特殊钢的性能

Performance in special steels

开式模锻件Open-die forgings 法兰锻件，环形锻件，盘形锻件 Flanges, rings, discs 冷轧辊 Cold rolls

2

电弧炉

Arc furnace

先进的现代化炼钢工艺，为优质锻制产品提供了基础。

A modern and highly qualified steel-making process provides the basis for high-quality forged products.

Forged products in various sizes and shapes are produced at the BGH Edelstahl plants in Siegen and Lippendorf.

Based on a more than 500 years lasting tradition, Open-die forging is one of the main activities of our group.

Ingots of our own steel production are forged using most modern hydraulic presses. The sources for this uniquely wide range of alloys are two steel plants with high- performance electric arc furnaces, capable to melt heats from 43 MT.

Metallurgical refining takes place using ladle furnaces and vacuum systems or by the AOD or VOD processes. Materials of highest purities are melted in a 7.5 MT vacuum induction furnace (VIM) at the BGH Lippendorf plant. Additionally there are remelting devices (ESR, PESR) available.

The forged products described in this brochure can be supplied in the following steel and application classes:

l High grade structural steelsl Nitriding steelsl High temperature steelsl Wear-resistant steelsl Low temperature steelsl Roller bearing steelsl Corrosion-resistant steels l Duplex/Superduplexl Non-magnetic steelsl Tool steelsl Nickel base alloysl Steels to customer specifications

制造球形产品所需的预冲孔锻造流程

Prepierced forging for the manufacture of a spherical form

本手册所述的锻制产品，按以下钢材和应

用类别供应：

l 高等级结构钢

l 渗氮钢

l 高温钢

l 耐磨钢

l 低温钢

l 滚柱轴承钢

l 耐腐蚀钢 l 双联钢/超双联钢

l 无磁性钢

l 工具钢

l 镍基合金钢

l 按客户规范定制的钢材

BGH Edelstahlwerke集团属下的Siegen厂和

Lippendorf厂，生产各种尺寸和形状的锻制

产品。

拥有500多年的悠久传统，开式模锻造是

本集团的主要业务之一。

本集团自己生产的钢锭，是用最现代化的

液压机锻造的。 生产这一独特的合金产

品系列的两间钢厂，拥有高性能电弧炉，

其炉容量最低为43公吨。

本厂使用钢包炉和真空系统或AOD或VOD炉

进行冶金精炼。BGH Lippendorf厂的7.5公吨真空感应电炉（VIM）可熔炼得到更高

纯度的材料。此外，BGH也可使用更好的

重熔设备 -- 电渣重熔（ESR），或加压

保护气体电渣重熔（PESR）。

3

RF 45型锻压机

RF 45 long forging machine

开式模锻压机

Open-die press

开式模锻件

Open-die forgings

利用我们的锻制设备，一台40 MN开式模

锻压机和一台纵向锻压机，我们能够：

l 使用单重高达50公吨（110200磅）的

锭料

l 制造锻件重量高达40公吨（88200磅）

的零件

l 供应通过拉伸成型锻造的直径从

130mm（约5英寸）至1300mm的锻件 l 可生产内径从90mm（约3.5英寸）至

900mm（约35英寸）、单件毛重高达

30公吨（66100磅）的空心锻件

l 生产长度为18米、单重为8吨的长型锻

制产品

除了成型之外，开式模锻造流程还要转变

铸件显微结构、闭合和接合空洞缺陷，从

而提高产品质量。

我们与钢厂密切合作，选择最合适的锭料

尺寸，制造的优质锻件能满足机械工程、

化工厂建筑、电厂及造船厂等领域的苛刻

要求。

BGH可按需提供粗机加工或精整机加工的

锻件。

In addition to the shaping, open-die

forging has the task to improve quality

by converting the cast microstructure and

by closing and bonding hollow voids.

Selecting the most suitable ingot size in close

cooperation with the steel plant, high quality

forgings for demanding applicants such as

mechanical engineering, chemical plant

construction, power plants and shipyards are

manufactured.

On request, BGH supplies pre-machined or

the finished machined forgings.

With our forging devices, a 40 MN open

die Forging press and a longitudinal forging

machine we are capable of:

l using ingots up to 50 MT (110200 lbs)

individual weight

l manufacturing parts with up to 40 MT

(88200 lbs) forged weight

l supplying forgings with diameters

between 130mm of (5") up to 1300mm by

stretch forming

l producing hollow forgings with an

internal diameter of 90mm

(approx. 3,5") to 900 mm (approx 35")

and with an individual rough weight up

to 30 MT (66100 lbs).

l long forging products up to a length of

18m and 8t single weight.

4

开式模锻件的应用领域

Areas of application for open-die forgings

叶片轴颈

Vane trunnions

我们的锻造产品能满足不同的工业领域的

应用需要。极高、稳定的质量水平及低成

本，是达到快捷生产效率的必需前提。

Our forged products satisfy applications in many different industrial sectors. Best and consistent quality levels as well as low production costs are required at high schedule effectiveness.

用于电厂的连接管

Connecting tube used for power plants阀体

Valve body空锻管

Tube hollow forged

钻孔管

镗孔 20 - 1000毫米

一次性深钻孔

长度 16000毫米

中空锻管

镗孔 内径 > 90 - 900毫米

锻件重量 最大35吨

Tubes drilled

Boring 0,8" - 39,4" Ø

deep hole drilled

Length 52,5' in one step

Tubes hollow forgedBoring ID > 3,55" - 35,4" Ø

Forging max. 77160 lbs

weight

化工和食品行业 混合轴，厚壁管

Chemical and food industries mixing shafts, thick-walled pipes

电站工程及设备制造 电厂使用的T型件，球形锻件，连接件；连接

连接装置，卧式支脚

Power station engineering and T-pieces, spherical forgings, connecting piece

Plant manufacturing used for power plants, connecting fittings,

horizontal props

安装工程及泵壳 泵套，圆盘，衬套，水泵轴，中轴

Fitting engineering and pump housings pump blocks, discs, linings, pump shafts,

middle shafts

各类机械工程 驱动轴，压缩机轴，电动机轴，传动轴，

卷链轴段，滚筒，方钻杆，法兰轴，锭子

Mechanical engineering of every type rolls, compressor shafts, motor shafts,

drive shafts, winding shaft segments, rollers,

square shafts, flange shafts, spindles

造船厂和近海工程 螺旋桨轴，导缆器，连杆，鳍轴，舵轴

Shipyards and offshore propeller shafts, fairleads, con-rods,

fin shafts, rudder shafts

管件生产商 心轴棒，钻杆

Pipe producers mandrel bars, piercing rods

压力机建造 张力杆，螺帽，汽缸，活塞

Press construction tension rods, nuts, cylinders, pistons

5

我们为无缝管的著名制造商供货，心轴棒

是用高等级合金钢制造的，总长可达18米，

无缝管的直径可拉拔致500mm。心轴棒可

按需求进行粗机加工或精机加工，包括镀

铬处理和螺纹磷化处理。

Our mandrel bars of high alloyed steel grades up to a total length of approx. 18m are delivered by us to renowned manufactures of solid drawn tubes up to a diameter of 500mm. The mandrel bars are pre-, or finished machined, on demand including chroming and thread phosphating.

心轴棒

Mandrel bars

使用BGH锻件制造的船舶螺旋桨轴

Ship propeller shaft manufactured using BGH-forgings

带有安装螺帽的张力杆

Tension rod with installed nuts

6

环形锻件，盘形锻件以及 ...Rings, discs and ...

BGH Lippendorf专门锻造重量高达8公吨

（17500磅）的锻件。

我们也可以供应波纹轴或法兰轴的现成

品。锻造环形部件已成为BGH Lippendorf的一项专长。

这些零部件包括：

l 开式模无缝环形锻件及衬套

l 锻制的汽缸

l 波纹锻制衬套

l 壳体，圆形坯料

这些产品可以按“锻制表面”或“精制表

面”机加工的要求供应。

BGH Lippendorf has specialised in forging parts up to 8 MT (17500 lbs) in weight.

Crimped or flange shafts can also be supplied ready finished. A particular speciality of BGH Lippendorf has become components of circular shapes.

These parts include:

l open-die seamless forged rings and liningsl forged cylindersl crimped forged linings l casings, circular blanks

These products can be supplied both, “as forged“ or “finish“ machined.

环形锻件和盘形锻件产品系列

最大直径 最大重量

环形锻件 1600mm (约 5’) 4 公吨 (8820磅)

盘形锻件 1600mm (约 6’ 3“) 4,5 公吨 (9920磅)

阶梯轴 630mm (约 25“)

法兰轴 1000mm (约 39“) 按最大长度1400mm

如果产品尺寸不同于上述尺寸，应根据钢材的功用来确定这些尺寸。

Production range of rings and discs max. diameter max. weight

Rings 1600mm (app. 5") 4 MT (8820 lbs)

Discs 1600mm (app. 6' 3") 4,5 MT (9920 lbs)

Stepped shafts 630mm (app. 25")

Flange shafts 1000mm (app. 39") by a max. length of

1400 mm (4' 7")

If sizes are different to those shown above, dimensions have to be checked

in function of steel grade.

7

过去多年来，我们一直对法兰锻件生产

进行现代化和扩展。这让BGH能够以低

成本生产高质量的法兰坯料。我们的优势

在于能生产各种大截面的较大环形锻件。

使用我们的现代化热处理设备（特别是用

于大型锻件退火），我们能够确保材料质

量达到最优水平。我们能够对所有的普通

碳钢、防锈、耐酸和耐热等级的钢材、双

联钢材及镍基合金进行机加工。

Flange production has been continuously modernized and extended over the last years. This enables BGH to produce high quality flange blanks economically. Our strength lies in the production of larger rings respectively of such with large cross sections. Using our modern heat treatment facilities, especially for annealing large pieces, we are able to ensure optimum materials quality. We machine all common C-steels, rust, acid and heatresistant grades, Duplex materials, and nickel base alloys.

法兰锻件生产系列

大外径

闪光对焊环形锻件 6000mm (约 20')

最大截面

可焊接奥氏体钢 17000mm2 (26平方吋)

可焊接结构钢 60000mm2 (92平方吋)

法兰最大高度 370mm (约 15")

法兰最大宽度 550mm (约 22")

最大重量 7公吨 (15435磅)

Production range of flanges large external diameter

flash-butt welded rings 6000mm (app. 20')

largest cross-section

weldable austenit 17000mm2 (26 sq. in.)

weldable structural steel 60000mm2 (92 sq. in.)

max. flange height 370mm (app. 15")

max. flange width 550mm (app. 22")

max. weight 7 MT (15435 lbs)

... 法兰锻件

... Flanges

8

锻铸件的机加工

Machining of forged castings

即使是需要复杂内外机加工的、不同形状

的空心锻开式模锻件，如，由客户指定轮

廓的筛铸件、球形铸件或管件，我们也能

加工。

钻孔

使用我们的深孔钻床，我们能够在一次操

作中连续钻出直径为20至1000mm（约 0.75"至 39.4 "）、长度最大为

16000mm（约52.5'）的孔。我们的工具

车间，能在最短时间内，根据客户要求加

工异形轮廓形状，如，凹顶端孔以及孔过

渡的斜度和圆角的加工。

Even hollow forged open-die pieces with complex internal and external machining of different contoured shapes – such as sieve castings, spherical castings or pipes with customer specified contours are no problem for us.

DrillingUsing our deep-hole drilling machines, we are able to drill between 20 and 1000mm (app. 3/4" and 39,4") diameter and with lengths up to 16000mm (52,5') continuously in one operation. Our own tool shop we react in shortest possible time to customer's requirements for unusual contour shapes, e.g. inclines and radii in pocket hole drilling or in drill hole transitions.

空心锻锻件

Hollow-forged forgings

我们的机加工车间，具有很大的灵活性，

这能让我们完成差异性很大的机加工任

务，甚至能完成极限尺寸材料的机加工。

Our flexibly established mechanical workshop enables us to execute the most different machinings, even that one of extreme dimensions.

车

我们能够对长度最大为18000mm（约59英寸）的细长零件进行机加工，如螺旋

桨轴，张力杆，连杆，心轴棒，等等。

TurningWe are able to machine long and slender pieces up to 18000mm (app. 59') in length (e.g. propeller shafts, tension rods, conrods, mandrel bars).

CNC长料车床

CNC long turning machine

9

Complex ready-for-fit machined parts, including feather key grooves, flattenings, thread drilling etc. can be fabricated using inclined bed turning machines with driven tools completely in one working cycle, in consequence we achieve very low production times – this means high schedule effectiveness.

铣

使用我们的CNC钻床和铣床，我们能加

工尺寸在4000mm至9000mm（约13' 至 29.5'）之间、最重为40公吨（88185磅）的零件。

这些机器可以在多达6轴（X、Y、Z、W、

V和B）控制下工作，以便按客户要求加

工极难的轮廓。

孔珩磨

我们的磨孔机，可以加工50mm至510 mm（2"至20"）之间的镗孔。有些零件

的孔具有高尺寸精度和低表面粗糙度。

孔珩磨是用来对这些零件进行精加工的一

项工艺。(例如汽缸)

MillingWith our CNC-drilling and milling ma-chines we fabricate pieces of sizes between 4000mm and 9000 mm (app. 13' to 29,5') and up to 40 MT (88185 lbs).

The machines are controlled in up to 6 axes (X, Y, Z, W, V+B), and can also fabricate extremely difficult contours to customer’s requirements.

HoningOur honing machines cover a machining range for bores between 50mm and 510 mm (2" and 20").

Honing is a process used for machining bores of high dimensional accuracy and low surface roughness (example: cylinders).

CNC倾斜面板车床 CNC inclined bed turning lathe

T型件的机加工

Machining a T-piece

复杂的可即装（ready-for-fit）的机加工零

件，包括导向键槽、锻平件和螺纹钻件等

等，均可使用倾斜面板车床及驱动工具，完

全在一个工作循环内进行加工。因此，我们

的生产时间很短 － 这能提高生产效率。

10

几十年的钢材生产与加工经验，是我们提

供特殊服务的基础。BGH集团生产顶级质

量的锻制冷轧辊件，并能精确地匹配预定

应用进行生产。现代化的生产车间和系统

性的流程监控，保证了高水平的质量。

Decades of experiences in the area of steel production and processing are the basis of our special services. The BGH group produces forged cold-rolls of top-quality, which are produced in order to match the intended application precisely. Modern production shops and systematic monitoring of the process guarantee a high quality level.

冷轧辊

Cold rolls

冷轧辊产品系列

BGH集团产品系列包括：用于冷轧钢材、铝材及非铁质金属的

锻制和硬化加工辊、中间辊以及逆转轧制辊。适用于二辊、四

辊、六辊和多辊龙门工作台中，外加传送带处理设施中的矫直

辊、偏转滑轮和偏转辊。

我们提供以下尺寸的BGH冷轧辊：

冷轧辊直径 最高800mm (约 35")

总长度 最高4800mm (约 17')

冷轧辊长度 最高3200mm (约 11')

单重 最高10.5公吨 (23000 磅)

The cold rolls product range The BGH group production range includes forged and hardened working, intermediate and backing rolls for rolling steel, aluminium and non-ferrous metals, to be used in duo, quattro, sexto and multi-roller gantries, plus straightening rollers, deflector pulleys and rolls for conveyorbelt treatment installations.

We supply BGH cold rolls in the following dimensions:

Roll barrel diameters up to 800mm (app. 35")

Total length up to 4800mm (app. 17")

Roll barrel length up to 3200mm (app. 11")

individual weight up to 10.5 MT (23000 lbs)

11

我们能按需提供轴端硬化的、配有调整垫

片、网式密封或内轴承环的BGH冷轧辊。

我们可以根据客户的预期用途，从以下钢

材等级中选择产品：

l 等级1.2327、铬含量为2%及等级

1.2375、铬含量为3%的铬钢冷轧辊，

添加了钼和钒，具有硬质和耐磨表

面，并有高韧性。

l 或等级1.2362、1.2631（改进型）的

铬含量为5%（良好回火等级）及铬含

量7%的铬钢冷轧辊，可以满足对难以

轧制材料有严格要求的客户需要。

当然，我们还能按客户需求提供以下等

级：

l 1.2379 (D2)、1.2344、1.2436 (D6) 、1.3343 (M2)、1.3207 (M48)等级冷

轧辊。

我们仅使用真空脱气的电解钢，因此所用

钢材等级的纯度是极高的。如果客户要求

极高，我们就使用经过电渣重熔（ESR）精炼的钢材，这能使产品具有极高的抗疲

劳性和韧性，使表面质量得到保障（纯度

百分率），这种效果是使用普通熔炼钢材

所不能达到的。

此外，我们还提供：

l 二次硫化的工作和逆转冷轧辊

l 大修及返工的冷轧辊

On demand, BGH cold rolls can be supplied with hardened axle ends and with fitted shims, labyrinth or inner bearing rings. In function of the intended using, we can select from the following steel grades:

l 1.2327 as 2% and 1.2375 as 3% chromium steels with additions of Mo and V for rolls with hard and abrasion-resistant surfaces and high toughness

l or classes 1.2362, 1.2631 (modified) as 5% for good temperable grades and 7,5% chromium for increased requirements concerning materials difficult to reduce.

Of course, we also supply grades such as:

l 1.2379 (D2), 1.2344, 1.2436 (D6), 1.3343 (M2), 1.3207 (M48) on customer's demand.

The purity of the used steel grades is excellent, as only vacuum-degassed electrosteels with highest possible purity are used. In case of particularly high requirements, we use steel remelted with electroslag (ESR), which enables the very highest fatigue resistance and toughness and guarantees a surface quality (percentage purity), which cannot be achieved by the use of normal melted steel.

In addition we offer:

l postcuring of working and backing rollsl reworking and overhauling of rolls

12

冷轧钢的热处理

Heat treatment of cold rolls

正确的热处理工艺，是保证冷轧件性能的

决定性因素。我们拥有现代化的热处理设

备，能达到客户要求的最适合的表面硬度

和硬化层深度。

The correct heat treatment is decisive in the performance of a cold roll. We have modern heat treatment plants available, with which we can achieve any optimally adapted surface hardness and hardness penetration depth required by the customer.

铣床

Milling machine个体磨削

我们使用新型高性能磨床，专门进行很均

匀的精磨，我们时刻牢记客户的个体要求

是最重要的。一般情况下，我们供应轴端

已磨削的粗磨的冷轧锭。适宜的包装当然

是交货的一部分。

Individual grindingWe concentrate on well-balanced finish-grinding on our new high-performance grinding machines, and we never forget that customer's individual requirements are primary. Normally, we supply rolls with ready-ground axle ends and pre-ground barrels. Suitable packing is, of course, part of our delivery.

13

感应淬火

我们的ELPHIAC双频感应淬火机组，即使轧

辊出现故障，也能保证冷轧辊具有最佳微结

构，整个锭身长度上具有较大的碳化物固溶

量和较高的耐磨性和坚固性。这些轧辊具有

很好的、峰值很高的粗糙化性能，从而，可

以使用各种纹理加工方法，在高磨损的生产

中还具有高耐磨性。

另外，我们的淬火工艺保证了硬化层深度以

及较低的残余奥氏体含量。使用CNC机加工

设备，对轧制件进行机加工，这能保证很高

的准确度。

Inductive hardeningOur ELPHIAC double frequency induction hardening plant guarantees an optimum microstructure with a high carbide solution and high abrasion resistance over the entire barrel length and a robust behaviour of the rolls in the event of a roller breakdown. In addition the rolls have very good roughening properties with high peak numbers, which can be achieved by the use of various texturing processes, and a high abrasion resistance in case of production abrade.

Last but not least, our hardening process guarantees a hardness penetration depth with low residual austenitic content. Mechanical machining of the rolls takes place using CNC-machining plants, which enables a very high accuracy.

14

质量保证

Quality assurance

早在1970年代末期，BGH Edelstahl就开始

建立质量保证体系。1991年，我们成为首批

通过新标准ISO 9002质量管理体系认证

的钢材生产企业之一。我们荣获了世界著

名认证公司劳氏认证公司（Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance）的质量认证。

BGH集团第二家生产开式模锻件的BGH Edelstahl Lippendorf GmbH，于1994和1995年在之前的Leuna产地建立了合适的

质量管理体系，也在1996年获得了劳氏认

证公司的质量认证。此后，该体系每三年被

成功重新认证一次，从2001年起，该体系

变成了新的ISO标准2001-2000标准。我

们的集中控制式的、但针对每个工序的质量

管理体系，包括每家公司的生产前、生产中

和生产后的所有方面，以及全部质量检验。

我们的质量管理体系不断扩大和优

化。BGH集团属下的Siegen和Lippendorf公司，均得到了TüV、LRSS、GL、DNV、和BV等所有重要的国家级和国际认证公司的

认证。由于在钢材生产中使用了卓越的技

术－包括热处理和机械预加工和精加工，

我们能够满足客户对钢材产品性能的最高

要求。其中包括很高的分析精确性、最高

的冶金纯度、显微结构最佳调整和最高水

平的综合性的机械性能。我们的高素质员

工，拥有最现代化的检测试验室和设备，能

够胜任当前监督和检测所需的所有质量控

制活动。

Already in the late 70s, BGH Edelstahl has begun to install a quality assurance system. In 1991, we were one of the first steel producing companies, which had achieved a certification according to the new standard ISO 9002. We are certified by the world wide reputated society Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance.

The BGH Edelstahl Lippendorf GmbH, the second BGH company producing open-die forgings, set up and introduced an adequate QM system at its previous location in Leuna in 1994 and 1995, which was also certified by the LRQA in 1996. Since then the system has been successfully re-certified every three years, and from 2001, it will be to the new ISO standard 2001-2000. Our centrally controlled, but works-specific QM system includes all areas before, during and after production and the entire quality examinations for each company.

Our QM systems are continuously extended and optimized. The BGH companies at Siegen and Lippendorf are both approved by all important national and international classification companies such as TÜV, LRSS, GL, DNV, and BV. In addition, BGH Siegen is qualified according to Siemens KWU KTA

1401. There are also specific approvals by national and international reputated companies as well as successful results of audits. Thanks to our excellent technologies we use in steel production – including heat treatment and mechanical pre- and finish machining, we are able to meet even the highest requirements for the properties of our steel products. Part of this are high analytical accuracy, highest available metallurgical purity, optimum adjustment of microstructures, and combination of mechanical properties at highest level. Our highly-qualified staff has the most modern test laboratories and equipment available for carrying out all quality controls necessary for current surveillance and examinations.

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BGH Edelstahl Siegen GmbHPostfach 21016357025 SiegenIndustriestraße 957076 SiegenTelefon: 0271/701-0Telefax: 0271/701-364Internet: www.bgh.deeMail: info.siegen@bgh.de

BGH Edelstahlwerke GmbH集团的下属公司

A company of BGH Edelstahlwerke GmbH

联系我们How to find us

BGH Edelstahl Lippendorf GmbHHauptstraße 10004575 NeukieritzschOrtsteil LippendorfTelefon: 034342/67-0Telefax: 034342/67-230Internet: www.bgh.deeMail: info.lippendorf@bgh.de