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![Page 1: Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California Presented to: CA Association for Criminal Justice Research March 17, 2005 Presented by: Kiku Annon, MA, WestEd.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ee75503460f94bf7bd3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California
Presented to:CA Association for Criminal Justice
Research
March 17, 2005Presented by: Kiku Annon, MA, WestEd
Prepared by: Beth Finnerty, MPH, UCLA ISAP
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Drug Use in the General CA Population
State and National Estimates from the National Survey on
Drug Use & Health
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Past Month (Any) Illicit Drug Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003
NSDUH
9.0%
U.S. Average 8.3%
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
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Past Month Illicit Drug Use (other than Marijuana) Among Persons Aged 12 and Older:
2002-2003 NSDUH
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
U.S. Average 3.7%
3.9%
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Past Month Marijuana Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003
NSDUH
6.5%
U.S. Average 6.2%
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
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Past Year Cocaine Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003 NSDUH
2.5%
U.S. Average 2.5%
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
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Rates of Any Past Year Illicit Drug Dependence/Abuse: CA vs.
US
0123456789
Perc
ent
of
Resp
ondents
Total (12years and
older)
12-17 yearsold
18-25 yearsold
26 andolder
U.S.CA
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
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Percent of NSDUH Respondents Who Needed Treatment for Illicit Drugs But Did Not Receive It: CA
vs. US
0123456789
Perc
ent
of
Resp
ondents
Total (12years and
older)
12-17 yearsold
18-25 yearsold
26 andolder
U.S.CA
SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.
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Drug Availability, Purity, and Price Information
National Drug Intelligence Center, ONDCP Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse
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Cocaine/Crack in California
• Powder and crack cocaine supplied and distributed by Mexican drug trafficking organizations
• Purity levels for powder cocaine range from 15-95%
• $60-80/g (retail powder price range)• $10-80/rock (retail crack price range)
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Heroin in California
• Mexican drug trafficking organizations are primary wholesale and retail suppliers and distributors of Mexican black tar and brown powder heroin
• Purity levels vary throughout CA, ranging from 10-68%
• $50-100/g (retail Mexican black tar price range)
• $60-100/g (retail Mexican brown powder price range)
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Marijuana in California
• Most widely available and most commonly used illicit drug in CA
• CA-produced marijuana is preferred because it is readily available and has high THC content (10-20% vs. 2-5% Mexican-produced)
• $60-160/oz (mid-level Mexican marijuana)
• $200-250/oz (mid-level CA-produced marijuana)
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Methamphetamine in California
• Mexican and CA-produced meth are both readily available throughout CA
• Low-grade purity ranges from 18-40%; crystal meth purity ranges from 93-98%
• $450-800/oz (mid-level low-grade price range)
• $600-1,500/oz (mid-level crystal meth price range)
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Drugs and Health-Related Consequences
Emergency Department Drug Mentions
Drug-Related Deaths
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Regional Differences in Rates* of ED Mentions of Major Substances
of Abuse
0 50 100 150 200
Cocaine
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
San Diego Los Angeles San Francisco
SOURCE: Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2003.
2002
*Rate per 100,000 population
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Top 5 Drugs Mentioned in California Drug Deaths
050
100150200250300350400450500
Los Angeles San Diego San Francisco
Num
ber
of M
enti
ons
Heroin/Morphine Cocaine Alcohol-in-Combo Codeine Methamphetamine
SOURCE: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, DAWN, 2002.
Year 2000
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Drugs and Crime
Felony and Misdemeanor Arrests
CA Dept. of Corrections Offenders
Drug Use Among Arrestees
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Adult Felony Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: 2003
36%
54%
8% 2%
NarcoticsDangerous DrugsMarijuanaOther
SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.
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Adult Misdemeanor Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: 1994-
2003
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000
100,000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Num
ber
of Arr
est
s
Marijuana Other Drugs
SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.
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Offenders in CDC Institutions, by Offense: as
of 12/31/03
Offense # of Offenders
% of Total
Crimes against persons
78,279 50.3%
Property 32,658 21.0
Drug 33,252 21.4
Missing/Other
11,533 7.4
Total 155,722 100.0SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.
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Drug Offenders in CDC Institutions: as of 12/31/03
Drug Offense # of Offenders
% of Total
CS possession 13,061 8.4%
CS possession for sales
10,943 7.0
CS sales 4,858 3.1
CS other 784 0.5
Marijuana possess/sales
1,250 3.8
Total drug offenders
33,252 21.4
SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.
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Federally-Sentenced Drug Offenders, California: FY
2002
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
FY 2002
Other (4%)
Crack (2%)
Heroin (3%)
Cocaine (13%)
Meth (19%)
Marijuana (58%)
SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, FY 2002 Sentencing Statistics, California.
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Percentage of Male Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By California City:
2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
% T
est
ing P
osi
tive
Cocaine Opiates Marijuana Meth
Los Angeles Sacramento San Diego San Jose
SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.
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Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence Among Male Arrestees, By
California City: 2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
% o
f M
ale
Arr
est
ees
Heavy Use Injected Drugs inPast Year
At Risk for DrugDependence
Los Angeles Sacramento San Diego San Jose
SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.
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Percentage of Female Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By
California City: 2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
% T
est
ing P
osi
tive
Cocaine Opiates Marijuana Meth
Los Angeles San Diego San Jose
SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.
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Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence among Female Arrestees, By California City:
2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
% o
f Fem
ale
Arr
est
ees
Heavy Use Injected Drugs inPast Year
At Risk for DrugDependence
Los Angeles San Diego San Jose
SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.
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Drugs and the CA Treatment and Recovery
System
California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS)
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Polysubstance Abuse is the Norm, Rather than the
Exception
59%
41%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Perc
ent of All A
dm
issi
ons Single Substance
Polysubstance
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse: 2003
20%
22%
13%
4%
30%
11%
HeroinAlcoholMethCocaine/ CrackMarijuanaOther
N=242,600
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse (Excluding
Alcohol): 2003
31%
14%
4%
36%
15%
HeroinMethCocaine/ CrackMarijuanaOther
N=190,539
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Trends in CA Treatment Admissions (Excluding Alcohol):
2000 - 2003
05
101520253035404550
2000 2001 2002 2003
Perc
ent
of A
ll A
dm
issi
ons
Heroin Meth Marijuana Cocaine
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Primary Drug by Route of Administration: CA, 2003
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Heroin Meth Cocaine Marijuana
Perc
ent
of All A
dm
issi
ons
OtherInjectInhaleSmoke
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Changes in Route of Methamphetamine Administration:
CA, 2000-2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 2001 2002 2003
Perc
ent
of M
eth
Adm
issi
ons
SmokeInhaleInjectOther
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Abuse of Selected Substances: CA,
2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Alcohol Cocaine/Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth
Perc
ent
of All A
dm
issi
ons
Primary Abuse Secondary Abuse Tertiary Abuse
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Number of Prior Episodes Among California Treatment Admissions:
2003
0102030405060708090
100
Cocaine/Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth
Perc
ent
of All
Adm
issi
ons
0 1 or 2 3 to 5 6+
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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CJ-Related Referral Sources Among CA Treatment
Admissions: 2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perc
ent
of All A
dm
issi
ons
Cocaine/ Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth
SACPA ParoleSACPA Court/ProbationCourt/Crim JusticeNon-Criminal Justice
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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Legal Status of CA Treatment Admissions:
2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Perc
ent
of All A
dm
issi
ons
Cocaine/ Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth
N/ AParoleProbationDiversionIncarcerated
SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.
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California Student Survey
Or The Statewide Healthy Kids
Survey
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CSS
• Mandated by Office of the Attorney General
• Given Biennially since 1986• Representative sample of students
in grades 7, 9, 11 in CA
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Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS:
2003/2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Percentage of Weekly Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS:
2003/2004
02468
1012141618
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 30 Days from the CSS:
2003/2004
05
10152025303540
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Lifetime-High Risk Use: 2003/2004
05
1015202530354045
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months: 2003/2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months (cont): 2003/2004
05
101520253035
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-9th grade: 2003/2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-11th grade: 2003/2004
05
10152025303540
% R
ep
ort
ing
SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.
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Almost The End
For questions, contact:Beth Finnerty
UCLA ISAP310-445-0874 ext. 376