DZ E E d b c a Flow Diagram 2x2 Table Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs,...
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Transcript of DZ E E d b c a Flow Diagram 2x2 Table Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs,...
DZ DZ
E
E
d
b
ca
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
&
“fit”
Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Healthy People
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Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
1How is this disease
distributed?Hypotheses
3Is the association
causal?
4What should be done
to prevent the disease?
5Did the prevention
strategy work?
Where are we and where are we going?
What’s my hypothesis?
2Is there
an association?
Did the exposure and the disease turn up
together?
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Controlled Trial+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Cohort Study+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Case-Control Study++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
E
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E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++
Cross-Sectional Study
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Review
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Controlled Trial
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Cross-Sectional Study
Healthy People
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Healthy People
E
Random Assignment
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Healthy People
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Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
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DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
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E
E
DZ
DZ
Review
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
d
b
ca
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
&
“fit”
Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Healthy People
-
Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
&
Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Ea
2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Flow Diagram
Controlled Trial
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Eb
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Controlled Trial
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Flow Diagram 2x2 TableFlow Diagram
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Controlled Trial
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
d
2x2 TableFlow Diagram
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Controlled Trial
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where are these people in the flow diagram?
Cohort Study
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Ea
2x2 Table
Where are these people in the flow diagram?
Flow Diagram
Cohort Study
Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Healthy People
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
d
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where are these people in the flow diagram?
Cohort Study
Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Healthy People
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Eb
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where are these people in the flow diagram?
Cohort Study
Healthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Healthy People
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Ea
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
2x2 Table Flow Diagram
Case-Control Study
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Flow Diagram2x2 Table
Case-Control Study
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Flow Diagram
DZ DZ
E
E b
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Case-Control Study
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Flow Diagram
DZ DZ
E
E
d
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Case-Control Study
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E aFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Cross-Sectional Study
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Cross-Sectional Study
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
d
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Cross-Sectional Study
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Eb
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people go in the
2x2 table?
Cross-Sectional Study
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
EFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
1.
a bc d
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Flow Diagram
2.
a bc d
Flow Diagram
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
2x2 Table Flow Diagram
3.
a bc d
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
EFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
4.
a bc d
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
5.
a bc d
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Flow Diagram
DZ DZ
E
E
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
6.
a bc d
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
EFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
7.
a bc d
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
8.
a bc d
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
Flow Diagram2x2 Table
9.
a bc d
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
EFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
10.
a bc d
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E aFlow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
1. (Answer)
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Ea
2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
Flow Diagram
2. (Answer)
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Ea
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
2x2 Table Flow Diagram
3. (Answer)
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Eb
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
4. (Answer)
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
Eb
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
5. (Answer)
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
Flow Diagram
DZ DZ
E
E b
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
6. (Answer)
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
7. (Answer)
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Flow Diagram 2x2 Table
Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?
8. (Answer)
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
E
E
DZ
DZ
DZ
DZ
Random Assignment
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
c
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
Flow Diagram2x2 Table
9. (Answer)
DZ
DZ
E
E
E
E
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
DZ DZ
E
E
d
Flow Diagram
2x2 Table
Where do these
people “fit” in the
2x2 table?
10. (Answer)
E
E
DZ
DZ
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables
CDC
Does this all make sense
to you?
There are four basic study designs for testing hypotheses.
Each design has a different plan for assessing exposure and disease.
The plan for each design can be understood by: 1) thinking of a train ride from exposure to disease, and 2) constructing a flow diagram.
Whatever the study design, the assessment of exposure and disease “fits” into a 2x2 table so that a sample’s exposure and disease can be classified, risks calculated, risks compared, and inferences made.
Making Sense
Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables