*Phn 2DC LIU CHA ANTHRANOIDi hong4. Mung truNhu5. Tho quyt minhPhan t dip 6. L hitham kho : 1- H th 2-Cht cht3-Ba kch 4-ct kh c

*

*NOI DUNG1. nh danh thc vat & dc lieu2. Mo ta thc vat, bo phan dung 3. Thanh phan hoa hoc chnhAnthranoidTannin4. Chiet xuat 5. nh tnh 6. nh lng Theo DVN IITheo DVN III7. Tac dung sinh hoc Cong dung

*La

*Toan cay

*1. NH DANHai hoang gm nhieu loai thuoc chi Rheum, ho Polygonaceaepalmatum : hnh ban tayofficinale : dc dung

*2. MO TACay: than thao, ln (2 m)La: la ln (30 cm), moc thanh cum t than re, cuong dai, co be cha (Polygonaceae), mep la xe thuy chan vt sau (R. palmatum sau hn R. officinale), mat di noi gan o tm nhat.Than re: rat phat trien (bo phan dung)Hoa: ngon, thng moc thanh chumQua: co 3 canh

*Hnh ngon cay mang hoa

*La va ngon hoa

*PHAN BO- Trung quoc, chau Au- Viet Nam con phai nhapTHU HAI

*BO PHAN DUNGRhizoma RheiThan re a cao vo, say kho cua cac loai ai hoang- Rheum palmatum L.- Rheum officinale Baillon- Rheum palmatum officinale, ho Polygonaceae

*BO PHAN DUNGRhizoma Rhei

*Soi bt

*3. THANH PHAN HOA HOC @. Aglycon (anthraquinon)- anthraquinon t do dang oxy hoa- anthraquinon dimer dang kh

@. Glycosid (anthraglycosid)- glycosid dang oxy hoa- glycosid dang kh (anthron, anthranol)- glycosid dang dimerChu yeu : anthranoid (3% - 5%) va tannin (10%, PC > PG)

khoang 0.1 0.2%khoang 2 4%

*THANH PHAN HOA HOC@. Anthraquinon t do dang oxy hoaR6 R3- Chrysophanol H Me- Aloe emodin H CH2OH- Rhein H COOH- Emodin OH Me- Physcion OMe Me

*THANH PHAN HOA HOC@. Glycosid vi aglycon dang oxy hoa hay dang kh- chrysophanol- Aloe emodin- Rhein- Emodin- PhyscionOH gan glucose@. Glycosid hoac aglycon dang dimer kh- Rheidin A, B, C, - Sennidin A, B, C, - Palmidin A, B, C,

*Cu tao cua cac dimer aglycones

Anthron 1va Anthron 2 Tao thanhRheinAloe emodinRheinRheinSennidin A va BSennidin CEmodinRheinRheidin AChrysophanolRheinRheidin BPhyscionRheinRheidin CAloe emodinEmodinPalmidin AAloe emodinChrysophanolPalmidin BEmodinChrysophanolPalmidin C

*Cau truc cac dimer anthrones Cac dimer aglycon

*Cau truc cac dimer glycosid. Cac dimer glycosid

*4. NH TNH4.1. Phan ng Borntrager :cua anthraquinon (t do va mi sinh)cua chrysophanol (t do va mi sinh)4.2. Phan ng tao chelat vi Mg acetat4.3. Phan ng vi Pyridin MeOH 4.4. Th nghiem vi thang hoa (ket hp vi Borntrager)4.5. nh tnh so sanh 4.6. nh tnh phan biet

*5. NH TNH4.5. nh tnh so sanh

*5. NH TNHKhi lan loai Rheum rhaponticum hay R. undulatum : se co Rhaponticosid (xanh da tri sang / UV 365) kiem tra bang SK G vi he BAW (4 : 1 : 5) / UV mau th T a b lan rhaponticosid4.6. nh tnh phan biet D Phap

*6. NH LNG6.1. Phng phap Auterhoff (DVN II)Thuy phan trc tiep vi AcOH bang, va ether un soi 15 phut hoi lu (Sinh han nc rat lanh)- e nguoi, tach lay ether .- lac dch ether vi dd (NaOH + NH3)- Tach lp kiem (mau o), un hoi lu 15 - o quang (550 nm) - So sanh vi dung dch giai mau CoCl2- (A cua d.dch CoCl2 1% # A cua d.dch istizin 3,6 ppm)ai hoang phai cha 2,5% anthranoid, tnh theo Istizin

*6. NH LNG- Chiet m (g) mau bang nc nong cach thuy.- e nguoi, them Na bicarbonat, lac, loc lay dch- Oxy hoa bang FeCl3 2% nong, thuy phan (HCl nong)- Chiet aglycon bang ether, can ether + Mg acetat / MeOH- o o hap thu A 515 nm (khong dung chuan)- Ket qua c tnh trc tiep X% = 64 A / 100mai hoang phai cha 2,2% anthranoid (tnh theo rhein)Mun nh lng cac anthranoid acid ta lc dch chit ether vi Na bicarbonat ;

6.2. Phng phap DVN III, 2002

*7. TAC DUNG VA CONG DUNG - Dang kh / dc lieu ti co tac dung kich ng can lu kho- Hoat chat thc s (/ ai trang) : aglycon dang kh mi sinh- C che : nhu ong c trn (ruot, t cung, bang quang ...)- Tac ong sau khi uong : cham (nhuan, xo , tay)- chuyen hoa : co qua sa, mt t qua gan, chu yeu : phanChu y:- Khong dung : thai phu, ang hanh kinh, ang cho con bu, tr- Ngi co nguy c ket soi oxalat, viem bang quang- Dung lau : tao bon- oi khi nc tieu va phan bi nhuom hong

*- Cac vi khuan tai ruot gia cat Sennoside A, B, C, D (8 O-glycosid) + (Sennidin)- Sennidin b kh tiep rhein anthron + anthron khac co tac dung nhuan tay.- Sau khi uong khoang 8 h : co tac dung.- Sau 24 h thai tr : ng tieu (30%), phan (20%)- T 24 48 h : lng thai ch con khoang 2%- Tang thai : nc tieu, Natri va Kali

*7. TAC DUNG SINH HOC- Cac anthraquinon (Rhein, Emodin, Aloe emodin) c che Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus.- Rieng Rhein (co COOH) c che cac vi khuan yem kh chu yeu cua he tieu hoa (nh c che c che chuoi ho hap te bao tai giai oan ty the) can tr chc nang kh cua NADH dehydrogenase)Emodin khang khoi u va chong di can cua te bao ung th (2006)Lieu dung : 0,1g (Bo); 0,15g (nhuan); 0,5-2g (So)

MT VI BI THUC THNG DNG*Tr chng lipid huyt cao: dung con chiet xuat ai hoang , lam thanh vien 0,25g,moi ngay uong luc sang sm 3 vien x 3 tuan, kt qua tt; s bnh nhan tri glyceride va beta-lipoprotein cao t kt qu 76%; Tr chung trng v thc nhiet, tao bon :ai hoang : 10 - 15g, Hau phac : 8g, Ch thc :8g, sac uongMang tieu : 10g ( hoa ung) neu bung chng;Tr chan thng do te nga:i hong, ng qui lng bng nhau tn bt mn, 10g x 2 ln/ngy, ung vi ru. Tr bong gn, huyt au do t ng, trong ung ngoi xoa.Tr xut huyt tiu ha trn: dng bt (vin hoc sir) i hong mi ln ung 3g, ngy 3 ln ,kim tra phn m tnh hoc dng tnh nh mi thi ung, Bnh qun thi gian cm mu l 2 ngy,

*

PHAN TA DIP

*

*

*Cassiaangustifolia(L hp)

*Co 2 loai thng dung:Cassia angustifolia Vahl., Phan ta dip n Cassia acutifolia Del., Phan ta dip Ai cpCy: nho, cao n 1 m, moc thanh bui.La: kep lng chim chn, loai C. acutifolia co t 4 5 i la chet, C. angustifolia co 5 8 i, inh nhon.Hoa: moc thanh chum nach la, canh mau vang, co 10 nhi, co 3 nhi lep.Qua: loai qua u det, cha 6 8 hat1. M TA

*1. C iM THC VTPhan t : Cassia angustifiolia Vahl. (L hp)Cassia acutifolia Del. (L nhn)

Phan ta l hpPhan ta l nhnNgun gcArabPhi chuTrng nhiu n Ai cpL, quadi, hpngn, mpS l cht nhiu hnit hnVit Nam+++

*@. Cac anthranoid dang t do (0,05 0,10%)Rhein, aloe emodin, chrysophanol@. Cac dimer anthranoid (2-3%):Sennosid A, B = dirhein anthronSennosid C, D = rhein anthron + aloe emodin anthron@. Cac flavonoid: kaempferol, isorhamnetin@. Cht nha: gy au bung, tan trong cn va nc nong nhng bi tua khi ngui. Do o cn ngui va loc loai nha trc khi ung.2. THANH PHN HOA HOC

*Sennosid A, BSennosid C, D(homo-dianthron)(hetero-dianthron)rheinrheinrheinaloe emodinhot cht chnh

*3.1. Phn ng Borntraeger (Anthranoid + kim mu )3.2. Sc k lp mngDch chm: dch cn Phan t dipH dung mi: n-propanol-EtOAc-nc (4:40:30)Pht hin: phun HNO3 25%, sy 120 OC/10 pht, phun tip dung dch KOH 5%/ cn 50 %. Kt qu phi cho 2 vt nu ta ca sennosid B (Rf 0,1-0,2) v 2 vt sennosid A (0,3-0,35).Tin hnh song song vi mu chun 3. INH TNH

*SC K LP MNG mu = dch chit cn nc bn = silica gel F254 hdm = n-PrOH EA H2O (4 : 40 : 30) sau khai trin : - oxy ha vt = HNO3 nng, sy kh - hin mu vt = KOH / ROH so vi 05 vt chun sennosid A, B, C, D v rhein glucosid

*4. INH LNGPhng phap D Phap 1972 - Chiet m (g) mau bang nc nong cach thuy.- Acid hoa = HCl, lc vi CHCl3, loi CHCl3.- e nguoi, them Na carbonat, lac, loc lay dch- Oxy hoa bang FeCl3 10%, thuy phan (HCl nong)- Chiet aglycon bang ether, can ether + KOH 1N- o o hap thu A 500 nm - o hp thu ca 1 dd chun 1,8-diOH anthraquinon bit nng . - Tnh kt qu, bit 1 mg 1,8-diOH anthraquinon ~ 1,797 mg sennosid.

*NH LNGbt PTDdch nc nngdch nc aciddch thy phn + oxy hadch ether ln acid, muidch ethercn etherKOHmu + vi git HCl, ra = Cf (loi chlorophyll + AQ + nha) Na2CO3,(pH 7-8) + (FeCl3 + HCl, )chit kit = Et2Ora = H2Oo Abs. 500 nm// dd. chun Istizin1 mg Istizin # 1,8 mg sennosid

*TAC DUNG & CNG DUNGCng dung chu yu : nhun tyUng: Co tac dung sau 8 12 gi (thut: tac dung nhanh hn)C ch: Kiu AQ (tng nhu ng c trn) - kich thich tiu hoa (1 2 gam la) - nhun trang (3 4 gam la) - ty, x (5 7 gam la)Chu y: Loai bo cht nha (gy au bung) bng cach ra vi ru, lanh dich nc . . .S dung: La (chu yu); Qua (bo hat); Sennosid A, B.Chng chi inh: Kiu AQ

*Tc dng kch thch tiu ho, nhun v ty tu theo liu s dng.Liu gip tiu ho: 1-2 g lLiu nhun: 3 4 g lLiu x: 5 7 gChng ch nh i vi ngi c thai, vim t cung, bng quang.Dng dng: thuc hm hoc thuc tht. Tuy nhin nn ra cn hoc lc loi nha trc khi dng trnh au bng.

5. TC DNG V CNG DNG

Lc mu v ty c c th bng Tr PHAN T DIP*i vi nhng ngi b bnh gan nh vng da, x gan, p xe gan, vim gan Hepatitis A,B,C,E hay ung th gan.. s c du hiu chn n v khi xt nghim ch s men gan SGOT v SGPT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase v serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) tng cao hn bnh thng gp 2-5 ln lm tiu hy t bo gan.Du hiu khi bnh khi no th ch s men gan gim. Tt c cc bnh gan sau khi ung Phan T Dip vi liu cao 12g/ln, ngy ung 2 ln, b Phan T Dip vo 1 ly nc si ngm 30 pht, hay nu si cho thuc thm ra tr thnh nu hng m, ung ht 1 ln mt ly, vn n ung bnh thng, khi i cu ra phn en lng tiu chy, tip tc ung cho n khi i phn d dng v phn khng lng nt na m tr li phn do, mu vng, th ngng. Khi i th men gan SGOT, SGPT gim xung bnh thng th khi bnh.Ung phng bnh th liu 4g/ ngy c tc dng lc mu v gim men gan.

*

MUNG TRU

*

*

*

*Tn khoa hc: Cassia alata L. FabaceaeDng cy: nh; cao 1,5 m 3 m, thn g mm, d = 10-12 cm.L: l kp lng chim chn, di 30-40 cm, c t 8-14 i l cht hnh trng, gc v nh l u trn.Cm hoa: mc thnh bng di 12-14 cm, rng 5-6 cm, mang cc hoa mu vng sm.Qu: loi qu u, di 8-16 cm, c 2 cnh sut theo chiu dc ca qu, bn trong c 40-60 ht.

1. M T

*@. Trong l c cha cc dn cht anthranoid: chrysophanol, aloe emodin, rhein, emodin.@. Trong r c 2 dn cht anthraquinon c phn lp:1,3,8-OH, 2 CH3-anthraquinon (1)1,5-OH, 2-CH3, 8-OCH3, 3-O-glucosyl anthraquinon (2)@. Kaempferol

2. THNH PHN HO HC(1)(2)

*L c tc dng nhun v ty tu theo liu s dng.L cn dng cha hc lo bng cch gi nt ri xt vo ni b nm.3. TC DNG V CNG DNG

*

THO QUYT MINH

*

*

*

*

*1. M TTn khoa hc: Cassia tora L. FabaceaeCy: nh, cao 30-90 cm, mc hoang nhiu ni trong nc.L: kp, lng chim chn, gm 3-4 i l cht, l km hnh si di 1 cm. L cht hnh trng ngc.Hoa: mc k l, mu vng, c t 1-3 chic.Qu: loi qu u hnh tr, di 12-14 cm, trong cha vi chc ht

*2. B PHN DNGB phn dng l ht gi 3. THNH PHN HO HCHt cha ch yu l cht bo v anthranoid:Chrysophanol Aloe emodinPhyscion RheinEmodinCc glycosid ca cc aglycon trn

*3. THNH PHN HO HCNgoi ra cn cha mt s dn cht khng thuc nhm anthranoid nh:Rubrofusarin nor-rubrofusarinRubrofusarin 6-gentibiosidtoralacton4. CNG DNGng y dng cha au mt , mt m, chy nhiu nc mt, qung g.Cn dng ch nhc u, mt ng, gii nhit, b thnLu : khi s dng nn sao vng loi bt cht c

*Aloe vera L.Aloe ferox Mill.Asphodelaceae(Alloen = ng, ting Arab)

*

*

*1. M T THC VTAloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger, Asphodelaceae

Aloe vera L.Aloe ferox Mill.Thn cao< 0.5 m2 5 mtHoa mu vngmu L c gai mpmp + diC nhiu Vit NamNam Phi

*Aloe spp.Chi Aloe 180 loi 04 loi dng lm thuc.Trong 04 loi ny, c 02 loi thng dng

Aloe vera L. = A. vulgaris Lam. = A. barbadensis Mill. = L hi BarbadeAloe ferox Mill. = Bitter Aloe = L hi x Cape

*Aloe vera L. Aloe ferox Mill.

*

*Aloe veraAloe ferox

*3. CCH THU HI - CH BiN3.1. Thu hoch nha L hi - Phng php th s - Phng php hin i3.2. Ch bin Bt l L hi2. B PHN DNG2.1. Dch c c t l = Nha L hi = ALOE2.2. Gel ca l; Bt l (sau khi thu nha)

*L HI

*

*

*

*x l L hi

*co ly gel

*

*

*3.1. Cc OMA - aglycon (aloe emodin; dch ti khng c) - C-glycosid (barbaloin ** = aloin A + aloin B) - glycosid hn tp (aloinosid) 3.2. Cc glycosid khc - aloenin, aloesin3.3. Carbohydrat (mono- v polysaccharid **) - ng ch l cc PS kiu gluco-mannan3.4. Khong, vitamin, enzym, lignin, saponin, sterol, amino acid, salicylic acid. 3. THNH PHN HA HC

*aloinosidhomonatalosid3. THNH PHN HA HCaloe emodinbarbaloin **

*4. NH TNH NHA L HI4.1. Ph.ng Borntraeger (+ kim) : anthranoid ni chung

4.2. Ph.ng Schouteten (+ Na borat): anthranoid dng kh

4.3. Ph.ng vi ddch Brom

4.4. Phn ng Klunger (+ ddch CuSO4)

4.5. Ph.ng vi acid periodic; acid nitricPhn bit 2 loi L hi

*4.2. Phn ng Schouteten4. NH TNH NHA L HIdch nc t nha L hi loi tp = bt Talc+ bt Na boratpha long / nch.quang vng sng(di UV 365 nm)4.3. Phn ng cng hp vi Bromdch nc t nha L hi+ ddch Br2ta mu vng

*4.4. Phn ng Klunge (A. vera // A. ferox)4. NH TNH NHA L HIdch nc t nha L hi+ dd. CuSO4NaCl / EtOH mn bn (vera) vng (ferox)4.5. Phn ng vi HIO4 (A. vera // A. ferox)dch nc t nha L hi+ HIO4 1% bn (vera)hng* (ferox)* mt sau 1 h

*4.6. Phn ng vi HNO3 (A. vera // A. ferox)dch nc t nha L hi+ HNO3 nu (vera)xanh vng (ferox)(DVN III)

*4.7. Sc k (SKLM hay SKG)Dung mi : phn cc (barbaloin >> aloe emodin)Pht hin : - phun, nhng d.dch Na borat hay KOH/cn- soi UV 365 nm

4.8. Th tan - trong ammoniac long- trong cn 60%4. NH TNH NHA L HI

*5. NH LNG BARBALOIN5.1. Phng php o quang trc tip ( 390 nm) - kt hp SKG, so vi chun - kt hp SKLM, so vi chun

5.2. Phng php o quang gin tip - th.phn + oxy ha = FeCl3 + HCl 4N aloe emodin - chit dch thy phn bng CCl4 - +NaOH 1N; dch kim em o quang 512 nm - so vi dung dch chun Mg acetat 0.5% / MeOH

*5. NH LNG BARBALOIN5.3. Phng php DVN III (2002) p. 401 Lm m bt Nha L hi = MeOH Chit bng nc nng (60 0C 30) Oxy-ha + thy phn bng (FeCl3 + HCl ; BM 4 h) Chit AQ bng Et2O C cn, + d.dch Mg acetat 0.5% / MeOH o Abs. 512 nm (// mu trng l MeOH) Hm lng hydroxyanthracen (quy v barbaloin %) quy nh : nha A. vera 28%; A. ferox 18%

*6. TC DNG V CNG DNG6.1. Nha L hi (giu AQ) - thng mt, tr tiu ha - nhun, ty (kiu AQ : sung huyt, k thai . . .)6.2. Gel l L hi (rt t AQ) - khng khun, khng vim - cha phng, mau lnh so - m phm6.3. Bt l L hi (X) - nga v tr to bn

*

*PHN LP ANTHRANOID T R NHAUdamnacanthalnor-damnacanthal

Bt r Nh

Dich chit c

Lp tua

anthranoid

EtOH.H2O

c thu h

VLC, Si-gel / DCM

cac AQ

SKC, Si-gel / Benzen - DCM

*365254365 + 254DNDDNDDND

*

*

**