Drug Identification and Enforcement

FTO Damon Dees 184BJH Dept. of Public Safety

Identify Drug Schedules Identify Drug Categories and Examples Identify Signs and Symptoms Identify Missouri Criminal Code

Lesson Objectives

Each of the controlled substances is identified under one of five schedules.

Controlled Substances and appropriate schedules listed under RSMo §195.017

Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III Schedule IV Schedule V

Drug Schedules

Schedule I Drugs• High potential use for abuse and no accepted

medical use or lacks accepted safety for use in treatment under medical supervision.

• Examples:• LSD, Marijuana, Heroin, GHB, Methaqualone aka Quaalude,

Amphetamine Variants aka Ecstasy, Psilocybin aka shrooms, Phencyclidine & Anologs aka PCP

Drug Schedules

Schedule II Drugs• High potential for abuse but has a currently

accepted medical use (Opium is an example)

• Examples:• Amphetamine, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Methyl-phenidate aka

Ritalin, Tetrahydrocannabinol aka THC, Codeine, Methadone, Morphine, Opium, Oxycodone

Drug Schedules

Drug Schedules Schedule III Drugs

• A less potential for abuse but has a currently accepted medical use and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence, or high psychological dependence (amphetamines are an example)

• Examples:• Ketamine, Anabolic Steroids

Drug Schedules Schedule IV Drugs

• Low potential for abuse – may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence (diazepam or certain concentrations of codeine are examples)

• Examples:• Benzo- diazepines aka Xanax or Valium

Drug Schedules Schedule V Drugs

• Similar to Schedule IV, but specifically includes preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic drugs.

• Examples from RSMo §195.017 (a) Not more than two and five-tenths milligrams of diphenoxylate and not less

than twenty-five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit; (b) Not more than one hundred milligrams of opium per one hundred milliliters

or per one hundred grams; (c) Not more than five-tenths milligram of difenoxin and not less than twenty-

five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;

CNS Depressants CNS Stimulants Hallucinogens Dissociative Anesthetic Narcotic Analgesics Inhalants Cannabis

Drug Categories

Alcohol Barbiturates (Mebural and Nembutal) Benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

CNS Depressants

Signs and Symptoms

CNS Depressants

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – Present Vertical Gaze Nystagmus – Present in high dose Lack of Convergence – Present Pupil Size – Normal (1) Reaction to Light – Slow Pulse – Down (2) Blood Pressure – Down Body Temperature – Normal Muscle Tone – Flaccid1 – Soma & Quaaludes usually dilate2 – Quaaludes & Alcohol may elevate

CNS Depressant Signs

Uncoordinated Disoriented Sluggish Thick, slurred speech Drunk like behavior Gait ataxia Drowsiness Droopy Eyes Fumbling

CNS Depressant Symptoms

CNS Depressants

Barbiturates

Cocaine/ Crack Amphetamines, Desoxyn, Dexadrine

*(ADHD) Methamphetamines Ritalin Adoral

CNS Stimulants

CNS Stimulants

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – None Vertical Gaze Nystagmus – None Lack of Convergence – None Pupil Size – Dilated Reaction to Light – Slow Pulse – Up Blood Pressure – Up Body Temperature – Up Muscle Tone - Rigid

CNS Stimulant Signs

Restlessness Body Tremors Excited Euphoric Talkative Anxiety Grinding Teeth (Bruxism) Loss of Appetite Insomnia Irritability Dry Mouth

CNS Stimulant Symptoms

CNS StimulantsCocaine

Meth

CNS Stimulants

CNS Stimulants

Ice Meth

CNS Stimulants

CNS Stimulants

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, “LSD” Psilocybin Mushrooms Peyote Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA,

“Ecstasy”

Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – none Vertical Gaze Nystagmus – none Lack of Convergence – none Pupil Size – Dilated Reaction to Light – Normal (3) Pulse – Up Blood Pressure – Up Body Temperature – Up Muscle Tone – Rigid3 Certain psychedelic amphetamines cause slowing

Hallucinogen Signs

Dazed Appearance Body Tremors Synesthesia (4) Hallucinations Paranoia Uncoordinated Nausea Difficulty in Speech Perspiring Poor Perception of Time and Distance Memory Loss4 – Brain’s misinterpretation of senses

Hallucinogen Symptoms

HallucinogensEcstasy

HallucinogensLSD

Hallucinogens

LSD

Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens

Ketamine Phencyclidine “PCP”

Dissociative Anesthetic

Dissociative Anesthetic

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – Present Vertical Gaze Nystagmus – Present Lack of Convergence – Present Pupil Size – Normal Reaction to Light – Normal Pulse – Up Blood Pressure – Up Body Temperature – Up Muscle Tone - Rigid

Dissociative Anesthetic Signs

Perspiring Warm to the Touch *Blank Stare Difficulty in Speech Incomplete Verbal Responses Repetitive Speech *Increased Pain Threshold Cyclic Behavior Confused and Agitated Hallucinations Possibly Violent & Combative

Dissociative Anesthetic Symptoms

Dissociative Anesthetic

Dissociative Anesthetic

Heroin Morphine Oxycotin Demerol Fentanyls

Narcotic Analgesics

Narcotic Analgesics

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – None Vertical Gaze Nystagmus – None Lack of Convergence – None Pupil Size – Constricted Reaction to Light – Little or None Visible Pulse – Down Blood Pressure – Down Body Temperature – Down Muscle Tone - Flaccid

Narcotic Analgesic Signs

Droopy eyelids “On the Nod” Drowsiness Low, slow raspy speech Dry mouth Facial Itching Euphoria Nausea Fresh puncture marks Track marks

Narcotic Analgesic Symptoms

Narcotic Analgesics

Narcotic Analgesics

Narcotic Analgesics

Volatile Solvents◦ Glue, acetone, gasoline

Aerosols◦ Hair spray, cooking spray

Anesthetic Gases◦ NO₂ , ether

Inhalants

Inhalants

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – PresentVertical Nystagmus – Present in high doseLack of Convergence – PresentPupil Size – Normal (5)Reaction to light – SlowPulse – UpBlood Pressure – up/down (6)Body Temperature – up/down/normalMuscle Tone – flaccid5 Normal but may be dilated6 Down with anesthetic gases – up with volatile solvents & aerosols

Inhalants Signs

Residue of substance around mouth and noseOdor of substancePossible nauseaSlurred SpeechDisorientationConfusionBloodshot, watery eyesLack of muscle controlFlushed faceNon-communicativeIntense headaches

Inhalants Symptoms

Inhalants

Marijuana Hashish

Cannabis

Cannabis

Signs and Symptoms

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus – noneVertical Nystagmus – noneLack of convergence – presentPupil size – dilated (7)Reaction to light – normalPulse – upBlood Pressure – upBody Temperature – normalMuscle Tone – normal7 Possibly normal

Cannabis Signs

Marked reddening of conjunctivaOdor of MarijuanaBody tremorsEyelid tremorsRelaxed inhibitionsIncreased appetiteImpaired perception of time & distanceDisorientationsPossible paranoia

Cannabis Symptoms

Cannabis

Cannabis

Columbian

Nepalese

Thai

Cannabis

Maui

Cannabis

Cannabis

Chapter 195 RSMo defines and regulates the use of controlled substances.

http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/c195.htm

Missouri Criminal Code

A person commits the crime of possession of a controlled substance if he/she:◦ Knew of the presence of the substance; AND◦ Knew of the illegal nature of the substance;

AND◦ Had actual or constructive possession of the

substance; AND◦ The substance was a controlled substance.

Penalty varies

§195.202 Possession or control of a controlled

substance, penalty.

A person to whom or for whose use any controlled substance in Schedule II has been prescribed, sold, or dispensed by a physician, dentist, podiatrist, or pharmacist, or other person authorized under the provisions of section 195.050 and the owner of any animal for which any such drug has been prescribed, sold, or dispensed, by a veterinarian, may lawfully possess it only in the container in which it was delivered to him by the person selling or dispensing the same.

§195.110 User of controlled substance to keep it

in container in which obtained.

Knowingly◦ Distributes; OR◦ Delivers; OR◦ Manufactures; OR◦ Produces

A controlled substance; OR Attempts to

◦ Distribute; OR◦ Deliver; OR◦ Manufacture; OR◦ Produce

A controlled substance; OR Knowingly possesses with the intent to

◦ Distribute; OR◦ Deliver; OR◦ Manufacture; OR◦ Produce

A controlled substance

§195.211 Distribution, delivery, manufacture or production of a controlled substance,

violations and attempted violations, penalty.

A person commits the crime of possession or use of drug paraphernalia if he/she:◦ Uses, or possesses with the intent to use◦ Paraphernalia;◦ To plant propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest

manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body

◦ A controlled substance or imitation controlled substance.

§195.233Use or Possession of Drug Paraphernalia

A person commits the crime of possession of ephedrine if he/she:◦ Possesses any methamphetamine precursor

drug; AND◦ Possesses such substance with the intent to

manufacture methamphetamine or its analogs.

Class D Felony See §195.400 for list of regulated chemicals

§195.246Possession of Ephedrine

It is unlawful for any person to possess chemicals listed in subsection 2 of section 195.400, or reagents, or solvents, or any other chemicals proven to be precursor ingredients of methamphetamine or amphetamine, as established by expert testimony pursuant to subsection 3 of this section, with the intent to manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, or otherwise alter that chemical to create a controlled substance or a controlled substance analogue in violation of sections 195.005 to 195.425.

A person who violates this section is guilty of a class C felony.

The state may present expert testimony to provide a prima facie case that any chemical, whether or not listed in subsection 2 of section 195.400, is an immediate precursor ingredient for producing methamphetamine or amphetamine.

§195.420Creation of Controlled substance

When dealing with unknown pills call Poison Control and they can Identify them by the numbers on the pill.

1-800-392-9111

Additional Information

Corporal Scott Connor – Sullivan Police Dept. ◦ Instructor at The Law Enforcement Training

Institute at the University of Missouri – Columbia www.erowids.org

Special Thanks to: