Durham Uni Boundary&Water July2010
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Transcript of Durham Uni Boundary&Water July2010
Durham July 2010
Aquifers know no human boundaries – Aquifers know no human boundaries – just the hydraulic ones…a dilemma for just the hydraulic ones…a dilemma for
hydro diplomacy ?hydro diplomacy ?
Shammy PuriShammy PuriSecretary General, International Association of HydrogeologistsSecretary General, International Association of Hydrogeologists
Chair, IAH TARM CommissionChair, IAH TARM CommissionCo Chair UNESCO-ISARM ProgrammeCo Chair UNESCO-ISARM Programme
Boundaries & Water
Durham July 2010
Solving the dilemma of boundariesSolving the dilemma of boundaries
Is there only one answer to the problem…?
Prisoners
dilemma….
Complex branching passage through which the solver must find a route…..
Durham July 2010
Approach Approach Perceptions about boundares in daily lifePerceptions about boundares in daily life Implicit / explicit – culture, language, customsImplicit / explicit – culture, language, customs In the world of Science – smooth transitions?In the world of Science – smooth transitions? In a ‘globalised world’ of interdependence – food In a ‘globalised world’ of interdependence – food
flowsflows Aquifers and their resourcesAquifers and their resources A “trialogue” - roles, rules, regulations & financeA “trialogue” - roles, rules, regulations & finance Knowledge pyramid - ? Could change the paradigm?Knowledge pyramid - ? Could change the paradigm? REALLY useful boundary… & challengesREALLY useful boundary… & challenges
Durham July 2010
The Dilemma of BoundariesThe Dilemma of Boundaries Water circulates continuously and Water circulates continuously and seamlessly on the Earth, however seamlessly on the Earth, however various research areas were divided various research areas were divided such as oceanography, hydrology, such as oceanography, hydrology, meteorology and glaciologymeteorology and glaciology ..
Water is also separated by numerous human-made boundaries (national borders, vertical administrative systems and so on). When these human created boundaries disrupt natural water circulation, water-related environmental problems can be invoked.
Durham July 2010
Perceptions Perceptions
Explicit boundaries
SEEN Implicit boundaries
- UNSEEN Intuitive
Boundaries – Cultural & customary
Blurred boundaries – adapted boundaries
Study of natural phenomenon
Study of human phenomenon
Multi disciplinarity rules!!.............. Or does it ??
Durham July 2010
Enigma of water in Enigma of water in transboundary contexttransboundary context
WATER ignores political / admin boundariesWATER ignores political / admin boundaries WATER evades institutional classificationWATER evades institutional classification
How many municipal water supply agencies also How many municipal water supply agencies also manage agricultural / industrial demands?manage agricultural / industrial demands?
WATER eludes legislative generalisationsWATER eludes legislative generalisations International Water Law / International Court of International Water Law / International Court of
Justice: limited record in resolving transboundary Justice: limited record in resolving transboundary water issueswater issues
… … but GROUNDWATER, is a hidden resource, consists but GROUNDWATER, is a hidden resource, consists of ca. 90% of all accessible freshwater of ca. 90% of all accessible freshwater and in a transboundary context poses multi dimensional and in a transboundary context poses multi dimensional
facets for analysisfacets for analysis
Durham July 2010
Classification, categorisationClassification, categorisation & conceptualisation & conceptualisation
Durham July 2010
Global freshwater: Global freshwater: in ice caps, rivers & aquifersin ice caps, rivers & aquifers
Durham July 2010
Transboundary flowsTransboundary flows•Disi Programme 1989 – 1995•Exploration drilling 18000m overall•Drilling depths 1600m, several hundred hours of pump testing•Water temp at depth 60oC•Four phases of model development•Supply to Amman by 350km•Production: 80 wells av depth 800m•Resource reliability to 200 years•Shared resource with Saudi Arabia
Is this a local regional or a global concern……….??
What worldwide programme is there to answer.. the IAH &
the IHP..?
Durham July 2010
Transition of IHP’s phases:Transition of IHP’s phases:
1996-2001 IHP-V1996-2001 IHP-VHydrology and Water Resources DevelopmentHydrology and Water Resources Development
in a in a Vulnerable EnvironmentVulnerable Environment
2008-2013 IHP-VII (operational)2008-2013 IHP-VII (operational)Water Dependencies:Water Dependencies:
Systems under StressSystems under Stress and and Societal ResponsesSocietal Responses
1990-1995 IHP IV1990-1995 IHP IVHydrology and Water Resources Sustainable DevelopmentHydrology and Water Resources Sustainable Development
in ain a Changing EnvironmentChanging Environment
2002-2007 IHP-VI2002-2007 IHP-VIWater Interactions:Water Interactions:
Systems at RiskSystems at Risk and and Social ChallengesSocial Challenges
Science to policy in the IHPScience to policy in the IHP
Durham July 2010
THEME V:THEME V:Water EducationWater Education
for Sustainable Developmentfor Sustainable Development
New Initiatives:II, III, IV, VTHEME IV:THEME IV:
Water and Life Support SystemsWater and Life Support Systems
THEME III:THEME III:Ecohydrology for SustainabilityEcohydrology for Sustainability
THEME II:THEME II:Strengthening Water GovernanceStrengthening Water Governance
for Sustainabilityfor Sustainability
THEME 1:THEME 1:Adapting to the Impacts of Global Changes Adapting to the Impacts of Global Changes
in River Basins & Aquifer Systemsin River Basins & Aquifer Systems
Water Dependencies: systems under Water Dependencies: systems under stress & societal responses (stress & societal responses (IHP-VIIIHP-VII))
EducationEducation & C & Capacity Buildingapacity Building
Key Theme:I
HydrologicalHydrologicalResearchResearch
Water ResourcesWater ResourcesMManagementanagement
Shared water resources:
ISARM & PccP
Durham July 2010
ISARM Programme (2000 – 2009): ISARM Programme (2000 – 2009): Multi disciplinary integrated approachMulti disciplinary integrated approach
UN GA Rosolution: Use of Transboundary Aquifers
Sharing countries will work together… to ensure the continued, sound functioning of aquifer systems and will reduce the risks to the integrity of an aquifer system
Inventory process well advanced,70 in Americas, >30 in Africa, 90 in Europe, ?? In Asia
Current focus, till the culmination of the
Programme
Durham July 2010
GlobalisationGlobalisation& Interdependence& Interdependence
Gingerbread biscuits
Chocolate covered biscuits –Small packs
Sweet biscuits
Chocolate covered waffles
Potatoes (fresh, not new)
Fresh boneless chicken
Milk & cream
Import to UK Export from UK
Durham July 2010
Far flung food….Far flung food….
The transboundary flow of water, often groundwater in …. the far flung food
Durham July 2010
Food Food (for us) (for us) grown in grown in foreign lands foreign lands – new paradigm?– new paradigm?
Durham July 2010
A “trialogue” across boundariesA “trialogue” across boundaries
Physical landscapes
Climate variability & risks
Sustainable Water Resource
Management for ‘Community’ Use
Regulations
Society Economy
Users
, Irri
g In
d IFI’s, GEF ODA
Polit
ical
forc
esSector tenisons
History & culture Poverty alleviation
From the farmer to the
global markets
Durham July 2010
ConstraintsConstraints
Source: Kyle C Robertson (2004)
Obstacles to cooperation –
at the local level and
scaled up to international
relations
Durham July 2010
Almost all countries have Almost all countries have transboundary aquifers…transboundary aquifers…
2. Kupa
3. Kupa
4. Una
5. Cetina
6. Neretva
7. Sava1. Dragonja
30.Pelagonija& 31.Florina
Gevgelija 32.
Sandansky34.
9. Backa & Banat
10. Srem.
12. SW Serbia
11. West Serbia
13.
20. Central Serbia
14.
29.
16. Gaber-Nesla17. Znepole18. Tran
15. Zemen
Dojran.33 35.Gotze
Delchev36.Orvilos
37.Nastan38.Smolyan
39.Rudozem40.Erma Reka
46.Rezovska
45.Malko Tarnovo
41.Svilengrad42.Orestiada
43.Svilengrad44.Topolograd
25. Vjosa
26.Pagoni27.Mourgana
28.
19. East Serbia
8
47.Meric
Middle Sarmatian-Pontian GWB .22
23.Sarmatian & 24.Upper Jurassic-Lower Cret.GWB
21.Upper Pannonian-Lower Pleistocene
2. Kupa
3. Kupa
4. Una
5. Cetina
6. Neretva
7. Sava1. Dragonja
30.Pelagonija& 31.Florina
Gevgelija 32.
Sandansky34.
9. Backa & Banat
10. Srem.
12. SW Serbia
11. West Serbia
13.
20. Central Serbia
14.
29.
16. Gaber-Nesla17. Znepole18. Tran
15. Zemen
Dojran.33 35.Gotze
Delchev36.Orvilos
37.Nastan38.Smolyan
39.Rudozem40.Erma Reka
46.Rezovska
45.Malko Tarnovo
41.Svilengrad42.Orestiada
43.Svilengrad44.Topolograd
25. Vjosa
26.Pagoni27.Mourgana
28.
19. East Serbia
8
47.Meric
Middle Sarmatian-Pontian GWB .22
23.Sarmatian & 24.Upper Jurassic-Lower Cret.GWB
21.Upper Pannonian-Lower Pleistocene
Durham July 2010
Typologies for boundariesTypologies for boundaries
Ground Water Table
Imper
mea
ble Lay
erAquifer
Impermeable Layer
STATE ASTATE B
Border River
Model #1
Ground Water Table
Imper
mea
ble Lay
er
Aquifer
Impermeable Layer
Model #2
STATE A
STATE BTrans-B
order
River
Ground Water Table
Imper
mea
ble Lay
erAquifer
Impermeable Layer
Model #3
STATE B
"Domestic" River
STATE A
STATE ASTATE B
Ground Water Table
Aquifer
Impermeable Rock Formations
Model #4
Ground
Water
Table
Model #5
STATE ASTATE B
Line of Confinement
Impermeable LayerConfined Aquifer
Impermeable Layer
Impermeable Layer
Confined AquiferImpermeable Layer
RECHARGEZONE
Durham July 2010
Knowledge pyramidKnowledge pyramid
Country inventories of aquifers that extend across national boundaries
Joint multiple country identifications of shared aquifers
Sub regional initiatives & collaboration eg Americas, SADC, SE Europe & others
Global synthesis: WHYMAP
International Instruments: ILC Articles
How do we
transpose the
Articles into
national &
regional
polices??
Durham July 2010
Which boundaries areWhich boundaries are REALLY useful? REALLY useful?
How to incorporate this to ensure that land owners get the benefit
Durham July 2010
ISARMISARM & ‘boundaries’ & ‘boundaries’
Boundaries are seen & unseen….Boundaries are seen & unseen…. The science community seem to communicate The science community seem to communicate
across boundaries: both of seen & unseenacross boundaries: both of seen & unseen Cross Community Collaboration requires Cross Community Collaboration requires
patience and perceptiveness [CCC – PP]patience and perceptiveness [CCC – PP] A globalised world will disregard boundaries – A globalised world will disregard boundaries –
flow of capital transcends boundariesflow of capital transcends boundaries A globalised world insists on boundaries for self A globalised world insists on boundaries for self
preservationpreservation
Durham July 2010
ChallengesChallenges
Common pool resources: …..put into practice the Common pool resources: …..put into practice the lessons of historylessons of history
Conceptualization of the ‘local’ to ‘global’ Conceptualization of the ‘local’ to ‘global’ mantramantra into into some meaningful & effective actions & instrumentssome meaningful & effective actions & instruments
Blurring – inter digitating and inter twining the unseen Blurring – inter digitating and inter twining the unseen and the intuitive boundaries/barriersand the intuitive boundaries/barriers
Converging the ‘globalisation’ of the world with Converging the ‘globalisation’ of the world with ensuring planetary sustainability ensuring planetary sustainability
Durham July 2010
Thanks you for your attention !Questions? Contact: [email protected]/water/isarm www.iah.org/isarm
The valley of Susamyr in Tien Shan
mountanis…