Presenter Session 1: The Challenge and the Science Session ...
Earth Science Session 3 Science... · Web viewEarth Science Session 3 Put all answers in your...
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Earth Science Session 3Put all answers in your Science Journal labeled Session 3. Also put your Space Mission peers notes in your Science Journal as well as they present them to youVocabulary:solar system, galaxy, universe, Milky Way,star, fusion, hydrogenWatch the videos under Engage and Explore to aide you in answer the following
questions for each section:Types of Galaxies
How are elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies alike and different?
Structure of the Universe What makes up a galaxy?
What makes up the universe?
Lifecycle of a Star How do stars form? What happens during a star's life span? How does the amount of mass in a star affect its life cycle?
Space Mission Project…due on October 17th…presenting October 18th and 19thAll notes taken during your peers slideshow will also be on this test. As your peers are lecturing on their space mission you will be asked to record :The Title of their space mission, the date and two interesting facts.Your test on this portion will consist of a matching for the dates and the missions. There will also be another matching section for the facts versus the mission.
SPACE MISSION PROJECT ASSIGNMENTBeaty, AidanSputnik 1 and Sputnik 2Carollo, IsabellaVostok 1Carter, Caroline Apollo 1,4,5,6Chaknis, Andrew Apollo 11Easley, Jillian Apollo 13Esparza Jr, Catarino MIR Space StationFlaherty, Ava: ChallengerGonzalez, Joseph: Luna 1Kessler, DavidDiscoverer XIVMarino, MichelleGemini 3Hebson, Grace International Space Station
Miner, Alysha Gemini 6 and Gemini 7Paone, Giavanna: Apollo 7Perry, Kailee Mariner 9Petrie, Johnny: Mariner 10Rudzki, Maris: Viking 2Saintilus, MacKenson Deep Space 1Seton, Teagan Space Shuttle Discovery Daldine, Rachel Space Shuttle ColumbiaSmith, Sara : Mars ObserverVillanueva, Angelo: Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11
Space Mission Project Assignment: You are to create a visual teaching about the Space Mission you are assigned above. Along with that visual you are also going to provide your peers with a one page hand out that includes 5 multiple choice questions on the bottom.
On Time Due on October 17thVisual Neatness, Accurate and Detailed Can be a power point, diorama,
poster,etc.Informative sheet and questions All must be in your own words as I will
check to make sureTyped sheet to be turned in and copied by Mrs McNeill
Presentation to the class Must present your project to the class and you have 5 minutes
No longer than that amount of time will be allowed.
SPACE VISUAL TIMELINE
In 1942 the German V2 was the first rocket to reach 100km from the Earth’s surface (the boundary of space).
The rocket was designed by Wernher Von Braun, who later worked with NASA as the creator of the rockets that went to the moon.
In 1947, the first animals were launched into space. Fruit flies were used to study the effects of space travel on animals, and were chosen because they are more similar to humans than you might imagine!
The flies travelled with a supply of corn to eat on the flight.
Albert II, was the first monkey in space. He was a Rhesus monkey, a type of monkey that originally comes from Asia.
Albert went into space on 14th June, 1949 in a specially adapted American V2 rocket, that flew to a height of 83 miles from earth.
On 4th October 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space; Sputnik 1, and the space age had properly begun!
Sputnik was the first satellite in orbit around the earth. Today there are over 500 working satellites in space. Sputnik means "Satellite" in Russian.
In November 1957, the Russian space dog Laika became the first animal to orbit the earth.
Laika travelled in a spacecraft known as Sputnik 2. Laika means "Barker" in Russian, and her mission helped scientists understand whether people could survive in space.
By 1959 Both American and Russian scientists were in a race to get a spacecraft to the Moon; the Russians made it first.
Space-probe Luna 2 crash-landed into the moon at a speed that would kill an astronaut if one had been travelling in it! It was ten more years until a human visited the moon's surface.
On 12th April 1961, Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space. Gagarin's spacecraft, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of the earth, and landed about two hours after launch.
Gagarin had to bail out and land using his parachute, because the Vostok 1 was designed to crash land!
The first woman in space was Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova.
After her 1963 mission, Valentina became an important member of the Russian Government, and has been awarded many honours and prizes for her achievements. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after her!
In 1963 US President John F. Kennedy promised the world that the US would land men on the moon before 1970. Before risking people's lives, NASA sent a robot spaceship, to make sure they could land safely.
It was called Surveyor 1, and it made the second soft landing on the Moon on 30th May 1966, a few months after Russian probe Luna 9 landed successfully.
Once it had landed on the moon, the robotic spaceship Surveyor 1 started taking photographs of the moon's surface, which it transmitted back to excited scientists in America and around the world.
The scientists used this vital information about the terrain to work out how they might land people on the moon safely.
On 20th July 1969, Neil Armstrong, and then Buzz Aldrin took "one small step" and became the first men on the moon. The first words said on the moon were "the Eagle has landed". Their spaceship, Apollo 11 worked perfectly, flying them 250,000 miles to the moon, and bringing them all the way back safely to earth. Buzz was a childhood nickname - his real name was Edwin!
Two days into its journey to the moon, on 13th April 1970, Apollo 13 suffered an explosion caused by a wiring fault. Using only whatever was on board, NASA scientists and the astronauts on board improvised repairs to bring the crippled spaceship home.
The mission was a successful failure: although the crew never walked on the moon at least they made it home alive!
From 1971 American astronauts on the fourth, fifth and sixth Apollo missions enjoyed use of a moon car to explore the moon. Known as the Lunar Rover, it was electric powered, and had a top speed of 8mph.
It was designed and developed in only 17 months, by Boeing, the aeroplane company famous for making the Jumbo Jet. Find out more here.
In 1973, Russian space probe Mars 2 explored Mars, the fourth planet of the solar system.
The probe was made of two parts. One part stayed in orbit for a year, sending pictures of Mars back to earth. The other was to land and explore the surface of Mars, but it was destroyed when its parachute failed to open.
Until 12th April 1981 all spacecraft were designed to be used only once. The Space Shuttle, was designed to be reused for up to 100 visits to space, in an attempt to make space travel less expensive.
With five hugely powerful rocket motors, it can fly at more than 17,000 miles per hour. Six were been built, but none fly any more - NASA retired the last of the fleet in 2011.
On January 28th 1986, tragedy struck. Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after launch, because of a fuel system failure. All seven astronauts on board were killed, and all shuttles were grounded for nearly three years.
This shocking accident reminded the world of the dangers of space travel, and the incredible bravery of all astronauts.
The MIR space station was built in sections, each piece launched by a rocket and then joined together in orbit. Construction started in 1986, with the last piece being fitted ten years later!
MIR was the first consistently inhabited long-term space station. MIR was destroyed in 2001 when it burned up as it crashed back to earth.
In 1989, Helen Sharman entered a competition to become the first British astronaut in space. After 18 months of intensive training, Helen was part of a Russian mission to the MIR space station.
She spent eight days in space conducting scientific experiments. She used to work for the sweet company that makes Mars bars!
In 2000 the first permanent crew moved into the International Space Station (ISS), where crews of astronauts have been living ever since.
The ISS is a huge space station for research and space exploration that began construction in 1986, with the final major module arriving in 2010.
On the 28th April 2001 American millionaire Dennis Tito became the first space tourist when he paid around 20 million dollars for a ride in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
Dennis spent a week in orbit, most of the time visiting the International Space Station. He had to train for 900 hours just to be a passenger!
On June 21st, 2004, SpaceShipOne made the first ever privately funded manned space flight. This space plane was built by a private aviation firm to win the 10 million dollar Ansari X Prize.
A new Airline, Virgin Galactic has been set up to offer private tourist flights into space, using a new version of this space plane. Despite a terrible crash in testing in 2014 in which a pilot was tragically killed, tickets remain available for flights starting around 2015.
As NASA began to plan retirement for the Space Shuttle, private companies began work on spacecraft to replace it. One of these companies, SpaceX, became the first to launch a privately funded liquid-fueled rocket into Orbit, the Falcon 1.
SpaceX now uses its Falcon rockets to launch their Dragon capsule - an unmanned vehicle that takes supplies to the ISS.
Launched in 2004, it took European Space Agency's Rosetta probe ten years to reach Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
The World watched as the ESA team successfully oversaw a soft landing by their Philae lander, which conveyed valuable data from the Comet's surface.
The U.S. National Space Policy of 2010 set out goals for space exploration; to send humans to an asteroid by 2025 and to the planet Mars in the 2030s.
Many of the astronauts that will be involved in these exciting missions are only children right now!
Timeline 1957
October 4 - The Soviet
Union launched the first
satellite, Sputnik, into
space.
November 3 - The Soviet
spacecraft Sputnik 2 was
launched with a dog
named Laika on board.
Laika did not survive the
voyage. 1958
January 31 - Explorer 1
was the first satellite
launched by the United
States when it was sent
into orbit on January 31,
1958. It was designed and
built by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL) of the
California Institute of
Technology. The satellite
was sent aloft from Cape
Canaveral in Florida by the
Jupiter C rocket that was
designed, built, and
launched by the Army
Ballistic Missile Agency
(ABMA) under the direction
of Dr. Wernher Von Braun. 1960
August 19 - The Soviet
craft Sputnik 5 was
launched, carrying the
dogs Strelka and Belka.
They became the first
living beings to survive a
trip into space. 1961
April 12 - Russian
cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
became the first human in
space.
May 5 - Astronaut Alan
Shepard became the first
American in space.
May 25 - President
Kennedy challenged the
country to put a man on
the moon by the end of the
decade. 1962
February 20 - Astronaut
John Glenn became the
first American in orbit.
June 16 - Valentina
Nikolayeva Tereshkova
became the first woman in
space. 1965
March 18 - While tethered
to his spacecraft,
cosmonaut Alexi Leonov
became the first man to
walk in space.
June 3 - Astronaut Ed
White became the first
American to walk in space.
July 14 - The spacecraft
Mariner 4 transmitted the
first pictures of Mars. 1966
February 3 - The Russian
spacecraft Luna 9 became
the first spacecraft to land
on the moon.
June 2 - Surveyor 1
became the first American
spacecraft to land on the
moon.1967
January 27 - Astronauts
Gus Grissom, Ed White,
and Roger Chaffee were
killed in an accidental fire
in a command module on
the launch pad.
April 24 - Cosmonaut
Vladimir M. Komarov was
killed in a crash when the
parachute on his Soyuz 1
spacecraft failed to deploy.
October 18 - A descent
capsule from the Soviet
probe Venera 4 collected
data about the atmosphere
of Venus. 1968
September 15 - The Soviet
spacecraft Zond 5 was
launched and later became
the first spacecraft to orbit
the moon and return to
Earth.
December 21 - Apollo 8
was launched, and later
her crewmembers became
the first men to orbit the
moon. 1969
July 20 - Neil Armstrong
and "Buzz" Aldrin became
the first men on the moon. 1970
April 11 - Apollo 13 was
launched.
September 12 - The Soviet
craft Luna 16 was
launched and became the
first automatic spacecraft
to return soil samples of
the moon.
November 17 - The Soviet
automatic robot Lunokhod
1 landed on the moon with
Luna 17.
December 15 - The Soviet
Venera 7 became the first
probe to land on Venus. 1971
April 19 - The Soviet space
station Salyut 1 was
launched.
July 30 - The moon rover
was driven on the moon for
the first time.
November 13 - The
Mariner 9 probe became
the first craft to orbit
another world - Mars. 1972
December 11 - Eugene
Cernan and Harrison
"Jack" Schmitt became the
last men to walk on the
moon. 1973
May 14 - The U.S.
launched its first space
station, Skylab.1975
July 17 - The American
Apollo 18 and Soviet
Soyuz 19 dock in the
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. 1976
September - The American
probe Viking 2 discovered
water frost on the Martian
surface. 1977
August and September -
Voyagers 1 and 2 were
launched. (Voyager 2 was
launched before Voyager
1, but Voyager 1 was on a
faster trajectory.) 1979
March and August -
Voyagers 1 and 2 began
transmitting images of
Jupiter and her moons.
September - The U.S.
probe Pioneer 11 reached
Saturn and began
transmitting images. 1980
November 13 - Voyager 1
reached Saturn and began
transmitting images. 1981
April 12 - Columbia
became the first Space
Shuttle to be launched.
August 26 - Voyager 2
reached Saturn and began
transmitting images. 1983
April 4 - The second Space
Shuttle, Challenger, was
launched.
June 19 - Sally Ride
became the first American
woman in space on
Challenger’s second
mission.
August 30 - Guion Bluford
became the first African-
American in space. 1984
February 3 - Astronaut
Bruce McCandless
became the first man to
take an untethered space
walk.
August 30 - The third
Space Shuttle, Discovery,
was launched.
October - Kathryn Sullivan
became the first American
woman to walk in space. 1985
October 3 - Atlantis, the
fourth Space Shuttle, was
launched.1986
January 24 - Voyager 2
began transmitting images
from Uranus.
January 28 - The Space
Shuttle Challenger
exploded seconds after
liftoff.
February 20 - The core
section of the Space
Station Mir was launched. 1989
August - Voyager 2 began
transmitting images from
Neptune.1990
August 10 - The Magellan
spacecraft began mapping
the surface of Venus using
radar equipment.
August 24 - The Space
Shuttle Discovery deployed
the Hubble Space
Telescope. 1992
May 7 - The Space Shuttle
Endeavor was launched on
her maiden voyage.
September 12 - Mae
Jemison became the first
African-American woman
in space. 1993
December - The Space
Shuttle Endeavor made the
first servicing mission of
the Hubble Space
Telescope. 1994
February 3 - Sergei
Krikalev became the first
Russian cosmonaut to fly
on a Space Shuttle. 1995
February 2 - Eileen Collins
became the first female
Shuttle pilot.
December - The Galileo
probe began transmitting
data on Jupiter. 1997
July 4 - The Mars
Pathfinder arrived on Mars
and later began
transmitting images. 1998
October 29 - John Glenn
became the oldest man in
space.1999
July 23 - Eileen Collins
became the first female
Shuttle Commander. 2000
February 14 - The U.S.
Near Earth Asteroid
Rendezvous (NEAR)
spacecraft began
transmitting images of the
asteroid Eros. 2001
February 12 - NEAR
landed on the surface of
Eros.
April 28 - American Dennis
Tito became the first tourist
in space after paying the
Russian space program
$20,000,000. 2003
February 1 - The Space
Shuttle Columbia broke up
on re-entry into the Earth’s
atmosphere.
February 13 - An
investigative panel found
that superheated air almost
certainly seeped through a
breach in space shuttle
Columbia’s left wing and
possibly its wheel
compartment during the
craft’s fiery descent,
resulting in the deaths of
all seven astronauts.
August 25 - NASA
launched the largest-
diameter infrared telescope
ever in space, the Spitzer
Space Telescope.
September 21 - NASA’s
Galileo mission ended a
14-year exploration of the
solar system’s largest
planet and its moons with
the spacecraft crashing by
design into Jupiter at
108,000 mph.
2004
January 14 - President
Bush proposed a new
space program that would
send humans back to the
moon by 2015 and
establish a base to Mars
and beyond.
July 1 - The Cassini
spacecraft sent back
photographs of Saturn’s
shimmering rings.2005
July 3 - A NASA spacecraft
collided with a comet half
the size of Manhattan,
creating a brilliant cosmic
smashup designed to help
scientists study the
building blocks of life on
earth.
July 26 - Space Shuttle
Discovery was launched
with seven astronauts
aboard; this was America’s
first manned space shot
since the 2003 Columbia
disaster.2006
January 15 - NASA
spacecraft Stardust
returned safely to Earth in
a desert near Salt Lake
City with the first dust ever
collected from a comet.2007
August 4 - NASA launched
its Phoenix Mars Lander.
August 8 - Space Shuttle
Endeavour and a crew of
seven blasted off with
teacher-astronaut Barbara
Morgan aboard as a
crewmember. Morgan was
the first teacher in space
since the Challenger
disaster in 1986.2008
January 14 - The NASA
space probe Messenger
skimmed 124 miles above
Mercury.
May 25 - NASA’s Phoenix
Mars Lander landed safely
and began sending images
home after a 10-month,
422 million-mile journey.
Scientists later reported
that Phoenix discovered
chunks of ice.2009
March 6 - The NASA
spacecraft Kepler was
launched. Its mission is to
search for planets outside
our solar system, in a
distant area of the Milky
Way.
June 18 - NASA launched
the Lunar Crater
Observation and Sensing
Satellite, also known as
LCROSS. The mission is
to confirm the presence or
absence of ice on the
moon. On November 13,
2009, NASA scientists
announced the discovery
of a "significant amount" of
ice in a crater near the
moon’s South Pole. 2010
October 10 - Virgin
Galactic, a private
company, announced the
successful first manned
glide flight of the VSS
Enterprise. This vehicle is
a suborbital plane
designed to take private
citizens on suborbital
space flights.
October 11 - President
Barack Obama signed
legislation focusing
NASA’s efforts on
exploring Mars and the
asteroids.
December 8 - A private
company named SpaceX
launched a spacecraft into
orbit and returned it to
earth safely. It was the first
non-government
organization to accomplish
this. 2011
July 8 - The space shuttle
Atlantis became the last
American space shuttle to
be launched into space.
Mission STS-135 and its 4-
member crew brought
much-needed supplies and
equipment to the
International Space Station
(ISS).
July 16 - NASA's Dawn
spacecraft became the first
man made craft to orbit an
asteroid.
November 26 - NASA
launched Curiosity, the
biggest, best equipped
robot ever sent to explore
another planet. It will reach
Mars in 2012. 2012
May 22 - SpaceX, a
commercial space
company, launched its
Dragon C2+ mission to
resupply the International
Space Station (ISS).
August - NASA’s
Voyager 1 probe, launched
in 1977, entered interstellar
space.
August 6 - NASA's
Curiosity rover successfully
landed on Mars. As large
as a car, it carried an array
of advanced new
instruments and
experiments. 2013
September 7 - NASA
launched the unmanned
LADEE spacecraft from
NASA's Wallops Flight
Facility in Virginia. It was
the U.S. space agency's
third lunar probe in five
years.
December 24 - NASA
astronauts wrapped up
successful repairs at the
International Space Station
after a rare Christmas Eve
spacewalk to fix an equipment cooling system.