論叢117 t 道家...6 道家弘一郎 A Reading of Paradise Lost As his lifework, Milton tried to...
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Transcript of 論叢117 t 道家...6 道家弘一郎 A Reading of Paradise Lost As his lifework, Milton tried to...
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A Reading of Paradise Lost
As his lifework, Milton tried to write a great work expressing Christian truth with the highest beauty attainable in poetry, which he realized in Paradise Lost. Therefore, Paradise Lost represents the whole world as is portrayed in the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, that is the world of whole time and space. Consequently, the work can only be considered an epic. Unlike the Bible, Paradise Lost begins in medias res with a scene of hell, maintaining epic decorum, although creation is one of its main themes. Paradise Lost consists of twelve books, of which the first half discusses the world before the birth of man, and presents the situation where Adam and Eve are to be placed. The first chapter of the paper is entitled “the magnetic field of super-natural powers,” in which Good and Evil strive against each other over human beings. Satan is the most important hero, whose relation with other fallen angels is an analogy of the human society. Abdiel should be noticed as an exemplary type of Adam. “Pride” is the cause of rebellion both for the fallen angels and human beings, whereas “thunder” is the voice of judgment and the weapon of banishment. The war in heaven during three days represents all types of battles experienced in human history. The invention of the cannon leads to the destruction of the natural environment. Two chapters will be published in the following issues. The theme of the second chapter is God’s love and justice. In the third chapter, human relations are discussed.
132
8
‘key-them
e ’
22
nature
birth
dissolution
9
The A
rgum ent
T
he A rgu-
m ent
1 5
9 26 7 10 12
15 11
1 12 22 23
15 23
6
17
‘O
f M an. . . .to m
en ’
M
an
M
an
M
an
10
G
od
M
an
M
use
6 Spirit
17
A
byss, dark, Illum ine, low
, raise,
support, highth, great, Eternal
25 Providence
provide
provision
‘A
nd justify the w ays of G
od to m en
26
in m
edias res
11
chronological order
577 615 the Ex-
altation
12
A dam
U nparadised
667
A
dam U
nparadised
H
ugo G rotius, 1583
xul
13
Lesedram
a
24
633 644
14
Providence
647
76 77
15
73
character
archetype
A
dam us E
dam U
nparadised
17 111
Lesedram
a
16
93
the best and m
ost accom plished kind of Poetry
64 65 The Prose W
orks of Sir
13 14
29 31
31 33
‘to be w
eak is m iserable,/D
oing or suffering. . . . ’
157 158 doing
suffering
suffer ‘4. T
o be the object
of an action, be acted upon, be passive. N ow
rare. ’
doing
suffering
the Suffering Servant
John
M . Steadm
enaissance H ero, p. vii
races and gam
blazoned shields,
B ases and tinsel trappings, gorgeous knights
A t joust and tournam
ent. . . .
IX
. 33
37
race
gam
e
tilting furniture
em blazoned shield
im press qaint
caparison
tinsel trapping
joust
tournam ent
‘m
arshalled feast/Served up in hall w ith sew
ers and seneshals ’
19
38
epic sim
ile
573 587
all w
Jousted in A spram
ont, or M ontalban,
rebisond,
B y Fontarabbia. . . .
587.
‘a solem
n gam e ’
388 396 T
.S. Eliot,
20
epic decorum
dissolve
21
571 576
404 413 m
onism
psyche
a
nephesh
psyche
psyche
pneum
a
psyche
×som a
pneum
a
sarx
22
that
fixed m ind, I. 97
high disdain, I. 98
106
108
193
sense of in-
jured m erit, 1. 98
58
‘Pride ’
pride
Pride
809
23
527
disobedience
obedience
obedire
Filial obedience, III. 269
he attends the w
ill/O f
271
‘attend ’
cf. O
ED 1. 1.
W
A ll is not lost; the unconquerable w
ill,
m ortal hate,
it or yield. . . .
108.
37
H
elen G ardner, A
61
25
19
the unconqerable w
ill, 1. 106
courage never to subm it or yield, 1. 108
D
ouglas B ush, Paradise Lost in O
ur Tim e, p. 70
Pope, ‘Im
itations of H or-
203 216 227 265
374 390 391 321 341
26
476
168 172 315 320
Satan
603 608
609 615
V
. 616
617.
appearance
reality
pride
665
671
doctrinal and exem
plary
28
The Critical H
eritage, p. 223
574 341
546 547
29
The Critical H
eritage, p. 224
added
78
30
71
79
‘suspen-
sion of disbelief ’
Coleridge, B
iographia Literaria, Ch. 14
673 693
32
694 704
704 706
689 726
14 6 1
the lordly m
onarch of the north
773
33
782
608 782 790
600
‘Equally
free ’
equal ’
l. 797
‘Shalt
thou give law to G
od? ’ V . 822
41
42 arbitrariness
‘by experience ’ V
. 826
… … ‘T
hyself... dost thou count.../ Equal to him , begotten Son? ’ V
. 833
835
835 837
‘Lord ’, V
. 608
34
rent ’, V . 609
‘H
im w
ho disobeys/ M e disobeys. . . ./ Cast out from
G od and blessed vision, falls/ Into utter darkness, deep engulfed. . . . ’ V
. 611
614
842 845
845 848
853 863
35
the Sovran V
oice, V I. 56
29 35
37 41
93 96
‘G
od and N ature bid the sam
e, ’ V I. 176.
36
189 198
262 353
45 46
424 431
593 597
37
49
669 670
perpetual fight, V
I. 693
671 678
699
705 709
475
38
W
ar Specials
M
arjorie H ope N
ilton, pp. 259
781 784 Pow
er D ivine,
V I. 780
gratia perficit naturam
426
39
hope conceiving from
des-
ell?
V
I. 788.
789 799
thunder
thun-
der
alm
ighty arm s, V
bow
and thunder
/
764
in his right hand/ G
rasping ten thousand thunders, V I. 835
836
40
he... checked/ H
is thun-
I. 853
854
thunder
→three-bolted thunder
three-bolted thunder
41
59
13 14
‘T
he Lord also thundered in the heavens, and the H ighest gave his voice; hail stones and coals of fire.
Y ea, he sent out his arrow
s, and scattered them ; and he shot out lightnings, and discom
fited them . ’
…
27 30 ‘T
he people. . . .said that it thundered. ’
in m
edias res
42
659 660
49 51
58 60
690 262 353
43
506 628
373 385
363
44
566 568
A Reading of Paradise Lost
As his lifework, Milton tried to write a great work expressing Christian truth with the highest beauty attainable in poetry, which he realized in Paradise Lost. Therefore, Paradise Lost represents the whole world as is portrayed in the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, that is the world of whole time and space. Consequently, the work can only be considered an epic. Unlike the Bible, Paradise Lost begins in medias res with a scene of hell, maintaining epic decorum, although creation is one of its main themes. Paradise Lost consists of twelve books, of which the first half discusses the world before the birth of man, and presents the situation where Adam and Eve are to be placed. The first chapter of the paper is entitled “the magnetic field of super-natural powers,” in which Good and Evil strive against each other over human beings. Satan is the most important hero, whose relation with other fallen angels is an analogy of the human society. Abdiel should be noticed as an exemplary type of Adam. “Pride” is the cause of rebellion both for the fallen angels and human beings, whereas “thunder” is the voice of judgment and the weapon of banishment. The war in heaven during three days represents all types of battles experienced in human history. The invention of the cannon leads to the destruction of the natural environment. Two chapters will be published in the following issues. The theme of the second chapter is God’s love and justice. In the third chapter, human relations are discussed.
132
8
‘key-them
e ’
22
nature
birth
dissolution
9
The A
rgum ent
T
he A rgu-
m ent
1 5
9 26 7 10 12
15 11
1 12 22 23
15 23
6
17
‘O
f M an. . . .to m
en ’
M
an
M
an
M
an
10
G
od
M
an
M
use
6 Spirit
17
A
byss, dark, Illum ine, low
, raise,
support, highth, great, Eternal
25 Providence
provide
provision
‘A
nd justify the w ays of G
od to m en
26
in m
edias res
11
chronological order
577 615 the Ex-
altation
12
A dam
U nparadised
667
A
dam U
nparadised
H
ugo G rotius, 1583
xul
13
Lesedram
a
24
633 644
14
Providence
647
76 77
15
73
character
archetype
A
dam us E
dam U
nparadised
17 111
Lesedram
a
16
93
the best and m
ost accom plished kind of Poetry
64 65 The Prose W
orks of Sir
13 14
29 31
31 33
‘to be w
eak is m iserable,/D
oing or suffering. . . . ’
157 158 doing
suffering
suffer ‘4. T
o be the object
of an action, be acted upon, be passive. N ow
rare. ’
doing
suffering
the Suffering Servant
John
M . Steadm
enaissance H ero, p. vii
races and gam
blazoned shields,
B ases and tinsel trappings, gorgeous knights
A t joust and tournam
ent. . . .
IX
. 33
37
race
gam
e
tilting furniture
em blazoned shield
im press qaint
caparison
tinsel trapping
joust
tournam ent
‘m
arshalled feast/Served up in hall w ith sew
ers and seneshals ’
19
38
epic sim
ile
573 587
all w
Jousted in A spram
ont, or M ontalban,
rebisond,
B y Fontarabbia. . . .
587.
‘a solem
n gam e ’
388 396 T
.S. Eliot,
20
epic decorum
dissolve
21
571 576
404 413 m
onism
psyche
a
nephesh
psyche
psyche
pneum
a
psyche
×som a
pneum
a
sarx
22
that
fixed m ind, I. 97
high disdain, I. 98
106
108
193
sense of in-
jured m erit, 1. 98
58
‘Pride ’
pride
Pride
809
23
527
disobedience
obedience
obedire
Filial obedience, III. 269
he attends the w
ill/O f
271
‘attend ’
cf. O
ED 1. 1.
W
A ll is not lost; the unconquerable w
ill,
m ortal hate,
it or yield. . . .
108.
37
H
elen G ardner, A
61
25
19
the unconqerable w
ill, 1. 106
courage never to subm it or yield, 1. 108
D
ouglas B ush, Paradise Lost in O
ur Tim e, p. 70
Pope, ‘Im
itations of H or-
203 216 227 265
374 390 391 321 341
26
476
168 172 315 320
Satan
603 608
609 615
V
. 616
617.
appearance
reality
pride
665
671
doctrinal and exem
plary
28
The Critical H
eritage, p. 223
574 341
546 547
29
The Critical H
eritage, p. 224
added
78
30
71
79
‘suspen-
sion of disbelief ’
Coleridge, B
iographia Literaria, Ch. 14
673 693
32
694 704
704 706
689 726
14 6 1
the lordly m
onarch of the north
773
33
782
608 782 790
600
‘Equally
free ’
equal ’
l. 797
‘Shalt
thou give law to G
od? ’ V . 822
41
42 arbitrariness
‘by experience ’ V
. 826
… … ‘T
hyself... dost thou count.../ Equal to him , begotten Son? ’ V
. 833
835
835 837
‘Lord ’, V
. 608
34
rent ’, V . 609
‘H
im w
ho disobeys/ M e disobeys. . . ./ Cast out from
G od and blessed vision, falls/ Into utter darkness, deep engulfed. . . . ’ V
. 611
614
842 845
845 848
853 863
35
the Sovran V
oice, V I. 56
29 35
37 41
93 96
‘G
od and N ature bid the sam
e, ’ V I. 176.
36
189 198
262 353
45 46
424 431
593 597
37
49
669 670
perpetual fight, V
I. 693
671 678
699
705 709
475
38
W
ar Specials
M
arjorie H ope N
ilton, pp. 259
781 784 Pow
er D ivine,
V I. 780
gratia perficit naturam
426
39
hope conceiving from
des-
ell?
V
I. 788.
789 799
thunder
thun-
der
alm
ighty arm s, V
bow
and thunder
/
764
in his right hand/ G
rasping ten thousand thunders, V I. 835
836
40
he... checked/ H
is thun-
I. 853
854
thunder
→three-bolted thunder
three-bolted thunder
41
59
13 14
‘T
he Lord also thundered in the heavens, and the H ighest gave his voice; hail stones and coals of fire.
Y ea, he sent out his arrow
s, and scattered them ; and he shot out lightnings, and discom
fited them . ’
…
27 30 ‘T
he people. . . .said that it thundered. ’
in m
edias res
42
659 660
49 51
58 60
690 262 353
43
506 628
373 385
363
44
566 568