DUY THỨC HỌC
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Transcript of DUY THỨC HỌC
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DUY THC HC
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A. DUY THC HC NHP MN
Ngi THIN THN B Tt to lun
Ngi HUYN TRANG Php s dch ch Phn ra ch Hn
Sa mn THCH THIN HOA dch li ch Vit v lc gii.
LI NI U
Gio l ca Pht c n tm vn bn nghn (84.000) php mn, chia ra
lm mi tn, chung quy ch c hai loi: Php tnh v Php tng. Duy
thc tn thuc v Php tng. Nghin cu, phn tch, tm hiu Duy
thc tn gi l Duy thc hc. Mn hc ny l mt mn trit hc rt cao
siu v rng ri, nn t xa n nay khng bit bao nhiu hc gi
phi bp trn nn u v n.
Ci kh khn trong vic nghin cu Duy thc c nhiu nguyn nhn:
1. Rt nhiu danh t chuyn mn mi l m hc gi cha quen nghe.
2. Phn tch cc hnh tng v tm l cng nh vt cht rt nhiu v
qu t m, lm cho hc gi kh nh.
3. Sch v Duy thc qu nhiu, hc gi khng bit nn xem quyn no
trc, quyn no sau.
4. Nhng sch y phn nhiu l sch ch Hn, vn li qu c nn ngi
nay kh hc.
5. Phi c tu qun mi hiu r c Duy thc. V nhng nguyn nhn
trn, hc gi phn ng nh b l mt mn trit hc thm thy, cao
siu l Duy thc hc!
Mun nghin cu mn hc ny mt cch c hiu qu, cn phi c
phng php v ngi hng dn.
Chng ti cn nh, khi ang tng hc ti Pht hc ng Lng Xuyn
(Vnh Bnh), mt hm S c Tuyn Linh (L Khnh Ha) Gim c Pht
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hc ng Lng Xuyn a cho chng ti quyn i tha b php
minh mn lun v dy rng:
Duy thc l mt mn hc kh v cng. Vn chng kh, danh t li
nhiu v hnh tng Tm vng, Tm s cng rt phin phc. Ti
ba nm nghin cu b Thnh Duy thc lun, m nh ngi i vo rng
rm, khng tm c li ra. n nm inh Mo nh ban t chc trng
hng cha Long Khnh Quy Nhn mi ti lm Php S. Ti c
may mn gp Ha thng Thp Thp. Ti thut li s kh khn trong
vic nghin cu Thnh Duy thc ca ti. Ha thng Thp Thp nghe
xong, em biu ti quyn i tha b php minh mn lun chu ngn
v ni: Ti biu Ngi mt ci cha kha m kho Duy thc. Ngi
nghin cu Duy thc m trc khng c Lun ny, th cng
nh ngi g ni t ri m khng tm c mi. Vy Ngi nn c
quyn Lun ny cho k ri nghin cu Thnh Duy thc, Ngi s thy d
dng
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d hiu. Quyn Duy thc nhp mn ny, nh danh ca n nu
ln, s hng dn qu v c gi i vo ng ca ca ta nh Duy thc.
Qu c gi hy c v nh k quyn sch ny. V quyn sch ny ch
ni v gii thch v cc danh t chuyn mn ca Duy thc. Cng nh
ngi hc thuc, trc phi hc cc tn thuc v tnh dc; ri tip tc
c nhng quyn Duy thc hc tp I, II, III< (m Hng o xut
bn), th qu v s thy mnh ang bc dn mt cch d dng v th v
ln ta lu i rc r v s ca Duy thc.
Mong qu v s chng t c mc ch.
Bin ti Pht Hc ng Nam Vit
Mnh ng nm Mu Tut (1958)
Sa mn THCH THIN HOA
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BI TH NHT
I. LUN I THA TRM PHP
(Trch yu Bi ny nn hc thuc lng)
PHN TH NHT
CHNH VN
Hi: Nh li Pht dy: "Tt c cc php u v ng". Vy ci g l "Tt c
php" v sao gi l "v ng" ?
p: Tt c cc php tuy nhiu, nhng tm li c 100 php, chia lm 5
loi:
I. Tm php (C 8 mn)
II. Tm s hu php (C 51 mn)
III. Sc php (C 11 mn)
IV. Tm bt tng ng hnh php (C 24 mn)
V. V vi php (C 6 mn)
LC GII
I. TM PHP HOC GI L TM VNG C 8 MN
1. Nhn thc (ci bit ca mt)
2. Nh thc (ci bit ca tai)
3. T thc (ci bit ca mi)
4. Thit thc (ci bit ca li)
5. Thn thc (ci bit ca thn)
6. thc (ci bit ca )
7. Mt na thc (Thc th 7)
8. A li da thc (Thc th 8)
II. TM S HU PHP, GI TT L TM S, C 51 MN, PHN
LM 6 LOI:
1. Bin thnh, c nm: Xc, Tc , Th, Tng, T.
2. Bit cnh, c nm: Dc, Thng gii, Nim, nh, Hu.
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3. Thin, c mi mt: Tn, Tm, Qu, V tham, V sn, V si, Tinh
tn, Khinh an, Bt phng dt, Hnh x, Bt hi.
4. Cn bn phin no, c su: Tham, Sn, Si, Mn, nghi, c kin.
5. c kin li chia lm nm: Thn kin, Bin kin, T kin, KIn th,
Gii cm th.
6. Tu phin no, c 20 mn, chia lm ba loi:
a) Tiu tu, c 10: Phn, Hn, Ph, No, Tt, Xan, Cung, Sim,
Hi, Kiu.
Trung tu, c 2: V tm, V qu.
b) i tu, c 8: Tro c, Hn trn, Bt tn, Gii i, Phng dt,
Tht nim, Tn lon, Bt chnh tri.
7. Bt nh, c bn mn: Hi, Min, Tm, T.
III. SC PHP, C 11 MN:
Nm cn: Nhn cn, Nh cn, T cn, Thit cn v Thn cn.
Su trn: Sc trn, Thinh trn, Hng trn, V trn, Xc trn v Php
trn.
IV. TM BT TNG NG HNH PHP, GI TT L "BT
TNG NG HNH", C 24 MN:
c, Mng cn, Chng ng phn, Di sanh tnh, V tng nh, Dit
tn nh, V tng bo, Danh thn, C thn, Vn thn, Sanh, Tr, Lo,
V thng, Lu chuyn, nh d Tng ng. Th tc, Th , Thi,
Phng, S, Ha hip tnh, Bt ho hip tnh.
V. V VI PHP, C 6 MN:
H khng v vi, Trch dit v vi, Phi trch dit v vi, Bt ng dit v
vi, Tng th dit v vi, Chn nh v vi.
Nguyn vn ch Hn
Nht th ti thng c
D th tng ng c
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Nh s hin nh c
Tam v sai bit c
T s hin th c
Nh th t .
Dch ngha:
Th lp nh vy: Tm vng hn tt c. Tm vng cng Tm s hp
nhau. Do hai mn: Tm vng v Tm s, m hin ra nh tng l "sc
php". Do ba mn: Tm vng, Tm s v Sc php, m thnh ra 24
mn sai khc l "Bt tng ng hnh". Do bn mn: Tm vng, Tm
s, Bt tng ng hnh, u thuc v Php Hu vi, nn hin ra 6 Php
V vi.
LC GII
Tm li, ngoi nhn hi: "Ci g l tt c php ? i , Lun ch tr li:
Cc php tuy nhiu, nhng c lc ch c mt trm php, phn lm 5
loi:1. Tm vng c 8; 2. Tm s c 5; 3. Sc php c 11; 4. Bt tng
ng hnh c 24; 5. V vi php c 6. Trong 5 loi, li chia lm hai: Bn
loi trn thuc v Php Hu vi, loi th 5 thuc v php V vi.
Trn nguyn vn ni "tt c php" tc l php Hu vi v v vi vy. T
trc n y Lun ch tr li xong cu hi th nht: "Ci g l tt c
php".
V mun cho hc gi d nh, nn C nhn c lm bi k bn cu, tm li
100 php nh vy:
Sc php thp nht, tm php bt,
Ng thp nht c tm s php
Nh thp t chng bt tng ng,
Lc c V vi thnh b php.
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Dch ngha:
Sc php mi mt, Tm php tm,
Nm mi mt mn Tm s php,
Hai mi mt mn Bt tng ng,
Su mn V vi thnh trm php.
***
PHN TH HAI
Lun ch tr li cu hi th hai: "Sao gi l v ng?"
CHNH VN
Ni "v ng", lc c 2 mn:
1. Nhn v ng, 2. Php v ng.
LC GII
Chng sinh chp thn, tm ny tht l mnh (ta), nh th l "Nhn ng" ;
chp ni, sng, t, nc, tt c s vt bn ngoi l tht c, nh th l
"Php ng".
V "nhn" khng tht c v "Php" cng khng tht c, nn Pht gi
rng: "Tt c Php v ng"; tc l "Nhn khng tht" v "Php khng
tht" vy.
Nh th l Lun ch tr li xong cu hi th hai: "Th no l v
ng".
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BI TH HAI
2. LUN I THA TRM PHP (tip theo)
Nguyn vn ch Hn
Nh Th Tn ngn:
"Nht th php v ng".
H dng nht th php ?
Vn h vi v ng ?
Dch ngha:
Nh li c Th Tn ni:
"Tt c Php khng tht".
Vy, ci g l "tt c Php"?
V sao gi l "khng tht"?
LC GII
Ch "PHP" tc l tt c s vt t tinh thn ln vt cht, no Thnh
Phm chn vng, hu tnh v tnh, hu hnh v hnh, hu vi v vi,
v.v...u gi l Php.
Dch ng theo vn Tu: "Phm ci g, t n c th gi c hnh dng
hay khun kh ca n, lm cho ngi, khi trng n n, bit l vt g,
th gi l "Php" (Nhm tr t tnh, qu sanh vt gii).
Ch "NG" l Ta hay Ti. Phm ni "Ta" th phi hai iu kin: 1. T
ti hay t ch, 2. C th sp t sai khin mi vic. Nh th mi c
gi "Ta". Nhng ch "v ng" y, nn hiu ngha l "khng tht" th
r hn.
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***
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PHN TH NHT, NI 100 PHP
Nguyn vn ch Hn
Nht th php gi, lc hu ng chng:
Nht gi Tm php,
Nh gi Tm s hu php,
Tam gi Sc php,
T gi Tm bt tng ng hnh php,
Ng gi V vi php.
Dch ngha
Ni tt c Php c nm mn:
1. Tm php
2. Tm s hu php
3. Sc php
4. Tm bt tng ng hnh php
5. V vi php
LC GII
Ch "TM" c nhiu ngha, nhng tm li c 6 ngha:
1. Tp khi: Cha nhm v pht khi. Ngha ny thuc v thc th Tm
(Tng thc). V thc ny c cng nng "cha nhm" chng t ca cc
php, ri "pht khi" ra hin hnh.
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2. Tch tp: Cha nhm. Ngha ny thuc v by thc trc. V by thc
trc c cng nng "cha nhm" cc php hin hnh hun vo Tng
thc.
Tri li, By th`c trc cng c ngha "tp khi" (cha nhm v pht
khi), v by thc trc c cng nng "cha nhm" cc php hin hnh,
hun vo Tng thc, "khi thnh" chng t.
Thc th Tm cng c ngha "tch tp" (cha nhm), v thc th Tm c
cng nng "cha nhm" chng t ca cc php vy.
3. Duyn l: Duyn cnh, khi phn bit. Tm thc u t duyn ci
cnh tng phn ca mnh, ri khi ra phn bit (l).
4. Thc: Hiu bit phn bit. C tm thc u c cng dng hiu bit
phn bit.
5. :Sanh dit tng tc khng gin on. C tm thc u nim nim
sanh dit tng tc khng gin on.
6. Tm, v Thc: V y theo c tnh ca mi thc, th thc th Tm v
ngha"Tch tp" th thng, nn gi l"Tm"; thc th By v ngha"sanh
dit tng tc" th thng, nn gi l "" v su thc trc v ngha phn
bit th thng nn goi l:Thc".
Ch "TM PHp": Php thuc v Tm. V 8 mn Tm ny c cng nng
th thng hn ht; cng nh ng Vua c oai quyn th lc, thng tr
thin h, cho nn cng gi l "Tm vng".
***
NGI HC NN HC THUC LNG NHNG DANH T SAU
Y:
I. Ba cnh: a) Tnh cnh, b) c nh cnh, c) i cht cnh.
II. Ba lng: a) Hin lng, b) T lng, c) Phi lng.
III. Ba tnh: a) Thin tnh, b) c tnh, c) V k tnh.
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IV. Ba th: a) Kh th, b) Lc th, c) X th.
V.Nm th: a) Kh th, b) Lc th, c) u th, d) H th, ) X th.
VI. Tm c bn phn: a) Tng phn, b) Kin phn, c)T chng phn, d)
Chng t chng phn.
VII. 51 mn Tm s, phn lm 6 v:
a) Bin hnh, c 5
b) Bit cnh, c 5
c) Thin, c 11
d) Cn bn phin no, c 6
e)Tu phin no, c 20
g) Bt nh, c 4
a) Dc gii: 1. Ng th tp c a.
2. Ly, sanh h lc a.
3. nh, sanh h lc a.
VIII. Ba gii b) Sc gii: 4. Ly h, diu lc a.
v chn a 5. X nim thanh tnh a
6. Khng v bin x a
7. Thc v bin x a
c) V sc gii: 8.V s hu x a
9.Phi tng phi ph tng x a.
T lng vi:
1. Thp tr, 2. Thp hnh,
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3. Thp hi hng.
a) Hin: T gia hnh v:
1. Non, 2. nh, 3. Nhn,
4. Th nht.
IX. B tt
1. Hoan h a,
2. Ly cu a, c hai
3. Pht quang a,
4. Dim hu a,
5. Nan thng a,
6. Hin b) Thnh: tin a,
7. Vinhnh a,
8. Bt ng a,
9. Thin hu a,
10. Php vn a.
X. Tm thc v cc duyn:
Nhn thc, c 9 duyn: 1. H khng, 2. nh sng, 3. Cn, 4. Cnh, 5. Tc
, 6. Phn bit y, 7. Nhim tnh y, 8. Cn bn y, 9. Chng t.
Nh thc, c 8 duyn: Cc duyn cng ng nh Nhn thc trn, ch tr
" nh sng".
Ba thc: T, Thit v Thn, li cn c 7 duyn: Cc duyn ng nh
Nhn thc trn, ch bt 2 duyn l H khng v nh sng.
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thc,c 5 duyn: 1. Cn, 2. Cnh, 3. Tc , 4. Cn bn y, 5. Chng t.
Mt na thc, c 3 duyn: 1. Cn cnh, 2. Tc , 3. Chng t.
A li da thc, c 3 duyn: 1. Cn (Mt na), 2. Cnh (thn cn, kh gii v
chng t), 3. Tc , 4. Chng t.
V mun d nh, nn C nhn c bi tng nh sau:
Nhn thc cu duyn sanh
Nh thc duy tng bt
T, Thit, Thn tam,tht
Hu tam; ng, tam, t
Dch ngha
Nhn thc chn duyn
Nh thc ch cn tm
T, Thit, Thn c by
Sau ba; nm, ba bn
LC GII
Nhn thc c chn duyn; Nh thc ch c 8 duyn; T, Thit v Thn
ba thc ny li c 7 duyn; cn ba thc sau th thc th 6 c 5 duyn,
thc th 7 c 3 duyn v thc th 8 c 4 duyn. (Thc th 7 ly kin
phn ca A li da thc lm cnh; Thc th 8 ly cn thn, kh gii v
chng t lm cnh).
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BI TH BA
3. TM VNG
(C TM MN)
Tm mn tm ny rt th thng,t ti v t ch; cng nh v Quc
vng, nn gi l Tm vng(nht th ti thng c)
NM THC TRC
(TIN NG THC)
1. Nhn thc: Ci bit ca con mt. V thc ny nng Nhn cn, khi ra
tc dng phn bit v sc trn, nn gi l "Nhn thc".
2. Nh thc: Ci bit cal tai. V thc ny nng Nh cn, khi ra tc
dng phn bit v thinh trn, nn gi l "Nh thc".
3. T thc: Ci bit cami. V thc ny nng T cn, khi ra tc dng
phn bit v hng trn, nn gi l "T thc".
4. Thit thc: Ci bit cali. V thc ny nng Thit cn, khi ra tc
dng phn bit v vi trn, nn gi l "Thit thc".
5. Thn thc: Ci bit cathn. V thc ny nng thn cn, khi ra tc
dng phn bit v xc trn, nn gi l "Thn thc".
Trong 8 thc Tm vng. V 5 thc ny bn ngoi v trc, nn cng
gi l "Tin ng thc" (nm thc trc).
KHI A V PHM PHU NM THC NY I VI:
1. Ba cnh: Nm thc ny ch c"Tnh cnh"
2. Ba lng: Nm thc ny ch c"Hin lng"
3. Ba tnh: Nm thc ny c 3 tnh: Thin,c v V k.
4. Nm th: Nm thc ny ch c 3 th: Kh, Lc v X th.
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5. Ba ci: ci Dc th nm thc ny c, n ci Sc ch cn thc:
Nhn,Nh v Thn; v hai thc T v Thit khng hin hnh(Nhn, Nh,
Thn tam Nh a c).
6. Chn a: Nm thc ny ch trong hai a: 1. Ng th tp c a, tc
l ci Dc thuc v S a. 2. Ly sanh h lc a, ci Sc, thuc S thin
gi l Nh a.
7. Nm mi mt Tm s: Nm thc ny ch tng ng 34 tm s: 5
mn bin hnh, 5 mn bit cnh, 11 mn Thin, 3 mn Cn bn phin
no, 2 mn Trung tu v 8 mn i tu.
8. :Chn duyn:Nhn thc 9 duyn, Nh thc ch cn 8 duyn (thiu
Minh), 3 thc T, Thit v Thn ch c 7 duyn ( thiu Minh v Khng ).
9. Th: Th ca 5 thc ny, ch c T tnh phn bit, khng c Tu nim
phn bit v K t phn bit.
10. Tng: Thc vi cn kh phn (ngu gi nan phn thc d cn).
11. Nghip dng: Duyn trn cnh. Song 2 thc: Nhn v Nh phi cch
trn cnh mi phn bit c. Cn 3 thc: T, Thit v Thn phi hip
vi trn cnh mi phn bit c.
KHI LN THNH V NM THC NY I VI:
1. Qun hnh (tu): Khi ln Thnh v, th 5 thc ny chuyn thnh "Hu
c tr", v bin ra ci Tng phn ca 2 mn chn nh (Sanh khng
chn nh v php khng chn nh) m qun (duyn).
2. on hoc v chuyn thnh tr: Khi thc th 8 chuyn thnh "i
vin cnh tr", th cc cn c v lu; lc by gi 5 thc ny cng c
v lu v chuyn lm "Thnh s tc tr".
3. Chng qu v diu dng: Khi chng qu v Pht th 5 thc ny
chuyn lm "Thnh s tc tr". Lc by gi n c cng dng ho hin ra
3 loi thn gio ho v dt tr cc kh sanh t lun hi cho chng
sanh.
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BA LOI THN:
1. Thn i ho tc l Thng ng thn. Thn ny cao 1.000 trng,
gio ho hng i tha B Tt.
2. Thn Tiu ho tc l Lit ng thn. Thn ny cao mt trng su
thc, gio ho hng Tam hin B Tt cng Nh tha v phm phu.
3. Thn Tu loi ho. Thn ny tu theo loi chng sanh m ho hin.
*
V mun cho ngi hc d nh, nn trong Bt thc Qui c, Ngi Huyn
Trang Php s c lm ba bi tng tm tt li 5 thc nh sau. Hai bi
tng u l ni 5 thc ny khi cn a v phm phu, bi tng th 3 l
ni khi ln Thnh v.
Bi tng th nht
Tnh cnh, Hin lng, thng tam Tnh
Nhn, Nh, Thn tam Nh a c
Bin hnh, Bit cnh, Thin thp nht
Trung nh, i bt, Tham, Sn, Si
Dch ngha
Tnh cnh, Hin lng, thng ba Tnh
Nhn, Nh, Thn ba Nh a
Bin hnh, Bit cnh, Thit mi mt
Trung hai, i tm, Tham, Sn, Si
LC GII
Trong 3 Cnh th 5 thc ny ch c "Tnh cnh"; trong 3 lng n ch c
"Hin lng"; cn 3 Tnh th n c Thin, c v V k.
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ci Dc l S a, th c 5 thc. Ln ci Sc v Nh a, th ch cn 3
thc l: Nhn, Nh v Thn.
Ni v Tm s, th 5 thc ny tng ng vi 34 mn: 5 mn Bin hnh, 5
mn Bit cnh, 11 mn Thin, 2 mn Trung tu, 8 mn i tu v 3 mn
Cn bn phin no l: Tham, Sn, Si.
Bi tng th hai
Ng thc ng y Tnh sc cn
Cu duyn, bt, tht ho tng ln
Hip tam, ly nh, qun trn th
Ngu gi nan phn thc d cn
Dch ngha
Nm thc ng nng Tnh sc cn
Chn, tm, by duyn a gn nhau
Ba hip, hai ri, duyn trn cnh
Ngu gi kh phn Thc v Cn .
LC GII
Cn, c 2 loi: 1. Ph trn cn:Cn th ph bn ngoi. 2. Tnh sc cn:
cn thanh tnh tinh t bn trong; cng gi l "Thng ngha cn", v cn
ny rt th thng.
Nm thc u nng 5 cn Tnh sc v nh c cc duyn mi sanh ra
c. Nh Nhn thc nh 9 duyn, Nh thc ch cn 8 duyn, T, Thit
v Thn mi thc ch c 7 duyn.
Ba thc: T, Thit v Thn phi hip vi trn cnh mi duyn c; cn
2 thc l Nhn v Nh phi cch h trn cnh mi duyn c.
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Chng phm phu v hng Nh tha v chp php nng n, nn kh
phn bit ci no l Thc v ci no l Cn. V th, m c hai u b gi
l "Ngu gi".
Bi tng th ba
Bin tng qun khng duy hu c
Qu trung du t bt thuyn chn
Vin minh s pht thnh V lu
Tam loi phn thn tc kh lun.
Dch ngha
Tr Hu c bin tng khng, qun (duyn)
Khi chng qu cn chng ni chn
Vin minh va pht thnh V lu
Phn thn ba loi, dt kh lun.
LC GII
Nm thc ny khng c "Cn bn tr" m ch c "Hu c tr". Khi duyn
chn nh th n ch bin li tng phn ca hai mn chn nh (Sanh
khng chn nh v Php khng chn nh) m duyn, ch khng th
trc tip thn duyn c; v n khng c "Cn bn tr" nn khng th
thn duyn.
Khi chng c Thnh qu, cng khng th ni "Nm thc ny thn
duyn c chn nh", hung chi l trong lc tu nhn.
n khi thc th Tm va chuyn thnhi vin cnh tr (vin minh s
pht) th 5 thc ny thnh V lu. Lc by gi, 5 thc ny c cng dng
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hin ra ba loi thn ho v dt tr cc kh sanh t lun hi cho
chng sanh.
Cu "Bin tng khng qun": Bin li tng chn nh m duyn. Ch
"Tng khng" l tng Ng khng v Php khng tc l Chn nh
(nh khng chn nh). Ch "Qun" l duyn. Ngha l:Tr Hu c ny
ch bin li tng chn nh m duyn.
Ch "Ni Chn": Ngha l ni thn duyn Chn nh.
BI TH T
4. THC
(THC TH SU)
Thc ny nng cn (thc th 7) khi tc dng phn bit Php trn,
nn gi l " thc".
Trong tm thc duy c thc th Su ny rt lanh l v khn ngoan hn
ht, nn trong bi th Bt thc c cu rng:"c hu nht c ti linh ly"
(ring c mt ci thc rt lanh l). Suy ngh lm vic phi, thc ny
ng u; cn tnh ton to tc vic c, th n cng hn c. Bi th nn
trong Duy thc ni:"Cng vi th, ti vi khi" (Ni v "Cng" th thc
ny hn ht, cn lun v "Ti" th n cng ng u). Thc ny cng c
cng nng chp Ng v chp Php.
Mt iu m ngi hc thng thc mc: Ti sao thc th Su gi l "
thc", m thc th By cng gi l " thc"? trong i tha b php
minh mn lun chu ngn, c gii thch nh vy: Thc th Su m gi
l " thc" v thc ny nng " cn" m khi ra phn bit, nn gi "
thc". Ngha l thc ca cn. "Thc" l nng y, cn"" l b y, hai phn
khc nhau.cng nh ni "Nhn thc", tc l thc ca Nhn cn. Th l
cn vi thc khc nhau.
Cn thc th By m gi l " thc"; ch "" l sanh dit tng tc
khng gin on. V thc ny sanh dit tng tc khng gin on nn
gi l " thc". Th l "Thc" tc l "" khng khc. Cng nh "Tng
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thc", ch "Tng" l cha ng. V thc ny cha ng cc php, nn
gi l "Tng thc". Th l "Thc" tc l "Tng (cha) khng khc.
KHI I V PHM PHU, THC NY I VI:
1. Ba cnh: Thc ny c ba cnh:
a) Tnh cnh, b) c nh cnh, c) i cht cnh.
2. Ba lng: Thc ny c ba lng:
a) HIn lng, b) T lng, c) Phi lng.
3. Ba tnh: Thc ny c ba tnh:
a) Thin tnh, b) c tnh, c) V k tnh.
4. Ba ci: Thc ny c trong ba ci:
a) Ci dc, b) ci sc, c) ci V sc.
5.Chn a: Thc ny c trong chn a:
6. Tm s: Thc ny c 51 mn Tm s: 5 mn Bin hnh, 5 mn Bit
cnh, 11 mn Thin, 6 mn cn bn phin no, 20 mn Ty phin no, 4
mn Bt nh.
7. Chn duyn: Trong chn duyn, thuc ny ch c 5 duyn: a) Cn
duyn, b) Cnh duyn, c)Tc duyn, d)Cn bn duyn, e) Chng t
duyn.
8. Th (tnh): Th ca thc ny c ba mn phn bit: a)T tnh phn
bit, b)Tu nim phn bit, c) K t phn bit.
9. Tng: Tng ca thc ny l lun chuyn trong ba ci (tam gii lun
thi d kh tri).
10. Nghip dng: Nghip dng ca thc ny lm cho thn v ming to
ra dn nghip v mn nghip cm th qu bo trong ba ci. V ba
tnh cng nm Th, thc nt thng thay i lun.
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KHI LN THNH V, THC NY I VI
1. Qun hnh (tu): Thc th su ny qun sanh khng, ph tr ng chp
v qun php khng, ph tr php chp.
2. on hoc v thnh tr: Thc ny c nm giai on tr hoc chuyn
thnh tr:
a)n v T lng, th thc ny mi chinh phc c hai mn hin
hnh ca ng chp.
b)n v Kin o, th thc ny mi on c hai mn chng t v
phn phn bit ca ng chp v php chp.
c)n v Tu tp, thc ny on c hai mn hin hnh v chinh phc
c hai chng t cu sanh ca ng chp v php chp.
d)n v Vin hnh tr ln th thc ny mi on ht cu sanh ng chp
v hon ton v lu.
e)n v ng gic, thc ny on ht cu sanh php chp,chuyn thnh
Diu quan st tr.
3. Chng qu v diu dng: Khi chng qu v Pht, th thc ny chuyn
thnh Diu quan st tr v c cng nng chiu soi cn c ca chng sanh
trong i thin th gii, ri ty c thuyt php ho hm linh.
Mun cho ngi hc d nh, nn trong Bt thc quy c, ngi Huyn
Trang Php s c lm ba bi tng nh sau. Hai bi tng u, ni thc
ny khi i v Phm phu, bi tng th ba ni thc ny khi ng Thnh
qu.
Bi tng th nht
Tam Tnh, tam Lng thng tam Cnh
Tam gii lun thi di kh tri
Tng ng Tm s ng tht nht
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Thin c lm thi bit phi chi.
Dch nghi
Ba Tnh, ba Lng v ba Cnh
Lun chuyn ba ci rt d bit
Tm s tng ng nm mi mt
Thin c n thi ring phi hip.
LC GII
Thc th Su ny c ba Tnh, ba Lng v ba Cnh. N lun hi
trong ba ci rt d bit. Nhng Tm s tng ng vi thc ny c 51
mn. Khi thc ny ngh vic lnh th c Thin tm s ring phi hip,
cn khi ngh vic c th c c tm s ring phi hip.
***
Bi tng th hai
Tnh, Gii, Th tam hng chuyn dch
Cn, Ty, Tn dng ng tng lin
ng thn pht ng c vi ti
Dn, Mn nng chiu nghip lc khin.
Dch ngha
Tnh, Gii, Th ba thng bin i
Cn, Tu, Tn chung nhau lin tip
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Thn ng, ming tht n hn ht
Dn nghip, Mn nghip th qu bo
LC GII
Thc Ny i vi ba Tnh, ba Gii v nm Th th n thng thay i;
khi th vui lc li bun, ...51 mn Tm s, nh cn bn phin no, Tu
phin no v Thin tm s, ...cng nhau lin tip khng lc no ri thc
ny. Lm cho thn ng v ming ni, duy c thc ny l hn ht. N
to ra dn nghip v mn nghip chiu cm qu bo i sau.
Bi tng th ba
Pht khi s tm Hoan h a
Cu sanh du t hin trin min
Vin hnh a hu thun v lu
Qun st vin minh chiu i thin.
Dch ngha
Khi ng s tm Hoan h a
Cu sanh ng, php hin cn n
Vin hnh v sau thun v lu
Qun st vin mn khp i thin
LC GII
Hnh gi trong lc tri qua Thp thnh th th c ny c ba thi k on
phin no v thun v lu.
1. Khi ln S a, tc l Hoan h a, th phn bit ng chp v php
chp u on. Nhng cu sanh ng chp v php chp hy cn hin
hnh v min phc trong Tng thc, cha c th chinh phc v on tr
c.
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2. Khi n Vin hnh a (tc l Tht a) tr ln th mi on c
chng t cu sanh ca ng chp v chinh phc c hin hnh ca php
chp. Lc by gi thc ny mi thun V lu.
3. Khi sp ln qu Pht th on c chng t cu sanh ca php chp.
Lc by gi thc ny chuyn thnh Diu quan st tr, qun st chiu soi
c a thin th gii v tu theo cn c ca mi loi m thuyt php gio
ho.
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BI TH NM
5. MT NA THC
(THC TH BY)
Thc ny c nhiu tn: 1. Mt na (go theo nguyn m ting Phn), 2.
cn: Thc ny l cn ca thc (Thc th Su); V thc th Su nng
thc ny pht sanh. 3. Thc th By: Theo th th thc ny ng
nhm th By. 4. Truyn thng thc: V thc ny c cng nng truyn
cc php hin hnh. 5. thc, v thc ny sanh dit tng tc khng
gin on nn gi l "". Song, s ngi lm ln vi thc th Su, nn
thc th By ny ch gi l "", m khng thm ch "Thc". Thc ny
ch duyn kin phn cu thc A li da chp lm tht ng v tht php.
KHI I V PHM PHU, THC NY I VI:
1. Ba cnh: Thc ny ch c i cht cnh
2. Ba lng: Thc ny ch c Phi lng
3. Ba tnh: Thc ny ch c Hu ph V k tnh.
4. Ba gii: Trong ba Gii, thc ny u c .
5. Chn a: Trong chn a, thc ny c .
6.Tm s: Thc ny c 18 tm s: 5 mn Bin hnh, 1 mn Hu trong
Bit cnh, 4 mn cn bn phin no: Si, Kin, Mn, i v 8 mn i ty.
7.Chn duyn: Thc ny ch c ba duyn: 1. Cn cnh duyn. 2. Tc
duyn. 3. Chng t duyn.
8.Tnh: Hng thm xt v lo ngh (Hng thm t lng).
9. Tng: Lo ngh (T lng vi tnh tng)
10. Nghip dng: Lm ch cho 6 thc trc nng, hoc nhim hay
tnh.
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KHI LN THNH V THC NY I VI:
1. Qun hnh: Tht ra thc ny khng c nng lc on hoc, ch nh
thc th Su tu qun, on hoc, m thc ny cng c on.
2. on hoc v chuyn thnh tr:C ba giai on: a) n s a, th thc
ny mi va chinh phc c hai mn chp v phn cu sanh v chuyn
thnh Bnh ng tnh tr. b) Khi ln Bt a (V cng dng o) thc
ny on c cu sanh ng chp. c) n Kim Cang o th thc ny mi
on c cu sanh php chp
3. Chng qu v diu dng: Khi chng qu v Pht, th thc na hin ra
thn "Tha th dng", gio ho thp a B Tt.
***
Mun cho ngi hc d nh, nn trong Bt thc quy c, ngi Huyn
Trang Php s c lm ba bi tng nh sau. Hai bi tng u, ni thc
ny khi i v Phm phu, bi tng th ba ni thc ny khi ln Thnh
qu.
Bi tng th nht
i cht hu ph thng tnh bn
Ty duyn chp ng, lng vi phi
Bt i Bin hnh, Bit cnh Hu
Tham, Si, Ng kin, Mn tng tu.
Dch ngha
i cht hu ph thng By, Tm
Ty duyn chp ng thuc Phi lng
Tm i, Bin hnh, Hu Bit cnh
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Tham, Si, Ng, Mn thng theo nhau
LC GII
Trong ba cnh, thc ny ch duyn v "i cht cnh". Ba tnh, thc ny
ch thuc v "Hu ph V k tnh". Cnh i cht ca thc ny l thng
c thc th By v thc th Tm. Ngha l thc th By dng kin phn
nng duyn ca mnh (Tc l Tm, trn nguyn vn bi tng ch Hn
gi l Tnh) duyn qua kin phn ca thc th Tm (kin phn thc th
Tm cng l Tm; song v b thc th By ly n lm "bn cht"
duyn, nn trn bi tng theo nguyn vn ch Hn go l "Bn", tc l
"Bn cht" vy), ri bin li "Cnh i cht". V th nn trong Duy thc
c cu:
"D tm duyn tm chn i cht
Trung gian tng phn lng u sanh"
Nghi l thc th By dng kin phn ca tm mnh, duyn qua kin
phn tm ca thc th Tm, nn chnh gia hai th c ny sanh ra mt
tng phn l cnh "Chn i cht".
Chng sanh ty vng nghip sanh trong Tam gii, th thc ny cng
theo m chp ng. Trong ba lng, thc ny thuc v phi lng.
V tm s th thc ny c 18 mn: 8 i ty, 5 mn Bin hnh v mt
mn Hu trong 5 mn Bit cnh vi 4 mn cn bn phin no l Tham,
Si, Mn v Ng kin.
Bi tng th hai
Hng thm t lng ng tng ty
Hu tnh nht d trn hn m
T hoc bt i tng ng khi
Lc chuyn h vi "Nhim tnh y"
Dch ngha
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Hng xt lo lng theo chp ng
Hu tnh ngy m b m mui
Bn hoc, tm i chung nhau khi
Su thc gi l "Nhim tnh y"
LC GII
Thc th By thng suy xt so o chp kin phn ca thc th Tm
lm ng. Trong Bt thc quy c tng Trang ch c ni:
Thc th Tm, c hng m khng thm xt.
Thc th By, va hng li va thm xt.
Thc th Su, c thm xt m khng hng.
Nm thc trc, khng hng v khng thm.
Cng v thc ny chp ng, nn chng hu tnh m mui trong sanh t
m di m chng t bit. Thc ny tng ng vi bn mn cn bn
phin no l: Si, Kin, Mn, i v 8 mn i tu. Su thc trc gi thc
ny l "Nhim tnh y" (Lc thc h vi nhim tnh y)
Bi tng th ba
Cc h s tm, bnh ng tnh
V cng dng hnh ng hng thi
Nh Lai hin khi tha th dng
Thp a B Tt s b ci (c)
Dch ngha
n S a, thnh "bnh ng tr"
n V cng dng, hng ph Ng
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Nh Lai hin thn "Tha th dng"
Gio ho hng Thp a B Tt.
LC GII
Hnh gi khi chng c Hoan h a, tc l S a, th thc ny
chuyn li thnh "Bnh ng tnh tr". n bt ng a, tc l a th
Tm, cng gi l "V cng dng hnh"; lc by gi hnh gi mi dp tr
chng t ca ng chp. n khi chng qu Pht, thc ny chuyn
thnh tr, hin ra thn "Tha th dng" gio ho hng Thp a B
Tt.
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BI TH SU
6. A LI DA THC (THC TH TM)
Thc ny c rt nhiu tn, khi c n lun "A na thc" qi v s hiu
r. Nay chng ti ch k s lc mt vi tn.
1. bt thc: Thc th tm. V theo th : mt l nhn thc, hai l nh
thc, cho n thc th Tm l thc ny, nn gi l bt thc.
2. A li da thc: Tu dch l "Tng thc": Thc ny c cng nng cha
ng chng t ca cc php. "Thc" l th, m "cha" l dng. Hip c
th v dng, nn gi l "thc cha" (Tng thc). C 3 ngha:
a. Nng tng: Nng cha. Thc ny co cng nng cha ng v gn gi
chng t (ht ging) ca cc php.
b. S tng: B cha. Thc ny l ch cha cc php.
c. Ng i chp tng, gi tt l "chp tng": Thc th By chp kin phn
ca thc ny lm Ta v thng i luyn.
KHI A V PHM PHU, THC NY I VI:
1. Ba cnh: Thc ny ch duyn v "V bn cht tnh cnh".
2. Ba lng: Thc ny ch c "hin lng"
3. ba tnh: Thc ny thuc v "V ph v k tnh".
4. Ba th: Thc ny ch c "X th".
5. Ba ci: Thc ny tu nghip lc dn sanh trong ba ci.
6. Chn a:Trong chn a u c thc ny.
7. Tm s: Thc ny ch tng ng vi 5 mn bin hnh; song trong 5
th th n ch c "X th".
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8. Chn duyn: thc ny ch c 4 duyn: a. Cn (Mt ma), b. Cnh (Cn
thn, th gii v chng t), c. Tc , d. Chng t.
9. Th (tnh): Vi vi khng cng (ho ho tam tng bt kh cng)
10. Tng: Thc ny nh vc su (uyn thm tht lnh cnh vi phong).
11. Nghip dng: Thc ny duy tr chng t cn thn, th gii v lm
ch th cc php hun vo.
KHI LN THNH V, THC NY I VI:
1. Qun hnh: (Khng c qun hnh).
2. on hoc v chuyn thnh tr: Khi ln "Bt ng a" (Bt a) th
hnh gi on c cu sanh Ng chp; lc by gi thc ny b ci tn
"Tng thc". n Kim Cang o ri, th hnh gi on ht cu sanh php
chp, khng cn cm th sanh t, cho nn cng khng cn tn l "D
thc thc"; v n a v ny th cc chng t hu lu ht. Lc by gi
thc ny c gi l "V cu thc", v chuyn thnh i vin cnh tr.
3. Chng qu v diu dng: V thc ny thnh i vin cnh tr, nn
chiu khp mi phng cc ci nc nhiu nh vi trn.
Mun cho ngi hc d nh, nn trong Bt thc quy c, ngi Huyn
Trang Php s c lm ba bi tng tm li cc ngha trn nh sau. Hai
bi tng u ni thc ny khi cn a v phm phu, bi tng th ba,
ni khi ln thnh qu.
Bi tng th nht
Tnh duy v ph ng Bin thnh
Gii, a tu tha nghip lc sanh
Nh thabt liu nhn m chp
Do th nng hng Lun ch tranh
Dch ngha
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V ph tnh v nm Bin thnh
Ba ci, chn a tu nghip sanh
Nh tha khng r sanh m chp
Bi th nn chi Lun ch tranh (ci)
LC GII
Trong ba tnh, thc ny thuc v "V ph v k tnh". Trong 51 mn
tm s thc ny ch tng ng vi 5 mn Bin hnh, song trong 5 th th
n ch c X th. Tu theonghip lc ko dn, m thc ny sanh trong
ba ci v chn a. Hng Nh tha khng hiu, chp thc ny khng c.
Bi th nn Lun ch dn rt nhiu bng chng trong cc Kinh Lun
tranh lun, ch r v quyt nh phi c thc th Tm ny.
***
Bi tng th hai
Ho ho tam tng bt kh cng
Uyn thm tht lng cnh vi phong
Th hun tr chng cn thn kh
Kh hu lai tin tc chng ng
Dch ngha
Chi vi ba tng khng cng tt
Vc su, by sng, cnh lm gi
Chu hun, tr chng v thn cnh
n trc i sau lm ch ng
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LC GII
Ba tng l Nng tng, S tng v Ng i chp tng. Bi thc ny c cng
nng duy tr cc chng t, nn gi l "Nng tng". V thc ny l ch
chu cho cc php hin hnh hun vo, nn gi l "S tng". Thc th
By chp kin phn ca thc ny lm Ng, nn gi l "Ng i chp
tng".
Th v dng ca thc ny su rng v cng; hng phm phu v Nh
tha khng th thu tt. Chng hu tnh t v th n nay, cng do
thc ny m sanh t tng tc khng cng tt, nn trong bi tng ni:
"Vi vi ba tng khng cng tt".
Bin tng thc rt l su rng, gi bn duyn (cn, cnh, chng t v tc
) mt phen thi vo, th sng by thc nhp nh ni dy.
Thc ny c cng nng duy tr chng t, cn thn, th gii v chu cho
cc php hin hnh hun vo.
Thc ny lm ng Ch; v khi chng hu tnh cht th n i sau, cn khi
u sanh thi n li n trc.
C nhn c lm bi k, t trng thi ngi cht, trong lc thn thc
sp ri thn xc, c th kinh nghim bit ngi cht ri c thng ln
hay a xung.
Chnh vn
nh Thnh, nhn sanh Thin
Nhn tm, Ng qu phc
Bn sanh tt ci ly
a ngc khc tm xut
Dch ngha
Thnh u, Tri ti mt
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Trang s: - 37 -
Ngi tim, Ng qu bng
Sc sanh hai chn xung
a ngc bn chn ra
Bi tng th ba
Bt ng a tin ti x tng
Kim Cang o hu D thc khng
i vin v cu ng thi pht
Ph chiu thp phng trn st trung
Dch ngha
n bt a b tn "Tng"
Chng Kim Cang o, khng "D thc"
Gng tr khng nh ng thi pht
Khp chiu mi phng v s ci.
LC GII
Hnh gi khi ti Bt ng a, tc l Bt a tr ln, th thc ny mi x
ci tn "Tng thc" m ch cn gi l "D thc thc". Khi n v ng
gic, c Kim Cang o, th thc ny khng cn gi tn l "D thc"
na. V lc by gi, cc chng t hu lu cu nhim ht, nn thc
ny c i tn l "V cu thc"; ch cn thun chng t v lu thanh
tnh, nn cng c gi l "Bch tnh thc".
n Kim Cang o, th thc ny c gi l "V cu" v chuyn thnh
i vin cnh tr, nn trong bi tng ni:
"i vin (tr) v cu (thc) ng thi pht"
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tr i vin ny chiu khp c mi phng th gii nhiu nh s ct
sng Hng; v hin ra Bo thn Pht v Ho thn Pht thot
chng sanh tt n i v lai.
Tm li, thc th Tm ny v tri qua 3 giai on, nn c 3 tn khc
nhau:
1. t phm phu cho n mn Tht a, th gi thc ny l Tng thc (A
li da) hay "D thc thc".
2. t Bt a n ng gic, th khng cn gi l "Tng thc" na m ch
gi l "D thc thc".
3. n qu v Pht, th tn "D thc" cng khng cn, m ch gi l "V
cu thc" hay "Bch tnh thc".
***
Mun cho ngi hc d nh hnh tng v cng nng ca 8 thc tm
vng nn c nhn c lm bi th rng:
Bt c huynh, nht c si
c hu nht c ti sinh ly
Ng c mn tin t mi mi
Nht c gia trung tc ch y.
Dch ngha
Anh em tm ch mt chng si (thc th By)
duy c thc rt linh ly (khn ngoan)
nm ngi ngoi ca lo bun bn (nm thc trc)
lm ch trong nh bt y (thc th Tm)
-
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BI TH BY
7. TM S (C 51 MN)
"Tm s hu php" gi tt l "Tm s", ngha l php s hu ca Tm
vng. Tm s tu theo Tm vng m khi v gip Tm Vng
to nghip (D th tng ng c)
tm s c 51 mn, chia lm 6 loi:
A. TM S BIN THNH (C 5 mn)
Ch "Bin thnh" ngha l i khp. Nm mn Tm s ny i khp 4 ch:
1. Tt c thi gian (qu kh, hin ti v v lai), 2. Tt c ch (khng gian:
Ba ci, chn a), 3. Tt c cc thc (Tm thc Tm Vng), 4. Tt c tnh
(tnh lnh, d v tnh khng lnh d).
1. Xc: Tip xc, gp g. Tnh ca Tm s ny, hay lm cho Tm Vng
hoc Tm s tip xc vi cnh. Nghip dng ca n lm ch nng cho
Th, Tng, T, ... pht sanh.
2. Tc : Mong khi tri . Tnh ca Tm s ny hay nh thc chng t
ca Tm vng, Tm s khin cho sanh khi. Nghip dng ca n dn
tm n duyn t cnh.
3. Th: Lnh th. Tnh ca Tm s ny hay lnh th nhng cnh thun,
nghch v cnh khng thun nghch. Nghip dng ca n l mong
mun. Nh gp cnh thun th mun hip, gp cnh nghch th mun la
v mun cnh khng thun nghch. Ni li cho d hiu l th cnh vui,
bun v cnh bnh thng.
4. Tng: Nh tng. Tnh ca Tm s ny hay tng hnh tng ca
cnh vt. Nghip dng ca n l ba t ra nhng danh t ku gi.
Nh tng hnh tng trng, mng v vung, ri tu theo m t ra
ci tn l "t giy".
5. T: lo ngh. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khin cho tm lo ngh to tc.
Nghip dng ca n l sai tm ln nhng vic lnh, d hoc khng phi
lnh d.
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B. TM S BIT CNH (C 5 mn):
Ch "Bit cnh" l mi cnh ring khc. Nm mn Tm s ny, mi mn
duyn mi cnh ring khc.
1. Dc: Mong mun. Tnh ca Tm s ny l hng mong mun duyn
nhng cnh vui thch. Nghip dng ca n lm ch nng cho "sing
nng".
2. Thng gii: Hiu bit r rng. Tnh ca Tm s ny, hiu bit r rng
khng c nghi ng. Nghip dng ca n l quyt nh khng chuyn
i.
3. Nim:Nh. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khin cho tm ghi nh r rng
nhng cnh qua. Nghip dng ca n, lm ch nng cho nh.
4. nh: Chuyn ch. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khin cho tm khi i vi
cnh, chuyn ch khng tn lon. Nghip dng ca n lm ch nng
cho Tr; v khi i vi cnh, tm chuyn ch khng tn lon, nn sanh ra
Tr.
5. Hu: Sng t. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi i vi cnh sng sut la
chn. Nghip dng ca n, dt nghi ng. Trong khi i vi cnh, v c
Hu suy xt, nn quyt nh khng cn nghi ng.
C. TM S THIN (C 11 mn)
Ch "Thin" l hin lnh. Bn tnh ca 11 Tm s ny, hin lnh v lm
li ch cho chng sanh.
1. Tn: Tin. Tnh ca Tm s ny, tin chu nhng g c tht (chn tht),
c (hnh dung), Nng (nghip dng) v lm cho Tm c thanh tnh.
Nghip dng ca n: i tr Bt tn v a vic lnh.
2. Tinh tn: Tinh chuyn v tn ti. Tnh ca Tm s ny, sing nng
on cc vic d, lm cc vic lnh. Nghip dng ca n i tr gii i
v lm vin mn vic lnh.
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3. Tm: T xu h. Tnh ca Tm s ny, mi khi lm iu g quy, t
mnh xu h; knh trng ngi hin v a vic phi. Ngip dng ca n:
i tr "tm khng bit xu h" v ngn nga vic d.
4. Qu: Thn vi ngi. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi mnh lm iu g
quy, thy ngi thn tha; khng chu gn ngi c, chng lm vic
d. Nghip dng ca n: i tr "tm khng bit thn" v ngn lm vic
c.
5. V tham: khng tham lam. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khng tham lam,
cnh dc lc trong tam gii. Nghip dng ca n: i tr lng "tham" v
a lm vic lnh.
6. V sn: Khng sn hn. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi i vi cnh tri
nghch, khng nng gin. Nghip dng ca n: i tr "sn hn" v a
lm vic lnh.
7. V si: Khng si m. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi i vi s l, hiu bit
rnh r khng m m. Nghip dng ca n: i tr "si m" v a lm
vic lnh.
8. Khinh an: Nh nhng, th thi. Tnh ca Tm s ny, lm cho thn
tm nh nhng khoan khoi, xa la nhng g nng n bc bi. Nghip
dng ca n: i tr "Hn trm".
9. Bt phng dt:Khng bung lung, phng tng. Tnh ca Tm s ny
l phng nga vic c, lm vic lnh v khng phng tng. Nghip
dng ca n: lm vin mn vic lnh th gian, xut th gian v i tr
"Bung lung".
10. Hnh x: Lm ri khng chp trc. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi lm
cc vic phc thin, khng chp trc, khin tm an tr ni v cng
dng. Nghip dng ca n: i tr "Tro c" v lm cho tm an tr ni
yn tnh.
11. Bt hi: Khng lm tn hi. Tnh ca Tm s ny khng lm tn hi
tt c chng hu tnh. Nghip dng ca n: T bi thng xt loi vt v
i tr "Tn hi".
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D.CN BN PHIN NO (C 6 mn)
Su mn phin no ny thuc v c. N lm ci gc sanh ra cc phin
no chi mc, nn gi l "Cn bn".
1. Tham: Tham lam. Tnh ca Tm s ny tham lam m nhim nhng
g n a thch; nh ti sc, danh vng,...Nghip dng ca n: lm
chng ngi "V tham" v sanh ti kh.
2. Sn: Ni nng. Tnh ca Tm s ny, gin ght nhng cnh tri
nghch. Nghip dng ca n: lm cho thn tm khng yn n, chng
ngi tnh "V sn" v sanh cc ti li.
3. Si: Ngu si, hoc gi l "V minh" (khng sng sut). Tnh ca Tm s
ny l m mui, khng bit hay d,phi quy. Nghip dng ca n sanh
ra cc php tp nhim v chng ngi tnh "V si".
Ba mn phin no tm s (Tham, Sn, Si) ny, lm chng ngi ba mn
V lu l Gii, nh v Hu.
4.Mn: Khinh mn. Tnh ca Tm s ny, ti nng hoc th lc ca
mnh, khinh d ngo mn ngi. Nghip dng ca n lm nhn sanh ra
ti li v chng ngi tnh "khng khinh mn".
5. Nghi: Nghi ng, do d. Tnh ca Tm s ny, nghi ng khng tin
nhng vic phi, chn chnh. Nghip dng ca n lm tr ngi vic
lnh v chng ngi tnh "khng nghi".
6.c kin: Thy bit thuc v ti c, nhim . Tnh ca Tm s ny, hiu
bit in o, khng ng chnh l. Nghip dng ca n gy to ti kh
v chng ngi nhng hiu bit chn chnh.
c kin ny c 5 mn:
1. Thn kin: Chp Ta (Ng).
2. Bin kin: Chp mt bn, hoc chp Ta cht ri mt hn (chp on),
hoc chp Ta cht ri cn hoi (chp thng).
3. T kin: Chp t, m tn, d oan.
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4. Kin th: Chp cng ch hiu bit ca mnh l ng, mc d c ngi
bit sai, ch bo li cng khng nghe.
5. Gii cm th: Chp gi theo nhng gii cm khng chn chnh ca
ngoi o. Ni rng ra l chp theo nhng tc l khng hay.
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BI TH TM
8 TU PHIN NO (C 20 mn)
Hai mi mn phin no ny, l tu thuc 6 mn Cn bn phin no
trn m sanh khi. V phm vi tng ng ca n c rng v hp khng
ng, nn chia lm ba loi:
I. TIU TU, c 10 mn, mi mn t lc sanh khi, phm vi tng ng
nh hp, nn gi l "Tiu".
1. Phn: Gin. Tnh ca tm s ny, khi gp cnh tri nghch, nng gin.
Nghip dng ca n l hay lm tn hi ngi, vt v chng ngi tnh
khng nng gin.
2. Hn: Hn. Khi gp cnh nghch, trc nng gin ri sau mi hn.
Tnh ca Tm s ny l m p s on ght khng b. Nghip dng ca
n l nng ny, bun phin v hay lm chng ngi tnh khng hn.
3. Ph: Che giu. Tnh ca tm s ny, v s mt danh gi v ti li, nn
che giu ti li ca mnh. Nghip dng ca n l hay n nn, bun v
chng ngitnh khng che giu.
4. No: Bun bun. Khi gp cnh nghch, trc gin hn ri sau mi
bun. Tnh ca Tm s ny hay nh li nhng cnh tri nghch qua,
ri sanh bun phin. Nghip dng ca n l chng ngi tnh khng
bun.
5. Tt: tt , ganh ght. Tnh ca tm s ny hay ganh ght k
nhng g m ngi ta hn mnh. Nghip dng ca n l lm chng
ngi tnh khng tt v su kh lo bun.
6. Xan: Bn xn. Tnh ca tm s ny, bn xn, rch rm, khng chu ban
b tin ti hay gio php cho ngi. Nghip dng ca n l lm b qu
ma, n mt ngho cc, tch tr ti sn v lm chng ngi khng
bn xn.
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7. Cung: Di. Tnh ca tm s ny, di gt ngi li mnh. Nghip
dng ca n l lm vic khng chn chnh nui sng v chng ngi
tnh khng di gt.
8. Sim: B , nnh ht. Tnh ca tm s ny, la thi th nnh ht, b
ngi. Nghip dng ca n l khng nghe li ch gio chn chnh
ca thy, bn v lm chng ngi tnh khng dua nnh.
9. Hi: Tn hi. Tnh ca tm s ny lm tn hi cc loi hu tnh.
Nghip dng ca n l lm bc no ngi, vt v chng ngi tnh
khng tn hi.
10. Kiu: Kiu cng. Tnh ca tm s ny, v thy mnh giu sang, quyn
tc hoc ti nng, ri sanh ra kiu cch v ngo ngh. Nghip dng ca
n l lm nhn sanh ra nhim , ti li v chng ngi tnh khng kiu
cng.
II. TRUNG TU, c hia mn l V tm v V qu; v hai mn Tm s
ny, duyn cc Tm s bt thin, phm vi tng ng ca n trung bnh,
nn gi l "trung tu".
11. V tm: T mnh khng bit, xu h. Tnh ca tm s ny, khi lm
vic quy khng bit t h, khinh d nhng ngi hin thin. Nghip
dng ca n l lm tng trng vic c v chng ngi tnh bit xu
h.
12. V qu: Khng bit thn vi ngi. Tnh v tm s ny, khi lm vic
quy, khng bit thn vi ngi, a lm vic ti c. Nghi dng ca n
l lm tng trng vic c v chng ngi tnh bit thn.
III. I TY, c 8 mn sau y. Tm mn Tm s ny bin khp cc
Tm s bt thin, phm vi ca n rng hn hai mn Trung tu trc,
nn gi l "i tu".
13. Trao c: Lao chao. Tnh ca Tm s ny lm cho thn tm chao ng
khng yn tnh. Nghip dng ca n l lm chng ngi nh v Hnh
x.
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Trang s: - 46 -
14. Hn trn: M ti trm trng. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khin cho tm
khi i vi qun cnh m mt khng sng sut. Nghip dng ca n l
lm hng ngi Hu v khinh an.
15. Bt tn: Khng tin. Tnh ca Tm s ny l khng tin cc php lnh,
lm cho tm tnh nhim. Nghip dng ca n hay sanh gii i v
chng ngi tm thanh tnh.
16. Gii i: Bing nhc tr ni, Tnh ca Tm s ny l bing nhc,
khng lo on c v tu thin. Nghip dng ca n l lm chng ngi
tinh tn v tng trng tnh nhim .
17. Phng dt: Bung lung. Tnh ca Tm s ny phng tng, bung
lung, khng thc lim thn tm on c tu thin. Nghip dng ca
n l lm tng c tn thin, v chng ngi tnh khng bung lung.
18. Tht nim: Mt chnh nim. Tnh ca Tm s ny khng nh cnh
duyn. Nghip dng ca n l lm chng ngi chnh nim v sanh
tn lon.
19. Tn lon: Ri lon. Tnh ca Tm s ny lm cho tm ri lon.
Nghip dng ca n l lm chng ngi chnh nh v sanh ra c hu.
20. Bt chnh tri: Bit khng chn chnh. Tnh ca Tm s ny, khi i
vi cnh, hiu bit sai lm. Nghip dng ca n l lm chng ngi ci
hiu bit chn chnh v sanh ra phm gii.
Hi:_ Ba mn Tm s: Tro c, Tn lon v phng dt khc nhau th
no?
p:_ Tro c l lao chao; d nh con nga ng mt ch trong
chung, nhng u v mnh vn lc qua lc li khng yn._Tn lon l
ri lon; d nh con nga chy lng xng trong chung._Phng dt l
bung lung; d nh con nga thot ra khi chung, tun vo la m
ca ngi.
Hi:_ Bn mn Tm s: Sn, phn, Hn v No, Hnh tng khc nhau
th no?
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p:_ Sn l ni nng, d nh la rm. Phn l gin, d nh la ci.
Hn l hn; d nh la than. No l bun, d nh tro nng.
Hi:_ Sing nng lm vic quy, c phi l Tinh tn Tm s khng?
p:_ Khng phi. Sing nng lm vic quy l phng dt Tm s.
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BI TH CHN
9. BT NH TM S (C 4 mn)
Bn mn Tm s ny khng nht nh thin hay c, nn gi l "Bt
nh".
1. Hi: n nn. Ch khc gi l " tc": ght vic lm qua; cng l d
danh ca "Hi". Tnh ca Tm s ny, n nn vic lm qua. Nghip
dng ca n lm chng ngi nh.
An nn c khi thin m cng c lc li c. Nh n nn: Va ri mnh
sn si nh p ngi tht by qu, nh th l thin. An nn: Va ri
sao mnh khng trm ly vt ca ngi, nh th l c.
2. Min: Ng. Tnh ca Tm s nylm cho tm m mt, thn khng t
ti. Nghip dng ca n lm chng ngi qun tng. Ng cng c khi
thim m cng c khi c: Ng phi thi l thin, cn ng trong khi nghe
kinh hay nim Pht l c.
3. Tm: Tm cu. Tm s ny thin c khng nht nh, ch tu theo
trng hp. Tnh ca n lm cho tm i vi cnh danh ngn ca
thc ( ngn cnh) sanh khi th ng. Nghip dng ca n l lm cho
thn tm chng yn.
4. T: Chnh chn xt Tm s ny cng c thin v c, tu theo trng
hp. Tnh ca n lm cho tm i vi cnh danh ngn ca thc, sanh
khi t nh. Nghip dng ca n lm cho thn tm c yn.
Tm li, tt c chng sanh hng ngy to nghip lnh hay d, chu qu
bo kh hay vui, khng vt ra ngoi phm vi ca 8 mn Tam Vng
v 51 mn Tm s ny.
***
III. SC PHP
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(C 11 mn) sc php l thuc v sc (nhng ci thuc v sc). Sc c hai
loi: 1. Hnh sc, nh di, ngn, vung,trn, ...2. Mu sc, nh xanh, ,
trng, vng, ...
sc c 11 mn l 5 cn: Nhn cn, Nh cn, T cn, Thit cn, Thn cn
v 6 trn: Sc trn, Thinh trn, Hng trn, V trn, Xc trn, v php
trn.
Sc php l tng phn nh tng ca Tm Vng v Tm s (nh s
hin nh c).
1. Nhn cn: Con mt. Ch "Cn" c ngha l lm ch nng cho thc v
pht sanh ra thc. Nm cn, cn no cng c hai th: 1. Tinh t v bn
trong, gi l "Thng ngha cn", 2. Th ph, bn ngoi, gi l "Ph trn
cn".
Hnh tng ca con mt nh tri nho. Nghip dng ca n chiu soi cc
sc.
2. Nh cn: L tai. Hnh tng ca tai nh l sen non. Nghip dng ca
n hay nghe cc ting.
3. Ty cn: L mi. Hnh tng ca l mi nh hai ngn tay xui xung.
Nghip dng ca n hay ngi cc mi thm v hi.
4. Thit cn: Ci li. Hnh tng ca li nh trng li lim. Nghip
dng ca n nm cc v v ni nng ku gi.
5. Thn cn: Thn th. Ch "thn" c hai ngha: Tch t cc b phn v
lm ch nng cho cc cn. Nghip dng ca n l duyn xc trn. Nh
nng, nh, trn, nhm, ...
6. Sc trn: cnh b thy ca con mt. Ch "trn" c ngha nhim v bi
bm. Sc trn c 25 mn: 1. Xanh, 2. Vng, 3. , 4. Trng, 5. Di, 6.
Ngn, 7. Vung, 8. Trn, 9. To, 10. Nh, 11. Cao, 12. Thp, 13. Ngay, 14.
Xin, 15. nh sng, 16. Bng, 17. Sng, 18. Ti, 19. Khi, 20. Bi, 21. My,
22. M, 23. Cc lc sc (sc rt nh) v cc hnh sc (sc rt xa), 24.
Biu sc (sc, c nu ra c), 25. Sc h khng.
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7. Thinh trn: Ting, cnh b nghe ca tai. C 12 loi ting: 1. Ting: ci
tng b nghe ca tai (ni chung cc ting), 2. Ting va , 3. Ting
khng va , 4. Ting bnh thng (khng a ght), 5. Ting loi hu
tnh (ting ni), 6. Ting loi v tnh (ting cy, ...), 7. Ting thuc c hu
tnh v v tnh (nh ting trng do tay ngi ta nh), 8. Ting thuc v
th tc ni, 9. Ting thuc v ca Thnh gi, 10. Ting ca ngoi o ni
(do Bin k s chp), 11. Ting ni chnh (Thnh ngn)(nh tht c thy,
nghe, hay, bit th ni c thy nghe, hay v bit; khng thy nghe, hay,
bit th ni khng thy, nghe, hay, bit, nh th gi l 8 li ni chnh),
12. Ting vang.
8. Hng trn: Mi, cnh b ngi ca mi. C 6 th mi: 1. Mi thm, 2.
Mi hi, 3. Mi khng thm hi, 4. Mi t bn cht sanh (cu sanh
hng), 5. Mi do ch to m c (ho hip hng), 6. Mi do s bin i
m sanh.
9. V trn:V, cnh b nm ca li. C 12 th v: 1. V ng, 2. V chua, 3.
V ngt, 4. V cay, 5. V mn, 6. Vlt, 7. V va , 8. V khng va , 9. V
bnh thng, 10. V t bn cht sanh, 11. V do ho hip ch to m c,
12. V do bin i ma sanh.
10. Xc trn: Xc, cnh b bit ca thn. Xc trn c 24 mn: 1. t, 2.
Nc, 3. Gi, 4. La, 5. Nh, 6. Nng, 7. Nhm, 8. Trn, 9. Hn, 10.
Gp, 11. Lnh, 12. Nng, 13. Cng, 14. Mm, 15. i, 16. Kht, 17. No,
18. Sc lc, 19. Yu, 20. Bun, 21. Nga, 22. Dnh, 23. Gi, 24. Bnh, 25.
Cht, 26. m.
11. Php trn: Ci bng dng ca nm trn cn lu lai trong thic.
Ngha l khi mt khng cn thy sc, tai khng cn nghe ting, cho n
thn khng cn bit xc, m trong thc vn nh li bng dng ca 5
trn; ci bng dng ls php trn. Trong Duy thc gi l "lc t nh
t" (ci bng rt li). y l cnh b bit ca thc. Php trn c 5 loi:
1. Cc lc sc: Sc rt nh nh vi trn.
2. Cc hnh sc: Sc rt xa, nh thy tm tm m m.
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3. nh qu sc: Nhng sc tng do tu nh hin ra. Nh cc v B Tt,
khi nhp nh hin ra nc, la, th gii, ...
4. V biu sc: Sc khng nu by ra c; nh khi th gii, thc lnh
th m c, nn cng gi l "th s dn sc" (sc do th gii dn sanh).
5. Bin k s chp sc: Sc do thc vng tng phn bit sanh, chng
tht.
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BI TH MI
10 TM BT TNG NG HNH PHP (C 24 mn)
Tm bt tng ng hnh php, gi tt l "Bt tng ng hnh". Ch
"Hnh php" l nhng php thuc v "Hnh un". Hnh un l mt
trong nm un.
Ch "Hnh" l sanh dit di i; ch "Un" l cha nhm. Hnh un c
2 loi:
1. Tng ng hnh un, tc l cc tm s (51 mn). Ch "Tng ng" l
ng thun vi Tm Vng.
2. Bt Tng ng hnh un, tc l 24 mn "Bt tng ng hnh" sau
y; 24 mn ny khng tng ng vi tm, chng ch y ba phn: Tm
Vng, tm s v sc php m gi thnh lp.(Tam, phn v sai bit c).
1. c: c, tri vi mt. Th nh "Ti c ng xu", c nhin phi c
ng xu l "sc php", v nhn thc thy, thc phn bit l tm
php, cng vi cc tm s chung khil tm s php; phi c ba
phn nh th, mi thnh ngha "c".
2. Mng cn: Thn mng. Do nghip i trc ko dn, lm cho thn
thc th thn, sng trong mt thi gian hoc lu hay mau, gi l "mng
cn".
3. Chng ng phn:Cng nh ch "ng loi". Cc loi chng sanh
hoc hu tnh hay v tnh, loi no ng vi loi ny. Nh loi ngi
ng vi ngi; loi vt ng vi vt.
4. Di sanh tnh: Nhng loi sanh ra khc vi Thnh nhn, tc l phm
phu;ch khc gi "Phi c": Chng phm phu khng c Thnh qu.
Bi th nn gi "Di sanh tnh" hay "phi c" u c c.
5. V tng nh: nh ny dit ht cc tm vng v tm s ca 6 thc
trc. Song y ch gi "V tng" l v "tng" lm ch ng vy.
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6. Dit tn nh: nh ny khng nhng dit ht cc tm vng v tm
s ca 6 thc trc, m dit lun c phn tp nhim ca tm vng tm
s v thc th By.
V tng nh l nh ca phm phu; cn Dit tn nh l nh ca
Thnh nhn.
7. V tng bo: Ngi ci Dc tu V tng nh, sau khi mng
chung, ng bo thn ci tri V tng.
8. Danh thn: Tn hay danh t. C danh t n v danh t kp.
9. C thn: Cu. Do rp nhiu ting thnh cu; cu c ngn v di.
10. Vn thn: Ch. Ch l ch y ch ca danh t v cu.
11. Sanh: Sanh ra. Ngha l t hi no n gi khng c, nay mi c.
12. Tr: . Nhng vt sanh ra ri, cn lu li trong mt thi gian ,
cha dit.
13. Lo: Gi, suy yu gn cht.
14. V thng: Khng thng, bit danh ca cht.
15. Lu chuyn: Xoay vn, nhn qu trc sau ni nhau khng dt.
16. nh v: Nhn qu lnh, d kkhc nhau, khng ln lo.
17. Tng ng: ng thun vi nhau. Nh nhn no qu ny, cn xng
vi nhau.
(Hi: C 24 mn, u gi l "Bt tng ng hnh" ti sao mn th 17
ny li gi l "Tng ng"?_p: Ni "Bt tng ng" l phn bit 24
mn ny, khng phi l tng ng tm s.cn v mn th 17 ny m
gi l "Tng ng", l do Sc, Tm v Tm s ho hp m ni, nn
khng ng vi "Tng ng tm s" trc).
18. Th tc:Cc php hu vi xoay vn mau l nh chong chng.
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19. Th :Th lp, trt t khng c ln lo.
20. Thi: Thi gian: qu kh, hin ti v v lai.
21. Phng: Khng gian: ng, ty, Nam, Bc, t duy, thng h.
22. S: S lng. Nh: mt, hai, ba, bn cho n trm, ngn ..
23. Ho hp tnh: Cc duyn ho hp khng c tri nhau.
24. Bt ho hp tnh: Nhng php chng tri, khng ho hp vi nhau.
Ni tm li, t trc n y k 94 php: 8 mn Tm vng, 51 mn
Tm s, 11 mn Sc php, 24 mn Bt tng ng hnh, u thuc v
php hu vi c sanh dit bin i. Su php sau y thuc v v vi.
Ch "hu vi" l nhng g c to tc, c sanh dit, khng thng cn. "V
vi" l nhng g khng to tc, khng sanh dit, khng tng gim, vng
lng thng cn.
***
V. V VI PHP
(C 6 MN)
Php V vi khng sanh dit, khng bin i, khng phi nh cc php
hu vi l Tm vng, Tm s, Sc php, Bt tng ng hnh c sanh
dit bin i. Do cc php hu vi (94 mn) dit ri, th php v vi mi
hin by (T, s hin th c).
Tht ra, v vi khng phi c 6 php, song v theo tng kha cnh ca n
gii thch, nn t ra 6 tn.
1. H khng v vi: Chn nh hay Php tnh, khng th dng thc suy
ngh hay li ni lun bn c. N phi sc, phi tm, khng sanh dit,
khng cu tnh, khng tng gim nn gi l "V vi".
Bi n khng ng, khng php, ri cc cu nhim, rng rang nh h
khng, nn gi l "H khng v vi".y l theo th d m t tn.
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2. Trch dit v vi:Do dng tr hu V lu, la chn dit tr ht cc
nhim , nn chn nh v vi mi hin. V th nn gi l "Trch dit v
vi".
3. phi trch dit v vi:V vi khng cn la chn dit tr cc phin no.
C hai ngha:
a) Tnh chn nh vn thanh tnh, khng phi do la chn dit tr cc
phin no nhim mi c, nn gi l "Phi trch dit".
b) Cc php hu vi tp nhim, v thiu duyn khng sanh khi, nn
php v vi c hin. Bi th nn gi "Phi trch dit".
4. Bt ng dit v vi: t thin la c ba nh di, ra khi tam
tai (ao binh tai, ha tai, thu tai) khng cn b mng, gin, thng,
ght ...lm chao ng ni tm, nn gi l "Bt ng dit".
5. Th tng dit v vi: Khi c Dit tn nh, dit tr ht "th" v
"tng" tm s nn gi l "Th tng dit v vi".
6. Chn nh v vi: Khng phi Vng, gi l Chn (khng bin k s
chp); khng phi in o gi l Nh (khng y tha khi), tc l tht
tnh ca cc php (Vin thnh tht).
Trong lun i tha trm php ny, ngoi nhn hi hai cu:
Tt c php l g?
Th no l khng tht (v ng)?
T trc n y, Lun ch lc ni 100 php, tr li cu hi th
nht ri, sau y tr li v cu hi th hai.
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PHN TH HAI
NI "KHNG THT" (V NG)
Chnh vn
Ni "khng tht" (v ng), tm c 2 loi:
Nhn (ngi ) khng tht.
Php (vt) khng tht.
Ngi i chp tt c cc php tht c, tc l chp Ng (Tht). Chp
Tht (Ng) c hai:
1. Nhn (ngi) tht.
2. Php (vt) tht.
Chp thn ny tht c, gi l Nhn tht. Chp ni sng tt c cc cnh
vt bn ngai tht c, gi l Php tht.
Do chp tht c (ng) nn sanh ra tham, sn, si ri to ra cc nghip,
sanh t lun hi trong lc o. Bi th nn Pht ni:
"Tt c Php khng tht".
Ni "Tt c php" tc l bao trm c loi hu tnh v v tnh. Loi hu
tnh khng tht c l "Nhn khng tht". Loi v tnh nh hon cnh, s
vt khng tht c, l "Php khng tht".
KT LUN
T trc n y, lc ni 100 php th bao trm Nhn v Php.
Phm phu chp c Nhn v Php u tht c. Tiu tha ch chp Php
l tht c.
Trong lun ny ni: 8 mn Tm vng l t th ca thc v hn tt c
(nht th ti thng c). 51 mn tm s l phn s hu v tng ng ca
thc (d th tng ng c). 11 mn sc php l phn hnh bng, do
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Tm vng v Tm s hin ra (nh s hin nh c). 24 mn Bt tng
ng hnh l do ba phn: tm vng, tm s v sc php, phn chia ngi
th sai khc m gi lp (tam, phn v sai bit c). 6 mn v vi l do 4
mn hu vi trn (tm vng, tm s, sc php v bt tng ng hnh)
dit ht m hin by ra, tc l tht tnh ca thc (t, s hin th c).
Bi th nn bit: Ngi i chp "Nhn tht c" v "Php tht c" u
khng ngoi thc. Do m c Th Tn ni:
"Tt c Php khng khng tht" (V ng).
V "Mun Php Duy thc".
Vit xong li Pht Hc ng Nam Vit
Rm thng 6 nm K Hi (1959)
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B. DUY THC HC TP I
BI TH NHT
1. DUY THC PHNG TIN M
QUYN THNG
Tc Gi: ng i Vin
Dch Gi: Thch Thin Hoa
LI CA DCH GI
Cc Kinh sch trong o Pht c chia lm mi tn, m Duy Thc Tn
l mt.
Duy Thc Tn l mt mn hc phn tch v hnh tng ca tm l, hay
nht m cng l kh nht. Kh v rt nhiu danh t l v phn tch hnh
tng ca tm l rt tinh t, hn na n ni ln nhng vic m chng ta
cha quen nghe n. Ngoi ra n cn kh v vn chng khc chit, li
l qu tt gn, c nhng cu khng bit bao nhiu ngha. V vy m
ngi hc kh thm nhp, xa nay cc nh nghin cu ai cng lc u!
V mn Duy Thc ny, chng ti dch ra y, khng phi v c gi, m
dnh ring cho nhng hng hc gi. Ngha l: phi ngi c tm nghin
cu tm hc mi hiu c mn ny, ch nh ngi ch c sung qua
th kh m lnh hi.
Cc sch v v Duy thc rt nhiu, mun d dng cho hc gi, c nhin
trc ht phi t ca ng ri mi vo nh; t ni phng tin mi n
ch chn tht. Nh li C nhn dy: Mun i xa phi do ni gn, mun
ln cao phi t ni thp.
V th, nn trc ht chng ti dch quyn Duy thc Phng Tin m
ca ng ng i Vin, l mt nh hc gi Trung Hoa nhiu nm
nghin cu uyn thm v Pht php. Ong c bin ra nhiu loi sch v
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Duy thc, m Duy thc Phng Tin m l mt quyn sch rt d hiu
cho ngi mi hc. V vn chng bnh d, li trnh by c lp lang v
khoa hc, li dng nhng t d thng thng rt i chng.
Song chng ta cng nn nh: Duy thc hc l mt mn hc rt kh.
Ong ng i Vin v mun cho ngi d hiu, nn mi phng tin
trnh by. ni phng tin th chng ta khng nn chp l chn
tht.
Chng ti dch loi Duy thc ny v mun cho ngi d hiu, nn
khng hon tan dch st theo vn ch Hn-ngha l c on chng ti
dch ng theo vn, m cng c on dch theo , ct yu lm sao cho
xui thun theo vn ch Vit, ngi c c d hiu m thi.
C ch chng ti thm vo cho r ngha, m cng c on chng ti
phi ta bt i cho gn, xin c gi ch chp theo nguyn bn m bnh
phm s phin dch ca chng ti.
Mong ch c gi cng chng ti ng hiu Duy Thc Tng, ng
nhp Duy Thc Tnh, ng hu ci hon t tm, ci hon hon cnh,
chuyn Bt thc thnh T tr, tr thnh cnh gii ca bc i gic.
Pht Hc ng Nam Vit
Ngy K nim Pht A Di (1955)
Dch gi: THCH THIN HOA
LI NGUYN T
Sau khi Pht dit khong chm trm nm, c ngi V Trc i s ra
i ti Trung An , to ra b Nhip i Tha lunv.v
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Tam Thp Tngv.v
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Ong Chng Tnh c s em a cho ti xem v cy ti vit bi ta.
Ti c qua, rt mng! V thy li l r rng, li lp ngn hay kho,
ng lm mt quyn sch qu cjo ngi mi vo ca Duy thc.
Nhn y, ti vit i li tha vi cc bn hu ch.
Thng Hi, ngy 27-10 Dn quc nm th 13
C s TCH QUANG
LI TA
CA NG PHM C NNG KHI IN LI QUYN
DUY THC PHNG TIN M
C ngi khch n hi ti: Trong Pht hc ca ng thng nu hai
cu quan trng l: Ba ci Duy Tm, mun php Duy thc (1).. Ring
ti hiu hai cu ny, so theo nh Khoa hc th ni l Ci tc dng ca
tm l. Chng bit c ng nh vy khng?.
Ti tr li: ng nh th! Nh Khoa hc ni: Ci tc dng ca tm l.
Tc l bn Pht hc ni: Duy tm hay Duy thc vy.
Ngi khch hi tip: Nu nh vy, th ti rt nghi. Bn Khoa hc ni:
Ci tc dng ca tm l, l hon ton ch nhng vic h huyn khng
tht; nh ngi thy bng vnh chn m tng lm con rn (2). Cn ng
ni: Ba ci Duy tm. Mun php Duy thc . Nh vy cc s vt hin
tht trong th gian ny, cng u l ci tc dng ca tm l to ra,
khng tht c sao? Nu Tm thc qu tht c ci tc dng bin ha nh
th, th ti nay mun dng sc ca Tm thc, tng ci chn hin tin
trc mt y bin thnh quyn sch, ti sao khng c ?.
Ti p : Ong mun dng ci sc ca Tm thc no, khin cho ci
chn bin thnh quyn sch? Ong nn bit: Ci chn trc mt ng
cng l do Tm thc to thnh vy.
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Nhng Tm thc to thnh ci chn ny u phi mt, m c Tm
thc. Nh: 1. Nh c Nhn thc (ci bit ca con mt) mi to c
hnh sc ca ci chn. 2. Nh c Nh thc (ci bit ca l tai) mi to
c ci ting ca chn. 3. Phi c T thc (ci bit ca mi) mi to
c ci mi ca chn. 4. Phi c Thit thc (ci bit ca li) mi to
ci v ca chn. 5. Phi c Thn thc (ci bit ca thn) mi c th to ci
xc trn ca chn l: trn, nhm, nng, nh v.v< 6. Phi c thc mi
to c php trn ca chn l: tt xu, a ght v.v< 7. Li phi c
thc th By mi phn bit ci ny thuc ca mnh hay ca ngi. 8.
Li phi c Tng thc th Tm, mi to c bn cht ca ci chn (theo
Khoa hc gi l nguyn cht). Phi bao nhiu loi Tm thc ny, mi
to ra c s vt.
V li, c nhng vt ch mt mnh ng to ra c, c nhng vt phi
do mt s hu tnh chung li mi to c. Chng nhng phi bao
nhiu Tm thc ny, m cn phi tri qua mt thi gian lu xa, mi c
th to thnh c.
Nhng Tm thc to ra ci chn ny, chng loi n nhiu v ci
dng lc ca n cng phi lu xa nh vy; th m hm nay ng em ci
dng lc ca mt mn thc, li trong thi gian giy pht, m mun
cho ci chn bin thnh quyn sch th sao c?
Ong khch nghe xong ngc nhin hi: Ci tc dng ca tm l bn
trong cn phc tp nh th ? Vy th bn khoa hc ni v tm l,
khng th b kp ch su xa ca Pht hc. Song ti cn nghi: Nu vy th
nhng vt hin thc trong th gian y cng u l h huyn c v
ng do tc dng ca tm l bin ra, khng c mt vt g tht ht sao?
Ti p: Chnh th! Vy ng khng nghe trong kinh Kim Cang Pht
ni: Tt c nhng ci g c to tc ra, u nh chim bao, nh huyn
thut, nh bt nc v nh bng dng hay sao?
Ong ch bit ci tc dng ca mt Tm thc ( thc) l h gi, ch
ng cha bit ci tc dng ca ton th Tm thc (8 thc) cng u h
gi, nn ng ch nhn mt b phn ca thc l h huyn, m chp cc
b phn khc l chn tht. Nu ng hiu thu c ci tc dng ca
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ton th Tm thc (ca 8 thc), th ng s bit tt c vn vt u h
huyn, y nh ci tc dng ca mt b phn thc kia khng khc vy.
Bi v ngi i ang ng m trong gic mng, hm nay mi thc
c gic mng con, ch u bit mnh vn cn trong vng sanh t
i mng. Cng nh ngi i thuyn ch bit mnh ng, khng d
thuyn ng; trng thy b chy, m khng ng chnh l thuyn i.
Trc khi t t ra v, ngi khch ni rng: Nay ti mi bit tn Pht
hc ni v tm ltht l hon ton; bn Khoa hc ch bit c mt phn
t thi. Vy th ti xin s theo ng tm hc Pht php.
Ti tr li: Nu ng tht mun hc Pht, ti xin gii thiu: quyn Duy
thc Phng Tin m ca ng c s ng i Vin xut bn lu,
va c ci chnh li rt hon m v in cng gn xong. Vy ng nn
thnh xem s c ci ca i vo Duy thc hc.
Ngi khch p: Vng.
Khi khch v ri, ti lin ghi li cu chuyn ny, dng thay th li
ta.
Trung Hoa Dn Quc, nm th 20 thng ging
Vit ti nh bin tp ca Pht hc th cuc
PHM C NNG
CH THCH
i trong bi ta ny: ng khch ch hiu c mt ci thc ( lc)
m thi, ch khng bit c Tm thc; nn ng chp s tng tng ca
thc l gi, cn bao nhiu s vt l tht. n khi nghe ng Phm C
Nng ni: Thc c tm thc v tt c s vt hin tin cng u do tm
thc to ra, khng tht. Cho nn ng khch mi ngc nhin, v thy
trong Pht hc ni v tm l su xa v rng ri qu, khng phi nh bn
khoa hc ch bit c mt ci thc m thi, nn ng pht tm tm hc
Duy thc.
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(1) Ba ci Duy tm mun php Duy thc.
Ba ci l: ci Dc, ci Sc v ci V sc. Mun php l ch cho tt c s
vt hu hnh v v hnh. Ngha l tt c s vt hu hnh v v hnh
trong ba ci, u khng tht c, ch do Tm thc bin hin m thi.
(2) Ngi thy bng vnh chn m tng lm l rn.
Th xa v i Tn c ng Lc Qung, mi bn n nh ung ru,
v ban m thp n l m, ci vnh chn chiu bng vo chn ru,
ngi bn lm tng l con rn b. V sau c ngh l ng Lc Qung
thuc mnh, nn t pht bnh. Sau khi c ci chnh, ng bn bit l
do tng lm, nn lin ht bnh.
ni vic h huyn khng tht c, ch do tm tng tng m thi.
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BI TH NHT
1. DUY THC PHNG TIN M
QUYN THNG
Tc gi: NG I VIN
Dch gi: THCH THIN HOA
I. THUT LI BN NGUYN TO LUN
Ngi i khi xem n Duy thc hc, th lun lun ly lm kh khn;
v danh t v hnh tng ca Thc qu nhiu,khng th nh ht; li l
v ngha l li su xa, rt kh tm hiu. Cng c ngi c gng c,
nhng c mt cch rt kh khan, khng th v; ch c na chng ri
b d, khng xem ht quyn c.
Ngi hc Pht phn nhiu trnh ni kh, tm ch d; ch a ni
sung m khng chung n thc hnh. Bi th nn k th Nho ch l
ym th, cc nh Vt cht ch l tiu cc.
C nhng ngi hoc Pht, khng hiu T s ni (1) li ra sanh ra
chp on dit: cho tt c mi s vic l khng, ri mi vic tu hnh u
b ph.
Th nn ngi hc Pht khng hiu Duy thc nn Pht php suy i;
k th tc v khng hc Duy thc nn khinh bng Pht; Quc gia v
khng hiu Duy thc nn ri lon; nhn loi v khng hc Duy thc mi
o in.
Duy thc l mt mn hc rt quan trng nh th, nhng mun truyn
b, li khng bit lm sao! Ti v thng ci tnh t y, pht nguyn cu
i, nn vit ra quyn Duy thc Phng Tin m ny, mong cho k
tr, ngi n khi xem n, u bit mun php Duy thc, hiu ng
ngha l Chn khng rt ro ca Pht . Mi ngi hng hi vui o,
chm chm khng bit mi, lng ngi ln hi m thm ci i ( ci c
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li thin); phong tc chng cn sa i m c tt p, quc gia khng
tr pht m vn c thnh tr; nhng tai ho ln tiu, cc im lnh
mi ngy thm n, bc Thnh tr thnh hnh, chng Ma vng bt tch,
c th gii c ho bnh, ct yu l do mi ngi u hiu l Duy thc.
Cho nn ti vui mng v knh cn, trc ht ni mt bi tng cu
Tam Bo gia h:
Ci u ly Pht v B tt (2)
L ngi chng Duy thc tnh.
Nguyn dng nhng li phng tin ny,
Gii ni ngha rt ro ca Pht.
Ly Ngi bung ta ho quang sng,
Chiu ph ti tm trong th gian.
Chng ma np phc, tai ha tiu,
Tt c ng nc An Lc.
(1) T s ni: Tt c cc php khng tht c, ch do thc bin hin
l T mun ph tr cc m lm chp tht ca chng sanh. V chng sanh
chp cc php tht c, nn mi say m tham luyn, ri to ra cc iu ti
li. Ngi hc Pht khng hiu T, li sanh ra chp on dit: cho
khng c nhn qu ti phc v.v<
(2) Cu ny trong vn ch Hn Kh th mn phn tnh. Ch mn
l mn thanh tnh, tc l Pht. Ch phn tnh l phn thanh tnh tc
l B tt.
II. GII THCH TN DUY THC
Thc l g? Sao gi l Thc? y l cu hi ca nhng ngi cha
hiu Duy thc hc. Nay xin tr li vn tt: C mt ng lc (tc dng)
v hnh, ni ln th n trm c v tr, cn ni nh th cng khng ch
nh bng; n c cng nng nhn thc phn bit cc s vt sai khc, nn
ku l Thc. Nu trong v tr khng c ci ng lc (tc dng) ny, th
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ci g lm ging mi ch trng cho mun s mun vt. Vy chng ta
hy chn chn suy xt.
HI: Sao gi l Duy thc?
P: Tt c s vt trong v tr ny vn khng c nht nh l ci g hay
vt g c; ch do Thc ny n c tc dng, hay nhn thc phn bit cc
vt nh th ny hoc nh th kia, in tung tht c. Tht ra mun s
mun vt u do Tm thc bin hin, ch c gi tng m thi. Cng
nh ngi i ban m, thy ci bng ca mnh m nghi l qu v.v
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BI TH HAI
2. THNH LP TM THC
(C BN ON)
I. THNH LP NM THC TRC
Ai cng u bit: mi ngi u c mt, tai, mi, li v thn. Theo
nh Duy thc gi l nm cn th ph ( ngoi); n khng th pht sanh
ra Thc (ci bit) c. Trong nm Cn ph th, li c hm cha nm
Cn tinh t; nm Cn ny mi c th pht sanh ra Thc. Khi nm cn i
vi nm trn (sc, thinh, hng, v v xc) th pht sanh ra nm thc
(nm ci bit), chung li gi l 15 gii.
Nh khi con mt i vi sc trn sanh ra hiu bit cnh vt, th gi l
Nhn thc. Khi l tai i vi thinh trn sanh ra hiu bit ting tm, th
gi l Nh thc. Khi mi i vi hng trn sanh ra hiu bit mi, th
gi l T thc. Khi li i vi v trn, sanh phn bit v, th gi l Thit
thc. Khi thn i vi xc trn, sanh ra phn bit: to, nh, cng, mm
v.v< th gi l Thn thc.
Nm mn: sc, thinh, hng, v, xc v u c hnh cht, nn ku l
nm trn; hip vi nm cn trn, chung gi l sc php. Cn nm
Thc khng c hmh cht, ch nng theo nm cn khi ra phn
bit nn gi l nm Thc, cng gi l Tm php.
II. THNH LP THC TH SU L THC
Nm Thc trc ch phn bit c nhng cnh trong phm vi ca n,
ch khng th vt ngoi phm vi ca mnh, thay th cho Thc khc,
phn bit c cnh vt khc. Cng nh con mt khng th thay th
cho tai nghe ting c; tai khng th thay th cho mt thy cnh
c v.v< Ch c mt ci Thc, khng cn ni mt, tai, mi, li
v thn, m thng gip cho nm ch y pht sanh hiu bit. Hoc c
khi nm Thc trc khng c phn bit, m Thc ny c th thay th
cho nm Thc trc khi ra phn bit, l cng dng ca thc.
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Nh trong lc mt xem hoa nu khng , th thy hoa khng r; n
chng , lc by gi ci thy mi c r rng. Hay trong lc nghe
ting m khng , nn nghe khng r; n khi , th ci nghe
mi chc chn. y l nhng bng chng khi thc gip vi nm
Thc, thi lm cho nm Thc hiu bit c r rng.
thc i vi tt c php, c cng nng phn bit nh th, th quyt
phi c cn. Khi cn i vi php trn thi sanh thc; hip vi
nm cn, nm trn v nm Thc trc, cng thnh mi tm gii.
18 gii
1. Nhn cn i vi Sc trn sanh ra Nhn thc
2.Nh cn i vi Thinh trn sanh ra Nh thc
3.T cn i vi Hng trn sanh ra T thc
4.Thit cn i vi V trn sanh ra Thit thc
5.Thn cn i vi Xc trn sanh ra Thn thc
6. cn i vi Php trn sanh ra thc (tm php)
6 cn 6 trn 6 thc Sc php Tm php
III. THNH LP THC TH BY MT NA
thctuy khng hnh tng, m ci tc dng ca n rt mnh v
phc tp; cho nn nh Duy thc i vi ni dung ca Thc ny, li chn
chn kho st ci bn tnh v hnh tng ca n c ba b phn khng
ng nhau, cho nn thun theo th lp sp: Ci th su ngoi tn l
thc, ci th by gia tn l Mt Na thc v ci th tm trong
tn l A li da thc.
Ti sao bit chc ngoi l thc th su, gia l Mt Na thc th
by v trong l A li da thc th tm? V vn ny phi nghin cu
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rt nhiu, khng th dng mt vi li m gii thch xong c; nay ti
phng tin trnh by s lc.
Thng thng ngi i ni Tm l phn nhiu ch cho thc.
Nhng xt ci thc c gin on. Ngha l c khi sanh khi v c
khi khng. Vy th ngoi ci thc ny, quyt nh phi c mt b phn
khng gin on. Nu khng c b phn ny, th nhng ngi, khi
thc ca h b gin on khng sanh, h phi nh ngi tt th, cht.
Ngi tt th cht ri khng th sng tr li, th thc khi b gin on
lm sao li tip tc sanh khi li c? V th nn bit khi thc gin
on, quyt nh phi cn mt b phn khng gin on.
HI: Lm sao thy c b phn ny?
P: Do thy ci tc dng ca n. Khng lun mt loi vt no, lun
lun cng u chp c Ta. Nh chp: thn ta, nh ta, nc ta v tnh
mng ta v.v< Cho n nhng ngi t st hay gn cht, m vn cn
ni Ta liu mt phen cht, hay Ta sp cht v.v
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Li na, nm Thc trc u c cn, th Thc th su cng phi c
cn. Vy Thc Mt na ny l cn ca Thc th su, cho nn cng gi
l cn. ( Thc th su th gi l thc, cn Thc th by gi l
hay cn hoc gi l Mt na thc).
IV. THNH LP THC TH TM L A LI DA THC
Chng ta nn suy ngh k: chp c ta, tt nhin phi c ci chp
(nng chp) v ci b chp (s chp). Cng nh ni: cm vit, th
phi c ci tay cm v cy vit b cm; nu thiu mt th khng
thnh ngha cm. Ci chp (nng chp) l Thc th by Mt na,
th cib chp quyt nh khng phi su Thc trc, v su Thc trc
u c gin on. Ci chp ta (nng chp) bt lun ch no hay lc
no cng u c, khng bao gi gin on, th ci ta b chp cng phi
khng gin an. Bi th nn ci ta b chp, quyt nh ch c Thc
th tm, tc l A li da. V Thc ny lc no cng c, khng h gin
on. Trung Hoa dch l Tng thc (ci thc cha).
A li da m gi l Tng thc, v n hm cha ht ging ca tt c
php. Ht ging ca by Thc v ht ging ca mun s mun vt, u
t ni Thc ny m pht sinh. Nu khng c Thc ny cha ng, thi
by Thc trc khng thnh; cho nn nh Duy thc cng gi Thc ny
l Cn bn Thc.
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BI TH BA
3. NI LC CC TM S
(C NM ON)
I. NH R TN V NGHA CC TM S
Tm Thc u co oai lc rt t ti v t ch, cng nh ng vua,
khng c phc tng mt ai c; cho nn gi l Tm vng. Ong vua tuy
c th ban ra cc hiu lnh, nhng phi c cc quan, thi hnh cc hiu
lnh y, th mi tr an c. Tm vng cng th, phi c nhng Tm s
l thuc v Tm vng, vng mng lnh ca Tm vng lm tt c vic,
nn gi l Tm s (s hu ca Tm vng). Tm s vi Tm vng rt
ha hp nhau v u khng ri Thc. Cho nn gi: Duy thc tc l
bao trm c Tm vng v Tm s.
II. S LIN QUAN V H THUC GIA TM VNG V TM
S
Tm vng tuy c quyn lm ch v gi gn, m khng th t mnh to
nghip c nn phi c cc Tm s. Nhng lm ch nu khng chn
chnh, cng nh trn vua hn qun th di qun thn l cc Tm s,
c nhin phi lm lon. Chnh nh ngi i v Tm mnh khng
t ch, nn b tham, sn, si ni ln, to ra cc nghip trm cp, st
hiv.v< khng th km ch c.
Nu Tm s khng vng mng lnh ca Tm vng, tri li cn lm
phn lon th Tm vng phi b nguy him. Nh ngi i ni: V
tham ti li, nn tr khn m. Ngha l ni: Do Tm s tham to
nghip, lm cho tr khn ca Tm vng phi b m. Hay c ch gi:
Tm b sai khin tc l ch cho Tm s to nghip, sai khin Tm
vng vy.
Th nn phi bit: Tm s cng Tm vng rt quan h mt thit. Tuy
c thng h phn nh giai cp nh th, nhng i khi Tm s cp
quyn, th Tm vng phi b nguy him. Cng nh v Quc vng b
Quyn thn chp chnh th khng khi ci ha mt nc. Mt bng
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chng: nhng ngi v qu tham ti hiu sc, nn tm tr ca hphi b
cung lon.
c Khng T cng ni: Bit c vic nhn, m lng nhn khng
gi c, tuy c vic phi, ri cng mt . c Khng T ni nh
th, l ch cho Tm vng tuy bit c vic nhn ngha, nhng khng
c thin Tm s gip gi gn th quyt khng th bo tr c
vic lnh.
III. A V V S LNG CA CC TM S
Cc Tm s v a v c thn v s, nn chia lm su loi, v v trch
nhim khng ng nhau, nn phn ra n 51 mn.
Su loi Tm s
1. Bin hnh- 5 mn
2. Bit cnh-5 mn
3. Thin-11 mn
4. Cn bn phin no- 6 mn
5. Ty phin no-20 mn
6. Bt nh- 4 mn
C nhng Tm s rt thn mt vi Tm vng, khng lun ni no hay
gi pht no, u khng ri Tm vng; cng nh ngy
trc chc Tha tng thn cn vi vua, hay ngy nay cc B
trng rt mt thit vi Th tng, tc l 5 mn Tm s Bin hnh. Ch
Bin hnh ngha l: i khp, gip tt c. C 4:
1. Khp gip tt c thi gian (qu kh, hin ti, v lai).
2. Khp gip tt c Thc (tm thc)
3. Khp gip tt c gii (tam gii)
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4. Khp gip tt c a v (t phm n Thnh)
IV. NM MN BIN HNH
Nm mn Bin hnh l: 1. Xc, 2. Tc , 3. Th, 4. Tng, 5. T. Nm
mn Tm s ny, bt lun Tm vng no khi ln, n u chung khi
c. Nh Nhn thc Tm vng khi mi xem hoa; lc u tin tip xc
vi cnh hoa, th l c Xc Tm s
Chung cng ri. K c mt ci nhc nh Nhn thc xem hoa, l
Tc Tm s chung khi. Ri cm th cnh ny kh hay vui tc l
Th Tm s. Tip li tng tng ci hnh tng ca hoa v t
nhng danh t ku gi: y l vt g? Hoa hay khng phi hoa?
l Tng Tm s tng ng. Rt sau ngh tnh ton; hoc dng hay
b, l T Tm s chung khi.
V. NM MN BIT CNH
Trong nm mn Bin hnh, hai Tm s, Tng v T tuy c ci
nn tng to nghip, nhng cha thy r rt s thc hnh; cho nn
sau nm mn Bin hnh li c nm mn Tm s Bit cnh. Ch Bit
cnh ngha l: mi mn u duyn mi cnh gii v to nghip ring
khc. Nm mn Bit cnh l: 1- Dc, 2- Thng gii, 3- Nim, 4- nh,
5- Hu.
Dc l: Mun. Mun nhng ci g mnh ang mong mi, nh thy
quyn sch mun c v.v<
Thng gii l: Bit r. Nh khi c sch hiu r cc ngha l.
Nim l: Nh. Nh hm qua c sch, ngy nay nh li.
nh l: Chuyn ch. Nh khi c sch, chuyn ch khng ngh nh
mt vic g khc.
Hu l: Tr hu. Khi c sch nh tm yn nh, nn pht sanh ra Tr
hu.
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V th lp sanh khi ca nm mn Tm s ny c lin quan nh th;
c th ly mt vic c sch thy r. Nhng nhim v u khc, v
mi mn duyn mi cnh; cng nh ngi i phn cng lm vic, mi
ngi u c mi trch nhim khc nhau.
Cn c theo y m suy xt, th Tm vng hon ton khng th to
nghip c. Cng nh v vng trong chn lp thnh nghim
nht, khng lm vic g c, ch ra cc sc lnh m thi. Nh nm mn
Bin hnh Tm s gip vi Tm vng mi thnh c s to
nghip. Cng nh quan Tha tng vng mng lnh ca Vua, gi
chiu ch xung cc b. Ri do nm mn Bit cnh Tm s, mi mn
u lnh mi nhim v; cng nh cc B li lnh s mang ri ty thi
thi hnh.
Nm mn Tm s Bin hnh ch c nhim v: 1- Trn, tha lnh ca
Tm vng; 2- Ban b xung cho cc cp di. Cho nn n cng vi tm
thc Tm vng ng tnh v k. Ngha l khng nht nh thin hay
c.
Cn Tm s Bit cnh, v mi mn gi mt trch nhim cho nn c
ba tnh l Thin, c v V k. Ngoi ra cn mi mt mn Tm s
Thin, ch chuyn mn lm vic lnh, cng nh cc v Trung thn. Li
c su mn Cn bn phin no v 20 mn Ty phin no, chuyn
to cc nghip c, cng nh cc Quan li tham . Li c nhng Tm s
khng nht nh thin hay c, tc l bn mn Bt nh: Hi, Min,
Tm, T. Cng nh mt chc Quan c v lng chng n lng,
khng c ch trng g nht nh, ai bo th no cng cho l phi.
Tn ca 51 mn Tm s:
1. Bin hnh Tm s, c 5: 1- Xc, 2- Tc , 3- Th, 4- Tng, 5-T (D
nh chc Tha Tng).
2. Bit cnh Tm s, c 5: 1- Dc, 2- Thng gii, 3- Nim, 4- nh, 5- Hu
(D nh cc B li).
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3. Thin Tm s, c 11: 1- Tn, 2- Tm, 3- Qu, 4- V tham, 5- V sn, 6-
V si, 7- Tinh tn, 8- Khinh an, 9- Bt phng dt, 10- Hnh x, 11- Bt hi
(D nh cc v Cng Thn).
4. Cn bn phin no, c 6: 1- Tham, 2- Sn, 3- Si, 4- Mn, 5- Nghi, 6- c
kin (D nh cc v Gian Thn).
5. Ty phin no Tm s, c 20: 1- Phn, 2- Hn, 3- Ph, 4- No, 5- Tt, 6-
Xan, 7- Cung, 8- Sim, 9- Hi, 10- Kiu, 11- V tm, 12- V qu, 13-
Tro c, 14- Hn trm, 15- Bt tn, 16- Gii i, 17- Phng dt, 18- Tht
nim, 19- Tn lon, 20- Bt chnh tri (D nh cc quan li tham ).
6. Bt nh Tm s, c 4: 1- Hi, 2- Min, 3- Tm, 4- T (D nh cc v
Quan lm vic lng chng n lng).
Hai loi Tm s, Bin hnh v Bit cnh ti ni s lc ri; cn
Thin Tm s, Cn bn phin no, Ty phin no Tm s, Bt nh Tm
s, bn loi Tm s ny, xin c gi nn bit s lc danh t v ngha,
i n quyn sau ti s ni r hnh tng v cng dng ca n.
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BI TH T
4. KINH NGHIM DUY THC
(C NM ON)
I. EM VIC NGM THI CH R L DUY THC
Ti cn nh mt bi thi ca mt thi s i ng nh vy:
Thiu tiu ly gia lo i hi.
Hng m v ci tn mao thi;
Nhi ng tng kin bt tng thc,
Tiu vn khch tng h x li (lai).
DCH NGHA: Khi cn tr i xa qu hng, n lc tui ga tr v
nh. Ting khc khng khc, nhng tc ru li bc. Cha con thy nhau
ma li chng bit nhau. Tr con ci hi: Ong t u n?
Nay em ba ch Chng bit nhau trong bi thi ny, gii thch
ch thc trong Duy thc. Theo Duy thc , ni ch thc ngha l
hiu bit phn bit. a con ng khi thy cha tt nhin phi c ci
hiu bit phn bit, nn mi bit ngi ny chng quen bit. Vy th
ch thc l hiu bit phn bit.
Trong bi thi ny ch ni mt ch thc; nu chnh chn xt ci ca
bi thi ny, cng c th ch r tm thc. Nh trc nht dng tai nghe
ting, bit ting ni khng khc l Nh thc. K dng mt xem,
bit ru tc bc, l Nhn thc. Khi cha con gp nhau, mt thy tai
nghe, a nh li nghi ng: ng ny l ai?. Ci Tm nghi ng l
thc. Cho nn ch bit trong ba ch chng bit nhau, l ci
thc.
Ci thc ny thng cng vi nm thc trc chung khi, nh khi
nghe ting l Nh thc. Khi phn bit y l ting ni quen hay
khng quen. Th l c ci chung khi ri. Khi con mt va thy bit ru
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tc, l Nhn thc. n lc phn bit ru tc ny bc hay khng bc,
l thc chung khi ri.
V ci thc cng vi nm thc trc ng thi chung khi, cho nn
trong lun Duy thc gi l: Ng cu thc. Ngha l phm Nhn,
Nh, T, Thit, Thn nm thc, ty mmt Thc no khi ln, th lin c
thc ng khi chung khi.
II. CHNG MINH C NG CU THC
Ly mt vic ngm thi ny chng minh, cng c th chia thc ra
lm hai loi:
1. c u thc: Ngha l ch mt mnh thc khi ln, khng c
chung cng vi nn thc trc. Nh khi mt khng thy cnh, tai chng
nghe ting v.v< m vn khi vng tng phn bit cc cnh vt.
2. Ng cu thc: Ngha l thc chung cng vi nm thc trc
khi, nh tn ni: cng gi l Minh liu thc ( thc phn bit r
rng).
c u thc hay Ng cu thc mi ci li chia lm nm:
thc:
1- c u thc (n c thc):
a) Mng trung thc ( thc trong khi chim bao)
b) Tn v thc ( thc khi tn lon)
c) nh trung thc ( thc trong khi nh)
d) Suy trung thv ( thc trong khi suy tnh)
e) Cung lon thc ( thc trong khi in cung)
2- Ng cu thc (Minh liu thc):
a) Nhn cu thc ( thc cng vi mt chung khi)
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b) Nh cu thc ( thc cng vi tai chung khi)
c) T cu thc ( thc cng vi mi chung khi)
d) Thit cu thc ( thc cng vi li chung khi)
e) Thn cu thc ( thc cng vi thn chung khi)
Do y c th chng minh nm thc trc khng th ring khi, m
quyt phi c thc ng thi chung khi. Bi v nm thc trc ch c
T tnh phn bit, nn khng th phn bit c cc gi danh. Duy
thc mi cK t phn bit (tnh ton so o). Phm tt c vt ha
hp u do thc so o phn bit, ba t ra cc gi danh. Nh khi
nghe ting, th ci Nh thc ch phn bit c ting thi; cn so o
phn bit cc gi danh: ting hay ting d, phi quy v.v< l cng
nng ca thc. Cho nn khi Nh thc sanh, th quyt c thc chung
khi; cn T, Thit, Thn v.v< cc Thc kia khi khi ln cng vy.
III. SUY NGHIM C THC TH BY V THC TH TM
Nh trn ni r ba Thc: mt, tai, ; nhng cng c th ch r c
Thc th by v Thc th tm. Nh ngi lm thi bit: Khi cn tr
xa qu hng, n gi ri mi tr v nh, ting ni khng i, nhng
ru tc li bc. Th l t tr n gi, mt dng sanh dit tip tc, khng
bit bao nhiu ln thay i, nhng ci Ta vn y nguyn; ci Ta
tc l Thc th tm, tn A li da. Chnh trong kinh Gii Thm Mt ni:
Thc A na rt l tinh t; cc chng t trong thc ny sanh dit nh
dng nc thc
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thnh ra ng ch. Cng th, ci chn tng ca Thc th Tm vn nh
thng, khng c cht g bin i, chng qua v Thc th By chp lm
Ta, cho nn Thc th Tm li bin thnh Ng i chp tng.
V. NGUYN DO C NG TNG
Nh Duy thc hc nghin cu n ch cng tt, mi t c ci tn
ca Thc th Tm (A li da) ny. Chng phm phu v ngoi o ni
rng: Ti hay thn th Ti, tc l ch cho thc A li da. Thc ny tc
l Pht tnh, cng ku l Nh Lai tng. Do Thc th By chp Ta, nn
n bin thnh tp nhim, th ku l A li da hay Ng i chp tng.
Nu Thc th By khng chp Ta th n li thanh tnh, nn gi l
Nh Lai tng hay Pht tnh.
Thc th Tm
1- V Thc th By khng chp ng, nn Thc th Tm ny c thanh
tnh, gi l Nh Lai tng hay Pht tnh.
2- V Thc th By chp ng, Thc th Tm ny thnh tp nhim, nn
gi l A li da hay Ng i chp tng.
S d thnh phm phu hay ngoi o l do Thc th By chp Thc
ny l ch nhn (ta). Cn su Thc trc l quyn thuc ca ng ch,
ngoi gip ng ch to tc cc nghip. Cho nn trong kinh Gii Thm
Mt ni: Ta (Pht) i vi k phm phu khng ging ni thc ny, v s
chng phn bit chp lm Ng. Pht ni k phm phu nh ngi
gi ca, khng h thy ng ch su xa bn trong; nu ging ni n
phn thm t bn trong (Thc th Tm) th chng li thm chp ng
cng lm, cho nn th khng ni cn hn.
Bi th, nn trong ba tng mi hai b Kinh, ni ph ng chp v
trong Duy thc ni ph ng chp, php chp, phn ln l ph ci
chp ca Thc th By ny. Trong kinh Kim Cang ni bn tng: ng
tng, nhn tng, chng sanh tng v th gi tng, cng thuc v
ci chp tng ca Thc th Su v Thc th By. Nu nh ph tr
c ci chp tng ca Thc th By, cng nh ui anh gc, m ca
em ng ch nh ra, v khng cn anh gc ca (t) nn khng ai gi
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ng l ng ch na, ch ku ng l ngi, nh bao nhiu ngi
khc. V th trong kinh Pht ni: Pht v chng sanh bnh ng khng
hai. Bn Thin tng ni: p b thng keo sn (ph chp), khi t ng
ri, ng vi khi cha ng. Mt li ni ny c th gii quyt t nhiu
nghi nan, nh ni: Sanh t tc l Nit bn hay Phin no tc l B
v.v< u c th ly y suy xt.
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BI TH NM
5. EM VIC CHIM BAO XT NGHIM L DUY THC
(C BA ON)
I. PHNG TM VI DUY THC
Mt hm tri gn sng, ti nm chim bao thy mt trng hc, cc
hc sinh ang lm reo. Thy gio nhm cc hc sinh ti ging ng
din thuyt v mi ti ln din n din ging.
Ti suy ngh chng hc sinh ny tnh tnh nng ny bo ng, khng
th dng l lun m gii by c, chi bng ni mt vi cu chuyn c
l th cho chng nghe cn hn. Lc by gi ti mi ni rng:
-i vin ny l k v hc, cng khng c ti din ging, nhng ti ch
nh s si c vi cu ca Thy Mnh nh vy: Ci o hc vn
khng g l, ch tm phng tm (vng) tr li m thi. Vy th ci
phng tm rt l h trng! Thn khng tu cng v phng tm, nh
khng t (yn) cng v phng tm, nc khng tr (lon) cng v phng
tm. Chnh nh ngy hm nay cc tr lm reo, cng v khng bit tm
ci phng tm ca mnh tr li, th tc khc khng c vic g c. Ti
sao cc tr khng bit tm ci phng tm? V cc tr khng bit ci
hc vn tm phng tm. Ci hc vn tm phng tm , tc l
Duy thc hc vy.
c Khng T v thy Mnh u c bit Duy thc hc, chng qua cc
Ngi khng ni n danh t Duy thc m thi, nn ngi i chng ai
bit.
Nh trong Lun ng ni: Lng lng m ghi , hc khng bit nhm,
dy ngi chng bit mi, u c ni Ta ? Ni nh th l v cc
Ngi tinh bc c Duy thc hc ri. Trc ni mnh m thm
chng c, nn hc m khng bit nhm, n khi hc gii ra dy
ngi khng bit mi.
c cng phu nh th, th bit rng cc Ngi ph c ng chp
ri, cho nn mi ni rng: u c ni Ta ?
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Thy Mnh sn c kh tng i tha, chng qua kh cn th s, nn
Thy ch ging ng s si vi cu. Nh ni rng: Mun vt u ni
Ta
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Theo nh Duy thc thng dng ba tnh ny m ph phn tt c cc
php, ci no chn, ci no gi. C th ly vic chim bao trn, chng
minh 3 mn t tnh ny.
Ba mn T tnh:
_Y tha khi tnh (cc php duyn khi)
_Bin k s chp t tnh (m lm vng chp)
_Vin thnh tht t tnh (gic ng)
Ngi i ang trong m di sanh t, m mang ni trng i
mng, nn thy no l quc gia, chnh tr, nhn vt, ti snv.v< u
chp l tht c, khng tin Duy thc bin hin. Hm nay ging v Duy
thc hc l ku ngi sm tnh gic i mng, dng phng tin
chng minh mun s mun vt u do Duy thc bin hin. Nu ngi
nhn c r l Duy Thc ri, th cng nh ti tnh gic mng trc kia,
khng i ngi ni m ti cng t bit cc vt trong chim bao u
khng t c, ch do tm bin hin m thi (Y tha khi). Khi t b ci m
lm vng chp tht c ri, (Bin k s chp) th cc ngi hiu bit mi
ng s tht, nn gi l Vin thnh tht.
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BI TH SU
6. LC GII CC LI VN NN CA NGOI NHN
(C SU ON)
T trc n y, ti dn chng rt nhiu ch r ngoi cnh khng
c; nhng e ngi i cn nhiu ch nghi ng, nn ti phng tin lp
nhng li vn p gii cho rnh r.
I. XEM NI, DO THC BIN HIN
HI: Nu qu tht cc cnh vt ngoi u do trong Thc bin hin,
vy th khi chng ta ch ny (nh in B) thy c mt qu ni; khi
chy n mt ch khc (nh bin Ba ng) cng dng Thc ny tng
ni, sao li chng thy c ni? V ci Thc tng ni lc no cng
tng, sao li chng lun lun thy c ni? Li na, nh nhiu
ngi ng thi ng bn ni, ch c mt ngi tng ni, cn bao
nhiu ngi khng tng, ti sao bao nhiu ngi cng u thy ni?
P: Ngi vn nn c nh th, k ra cng c hc vn nghin
cu kh lm, ti rt hoan nghinh.
Ti thong th hi gn li rng: Ong khi ng chim bao thy cc cnh
vt: ch ny ni, ch kia nc, ch n ch, lng v.v< u phi thy ch
no cng u ni c? Ngoi nhn tr li: Phi. Ti hi tip: Li na,
trong khi chim bao, c khi ng thy ni, c khi khng thy, u phi
lc no ng cng u thy ni? Ngoi nhn tr li: Phi. Ti lin ni
thng rng: Hin nay ti vi ng, ng trong vng sanh t i mng,
cho nn phm thy ni, sng, t lin v.v< u do Thc bin hin,
cng ng nh trong gic mng mt th, cho nn khng th mt
mnh ci Thc ca ng, m bin sanh ra cnh vt khc c.