Earth-Moon-Sun RelationshipEarth-Moon-Sun Relationship

Earthshine Project, BBSO (http://www.bbso.njit.edu/espr/fig10.html

Earth-Moon-Sun Earth-Moon-Sun RelationshipRelationship

Sphere – a round, three-dimensional object Sphere – a round, three-dimensional object whose surface at all points is the same distance whose surface at all points is the same distance from its centerfrom its center

Axis – an imaginary line around which an object Axis – an imaginary line around which an object spinsspins

Earth-Moon-Sun Earth-Moon-Sun RelationshipRelationship

Rotation – the spinning of an object around its axisRotation – the spinning of an object around its axis

Revolution – the orbiting of one object around Revolution – the orbiting of one object around another, like Earth revolving around the sunanother, like Earth revolving around the sun

Ellipse – an elongated, closed curve; the shape of Ellipse – an elongated, closed curve; the shape of planetary orbitsplanetary orbits

Why do we have Seasons?Why do we have Seasons?They are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis, 23½They are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis, 23½00

Equinox – when the noon sun is directly overhead at Equinox – when the noon sun is directly overhead at the equator, equal hours of daylight and darknessthe equator, equal hours of daylight and darkness

Solstice – when the noon sun is directly overhead at Solstice – when the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23½either 23½00N (Tropic of Cancer) or 23½N (Tropic of Cancer) or 23½00S (Tropic S (Tropic of Capricorn) latitude, coincides with the 1of Capricorn) latitude, coincides with the 1stst day day of summer or winterof summer or winter

Great sites….Great sites…. http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/

geoanimations/animations/geoanimations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html 01_EarthSun_E2.html

http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/data/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/data/Seasons/seasons.html - seasonsSeasons/seasons.html - seasons

http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/physics/http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/physics/seasons/seasonsgraph.html -seasonsseasons/seasonsgraph.html -seasons

http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/earthview.php earthview.php - day and night - day and night

Path of the EclipticPath of the Ecliptic

http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/applist/seasons/cd190b.htm http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/applist/seasons/cd190b.htm

The apparent path of the Sun across the sky. In summer, the Sun's path is longest, and so are the days.In winter, the Sun's path is shortest, and so are the days.

The MoonThe Moon1.1. Earth’s only natural satellite Earth’s only natural satellite2.2. 384,000km away, 1/6384,000km away, 1/6thth the gravity of the gravity of

EarthEarth3.3. Noon temp. of 130Noon temp. of 13000C, night temp. of -C, night temp. of -

17517500CC4.4. Surface featuresSurface features

1.1. Dark, flat plains called mariasDark, flat plains called marias2.2. Bright areas called highlandsBright areas called highlands

The Moon (cont.)The Moon (cont.)

The period of rotation equals the period of The period of rotation equals the period of revolution around the Earthrevolution around the Earth

Apollo 11 put Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Apollo 11 put Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin on the moon on July 16Aldrin on the moon on July 16thth, 1969, 1969

The Moon (cont.)The Moon (cont.)

Lunar Eclipse – when Earth passes between the Lunar Eclipse – when Earth passes between the moon and the sunmoon and the sun

The Moon (cont.)The Moon (cont.)

Solar Eclipse – when the moon passes between Solar Eclipse – when the moon passes between Earth and the sunEarth and the sun

Earth-Moon Earth-Moon RevolutionsRevolutions

The earth and moon The earth and moon revolving around revolving around the barycenter. the barycenter. Notice how the Notice how the earth moves earth moves slightly. slightly.

TidesTides- Caused by moon’s gravitational pullCaused by moon’s gravitational pull- Spring Tide – the moon, Earth and sun alignSpring Tide – the moon, Earth and sun align- Neap Tide – when the moon, Earth and sun Neap Tide – when the moon, Earth and sun

form a right angleform a right angle

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Moon PhasesMoon PhasesChanges in appearance of the moon as it orbits Earth Changes in appearance of the moon as it orbits Earth

every 29½ daysevery 29½ days

New Moon – when the side facing Earth is totally New Moon – when the side facing Earth is totally darkdark

First Quarter Moon – when the right half of the moon First Quarter Moon – when the right half of the moon facing Earth is litfacing Earth is lit

Full Moon – when the side facing Earth is completely Full Moon – when the side facing Earth is completely litlit

Third Quarter Moon – when the left half of the moon Third Quarter Moon – when the left half of the moon facing Earth is litfacing Earth is lit

Why do we NOT have a Lunar Eclipse Why do we NOT have a Lunar Eclipse every month?every month?

Earth’s magnetic fieldEarth’s magnetic fieldBasically a ‘magnet’, Basically a ‘magnet’,

exerting a magnetic exerting a magnetic field surrounding the field surrounding the earth, which earth, which effectively extends effectively extends several tens of several tens of thousands of thousands of kilometers into kilometers into space, is called the space, is called the magnetospheremagnetosphere..

Earth’s Magnetic FieldEarth’s Magnetic Field

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egMagnetosphere protects us from the Solar Wind.Magnetosphere protects us from the Solar Wind.

What is Solar WindWhat is Solar Wind

A stream of energized, charged particles, A stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sunoutward from the Sun

Travels through the solar system at Travels through the solar system at speeds as high as 400-900 km/s (and at a speeds as high as 400-900 km/s (and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius).temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius).

Made of plasma. Made of plasma.

http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/astronomy/magnetic-field/earth.jpg

Extra Credit…. Extra Credit….

Go online and find:Go online and find:

The phase that the moon was on MY The phase that the moon was on MY birthday – May 1birthday – May 1stst..

The phase of the moon on YOUR birthdayThe phase of the moon on YOUR birthday

The month and year of the next The month and year of the next

BLUE MOONBLUE MOON