) 4

05-DAA-aa tamo-ngo'bo tama, tamo-k community; tamo-t person Dar-Tama-N. region Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur) 4

05-DAA-ab jabaal jebel, missirii, milri, bororit, mun, mul; mileere community Geneina>N.: Jebel Mun mountain Abéché>N.

Sudan (Dar-Fur); Chad (Ouaddaï) 3

05-DAA-ac haura orra, gimr, qimr Maku ¶presumed extinct submerged < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Baggari)

Sudan (Dar-Fur) 0*

05-DAA-ad shale shaale Dar-Tama-N.region Chad (Ouaddaï)

05-DAA-ae a-songor-i songor, soungor, sungor, madungore; a-song, a-sungorung, a-zangori, assagori, assangori, a-songori, a-sungore community Dar-Tama… Dar Masalit-N. region bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya

Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur) 4

05-DAA-aea songor-A. songor "proper" (Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)

05-DAA-aeb girga (Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)

05-DAA-aec wallad-dulla (Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)

05-DAA-af bognak Sudan (Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)

05-DAA-ag erenga including shaale Geneina>N.& E. Sudan (Dar-Fur) 3

05-DAB MARARIT net

05-DAB-a Mararit merarit, mareret Goz-Beida>NE. bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya

(Baggari)

Chad (Ouaddaï) 4

05-DAB-aa abiyi abiri, ebiri, mararit "proper" Chad (Ouaddaï) 4

05-DAB-ab abu-sharib abu-charib, in [51=] Français: abou-charib Chad (Ouaddaï) 4

05-E SAARONG+ LIGURI set

"WIDER"-DAJU, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script

05-EA SAARONG+ BEKE chain

05-EAA SAARONG+ BEKE net

DAJU-WEST, daju "proper", dajo, dadjo, dadju, dajou

05-EAA-a Saarong Dar Daju, Dadjo region Chad (Ouaddaï) 4

05-EAA-aa saarong-ge sarong, daju-oum-hadjer (Ouaddaï) 4

05-EAA-b Bokoruge mongo+ sila Chad (Ouaddaï; Salamat); migration> Sudan (Dar-Fur)

4

05-EAA-ba bokor-u-ge bokorge, bokorike (Ouaddaï; Salamat); (Dar-Fur adjacent)

4

05-EAA-baa daju-sila silla, sula Dar Silla, Sila region Chad…

05-EAA-bab daju-mongo mongo-N. Chad…


05-EAA-c Fini+ Baygo Sudan (Dar-Fur; Equatoria; Kordofan)

4

05-EAA-ca zalingei kas+ zalingei+ geneina Dar Masalit region Sudan (Dar-Fur)

05-EAA-cb fini nyala, daju-ferne, dagu; fini-ce person; fini-nga community Daju mountains

Sudan (Dar-Fur) 4

05-EAA-cc baygo bego, beko, baigo, beigo, beygo, beke Jebel Beygo mountain

¶extinct

formerly Sudan (Dar-Fur) 0

05-EAA-cd lagowa Lagowa Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-EAA-ce nyool nyol, njalgulgule, njangulgule, nyala; nyool-ni-ce person; nyool-ge community

Sudan (Equatoria; Kordofan) 2

05-EAA-cea nyool-sopo Sopo upper valley (Equatoria)

05-EAA-ceb nyool-nyukri Jebel Nyukri mountain (Kordofan)

05-EB LIGURI+ IKIJANING chain

DAJU-EAST

05-EBA LIGURI net

05-EBA-a Liguri bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-EBA-aa liguri-A. liguri "proper" Jebel Liguri mountain Sudan (Kordofan)

05-EBA-ab saburi Saburi Sudan (Kordofan)

05-EBA-ac tallau talau, talo Tallau Sudan (Kordofan)

05-EBB IKIJANING net

05-EBB-a Ikijaning Shatt mountains bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-EBB-aa ikijaning shatt #shatt in [12=] 'Arabiyya = «scattered» Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-EBB-aaa daman-shatt (Kordofan)

05-EBB-aab safia-shatt (Kordofan)

05-EBB-aac tebeldia-shatt (Kordofan)

05-F NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL set

NUBIAN, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Arabic script; Latin script

05-FA NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL chain

05-FAA-a Nobiin nobin, part of "nile nubian", mahas-fiadidja, mahas-fedicca, fiadidja-mahas, mahas-fiyadikkya Nile valley: Korosko upstream bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sa'idi)

Egypt (Upper Egypt); Sudan (Northern)

5

05-FAA-aa fiadidja fedicca, fadicha, fiyadikkya, fadicca, fadija Nile valley: Wadi Halfa downstream


05-FAA-ab mahas mahass, mahasi Wadi Halfa upstream: Batn-el-Hajar+ Dar Sukkot+ Dar Mahas country

Sudan (Northern)

05-FAB KENUZ+ DONGOLA net

05-FAB-a Kenuz+ Dongola part of "nile nubian", metoki Nile valley: Aswân upstream bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sa'idi)


5

05-FAB-aa kenuz kenzi, kunuzi, kenuzi Nasser lake... Egypt (Upper Egypt)

05-FAB-ab dongola "dongolese", in [12=] 'Arabiyya: dongolawi Kerma... Dongola... Korti Sudan (Northern)

05-FAC KITHONIRI+WUNCI net

HILL-NUBIAN, "nubian"-S.

05-FAC-a Kithoniri+ Wunci bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-FAC-aa hagarat el-hugeirat El Hugeirat mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAC-ab kodin-ni-ai kodhin, kadaru-E., kaduru-E. Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAC-ac thaminyi-ni-be dair, daier Jebel Daier mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAC-ad wunci-m-be ghulfan, gulfan Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-FAC-ada kurgul Ghulfan-Kurgul mountains (Kordofan)

05-FAC-adb morung Ghulfan-Morung massif (Kordofan)

05-FAC-ae debri wei Sudan (Kordofan) 2

05-FAC-af kadero kadaru-W., kaduru-W. Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAC-ag kithoniri-she karko, garko Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-FAC-ah waliri-she wali, walari Wali mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAC-ai ginuk Sudan (Kordofan)

05-FAC-aj tabaq Sudan (Kordofan)

05-FAC-ak warki-m-be dilling, delen Dilling town+ mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-FAD TIDNAAL net MIDOB

05-FAD-a Tidnaal bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan; migration>

Omdurman; Gezira) 4

05-FAD-aa tid-n-aal tid-da, midob, meidob, midobi Jebel Midob mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-FAD-aaa urrti uurti (Kordofan)

05-FAD-aab torti (Kordofan)

05-FAD-aac shalkota shelkota (Kordofan)


05-FAE MURGI net BIRGID X 05-FAE-a Murgi formerly El Obeid>S.; Jebel Marra>E.; Nyala>N.; also in Ouaddaï

country ¶extinct formerly Sudan (Kordofan, Darfur); Chad (Ouaddaï)

0

05-FAE-aa murgi birgid, birked, birqed, birguid, birkit, kajjara ¶now extinct, former

community now speaks [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) distinct from neighbouring [17=] Birgit (Birgid)

formerly Sudan (Kordofan, Darfur); Chad (Ouaddaï)

0

05-FAF HARAZA* net X 05-FAF-a Haraza formerly Sudan (Kordofan) 0

05-FAF-aa haraza ¶now extinct, former Haraza speech community now speaks [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)

Sudan (Kordofan) 0

05-G AMA+ AFITTI set part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script

05-GA AMA+ AFITTI chain

05-GAA AMA net NYIMANG

05-GAA-a Ama bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-GAA-aa ama #ama =«people» Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-GAA-aaa i-nyimang nyimang "proper", nyima, nyamang, nyiman Jebel Nyimang mountains

(Kordofan)

05-GAA-aab mandal Mandal mountains (Kordofan)

05-GAB AFITTI+ DITTI net

05-GAB-a Afitti+ Ditti Jebel Dair-E. mountains: Sidra environs bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya

(Sudani)

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-GAB-aa afitti affitti (Kordofan) 3

05-GAB-ab ditti Umm-Diti (Kordofan)

05-GAB-ac unietti (Kordofan)

05-GAB-ad dinik (Kordofan)

05-H RONGE+ JIRRU set part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script

05-HA RONGE+ JIRRU chain

05-HAA RONGE net

05-HAA-a Ronge temain Temein mountains bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-HAA-aa longot-na-ronge rone, ronge; ne-kina-ronge community; rong-intet person Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-HAB JIRRU+ TESEI net

05-HAB-a Jirru+ Tesei bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-HAB-aa keiga-jirru girru Keiga-girru, Keiga-jirru Sudan (Kordofan)

05-HAB-ab tesei teis, tese Tesei Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-HAB-ac umm-danab Umm-danab Sudan (Kordofan)

05-I KUFO+ AIGANG set formerly classified with languages of the "Kordofanian" grouping

(06=Kodofanic) Latin script

05-IA KUFO+ KADHOMODI chain

"WIDER"-KADUGLI, "kadugli+ krongo"

05-IAA KUFO+ THULISHI net

'kadugli'-C.

05-IAA-a Dhalla+ Miri 'kadugli' "proper"+ miri #thoma = «language» bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)

Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-IAA-aa thoma-ma-miri miri, muri, ka-miri; kado-ma-miri community Miri villages & mountains Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-IAA-ab thoma-ma-dhalla dhalla, talla, dakalla, morta, toma-ma-dalla, ka-dhalla community; in

[12=] 'Arabiyya: kadugli "proper", kudugli Kadugli

Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-IAA-ac thoma-ma-dholubi dholubi, tolubi, dlubi, tuna, katcha, kaca; ka-dholubi community #thoma-ma-dholubi = «language of the hearth» Katcha

Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-IAA-b Kufo+ Tumma bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAA-ba kufo kanga Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAA-baa kanga Kanga (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bab abu-sinun Abu-sinun mountain (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bac chiroro+ kursi Chiroro… Kursi (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bad kufa+ lima Kufa… Lima (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bb tumma+ sangali Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAA-bba tumma Tumma (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bbb sangali Sangali (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bbc belanya Belanya (Kordofan)

05-IAA-bbd krongo-abdallah krongo-abdullah Krongo-Abdullah (Kordofan)


05-IAA-c Thulishi+ Turuj Mudo bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

05-IAA-ca thulishi tulesh; ka-thulishi community; tha-thulishi person Jebel Tulishi mountain

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAA-cb kamdang kadho-ma-nya (=«community of the mountains») Jebel Kamdang mountain

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAA-cc turuj dar-el-kabira Dar-el-Kabira region Sudan (Kordofan)

05-IAA-cca turuj-A. truj

05-IAA-ccb logoke

05-IAA-ccc minjimmina

05-IAB KADHOMODI+ TUMTUM net

'kadugli'-E.

05-IAB-a Kadhomodi Krongo, korongo, kurungu Krongo mountains bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAB-aa kadho-mo-di kadu-mo-di # =«community of the hearth» Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAB-aaa tabanya Tabanya (Kordofan)

05-IAB-aab dimodongo Dimodongo (Kordofan)

05-IAB-aac fama Fama Teis Kua (Kordofan)

05-IAB-b Tumtum+ Talasa Jebel-Talodi+ Eliri mountains bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAB-ba tumtum Tumtum Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IAB-bb talasa talassa Talassa Sudan (Kordofan)

05-IAB-bc karondi kurondi, korindi Karondi Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IB AIGANG+ ROFIK chain

05-IBA AIGANG+ ROFIK net 'kadugli'-W.

05-IBA-a Aigang+ Rofik Keiga, y-ega bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IBA-aa sani-m-aigang aigang, y-ega, k-eiga, k-aigang, k-ayi; kadho-m-aigang community Keiga mountains

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-IBA-aaa keiga-el-kheil Keiga-el-Kheil (Kordofan)

05-IBA-aab kalda Kalda (Kordofan)

05-IBA-aac lubun luban Keiga-Lubun (Kordofan)

05-IBA-aad tummero Keiga-Timero (Kordofan)

05-IBA-ab sani-mo-rofik demik; kadho-mo-rofik community Demik village + mountain Sudan (Kordofan) 3

05-J HIGIR+ MOGAREB set

NARA, barea, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic; Latin scripts

05-JA HIGIR+ MOGAREB chain

05-JAA HIGIR+ MOGAREB net

05-JAA-a Higir+ Mogareb

nara, nera, 'barea', 'barya', 'baarya', marda-N. Amideb... Mogareb... Mareb... Baraka valleys including considerable dialect variation within each of the four inner languages bilingual < [12=] Tigre

Eritrea 4

05-JAA-aa higir Eritrea

05-JAA-ab mogareb Mogareb valley Eritrea

05-JAA-ac koyta Eritrea

05-JAA-ad santora Eritrea

05-K BARKA+ ILIT set Ethiopic script; Latin script

05-KA BARKA+ ILIT chain

05-KAA BARKA+ ILIT net

05-KAA-a Barka+ Marda Kunama, kunaama, cunama, baza, baaza, baada, baazen, bazen, baazayn, baden, baaden, bada, diila Braia... Setit… Takazze valleys

plurilingual < [12=] Tigre, Tigray, 'Arabiyya and/or [13=] Bedauye

Eritrea-W.; Ethiopia (Tigray); also formerly Sudan (Kassala)

4

05-KAA-aa marda marda-kunama, marda-S., kunama-NE. Barentu>N. & E. Eritrea

05-KAA-ab aimara aaimasa, aymasa, odasa Barentu>W. Eritrea

05-KAA-ac sokodasa sogodas, sogadas Eritrea

05-KAA-ad barka berka, kunama-E. Mareb valley: Barentu>S. Eritrea

05-KAA-ae bitaama bitama, beet-haama Eritrea

05-KAA-af setiit setit, takazze-setit Setit valley Eritrea; Ethiopia (Tigray)

05-KAA-ag tiika tika, lakatakura-tika, kunama-S. Laki-Tukura>S. Eritrea; Ethiopia (Tigray)*

05-KAA-b Bitaama Eritrea 3*

05-KAA-ba bitaama bitama, beet-haama Eritrea

05-KAA-c Ilit Alkota mountains Eritrea 3

05-KAA-ca ilit iiliit, iliit, iilit Eritrea 3


05-L BAXA* set GUMUZ Ethiopic script; Latin script

05-LA BAXA chain

05-LAA BAXA net

05-LAA-a Baxa ingishi-baxa, baga-tse, bega, gumuz, gumis, komuz, 'shanqilla'-N., 'shankillinya', mendeya, debatsa, deguba, dehenda Gandoa valley... Blue Nile+ Didessa valleys plurilingual < [12=] Amarinya and/or [14=] Oromo (Tulema / Mecha) #ingishi-baxa =«language of (the) people»

Ethiopia (Gondar; Gojjam; also

Welega; Shoa); Sudan (Blue Nile) 4

05-LAA-aa dakunza dukuna, dugunza, dukunza, dugunz, gunza, "pseudo" ganza, ganzo, degoja distinct from [16=] Ganza

Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ab sai Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ac sese saysay Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ad disoha desua Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ae dekoka Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-af dewiya Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ag kukwaya Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ah gombo gombo Gombo Ethiopia (Welega); Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ai jemhwa Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-aj modea Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-LAA-ak welqita Welqita environs Ethiopia (migration> Shoa)

05-M AKA+ GAAM set part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic script; Latin script

05-MA AKA+ MOLO chain

05-MAA AKA+ MOLO net plurilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) and [05=] Berta

05-MAA-a Aka Sillok Jebel Sillok, Silak mountain Sudan (Upper Nile) 2

05-MAA-aa aka sillok, nas-sillok, silak; fa-c-aka (= «people of Aka»), fecaka community Sudan (Upper Nile) 2

05-MAA-b Molo Jebel Malkan, Yakan mountains Sudan (Blue Nile) 2

05-MAA-ba molo feca-malga, malga, malkan, yakan; tvra-ka-molo community Sudan (Blue Nile) 2

05-MAA-c Keelo+ Tornasi keelo ¶extinct formerly Sudan (Blue Nile) 0

05-MAA-ca keelo ndu-faa-kelo Keeli, Kele, Kelle mountain & village Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-MAA-cb beni-sheko kelo-beni-sheko Jebel Beni Sheko mountains Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-MAA-cc tornasi Jebel Tornasi mountains Sudan (Blue Nile)

05-MB GAAM chain TABI, ingassana

05-MBA GAAM net

05-MBA-a Gaam Jebel Tabi mountains bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Blue Nile…) 4

05-MBA-aa kor-e-gaam jog-gaam, gam, tabi, me-tabi, mun-tabi, ingessana, ingassana, mamedja, mamidza, kamanidi

Sudan (Blue Nile…) 4

05-MBA-aaa agadi (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aab bagis (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aac beek (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aad bulmut (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aae kilgu (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aaf kukuli Kukur* (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aag mugum (Blue Nile)

05-MBA-aah sidak (Blue Nile)

05-N BERTHU+ GOBATO* set

Latin script

05-NA BERTHU+ GOBATO chain

05-NAA BERTHU+ GOBATO net

05-NAA-a Berthu+ Gamila Blue Nile... Yabus valleys bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) in a transnational area of complex nomenclature and ethno-linguistic identity, to be further clarified

Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Welega; perhaps also Ilubabor)

4

05-NAA-aa ndu-berthu bertha, berta, burta, ndu-thayu, xojalee, hojale, shogale, 'beni-shangul', jebelawi, gebelawin #ndu-thayu =«home language», literally «mouth+

home»; jebelawi, gebelawin in [12=] 'Arabiyya =«hill-community»

Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Welega)

4

05-NAA-aaa shuru Sudan and/or Ethiopia

05-NAA-aab bake Sudan and/or Ethiopia

05-NAA-aac undu Sudan and/or Ethiopia

05-NAA-aad mayu in [12=] 'Arabiyya: bani-ummaya, including wetawit (Welega)

05-NAA-aae fadashi wa-'dashi Fadasi (Welega)

05-NAA-aaf dabuso Blue Nile valley: Dabuso (Welega)

05-NAA-ab gamila gameli, qameli, qamamyl* Blue Nile+ Dabus confluence probably

bilingual < [14=] Oromo (Mecha)

Ethiopia (Welega; Gojjam) 3*

05-NAA-b Gobato Didessa valley probably bilingual < [14=] Oromo (Mecha) Ethiopia (Welega) 3

05-NAA-ba gobato gebeto Ethiopia (Welega) 3


05-O KWAMA+ ANEJ set KOMAN Ethiopic script; Latin script

05-OA ANEJ chain X

05-OAA ANEJ net X

05-OAA-a Anej Jebel Gule mountains ¶extinct formerly Sudan (Blue Nile) 0

05-OAA-aa anej gule; fungi, funj, fecakomodiyo, 'hameg', 'hamej' #hamej in [12=] 'Arabiyya =«serfs»

formerly Sudan (Blue Nile) 0

05-OB KWAMA+ TWAMPA chain

05-OBA TWAMPA net UDUK

05-OBA-a Twam-Pa uduk Belila... Yabus valley bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Upper Nile; Blue Nile) 4

05-OBA-aa twam-pa kwanim-pas (=«community of the village»), uduk, korora, kebeirka, othan, korara, kumus

Sudan (Upper Nile; Blue Nile) 4

05-OBA-aaa twam-pa-C. (Blue Nile)

05-OBA-aab twam-pa-S. (Upper Nile)

05-OBB KWAMA+ KOMO net

05-OBB-a Kwama+ Komo komo distinct from [16=] Ganza ("pseudo" Koma) bilingual < [14=] Oromo (Mecha) and/or [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)

Ethiopia (Welega; Ilubabor); Sudan (Upper Nile)

4

05-OBB-aa twa-kwama kwama, gwama, go-gwama, ta-kwama, goma, noka-noka, afan-mao, amam, koma-N., asosa-koma Asosa

Ethiopia (Welega) 4

05-OBB-ab ta-komo komo, t'a-komo, go-kwom, coma, como, haya-haya, madiin, daga, daga-komo, koma-C. Daga valley

Sudan (Upper Nile); (Welega) 4

05-OBB-aba beilla Sudan

05-OBB-abb chali Sudan

05-OBB-ac madiin medin, modin, marin, koma-S. Begi... Baro valley Ethiopia (Ilubabor)

05-OC OPUUO chain

05-OCA OPUUO net

05-OCA-a Opuuo opuo, opo Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Ilubabor)

3

05-OCA-aa opo-shiita shita, cita, ciita, an-sita, kina, kwina, in [04=] Anywaaa: 'langa' Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Ilubabor)

3

05-OCA-ab buldiit buldit Sudan (Upper Nile)

05-OCA-ac kusgilo Kigille Sudan (Upper Nile)

05-P SURI+ MAJANG set SURMAN, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic script; Latin script

05-PA DIDINGA+ ZILMAMU chain

05-PAA DIDINGA+ MURLE net

05-PAA-a Didinga+ Larimo Sudan (Equatoria) 4

05-PAA-aa doth-ki-larimo larimo, narim; longarim, larim community; larim-init person Boya mountains

Sudan (Equatoria) 3

05-PAA-ab doth-ki-didinga didinga, 'di'dinga, xaroxa, toi, lango-didinga Didinga mountains Sudan (Equatoria) 4

05-PAA-aba lowudo (Equatoria)

05-PAA-abb chukudom nagichot (Equatoria)

05-PAA-b Murle+Olam Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)

4

05-PAA-ba dod-murle murulei, merule, mourle, murule, beir, ajibba, agiba, adkibba, dhuak-W.

¶spoken by semi-nomadic pastoralists

Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia (Kefa;

Gemu-Gofa)

4

05-PAA-baa ol-ci-lotilla pibor-murle Pibor+ Kengen valleys (Upper Nile)

05-PAA-bab ol-ci-bom boma-murle Boma plateau (Upper Nile)

05-PAA-bac olam ng-alam Ukwaa-SE.: Bang-Alam #bang Alam= «land of Olam» (Kefa) 3

05-PAA-bad murle-omo Omo valley (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa) 2

05-PAA-c Tenet Lafit mountains Sudan (Equatoria) 3

05-PAA-ca tenet tenat, tennet, irenge, "blacksmith's" murle ¶spoken by blacksmiths'

community Sudan (Equatoria) 3

05-PAB ZILMAMU+ BALE net

kacipo+ balesi

05-PAB-a Zilmamu+ Bale Ethiopia (Kefa); also Sudan (Equatoria; Upper Nile)

3

05-PAB-aa zilmamu zilmamo, zulmamu, tsilmano, silmamo Zilmamo, Tsilmamo… Ethiopia (Kefa) 3

05-PAB-ab bale-si bale, bale-tha, bale-thi, mashi Ethiopia (Kefa) 3

05-PAB-ac kacipo kachepo, suri-W. Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper Nile…)


05-PB SURI+ ME'EN chain

05-PBA SURI+ ME'EN net

05-PBA-a Me'en Ethiopia (Kefa) 4

05-PBA-aa tuk-te-me'en-en me'en, mekan, mie'en, mieken, meqan, men, shuro, daim, sogore, surbm # tuk-te-me'en-en =«mouth of the community»

Ethiopia (Kefa) 4

05-PBA-aaa bodi dime, podi, "plains" me'en ¶spoken by nomadic pastoralists (Kefa)

05-PBA-aab tishena teshina, teshenna, "hill" me'en ¶spoken by pastoralists (Kefa)

05-PBA-b Suri+ Mursi Surma, including dama, tama Boma plateau… Koma environs Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper Nile)

4

05-PBA-ba mursi mursu, murdi, murzi, murzu, merdu, meritu; mun community Jinka>SW.

Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper Nile) 3

05-PBA-bb tirma tirma-ga, tirma-gi, triima, terema, terna, dirma, cirma, caci, cai, chai, chachai, tid

Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper Nile)

4

05-PBA-bc tug-a-suri suri-E., shuri, churi, dhuri, surma "proper", dhuak-E. #tug-a-suri =«mouth of suri»

Ethiopia (Kefa) 4

05-PC KWEGOI+ MUGUJI chain

"WIDER"-KWEGU

05-PCA KWEGOI+ MUGUJI net

05-PCA-a Kwegoi+ Muguji ¶nearly extinct, spoken by scattered communities of hunter-gatherers plurilingual < [05=] Mekan (Bodi) and/or [05=] Surma (Mursi) Omo valley

Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa) 2

05-PCA-aa toko-kwegoi kwegoi, kwegu "proper, kwegi, koegu, bacha, menja; yidinich, yidinit, nyidi, yidi community #toko-kwegoi=«mouth of kwegu»

Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)

05-PCA-ab muguji-apo muguji #muguji-apo =«mouth of muguji» near Omo+ Mako confluence

Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)

05-PD MAJANG chain

05-PDA MAJANG net

05-PDA-a Majang Dembidolo environs... Erbu valley Ethiopia (Welega; Kefa) 4

05-PDA-aa ato-majang majang, u-jang, mesengo, masongo, masango, majanj-iro, ojanjur, ajo, ato-majang-er-onk; majang- ir community #ato-majang =«mouth of majang»

Ethiopia (Welega; Kefa) 4

05-PE SHABO* chain

05-PEA SHABO net

05-PEA-a Shabo Godere... Mashi plurilingual < [05=] Majang and/or [16=] Gonga-S. (Mocha)

Ethiopia (Ilubabor) 2

05-PEA-aa shabo shako, 'mekeyer', 'mikeyir', 'mikair' Ethiopia (Ilubabor) 2


06= KORDOFANIC phylozone

covers the "Kordofanian" grouping (part of the "Congo-

Kordofanian", "new Niger-Congo" hypothesis); comprising 4 sets of languages (= 18 outer languages) spoken by communities in Northeast Africa, in and around the Nuba

Hills:

06-A KALAK+ OMURIKI 06-B TORO+ WARNANG 06-C NGILE+ TALODI 06-D TEGALI+ TAGOI

excluding [05=] Kufo+ Aigang or "Kadugli+ Keiga" (which had formerly been classified as "Kordofanian")

Sudan 5

06-A KALAK+ OMURIKI set

katla+ tima Latin script

06-AA KALAK+ OMURIKI chain

06-AAA KALAK net

06-AAA-a Kalak katlaNuba massif bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-AAA-aa betel-gali-a-kalak kalak; a-kalak people / community; kaalak person Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-AAA-aaa bombori+ kiddu Bombori… Kateik… Kiddu (Kordofan)

06-AAA-aab kirkpong+ karoka Kirkpong… Karoka (Kordofan)

06-AAA-aac koldrong Koldrong (Kordofan)

06-AAA-aad julud gulud Gulud (Kordofan)

06-AAB OMURIKI net

06-AAB-a Omuriki timaJebel Tima mountians bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-AAB-aa tamanik-l-omuriki omuriki, tima, yibwa; yibwa l-omuriki community #tamanik =«language»

(Kordofan) 3

06-B TORO+ WARNANG set

"WIDER"-HEIBAN, koalib-moro Latin script

06-BA TORO+ MORONG chain

06-BAA MORONG+ TIRO net

06-BAA-a Morong Moro hills bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAA-aa dhi-morong morong, moro Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAA-aaa logorban umm-dorein Umm-Dorein (Kordofan)

06-BAA-aab morong-A. moro, abu-leila Abu-Leila (Kordofan)

06-BAA-aac umm-gabralla Umm-Gabralla (Kordofan)

06-BAA-aad acheron Acheron apparently distinct from neighbouring [06=] Tacho+ Torona (Acheron-2)

(Kordofan)

06-BAA-aae lebu dorong Lebu hill (Kordofan)

06-BAA-b Tiro tira Tira bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAA-ba ngarta-nga-tiro tiro, li-thiro, ngarta-nga-thiro, thiro, tira; li-tiro community Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAA-baa tira-el-akhdar tira-dagig (Kordofan)

06-BAA-bab tira-mandi (Kordofan)

06-BAA-bac kinderma kanderma (Kordofan)

06-BAA-bad tira-lumun luman (Kordofan)

06-BAB SHIRUMBA+ SHEIBUN net

06-BAB-a Shirumba+ Sheibun bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BAB-aa nguron-ngadi-ngi-shirumba

shirumba "proper", dhi-shirumba, li-shirumba, cerumba, cherumba Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAB-ab ngurun-nga-lu-dumör lu-dumör, shwai, shuway Shwai mountains Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAB-ac sheibun shabun Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAB-ad ndano Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC TORO+ QWURANG net

HEIBAN-CENTRAL

06-BAC-a Toro+ Gurila Otoro massif bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAC-aa dhi-toro toro, dhu-toro, otoro "proper", utoro, kawama, kawarma; li-toro community

Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ab dhi-jama jama, di-jama; li-gyama, li-jama community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ac dhu-gwujur gwujur, du-gwujur; lu-kujur, lu-gwujur community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ad dhu-kwara kwara, do-kwara; lö-kwara community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ae dhu-gurila gurila, du-gurila; lu-gurila community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-af dho-rombe rombe, do-rombe, dho-robe, lo-rombe community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ag dha-garro garro, da-garro, li-garro community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ah dhö-görindi görindi, do-gorindi; lö-görindi community Sudan (Kordofan)


06-BAC-b Eebang+ Laaru bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAC-ba dhu-nguna-dha-eebang

eebang, ebang; d he-bang, heiban; lebang community Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BAC-bb dhu-gun-dha-dhi-l-abla-a

l-abla-a, abla-a, dhabla, dha-abel-a, abel, abul Obul Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-bc yi-l-laaru l-laaru, yi-l-laro, laro, alleira, aaleira, laaru; ngu-l-laaru, ngwu-l-laro community Laro mountains

Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BAC-bd igwormany Lormany Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-c Logol bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BAC-ca tha-logol-i logol, longan, 'lukha' Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BAC-d Qwurang+ Nyukwur koalib, kawalib, kowalib, 'nuba'; lgalige Koalib country & massif

bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-BAC-da ngu-qwurang qwurang, ngu-gwurang; lu-qwurang community Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-db ngi-reere reere, li-reere, ni-rere, rere, abri Abri>S.+SW. Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-dc ngu-nduna nduna; lu-nduna community Abri Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-dd ngi-nyukwur nyukwur Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BAC-dda nyukwur-A. Nyukwur (Kordofan)

06-BAC-ddb hadra Hadra, Umm-Heitan (Kordofan)

06-BB WARNANG+ FUNGOR chain

06-BBA WARNANG net

06-BBA-a Warnang bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BBA-aa guro-ra-warnang warnang, ciring-ca-warnang, werni, werna Werni Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BBB FUNGOR+ NYARO net

06-BBB-a Fungor+ Nyaro bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-BBB-aa kraw-ka-iro ko, kau, kao Kau Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BBB-ab nyaro Nyaro Sudan (Kordofan)

06-BBB-ac fungor fungur Sudan (Kordofan)

06-C NGILE+ LAFOFA set Latin script

06-CA NGILE+ TALODI chain

06-CAA NGILE+ TALODI net

06-CAA-a Ngile+ Dengebu Masakin, mesakin bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-CAA-aa ngile masakin "proper", darra Mesekin hills… Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-CAA-aaa masakin-qusar qusar, masakin-gusar, mesakin-qusar, including masakin-buram… masakin-dagig Qusar

(Kordofan)

06-CAA-aab masakin-buram Buram (Kordofan)

06-CAA-aac masakin-dagig dagik Dagig (Kordofan)

06-CAA-aad masakin-tuwal tuwal, towal, tiwal Towal (Kordofan)

06-CAA-aae aheima el-akheimar Aheima (Kordofan)

06-CAA-aaf daloka taloka Taloka (Kordofan)

06-CAA-ab dengebu reikha Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-CAA-b Tacho+ Torona* Moro hills bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-CAA-ba acheron-2 Acheron apparently distinct from neighbouring [06=] Morong (Acheron)

Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-bb lumun kuku-lumun Lumun Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-bc tacho toicho Tacho Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-bd torona Torona Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-c Talodi+ Jomang Talodi mountain Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-CAA-ca talodi Talodi Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-cb tasomi Tasomi Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-cc ga-jomang jomang; a-jomang community, ta-jomang Tata Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CAA-d Nding Eliri massif bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-CAA-da nding eliri Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-CB LAFOFA+ TEGEM chain

06-CBA LAFOFA+ TEGEM net

06-CBA-a Lafofa+ Tegem bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 3

06-CBA-aa kidie-lafofa lafofa; amee-lafofa community Lafofa environs Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CBA-aaa lafofa-C. Eliri hills (Kordofan)

06-CBA-aab umm-shatta Umm-Shatta (Kordofan)

06-CBA-ab amira Jebel-el-Amira mountain Sudan (Kordofan)

06-CBA-ac tegem tekeim Jebel-Tekeim Sudan (Kordofan)


06-D TEGALI+ TAGOI set RASHAD Latin script

06-DA TEGALI+ TAGOI chain

06-DAA TEGALI+ TAGOI net

06-DAA-a Tagoi+ Tumale language with noun-classes: contrast [06=] Tegali+ Kom bilingual <

[12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-DAA-aa ngon-nga-ta-goi goi, goy, tagoy, kombo-ka-tagoi community, tagoi Tagoi Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-ab orig turjuk, turjok Turjok village Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-ac tu-male male, su-male community, hu-male community, yu-male community, tumali, tumale, tumeli Tumale, Tumele mountain

Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-ad moreb moreib Moreb village Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-ae ta-gogen Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-af wadelka Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-b Tegali+ Kom tegele, tagale, togole, tekele Tegali massif without noun-classes: contrast [06=] Tagoi+ Tumale bilingual < [12=] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)

Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-DAA-ba te-gali Rashad hills Sudan (Kordofan) 4

06-DAA-bb nge-kom kom, nga-kom, kome, rashad Rashad town Sudan (Kordofan)

06-DAA-bc tingal kajakja, kajaja Tegali massif Sudan (Kordofan) 3


07= RIFT-VALLEY geozone

covers the "Rift-Valley" reference area (composed of sets not

covered by any phylozone); comprising 4 sets of languages (= 7 outer languages) spoken by hunter-gatherer or former hunter-gatherer communities in Northeast Africa, along the

Rift Valley:

07-A ONGOTA 07-B ICIE+ SO 07-C HADZA 07-D SANDAWE

Set 07-A has a hypothetical link to languages in the 1=Afro-Asian phylosector. Set 07-B forms part of the "East Sudanic" hypothesis (with languages in zones 04= and 05=). Sets 07-

C and 07-D are parts of the "wider Khoisan" hypothesis (with languages in zones 08= and 09=).

Ethiopia; Tanzania; Uganda 4

07-A ONGOTA set BIRALE a distant link to languages in the 1=Afro-Asian phylozone

has been suggested

07-AA ONGOTA chain

07-AAA ONGOTA net

07-AAA-a Ongota Weyt'o valley Ethiopia (Gemu-Gofa) 1

07-AAA-aa ifa-'ongota ongota, birale, birelle, 'shanqilla'-S. ¶nearly extinct, spoken by a community of elderly former hunter-gatherers plurilingual < [14=] Tsamakula & [14=] Karatti

Ethiopia (Gemu-Gofa) 1

07-B ICIE+ SO set KULIAK, part of east-sudanic hypothesis (together with languages in

zones 04= and 05=, within Nilo-Saharan hypothesis)

07-BA ICIE chain

07-BAA ICIE net

07-BAA-a Icie Karamoja-Turkana escarpment: Timir forest Uganda (Karamoja) 3

07-BAA-aa icie-tod-ak ice-tod-ak, icie-tot, teuso, teuth, ngulak; ik-a, ice community #tod(-ak) =«language» bilingual < [04=] Karimojong ¶nearly extinct, spoken by community of hunter-gatherers

Uganda (Karamoja) 3

07-BB SO+ NYANG'I chain

07-BBA NYANG'I net

07-BBA-a Nyang'i Nyangea-S. massif distinct from neighbouring [04=] Pore /Nyangia-

N. Uganda (Karamoja; Acholi) 2

07-BBA-aa nyang'i nyangi, nyangia-S., nyangeya-S., ngangea-S., na-pore-S., ni-pori-S., poren-S., pore-S., pori-S., porei-S.; nga-pore-S. community, ngi-angeya community, u-pale community bilingual < [04=] Karimojong

¶nearly extinct, spoken by community of hunter-gatherers

Uganda (Karamoja; Acholi) 2

07-BBB SO net

07-BBB-a So Moroto mountain Uganda (Karamoja) 3

07-BBB-aa so soo, tepeth, tepes bilingual < [04=] Karimojong ¶nearly extinct Uganda (Karamoja) 3

07-BBC 'DOROBO-NORTH' net

X

07-BBC-a 'Dorobo-North' Karamoja-Turkana escarpment formerly Uganda (Karamoja) 0*

07-BBC-aa 'dorobo-N.' 'dorobo-karamoja', "Wayland's" 'dorobo', "lost" 'dorobo', part of

'dorobo', 'n-dorobo' ¶presumed extinct, formerly spoken by community of hunter-gatherers

Uganda (Karamoja) 0

07-C HADZA set part of "wider khoisan" hypothesis

07-CA HADZA chain

07-CAA HADZA net

07-CAA-a Hadza Eyasi lake>SE. Tanzania (Singida; Arusha; Shinyanga; Dodoma)

2

07-CAA-aa hadza hatsa, hadzapi, wa-kindiga, wa-tindiga, kindiga, tindiga, kangenju ¶spoken by community of hunter-gatherers

Tanzania (Singida; Arusha; Shinyanga; Dodoma)

2

07-CAA-aaa kondoa Kondoa district (Dodoma)

07-CAA-aab merilu Tanzania

07-CAA-aac bali Tanzania

07-D SANDAWE set part of "wider khoisan" hypothesis

07-DA SANDAWE chain

07-DAA SANDAWE net

07-DAA-a Sandawe between Bubu… Mponde valleys Tanzania (Dodoma) 4

07-DAA-aa sandawe wa-sandaui, sandaui, sandwe, sandawi ¶spoken by community of hunter-gatherers, now also agriculturalists and pastoralists

Tanzania (Dodoma) 4


08= KHOISANIC phylozone

covers the "Central Khoisan" grouping (part of the "wider

Khoisan" hypothesis); comprising 2 sets of languages (= 14 outer languages) spoken by herding or hunter-gatherer communities in Southwestern Africa, in and around the

Kalahari desert:

08-A NAMA+ HAINL'UM 08-B KWADI

The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are

recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold names in column 3) as follows:

p'=bilabial click c'=dental click /

t'= dento-alveolar click q'=retroflex click ! l'=lateral click //.

Angola; Botswan; Namibia; South Africa; Zambia

5

08-A NAMA+ HAINL'UM set

08-AA NAMA+ TSHWA chain

#suffixes -khoi, -khwe, -khoe, -kxoe, -kxo, -kwe, -q'oa etc. = «people,

community»

08-AAA NAMA+ T'AU net KHOI-KHOI, kxwe-kxwe, khwe-khwe

08-AAA-a Nama khwe-kovab, kxhwe-kovab, 'hottentot', naman; nama-kwa, nama-khwe, nama-qua, khoi-govab community

Namibia; also Botswana; South Africa (Northern Cape)

5

08-AAA-aa nama-F. "standardised" nama, "literary" nama Namibia

08-AAA-ab nama-G. "generalised" nama, "vehicular" nama Namibia

08-AAA-ac damara-E. dama-E., in [52=] Afrikaans: 'klippkaffer'-E., 'klipkaffer'-E., part of dama, damara, daama, damaqua, tama, tamma, tamakwa, bergdama, bergdamara community Damaraland country

Namibia (Karibib; Okahandja)

08-AAA-ad l'xau-c'gõa //gxau-/gõan; in [52=] Afrikaans: 'swart-booi' community Windhoek; migration> Fransfontein, Franzfontein

Namibia (formerly Windhoek; now Outjo)

08-AAA-ae t'ao-ni 'ao-nin; in [52=] Afrikaans: part of topnaar community Sesfontein, Zesfontein

Namibia (Kaokoveld; Outjo)

08-AAA-af mun-l'i mũ-//ĩn; in [52=] Afrikaans: part of topnaar community east of Walvis Bay

Namibia (Walvis Bay; Karibib; Swakopmund)

08-AAA-ag q'xara-kai-kxoe q'xara, !gxara-kai-kxoen; in [52=] Afrikaans: Simon Kopper 'hottentot' community Rietfontein

Namibia (Gobabis); Botswana (Ghanzi) frontier

08-AAA-ah q'ami-nt'u q'ami, !gami-nun; in [52=] Afrikaans: 'bondel-swart' community Kalkfontein

Namibia (Gobabis); Botswana (Ghanzi) frontier

08-AAA-ai kai-l'xau kai-//xau, kai-//xaun; in [52=] Afrikaans: rooi-nasie, rooi-natie community Hoachanas

Namibia (Rehoboth; Gibeon)

08-AAA-aj l'o-kai //'o-kain; in [52=] Afrikaans: 'groot-dode' community Gibeon… Berseba>W.

Namibia (Gibeon; Keetmanshoop)

08-AAA-ak l'ghapope //ghapopen; in [52=] Afrikaans: 'veldskoendraer' community Koes Namibia (Keetmanshoop)

08-AAA-al kxaro-q'oa kxaro, kxaro-!oan; tsaib-'hottentot' community Keetmanshoop Namibia (Keetmanshoop)

08-AAA-am l'aixa-l'ae //aixa-//aen; "Chief Afrikaner's" 'hottentot', 'afrikaner-hottentot', part of orlam, oorlam community

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape); exodus> Namibia (Windhoek; Okahandja)

08-AAA-an kai-l'xaua kai-//xaua, kai-/xaua, kai-//xauan, kakuya; amraal, part of orlam, oorlam, in [52=] Afrikaans: kakuya-'bushman'-nasie community

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape); exodus> Namibia (Rehoboth; Gobabis)

08-AAA-ao c'xope-si /xope-si; g/xopesin; "Chief Wit-booi's" 'hottentot', 'wit-booi', part of orlam, oorlam community Gibeon

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape); exodus> Namibia (Gibeon)

08-AAA-ap t'ama !'aman; bethanie-'hottentot', part of orlam, oorlam community Bethanie, Bethanien

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape); exodus> Namibia (Bethanien)

08-AAA-aq c'hai-c'xaua c'hai, /hai-/xaua; g/hai-g/xauan; berseba-'hottentot', in [52=] Afrikaans:

bersabaer, part of orlam, oorlam community Fish valley: Berseba

formerly South Africa (Northern

Cape); exodus> Namibia (Keetmanshoop)

08-AAA-b T'au t'au-kxoe, 'au-kxoen; damara-W. community, part of dama, damara, daama, damaqua, tama, tamma, tamakwa, bergdama, bergdamara community, in [52=] Afrikaans: 'klippkaffer'-W., 'klipkaffer'-W. #t'au-kxoe =«community of the peak»

Namibia (Outjo; Swakopmund; Omaruru; Karibib)

4*

08-AAA-ba ao-kupu 'ao-kupu, au-kupun community Namib-N. desert Namibia (Outjo)

08-AAA-bb tãuna-tama tãuna-taman community, brandberg-dama Brandberg massif Namibia (Outjo; Swakopmund; Omaruru)

08-AAA-bc q'oe-t'gã !'oe-gãã, !'oe-gãn community, erongo-dama Erongo massif Namibia (Omaruru)


08-AAA-c Ãi 'ãi-//'ae, in [52=] Afrikaans: rivier-volk community South Africa (Northern Cape); also

Namibia (Warmbad) 3*

08-AAA-ca c'oo-xoo /'oo-xoo, in [52=] Afrikaans: 'smaal-wange' community South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-cb t'nam-l'ae nam-//'ae, in [52=] Afrikaans: 'kaross-heber' community South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-cc q'ao !ao, in [52=] Afrikaans: 'Snyer's volk' community South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-cd c'hõa /hõã, in [52=] Afrikaans: katte community South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-d Q'kabe !kabe ¶previously believed extinct; few surviving speakers reunited in 1990's Kalahari Gemsbok national park; expelled to Rietfontein &

environs in 19[28=] 1937

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape)

1

08-AAA-da q'kabe !kabe, gemsbok-nama, gimsbok-nama, gemsbok-'bushman' community

South Africa (Northern Cape) 1

08-AAA-e Q'xiri ¶extinct Griqualand East country… Great Karoo country formerly South Africa (Eastern Cape; Kwazulu-Natal-S.)

0

08-AAA-ea q'xiri !xiri, griqua, gry, grikwa, !xrikwa, xirikwa, 'cape-hottentot' community South Africa (Eastern Cape; Kwazulu-Natal-S.)

0

08-AAA-f Q'ora !ora, !kora, kora, koraqua, korana, koranna, gorachouqua Oranje+ Vaal basin ¶presumed extinct

formerly South Africa (Northern Cape; Orange Free State)

0*

08-AAA-fa t'nuu-l'ae t'nuu, nuu-//'ae, in [52=] Afrikaans: 'swartse' community Griqualand West country

South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-fb kai-q'ora !ora, kai-!ora, in [52=] Afrikaans: taaibosch community South Africa (Northern Cape)

08-AAA-fc kx'am-l'õa kx'am, kx'am-//'õa, in [52=] Afrikaans: regshande community Kraalshoek…

South Africa (Orange Free State; Northern Cape adjacent)

08-AAA-fd l'are-mãa-l'ae l'are, //'are-mãa-//'ae, in [52=] Afrikaans: links community South Africa (Orange Free State)

08-AAA-fe c'hoa-l'ae c'hoa, /hõa-//'ae, in [52=] Afrikaans: katse community South Africa (Orange Free State)

08-AAB TSHWA+ TS'AURU net

TSHU-KWE

08-AAB-a Ts'auru+ C'am Nharo-n, naro, nhauru, nhauru-n Okavango valley… Kalahari-C. desert

Botswana (North West; Ghanzi); also Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)

3

08-AAB-aa q'ko-khoe* q'ko, !ko-khoe, g!o-kwe Okavango swamp>W.... Okavango downstream

Botswana (North West); Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)

08-AAB-ab q'ave-khoe q'ave, qabe-khoe, kaba-kwe, kabba-kwe, !kabba-kwe Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)

08-AAB-ac l'ai-khoe l'ai, //ai-khoe, //aikwe, //ai//eĩ, //ai//en, //aisan, /aikwe, nharo "proper" Ghanzi>SW.

Botswana (Ghanzi)

08-AAB-ad c'am-kwe c'am, /amkwe, /anekwe Botswana

08-AAB-ae ts'auru-khoe ts'auru, tsoro-kwe Botswana

08-AAB-af q'gin-khoe q'gin, g!inkwe, !gingkwe Botswana

08-AAB-b Ts'ao+ Nc'hai Ghansiveld plain... Tsau Botswana (North West; Ghanzi) 3

08-AAB-ba ts'ao-khoe ts'ao, tsau-khwe, tsau, tsau-kwe, ts'ixa, ts'exa Tsau environs Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-bb nc'hai n/hai Ghansiveld plain Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)

08-AAB-bc nc'hai-tse n/hai-tse, n/hain-ts'e, /nhai-tse Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)

08-AAB-c C'wi+ K'ere L'gana-khoe, //gana-khoe Botswana (North West; Central; Ghanzi)

3*

08-AAB-ca nyive-kxo nyive, nyibe-kx'o Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-cb t'heva-khoe heba-khoe, kheba-khoe, 'khessa' Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-cc k'ere-khoe k'ere, k'ere-khwe, tsh'ere-khwe, tcere-khoe, tsere-kwe Makalamabedi environs

Botswana (North West; Central)

08-AAB-cd dom-khoe dom, dum-khwe Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-ce du-kwe du, de-kwe Botswana (Central)*

08-AAB-cf l'gaa-khoe //gaa-khoe, g//aa, g//aakhwe Botswana (Ghanzi)

08-AAB-cg l'gana-khoe g//ana, g//ana-khwe, //gana-khoe, //kana-khoe, tanne-kwe Botswana (Ghanzi)

08-AAB-ch c'wi-khoe c'wi, g/wi, g/wi-khoe, g/wi-khwe, g!in-kwe, ma-gwi-kwe, /gui-khoe, gwi-'bushman' community

Botswana (Ghanzi)

08-AAB-ci mo-lepolole 'lepolole' Botswana (Ghanzi)

08-AAB-d Tshwa+ Kovee Tshu-C., tshu-kwe-C., tshwe, tshase, "wider" hiechware Botswana (North West; Ghanzi; Central); also Zimbabwe (Matabeleland)

4

08-AAB-da l'goro-khwe //goro-khwe Botswana (North West…)

08-AAB-db l'gulu //gulu Botswana (Ghanzi…)

08-AAB-dc l'golo //golo Botswana (Ghanzi…)

08-AAB-dd ganadi ganade Gerufa environs Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe (Matabeleland)

08-AAB-de kwe-e-tsho-ri kwe, kwee, kwe-tshori Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-df tshwa tywa, tyhwa, tyhua, tyua Botswana (Central)


08-AAB-dg c'hai-tsho-ri /hai-tshori, /hai-tshuwau, /hai-tshuari, hie-tshwari, hiechware, hietshware, hiotshuare, haitshuari, haitshuwau, hiotshuwau, hietsho, chware, sarwa, se-sarwa, tshuwau, ma-sarwa-tati, tati, 'tati-bushman' Nata>N.

Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe (Matabeleland)

3

08-AAB-dh l'gabake-tsho-ri g//abake-ntshori, //gabake-ntshori, g//abake-tshori Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-di mohisa mohissa Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-dj kovee-n-tsho-ri kovee, kobee, kobee-ntshori, kobee-tshori, 'kossee' Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-e Shua+ Tchaiti Botswana (North West; Central); also Zimbabwe (Matabeleland)

3

08-AAB-ea nl'oo-khoe nl'oo, n//oo, n//oo-khwe, n//oo-khoe, //noo-khwe Botswana (North West)*

08-AAB-eb ts'ixa-khoe ts'ixa Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-ec bore-khoe bore Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-ed danisa danisi, danisin, danisan, denisa, ma-denasse, ma-denassa, ma-dinnisane Kanyu>S.

Botswana (North West; Central)

08-AAB-ee shua-khoe shua, shua-kwe, shua-khwe, ma-shua-kwe, tshu-ma-kwe Nata Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-ef l'aiye //'aiye, //aaye, //'aye Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-eg tshuma-khoe tshuma, tshuma-kwe Makgadikgadi salt-pans>N. Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-eh l'oree-khoe l'oree, //oree-khwe, //koree-khoe Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-ei c'haise /xaise, /haise, /hais, /ais, //aise Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-ej tcaiti-khoe tcaiti, tshidi-khwe, tshidi, tsh'iti, tçaiti, sili, shete, tsere Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe (Matabeleland)

2

08-AAB-ek hura ma-hura, se-hura Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-el deti-khoe deti, teti-khwe, ma-tete, tete, teti, tletle, kwaa-khoe Botswana (Central)

08-AAB-f Xũ+ Handa Tshu-N., tshu-kwe-N. Botswana (North West); Angola (Huila); also Zambia (Northern); Namibia (Caprivi Strip)

4*

08-AAB-fa handa-khoe handa, handa-khwe, ts'exa, ts'ixa, handa-dam, handa-kwe-dam Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fb gali-kwe gali Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fc goe-kwe goe Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fd gari-kwe gari Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fe l'kani-kxoe l'kani, g//ani-khwe, //kani-kxoe, kani-khoe, tanne-kwe Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-ff boga-kxoe boga, buka, buka-khwe, 'water-bushman' Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fg buma-kxoe Botswana (North West)

08-AAB-fh xũ-kxoe xũ, kxoe, xũ-khwe, hu-kwe, 'black-bushman' community Botswana (North West); Angola (Huila); also Zambia (Northern); Namibia (Caprivi Strip)

08-AAB-fha q'hu-kwe !hu-kwe Makalamabedi (North West)

08-AAB-fhb zama va-zama community (Huila)

08-AAB-fhc kwengo mbara-kwengo, va-kwengo, mbara-kwena (Huila); also (Northern)

08-AAB-fhd glanda-khwe glanda (Huila)

08-AAB-fhe schekere (Huila)

08-AB HAINL'UM+ KEDI chain

08-ABA HAINL'UM+ KEDI net

08-ABA-a Hainl'um+ Kedi Namibia (Ovamboland; Grootfontein; Gobabis; Kaokoveld); Angola (Huila)

4

08-ABA-aa hai-nl'um Heikom, hai//'om, heiom, heikum, haikum, hai//'um, hai-//um, hain//um, heikom-'bushman' community

Namibia (Gobabis; Grootfontein)

08-ABA-ab kedi kedde, keddi Namibia (Ovamboland; Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)

08-ABA-ac cwaga chwagga Namibia (Ovamboland; Grootfontein)

08-ABA-ad 'strandläufer' Kaoko-Veld-W. plain in [52=] Deutsch: Strandläufer =«beach-runners»

Namibia (Kaokoveld)

08-B KWADI set

08-BA KWADI chain

08-BAA KWADI net

08-BAA-a Kwadi cuepe, cuanhoca, curoca, ma-koroko, mu-coroka, mucoroca; ba-koroka community Curoca lower valley

Angola (Moçamedes) 4

08-BAA-aa kwise kwisso, mo-quisse; ba-kise, ba-cuisso, ba-kuise, ba-kwisso, va-kuise community

Angola (Moçamedes)

08-BAA-ab zorotua va-sorantu community Angola (Moçamedes)


09= KALAHARI geozone

covers the Kalahari reference area (within the "wider Khoisan"

hypothesis), composed of the "North-Khoisan" set 09-A plus the remaining sets within the "South-Khoisan" hypothesis; comprising 5 sets of languages (= 14 outer languages)

spoken by hunter-gatherer communities in Southwestern Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert and Orange basin:

09-A XUNG+ Q'O-Q'XUNG 09-B C'WI+ NC'USAN

09-C NC'HU+ L'KUL'E 09-D L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI 09-E C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'*

Certain languages (indicated by a star *) and the final set of

languages (09-E C'xam+ 'Katkop'*) are classified notionally, in the absence of adequate or consistent information

The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal

clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and

indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold names in column 3) as follows:

p'=bilabial click c'=dental click /

t'= dento-alveolar click q'=retroflex click ! l'=lateral click //.

Angola; Botswana; Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa

4

09-A XUNG+ Q'O-Q'XUNG set

KHOISAN-NORTH, kung

09-AA Q'O-Q'XUNG chain

09-AAA Q'O-Q'XUNG net

09-AAA-a Q'o-Q'xung Kung-N., !'o-!khung, !'o-!kung, !o!kung, !'o-!'khung, o-khung, o-kung, oung, n-!khung, !kung, !khung, !xü

Angola (Huila) 3

09-AAA-aa maligo q'o-q'xung-N. Angola (Huila)

09-AAA-ab q'o-q'xung-C. Angola (Huila)

09-AAA-ac q'o-q'xung-S. Angola (Huila)

09-AB XUNG+ ZHU chain KUNG-WEST

09-ABA XUNG net

09-ABA-a Xung* !xũ, !kũ, !hũ, qxũ, !kung, !khung, kung-ekoka, ekoka-!xü Angola (Huila); Namibia (Ovamboland; Grootfontein; Tsumeb); Botswana (North West)

3

09-ABA-aa xung-ukuambi Namibia (Ovamboland)

09-ABA-aaa uukualuthi (Ovamboland)

09-ABA-aab ukuambi (Ovamboland)

09-ABA-ab xung-heikum Angola (Huila); Namibia (Ovamboland; Tsumeb)

09-ABA-aba heil'um hei//um (Huila); (Ovamboland; Tsumeb)

09-ABA-abb heikum (Tsumeb…)

09-ABA-ac xung-chu Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola (Huila)*

09-ABA-ad xung-t'kung-N. !kung-N. comprising 2 dialects Namibia (Grootfontein)

09-ABA-ae xung-t'kũ !kũ comprising 2 dialects Namibia (Grootfontein)*

09-ABA-af xung-t'ung-S. !kung-S. comprising 2 dialects Namibia (Gobabis)

09-ABB NOGAU+ AUKWE net

09-ABB-a Nogau+ Aukwe Kung-Gobabis, kaukau, koko Namibia; Angola; Botswana 3

09-ABB-aa l'khau-l'en //kh'au-//'e, //k'au-//en, //kh'au-//en, //au-//eĩ, //au-//en, x'au-//esi, au-//eĩ

Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola; Botswana

3

09-ABB-ab au-kwe* //aukwe, /aukwe comprising 3 dialects Namibia; Botswana 2*

09-ABB-ac au-san* Namibia 1*

09-ABB-ad no-gau a-gau ¶presumed extinct Namibia 0*


09-ABC ZHU+ HOÃ net

09-ABC-a Zhu kung-tsumkwe, xũ, xun, tshumkwe Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola (Huila); Botswana (Ghansi; Kweneng)

3

09-ABC-aa zhu-hoa zhu-/hoa, dzhu-/'oa Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)

09-ABC-ab zhu-oase zhu-/oase, ju'oasi, zhu'oasi, dzu'oasi, zu-hoasi, zu-/'hoasi, dzhu-/'oasi, ssu-ghassi, zhu'oase comprising 2 dialects

Namibia (Grootfontein)

09-ABC-b Hoã Botswana (Ghansi; Kweneng) 2*

09-ABC-ba hoã hüa, hua-E. Botswana (Ghansi; Kweneng)

09-B C'QWI+ NC'USAN set

XONG, ta'a, part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis

09-BA C'QWI+ NC'USAN chain

09-BAA C'QWI+ NC'USAN net

09-BAA-a C'qwi+ C'ngamani* Xong-E. Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi; Ngwakets); Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon); SouthAfrica (Northern Cape)

3

09-BAA-aa c'gwi /gwi Botswana (Ghanzi)

09-BAA-ab q'xony-E. !xony-a-ã, !xõ-E., !xon, !xong, !kõ, !ku, !khong, koon, gxon, ma-gong, ma-gon, //nõ, ge, !khonya

Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi)

09-BAA-ac p'kha Θkha Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ghanzi)

09-BAA-ad c'hua-p'wani hua, /hũa, /hũ, /hua-Θwani, hua-W. Botswana (Kgalagadi) 3

09-BAA-ae tyoro Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ngwakets)

09-BAA-af l'nah //nah Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier

09-BAA-ag p'ha Θha, Θa Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier

09-BAA-ah c'ngamani /ngamani, ng/amani, /ngamasa, /namani, n/amani Namibia (Gibeon); Botswana (Kgalagadi); frontier

09-BAA-ai tsha-si tsha, tsase, tshase Botswana (Kweneng…)

09-BAA-b Nc'u-san+ Q'kong* Xong-W. Namibia; Botswana 3*

09-BAA-ba q'xony-W. !xony-a-ã-W., aminuis !xõ, !xõ-W., kongowa !xõ Namibia (Gobabis)

09-BAA-bb q'gao-kx'a !gao-kx'a, !gao-kx'ate Namibia (Gibeon)

09-BAA-bc q'kong !kõ, naosanabis kong Namibia

09-BAA-bd nc'u-l'en ng/u//en, /nu//'en, n/u//in, n/hu//eĩ, //u//en, nu//en, /u//in, ng/u/ei, koon 2

Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon)

09-BAA-be nc'u-san ngu-san, nu-san, nuusan, n/husi, noosan, ng/usan Botswana (Ghanzi); Namibia (Gobabis) frontier

09-BAA-bf nc'u-mde n'/ngumde, n'/umde Botswana (Kgalagadi); also Namibia (Gibeon)

09-BAA-bg nl'ahnsa Botswana (Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gobabis)

09-BAA-bga tuu-nl'ahnsa nl'ahnsa "proper", tuu-ngahnsa, tuu-'ongahnsa, l'ngahmsa, nbahmsa (Kgalagadi); (Gobabis)

09-BAA-bgb lala (Kgalagadi); (Gobabis) frontier

09-BAA-bgc owa (Kgalagadi) and/or (Gobabis)

09-BAA-bgd l'naheh //'naheh (Kgalagadi) and/or (Gobabis)

09-BAA-bh l'gui //gui Botswana and/or Namibia

09-BAA-bi q'ama ãma, !ama Botswana

09-BAA-bj q'ohju !ohdzhu, !ohju Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier

09-BAA-bk unka-te ükate, üka, 'üka-te Botswana and/or Namibia

09-BAA-bl l'oal'ei //oa//ĩ

09-BAA-bm kic'hazi+ kakia Namibia; Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ngwakets; Kweneng)

2

09-BAA-bma kic'hazi ki/hazi Namibia

09-BAA-bmb kakia khakea, khakhea, 'masarwa' (=[99=] Tswana: «bushmen») Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ngwakets; Kweneng)

2

09-BAA-bn t'atia atia, khatia, kattea, katia, xatia, /kusi, ei-kusi, vaalpens, kk ¶extinct

formerly Namibia 0


09-C NC'HU+ L'KUL'E set Q'WI, !wi; part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis X 09-CA NC'HU+

'VASEKELA' chain ng/huki X

09-CAA NC'HU+ C'AUNI net X 09-CAA-a Nc'hu+ C'auni ¶presumed extinct formerly South Africa (Northern

Cape); Botswana (Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gibeon)

0*

09-CAA-aa nc'hu-ki-A. ng/huki "proper", nhuki, nghuki, /nguhci, n/huci, ng'huki South Africa

09-CAA-ab t'khomani khomani South Africa (Northern Cape); Botswana (Kgalagadi)

09-CAA-ac l'khau //kxau, //khau South Africa

09-CAA-ad nl'-t'ke //ng-!ke, ng//-/e, //ng, //ng-/ke, ng//-e South Africa

09-CAA-ae c'auni /'auni, /'auo, /auni, /auo Botswana (Kgalagadi); Namibia (Gibeon); SouthAfrica (Northern Cape) frontier

09-CAA-af kic'hasi ki/hazi, ki/hasi Namibia

09-CAA-ag t'kaurure-nl'ai kaurure-//nai Namibia

09-CAA-ah nc'usa /nusa, nusan, ng/usan, nu-san, noosan Namibia

09-CAB 'VASEKELA' net X 09-CAB-a 'Vasekela'* ¶extinct Namibia 0*

09-CAB-aa 'vasekela' vasekela-'bushman' Namibia 0

09-CB L'KUL'E+ Q'ÃNQ'E* chain

SEROA X

09-CBA L'KUL'E+ Q'ÃNQ'E net

09-CBA-a L'kul'e+ Q'ãnq'e* ¶extinct formerly Lesotho; South Africa (Orange Free State; Kwazulu-Natal)

0

09-CBA-aa l'kul'e //kũ-//'e, //ku//e South Africa (Orange Free State) 0

09-CBA-ab 'boshof' Boshof South Africa (Orange Free State) 0

09-CBA-ac 'qacha's-neck' Qacha's Neck Lesotho 0

09-CBA-ad q'ãnq'e !gã!nge, !gã!ne, lesotho-'bushman' Lesotho; South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)

0

09-D L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI set

BUSHMAN-EAST, 'ama-busman', ba-twa, aba-thwa, ba-roa, part of

"khoisan-S." hypothesis X

09-DA L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI chain

X

09-DAA L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI net

X

09-DAA-a L'xegwi+ L'xogwi ¶presumed extinct (few dozen speakers in 1950's) Vaal upper valley South Africa (Eastern Transvaal) 0*

09-DAA-aa l'xegwi-A. //xegwi, //xegwe, //xekwi, //kxigwi, ki-//kxigwi, //kxegwi, //khegwi, gi-//kxigwi, kxigwi, klegwi, khegwi, n-kqeshe, u-kqashe, kl'egwi, aman-kgqwigqwi

South Africa (Eastern Transvaal) 0

09-DAA-ab l'xogwi //xogwi, kloukle, kxloukxle, tloue, tloutle, lxloukxle South Africa (Eastern Transvaal) 0

09-E C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'* notional set

part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis X

09-EA C'XAM+ 'KATKOP' chain

X

09-EAA C'XAM+ 'KATKOP' net

X

09-EAA-a C'xam* ¶extinct formerly South Africa (Northern Cape)

0

09-EAA-aa c'xam-t'ke /xam, /kham, /kham-ka-!k'e, /kam-ka!e-!ka, /xam-ka!-ka, /xam-ka-!k'e, /kam-ka-!ka

South Africa (Northern Cape) 0

09-EAA-b 'Katkop' ¶extinct formerly South Africa (Northern Cape)

0

09-EAA-ba 'katkop' Katkop hills South Africa (Northern Cape) 0

09-EAA-c 'Strontbergen' ¶extinct formerly South Africa (Northern Cape)

0

09-EAA-ca 'strontbergen' South Africa (Northern Cape) 0

EAST-SAHEL 6 geozone 1999-2000...05-AAA-aa bura -maba ng maba, mabangi, maban, mabak, bura-mabang,...

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Transcript of EAST-SAHEL 6 geozone 1999-2000...05-AAA-aa bura -maba ng maba, mabangi, maban, mabak, bura-mabang,...