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200058accoverv05bjpg

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

GARLAND MEDIEVAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES VOLUME 21 GARLAND REFERENCE LIBRARY OF THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 2224

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GARLAND MEDIEVAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES

JOYCE ESALISBURY Series Editor

THE MEDIEVAL CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY An Annotated Bibliography

Noel Harold Kaylor Jr

THE ROMAN DE LA ROSEAn Annotated Bibliography

Heather MArden

MEDIEVAL VISIONS OF HEAVEN AND HELL A Sourcebook

Eileen Gardiner

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT An Annotated Bibliography 1978ndash1989

Meg Stainsby

BEOWULF SCHOLARSHIP An Annotated Bibiliography 1979ndash1990

Robert JHasenfratz

THE MEDIEVAL CHARLEMAGNE LEGEND An Annotated Bibliography

Susan EFarrier Dutch materials treated by Geert HMClaassens

THE LYRICS OF THE TROUVERES A Research Guide (1970ndash1990)

Eglal Doss-Quinby

THE PILGRIMAGE TO SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA A Comprehensive Annotated BibliographyMaryjane Dunn and Linda Kay Davidson

MUSIC AND POETRY IN THE MIDDLE AGES A Guide to Research on French and Occitan Song 1100ndash1400

Margaret LSwitten

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MEDIEVAL ICONOGRAPHY A Research Guide

John BFriedman and Jessica MWegmann

MEDIEVAL WARFARE A Bibliographical Guide

Everett UCrosby

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MEDIEVAL WARFARE A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE

EVERETT UCROSBY

GARLAND PUBLISHING INC A MEMBER OF THE TAYLOR amp FRANCIS

GROUP NEW YORK amp LONDON

2000

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Published in 2000 by Garland Publishing Inc

A member of the Taylor amp Francis Group 29 West 35th Street

New York NY 10001

This edition published in the Taylor amp Francis e-Library 2005

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor amp Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to wwweBookstoretandfcouk

Copyright copy 2000 by Everett UCrosby

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic mechanical or other means

now known or hereafter invented including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system without

permission in writing from the publisher

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataCrosby Everett Uberto 1932ndash

Medieval warfare a bibliographical guideEverett UCrosby p cmmdash(Garland medieval bibliographies vol 21) (Garland reference

library of the humanities vol 2224) Includes bibliographical references and index

ISBN 0-8153-3849-X 1 Military art and sciencemdashEuropemdashHistorymdashTo 1500mdashBibliography 2 Europemdash

History MilitarymdashBibliography 3 Military art and sciencemdashByzantine EmpiremdashHistorymdashBibliography 4 Byzantine EmpiremdashHistory MilitarymdashBibliography 5 Military art and sciencemdash Islamic EmpiremdashHistorymdashBibliography 6 Islamic EmpiremdashHistory

MilitarymdashBibliography I Title II Series III Series Garland reference library of the humanities vol 2224

Z6725E8 C76 2000 [U37]

01635500940902mdashdc21 00ndash026506

ISBN 0-203-90527-X Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-90620-9 (Adobe eReader format ISBN) ISBN 0-8153-3849-X (Print Edition)

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Vis palam cernere quam res sit impia bellum animadverte per quos geriturmdashERASMUS QUERELA PACIS (1517)

[If you really want to understand what a wicked thing war is just have a look at the men who wage it]

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This page intentionally left blank

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Contents

Abbreviations xiiIntroduction xiv

Chapter 1 War in the Middle Ages 1 Reference Works 1 General History 2 Late Roman Empire 6 Early Middle Ages 8Later Middle Ages 11 England Scotland Wales and Ireland 14 France and the Low Countries 20 Germany and Switzerland 27Spain and Portugal 29 Italy 30 Scandinavia 34 Eastern Europe 34Byzantine Empire 36 Muslim States 39

Chapter 2 Battles 44 Reference Works 44 Special Topics 44England Scotland Wales and Ireland 44 France and the Low Countries 47 Germany and Switzerland 49 Spain and Portugal 51 Italy 51 Eastern Europe 51 Byzantine and Muslim States 52

Chapter 3 Sieges 55Chapter 4 Naval Operations 59

General Works 59 Northern Europe 60 Southern Europe 63 Byzantine and Muslim States 64

Chapter 5 Arms and Armor 66 Museum Collections 66

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General Works 69 Northern Europe 72Southern Europe 75 Byzantine and Muslim States 76

Chapter 6 Archery 78Chapter 7 Cavalry 81Chapter 8 Gunpowder Firearms Artillery and Siege Weapons 85


Chapter 9 Fortifications 92 General Works 92 Late Roman Empire 96England Scotland Wales and Ireland 96 France and the Low Countries 102Germany and Switzerland 110 Spain and Portugal 112 Italy 113 Scandinavia 117 Eastern Europe 118Byzantine and Muslim States 118

Chapter 10 Rural Urban and Coastal Defenses 122Chapter 11 Recruitment and Service 127

General Works 127Early Middle Ages 127 England Scotland Wales and Ireland 128 France and the Low Countries 132 Germany and Switzerland 135 Spain and Portugal 136 Italy 137 Eastern Europe 139 Byzantine and Muslim States 139

Chapter 12 Finance and Supply 142Chapter 13 The Spoils of War Booty and Ransoms 147Chapter 14 War and Peace 149Chapter 15 The Laws of War 153Chapter 16 War and Literature 159Chapter 17 Military Treatises 164Chapter 18 Warfare Illustrated 170

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Index 172

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Abbreviations

AHR American Historical Review BEC Bibliothegraveque de LrsquoEacutecole des Chartes BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research CISAM Centro Italiano di Studi sullrsquo Alto Medioevo CNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique EHR English Historical Review HMSO Her Majestyrsquos Stationery Office MISOG Mitteilungen Institut fuumlr Oumlsterreichische Geschichtsforschung RH Revue historique TRHS Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

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Introduction

Homo sapiens homo pugnans and so it has been since the beginning of recorded history In the Middle Ages especially armed conflict and the military life were so much a partof the political and cultural development that a general account of the period is in largemeasure a description of how men went to war Even in times of peace the customs of awarrior aristocracy which held the power and set the standards whose members lived incastles wore armor carried swords rode to tournaments and had an inclination to settledisputes by violent means lent a martial air to everyday life Nor did the fortified townsand bridges and the towers and houses of a wealthy urban class contribute any less tothe idea that this was a society organized by men ready to fight their neighbors andprepared to defend themselves Strength in arms was celebrated in epic verse it was theway of honor for the lord and it formed the basis of the chivalric ethic Both the literaryimage of the hunt and the poetry of the loverrsquos quest were expressions of knightly valor On a wider stage success in war turned kings into heroes as well as heroes into kingsand ultimately helped to forge the elements of a national identity from the multitude offeudal states Defeat could mean diminished authority domestic revolt and conquest by aforeign power War in the name of Christ was the instrument used by churchmen topunish the obdurate to subdue the nobility and to promote the ambiguous butnonetheless potent idea of the Christian soldier The conduct of war encouraged practicalexperiment and technical innovation and brought in its train new products industrialexpansion and greater employment War in the medieval period became big businesscombining wealth and politics in a mutually advantageous relationship and has remainedso ever since Expensive campaigns forced English kings into greater dependence onparliamentary subsidies and thereby insured a permanent place for the Commons in theconstitutional development of the country the use of mercenary troops who demandedpayment in cash shifted the balance of power in Italy in favor of affluent rulers andfurther reduced the importance of the landed nobility and as an important part of themedieval legacy wars won and wars lost established the conditions for treaties of peaceand directly affected the way in which the political boundaries of the European countrieswere drawn

Warfare in the Middle Ages was endemic epidemic and occasionally pandemic Itdrew participants from every social group and it affected every part of the populationfrom the princely court and the merchant town to the peasant village Rich in sourcematerials and topics for study it is a subject not only of great historical interest but alsoof significance for the present day Here for example can be found the first attempts todefine a just war in Christian terms here were laid the foundations for the political andreligious sanctions to guarantee intervals of peace between destructive campaigns andhere appeared the elementary rules to govern behavior in combat and for the exchangeand ransom of prisoners which came to form the basis of modern conventions on theconduct of hostilities

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6

A bibliography of so vast a field therefore has the potential to become a list of books for a multitude of related topics If Hastings then why not an analysis of Anglo-Saxon dynastic struggles Scandinavian expansion oath taking and the meaning of the Bayeuxtapestry If the Hundred Years War then why not Jeanne drsquoArc women as warriors miracles and ecclesiatical justice Why not indeed But to go so far is clearly notpossible in a single volume of manageable proportions and in the end it would only be alesson in defeat This volume therefore which by the very nature of such works isselective comprises some 3000 important books articles and collections of paperspublished through 1999 which deal with war primarily as armed combat In geographyand chronology it covers the Latin West the Greek East and the Muslim South from thelate Roman Empire through the sixteenth century Also included are studies on therelevant topics of fortifications arms and armor recruitment and service finance andsupply war and peace the laws of war war and literature military treatises andmedieval illustrations of war As will be seen the weight of the entries falls heavily onthe history of western Europe and especially on citations of French English German and Italian titles more lightly on Iberia Scandinavia and the East That this is so is duepartly to the imbalance in published research on the subject in the major languages andpartly to the wish to stay within the traditional heartland of the European Middle Ages

Beyond its primary use as a reference work a comprehensive bibliography can alsoserve as a guide to changing views and methods in scholarly research A comparison ofindividual entries for example will show that whereas at one time the history ofmedieval warfare could be written largely as a description of battles and tactics (OmanDelpech) there is now greater concern to put battles into context as it were and to seethem in relation to the political economic and social forces of which they were a partand product (Thompson Pounds) This approach has brought to the front hithertoneglected topics such as logistics military technology the status of the noncombatantand the effect of protracted violence on social development The study of fortificationsand of castles in particular has taken a similar turn whereby function has become assignificant as form The familiar architectural inventories and plans over which thehistorians have laid siege to the archaeologists for many years have been enriched bydiscussions of comparative building styles costs and labor problems royal controlthrough licensing the relationship of castles to urban growth and to overall strategicplanning

But what is included in a bibliography of this kind must also call attention to what hasbeen left out It will be apparent that there is little available at present on such interestingand important subjects to suggest only a few as medical care and field hospitals thetraining of recruits methods of paying the soldiers the morale of armies and warpropaganda military intelligence women at war and conditions on the home front Byusing the entries as a checklist new and fruitful avenues for research can be laid out

The method of citation in each section is by authorrsquos surname listed alphabetically In the case of collections it is by the title of the work followed by the name of the editor oreditors The title of the first edition of each entry is given with place publisher and yearof publication Later editions revised editions reprints and paperback editions if anyfollow Translations into English are given with the name of the translator If the entry ispart of a series the title of the series or collection appears in square brackets Under each

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6

subject heading works of a general nature are given first followed by regional andmonographic studies the two groups separated by three asterisks ( )

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6

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

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6

CHAPTER 1 War in the Middle Ages

REFERENCE WORKS

Armi difensive dal medioevo allrsquoetagrave moderna Lionello GBoccia et al eds [Dizionariterminologici 1] (Firenze Centre Di 1982)

Bibliographie internationale drsquohistoire militaire Vol 1 published as Bulletin de Bibliographie (Bern Commission internationale drsquohistoire militaire compareacutee 1978)

A Bibliography of Encyclopedias and Dictionaries dealing with Military Naval andMaritime Affairs 1577ndash1965 Hardin Craig Jr ed (Houston Rice University Library 1960 Rev 3d ed 1965)

A Bibliography of English Military Books Up to 1642 Maurice JDCockle ed (London Simpkin Marshall 1900 2d ed London Holland Press 1957)

Cambridge Illustrated Atlas Warfare The Middle Ages 768ndash1487 Nicholas Hooper amp Matthew Bennett eds (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996)

The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare Renaissance to Revolution 1492ndash1792Jeremy Black ed (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996)

Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry Concepts and Terms Bradford BBroughton ed (Westport Conn Greenwood 1986)

Dictionary of Wars George CKohn ed (New York Facts on File 1986) Dictionnaire drsquoart et drsquohistoire militaires Andreacute Corvisier ed (Paris PUF 1988) The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 BC to the Present Richard E Dupuy amp

Trevor NDupuy eds (New York Harper amp Row 1970 4th ed 1993) The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare Matthew Bennett ed

(Oxford Helicon 1998) Pohler Johann Bibliotheca Historico-Militaris Systematische Uumlbersicht der

Erscheinungen aller Sprachen auf dem Gebiete der Geschichte der Kriege undKriegswissenschaft seit Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst bis zum Schluszlig des Jahres 1880 4 vols (Leipzig GLang 1887ndash1899 Rp New York Burt Franklin 1962)

A World Atlas of Military History 2 vols Arthur Banks ed (London Seeley 1973) Vol 1 retitled Atlas of Ancient and Medieval Warfare (New York Hippocrene Books 1982)

GENERAL HISTORY

Addington Larry H The Patterns of War Through the Eighteenth Century(Bloomington Indiana University Press 1990)

The Ancient Art of Warfare Jacques Boudet ed (Paris Robert Laffont 1966)

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Andrzejewski Stanislaw Military Organization and Society (London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1954 Rev 2d ed Berkeley University of California Press 1968)

Auer Leopold ldquoFormen des Krieges im abendlaumlndischen Mittelalterrdquo Formen des Krieges vom Mittelalter zumrdquo ldquoLow Intensity Conflictrdquo Manfred Rauchensteiner amp Erwin ASchmidl eds (Graz Styria 1991) 17ndash43

Auer Leopold ldquoMittelalterliche Kriegsgeschichte als Forschungsproblemrdquo Francia 10 (1982) 449ndash463

Bartlett Robert ldquoTechnique militaire et pouvoir politique 900ndash1300rdquo Tr (Jacqueline Falquevert) Annales 41 (1986) 1135ndash1159 See also his ldquoMilitary technology and political powerrdquo in Robert Bartlett ed The Making of Europe Conquest Colonization and Cultural Change 950ndash1350 (Princeton Princeton University Press 1993) chapter 3 60ndash84

Beeler John ldquoWarfare western Europeanrdquo Dictionary of the Middle Ages vol 12 (New York Charles Scribner 1989) 554ndash569

Bergsagel John ldquoWar and music in the Middle Agesrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 282ndash298

Black Jeremy War and the World Military Power and the Fate of Continents 1450ndash2000 (New Haven Yale University Press 1998)

Bloch Marc La Socieacuteteacute feacuteodale 2 vols (Paris AMichel 1939ndash1940) Tr (LA Manyon) Feudal Society 2 vols (London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1961 PbChicago University of Chicago Press 1964)

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Geoffrey Parker ed (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1995)

Cardini Franco Quellrsquo antica festa crudele Guerra e cultura della guerra dallrsquoetagrave feudale alla grande rivoluzione (Firenze Sansoni 1982)

Carter John M Arms and the Man Studies in Roman and Medieval Warfare andSociety (Manhattan Kan MA-AH Publishers 1983)

Chaliand Geacuterard The Art of War in World History (Berkeley University of California Press 1994)

Chivalry Knighthood and War in the Middle Ages Susan JRidyard ed [Sewanee Medieval Studies vol 9] (Sewanee Tenn University of the South Press 1999)

The Church and War WJSheils ed [Studies in Church History 20] (OxfordBlackwell 1983)

The Circle of War in the Middle Ages Douglas JKagay amp LJAndrew Villalon eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1999)

Contamine Philippe La Guerre au moyen acircge (Paris PUF 1980 3rd ed 1992) Tr (Michael Jones) War in the Middle Ages (Oxford Blackwell 1984)

Creveld Martin LVan Technology and War from 2000 BC to the Present (New York Free Press 1988)

Daniels Emil Geschichte des Kriegswesens [Sammlung Goumlschen] 7 vols Vol 2 Das mittelalterliche Kriegswesen (1910) (Leipzig Goumlschen 1910ndash1913)

Dawson Doyne The Origins of Western Warfare Militarism and Morality in the AncientWorld (Boulder Col Westview 1996)

Delbruumlck Hans Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte 7 vols (Berlin GStilke 1900ndash1936 3d ed Berlin Georg Stilke 1920 Rp Berlin

War in the middle ages 2

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120

19

May

201

6

Walter de Gruyter 1964) Tr (Walter JRenfroe Jr) History of the Art of War within the Framework of Political History 4 vols (Westport Conn Greenwood Press 1975)

Delpech Henri La Tactique au XIIIe siegravecle (Montpellier Grollier et Fils 1885) DeVries Kelly Medieval Military Technology (Peterborough Ont Broadview 1992) Duby Georges ldquoGuerre et socieacuteteacute dans lrsquoeurope feacuteodale Ordonnancement de la paix La

Guerre et lrsquoargent La morale des guerriersrdquo Concetto Storia Miti e Immagini delMedio Evo Vittore Branca ed [Civiltagrave europea e civiltagrave veneziana 7 Fondazione Giorgio Cini] (Firenze Sansoni 1973) 449ndash482

Erben Wilhelm Kriegsgeschichte des Mittelalters [Beiheft der historischen Zeitschrift16] (Muumlnchen ROldenbourg 1929)

Falls Cyril The Place of War in History (Oxford Clarendon 1947) Farmer Henry G Military Music (New York Chanticleer 1950) Featherstone Donald F Warriors and Warfare in Ancient and Medieval Times

(London Constable 1997) Finer Samuel E ldquoState- and nation-building in Europe The role of the militaryrdquo The

Formation of National States in Western Europe Charles Tilly ed (Princeton Princeton University Press 1975) 84ndash163

Finoacute JF Armes et armeacutees du moyen acircge [Recueil drsquoarticles parus dans Gladius] (Strasbourg Centre drsquoArcheacuteologie Meacutedieacutevale de Strasbourg 1979)

Flori Jean LrsquoIdeacuteologie du glaive Preacutehistoire de la chevalerie (Genegraveve Droz 1983) Forces Armeacutees et Systegravemes drsquoAlliance [Colloque international drsquohistoire militaire et

drsquoeacutetudes de deacutefense nationale Montpellier 2ndash6 septembre 1981] 2 vols (Paris Fondation pour les eacutetudes de defense nationale 1983)

France John Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades 1000ndash1300 (London University College London Press 1999)

Fuchs Theodor Geschichte des europaumlischen Kriegswesens [TruppendienstTaschenbuch] 3 vols (Muumlnchen JFLehmanns Verlag 1972ndash1977)

Fuller John FC A Military History of the Western World 3 vols (New York Funk ampWagnalls 1954ndash1956)

Gaier Claude ldquoMiscellaneacutees militaires meacutedieacutevalesrdquo Le Moyen Age 101 (1995) 137ndash144

Gaier Claude ldquoRelire Verbruggenhelliprdquo Le Moyen Age 85 (1979) 105ndash112 La Guerre la violence et les gens au moyen acircge Philippe Contamine amp Olivier

Guyotjeannin eds [Actes du congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes historiques et scientifiques Amiens 1994] 2 vols (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1996)

La Guerre au moyen acircge Catalogue drsquoune exposition organiseacutee au Chacircteau de Pons(Charente-Maritime) juillet-aoucirct 1976 (Poitiers 1976)

Guerre et Socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVe XVe siegravecle Philippe Contamine Charles Giry-Deloison amp Maurice HKeen eds [Collection histoire etlitteacuterature reacutegionales 8] (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Centre drsquohistoire Universiteacute de Lille III 1991)

Hall AR ldquoMilitary technologyrdquo A History of Technology CSinger et al eds Vol 2 (Oxford Oxford University Press 1956) 695ndash730

Heath Ian Armies of Feudal Europe 1066ndash1300 (Goring-by-Sea England Wargames Research 1989)

Medieval welfare 3

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nloa

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120

19

May

201

6

Heath Ian Armies of the Middle Ages (Goring-by-Sea England Wargames Research 1982)

Histoire universelle des armeacutees 4 vols Jacques Boudet ed (Paris Robert Laffont1965ndash1966)

Howard Michael War in European History (Oxford Oxford University Press 1976) Jones Archer The Art of War in the Western World (Urbana University of Illinois

Press 1987) Keegan John The Face of Battle (Harmondsworth Penguin 1976) Keegan John A History of Warfare (New York Knopf 1993) Keegan John amp Richard Holmes Soldiers A History of Men in Battle (New York

Viking 1986) Kleinschmidt Harald Tyrocinium militare Militaumlrische Koumlrperhaltungen und -

bewegungen im Wandel zwischen dem 14 und dem 18 Jahrhundert (Stuttgart Autorenverlag 1989)

Koch HW Medieval Warfare (London Bison Books 1978 Pb 1985) Kottenkamp Franz J Der Rittersaal Eine Geschichte des Ritterthums seines Entstehens

und Fortgangs seiner Gebraumluche und Sitten (Stuttgart CHoffmann 1842) Tr (ALoumlwy) The History of Chivalry and Armor (New York Portland House 1988)

Kruumlger Sabine ldquoCharacter militaris und character indelebilis Ein Beitrag zumVerhaumlltnis von miles und clericus im Mittelalterrdquo Institutionen Kultur undGesellschaft im Mittelalter Festschrift fuumlr Josef Fleckenstein (SigmaringenJThorbecke 1984) 567ndash580

Lacroix Paul Vie militaire et religieuse au moyen acircge et agrave lrsquoeacutepoque de la renaissance(Paris Firmin Didot 1873)

Lane Frederic C ldquoEconomic consequences of organized violencerdquo Journal of Economic History 18 (1958) 401ndash417

Lang Kurt Military Institutions and the Sociology of War (Beverly Hills Sage Publications 1972)

Leyser Karl ldquoWarfare in the western European Middle Ages The moral debaterdquo Communications and Power in Medieval Europe Timothy Reuter ed (London Hambledon 1994) 189ndash203

Lindsay Donald amp Mary RPrice ldquoA Hundred years of fightingrdquo Authority andChallenge A Portrait of Europe 1300ndash1600 (Oxford Oxford University Press1975) 40ndash79

Lot Ferdinand LrsquoArt militaire et les armeacutees au moyen acircge en Europe et dans le Proche Orient 2 vols (Paris Payot 1946)

Lot Ferdinand ldquoLa langue du commandement dans les armeacutees romaines et le cri de guerre franccedilais au moyen acircgerdquo Recueil des Travaux 2 (1970) 181ndash187

Lynn John A ldquoThe evolution of army style in the modern west 800ndash2000rdquo International History Review 18 (1996) 503ndash545

McGlynn Sean ldquoThe myths of medieval warfarerdquo History Today 44 (January 1994) 28ndash34

McNeill William H The Pursuit of Power Technology Armed Force and Society sinceAD 1000 (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1982 Pb 1984)

Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de


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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bouumlard [Meacutemoires et documents publieacutes par la Socieacutete de lrsquoEacutecole des Chartes 27] (Genegraveve Droz 1982)

Men in Arms A History of Warfare and its Interrelationships with Western SocietyRichard APreston Sydney FWise amp Herman OWeiner eds (New York Frederick Praeger 1956 Pb 5th ed 1991)

Le Monde des heacuteros dans la culture meacutedieacutevale Danielle Buschinger amp Wolfgang Spiewok eds [Greifswalder Beitraumlge zum Mittelalter 20 Serie Wodan Bd 35] (Greifswald Reineke Verlag 1994)

Munro Dana C ldquoWar and historyrdquo AHR 32 (1927) 219ndash231 Naroll Raoul Vern LBullough amp Frada Naroll Military Deference in History A Pilot

Cross-Historical Survey (Albany State University of New York Press 1974) Nef John U War and Human Progress (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1950) Nicolle David Medieval Warfare Source Book 2 vols (London Arms amp Armour Press

1995ndash1996) Norman AVB The Medieval Soldier (London Arthur Barker 1971) OrsquoConnell Robert L Of Arms and Men A History of War Weapons and Aggression

(New York Oxford University Press 1989) Oman Charles WC The Art of War in the Middle Ages AD 378ndash1515 (Oxford

Oxford University Press 1885 Rev ed (John HBeeler) Ithaca Cornell University Press 1953)

Oman Charles WC A History of the Art of War The Middle Ages from the Fourth tothe Fourteenth Century (London Methuen 1898 2d ed 2 vols 1924)

Oorlog in de Middeleeuwen AJBrand ed [Middeleeuwse Studies in Bronnen 8](Hilversum Verloren 1989)

Pieri Piero ldquoSur les dimensions de lrsquohistoire militairerdquo Annales Economies Socieacuteteacutes 18 (1963) 625ndash638

Quigley Carroll Weapons Systems and Political Stability A History (Lanham Md University Press of America 1983)

The Readerrsquos Companion to Military History Robert Cowley amp Geoffrey Parker eds(Boston Houghton Mifflin 1996)

Renn Ludwig amp Helmut Schnitter Krieger Landsknecht und Soldat (Berlin Aufbau Verlag 1979)

Spaulding Oliver L amp Hoffman Nickerson Ancient and Medieval Warfare (London Constable 1994)

Spaulding Oliver L Hoffman Nickerson amp John WWright Warfare A Study ofMilitary Methods from the Earliest Times (New York Harcourt Brace 1925)

Sproumlmberg Heinrich ldquoDie feudale Kriegkunstrdquo Beitraumlge zur belgisch-niederlaumlndischen Geschichte [Forschungen zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte Bd 3] (Berlin Akademie Verlag 1959) 30ndash55

Taylor Philip M Munitions of the Mind War Propaganda from the Ancient World tothe Nuclear Age (Wellingborough England Thorsons 1990 2d ed New York St Martinrsquos 1995)

Thompson AHamilton ldquoThe art of war to 1400rdquo Cambridge Medieval History vol 6 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1929 Rp 1968) chapter 23

Tools of War Instruments Ideas and Institutions of Warfare 1445ndash1871 John A Lynn

Medieval welfare 5

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

ed (Urbana University of Illinois Press 1990) Turnbull Stephen The Book of the Medieval Knight (London Cassell 1985) Turney-High Harry H Primitive War Its Practice and Concepts (Columbia University

of South Carolina Press 1949 2d ed 1971) Two Thousand Years of Warfare Willem PBlockmans amp Giorgio Chittolini eds

(Danbury Conn Grolier 1994) Vagts Alfred A History of Militarism (New York WWNorton 1937 Rev ed New

York Meridan 1959 Rp Westport Conn Greenwood 1981) Verbruggen JF De Krijgskunst in West-Europa in de Middeleeuwen (IXe tot begin XIVe

eeuw) (Bruxelles Paleis der Academien 1954) Tr (Sumner Willard amp SCMSouthern) The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages fromthe Eighth Century to 1340 (Amsterdam North Holland 1977 2d ed Woodbridge Boydell amp Brewer 1997)

War and Economic Development JMWinter ed (Cambridge Cambridge UniversityPress 1975)

War and Society in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds Asia the Mediterranean Europeand Mesoamerica Kurt Raaflaub amp Nathan Rosenstein eds (Cambridge MassHarvard University Press 1999)

White Lynn Jr Medieval Technology and Social Change (London Oxford University Press 1962 Pb New York Oxford University Press 1966)

Wise Terence Medieval Warfare (London Osprey 1976) Wise Terence amp Gerald Embleton Medieval European Armies [Men-at-Arms Series

50] (London Osprey 1975) Wright Quincy A Study of War (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1942 2d ed

1965) Zook David H amp Robin Higham A Short History of Warfare (New York Twayne

1966 2d ed 1967) Zug Tucchi Hannelore ldquoDer Fahnenwagen in der mittelalterlichen Militaumlremblematik

(11ndash13 Jahrhundert)rdquo Les origines des armoiries Herveacute Pinoteau et al eds [2e Colloque international drsquoheacuteraldque Bressanone Brixen 5ndash9 X 1981] (Paris Le Leacuteopard drsquoOr 1983) 163ndash172

LATE ROMAN EMPIRE

LrsquoArmeacutee romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siegravecle Franccediloise Vallet amp Michel Kazanski eds [Actes du colloque international St Germain-en-Laye 24ndash28 feacutevrier 1990] [Meacutemoires publieacutees par lrsquoassociation franccedilaise drsquoarcheacuteologie meacuterovingienne 5] (Paris Association franccedilaise drsquoarcheacuteologie meacuterovingienne 1993)

Aspects of the Notitia Dignitatum Roger Goodburn amp Philip Bartholomew eds [BARsupplementary series 15] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1976)

Berchem Denis van LrsquoArmeacutee de Diocleacutetien et la reacuteforme Constantinienne [Institut franccedilais drsquoarcheacuteologie de Beyrouth Bibliothegraveque archeacuteologique et historique 56] (Paris Paul Geuthner 1952)

Burns Thomas S Barbarians within the Gates of Rome A Study of Roman Military


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Policy and the Barbarians c 375ndash425 AD (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1994)

Campbell JB The Emperor and the Roman Army 31 BCndashAD 235 (Oxford Clarendon 1984)

The Defense of the Roman and Byzantine East 2 vols [Colloquium at the University ofSheffield April 1986] Philip Freeman amp David Kennedy eds (Oxford British Archaeological Reports 1986)

Demandt Alexander ldquoDer spaumltroumlmische Militaumlradelrdquo Chiron 10 (1980) 609ndash636 Demougeot Emilienne La Formation de lrsquoeurope et les invasions barbares 3 vols

(Paris Aubier 1969ndash1979) Doise Jean ldquoLe commandement de lrsquoarmeacutee romaine sous Theacuteodose et au deacutebut des

regravegnes drsquoArcadius et drsquoHonoriusrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire de lrsquoeacutecole franccedilaise de Rome 61 (1949) 183ndash194

Elton Hugh Warfare in Roman Europe AD 350ndash425 (Oxford Clarendon 1996) Pb 1998

Ferrill Arther The Fall of the Roman Empire The Military Explanation (London Thames amp Hudson 1986)

Gabba Emilio ldquoConsiderazioni sugli ordinamenti militari del tardo imperordquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 65ndash94

Gabba Emilio Per la storia dellrsquoesercito romano in etagrave imperiale [Il mondo antico 3] (Bologna Patron 1974)

Greatrex Geoffrey Rome and Persia at War 502ndash532 (Leeds Francis Cairns 1998) Grosse Robert E Roumlmische Militaumlrgeschichte von Gallienus bis zum Beginn der

byzantinischen Themenverfassung (Berlin Weidmann 1920 Rp New York Arno1975

Hoffmann Dietrich ldquoDer Oberbefehl des spaumltroumlmischen Heeres im 4 Jahrhundert nChrrdquo [Actes du IXe Congregraves international drsquoeacutetudes sur les frontiegraveres romaines 1972] (Bucharest Editura Academiei 1974) 381ndash397

Hoffmann Dietrich Das spaumltroumlmische Bewegungsheer und die Notitia Dignitatum[Epigraphische Studien Bd 7] 2 vols (Duumlsseldorf Rheinland-Verlag 1969ndash1970)

Issac Benjamin The Limits of Empire The Roman Army in the East (Oxford Clarendon 1990)

Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoDomestic military problems of Julian the Apostaterdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 2 (1967) 247ndash264

Kazanski Michel ldquoContribution agrave lrsquohistoire de la deacutefense de la frontiegravere pontique au bas-empirerdquo Travaux et Meacutemoires 11 (1991) 487ndash526

Kolendo Jerzy ldquoLa chronologie des guerres contre les Germains au cours des derniegraveres anneacutees de la teacutetrarchierdquo Klio 52 (1970) 197ndash203

Kuumlhn Hans ldquoDas roumlmische Kriegswesen im germanischen Wortschatzrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlrdeutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 101 (1972) 13ndash53

Le Bohec Yann LrsquoArmeacutee romaine sous le haut empire (Paris Picard 1989) Liebeschuetz Wolfgang ldquoThe end of the Roman armies in the western empirerdquo War and

Society in the Roman World John Rich amp Graham Shipley eds (London Routledge1993) 265ndash276

Luttwak Edward N The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (Baltimore Johns

Medieval welfare 7

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Hopkins University Press 1976 Pb 1979) MacMullen Ramsey ldquoHow big was the Roman imperial armyrdquo Klio 62 (1980) 451ndash

460 MacMullen Ramsey Soldiers and Civilians in the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge

Harvard University Press 1963) Mommsen Theodor ldquoDas roumlmische Militaumlrwesen seit Diocletianrdquo Gesammelte

Schriften 6 (Berlin Weidmannsche Buchhandlung 1910) 206ndash283 Musset Lucien Les Invasiones Les vagues germaniques [Nouvelle Clio 12] (Paris

Presses universitaires de France 1965 2d ed 1969) Nischer Evon ldquoDas roumlmische Heer und seine Generale nach Ammianus Marcellinusrdquo

Hermes 63 (1928) 430ndash457 OrsquoFlynn John M Generalissimos of the Western Roman Empire (Alberta Can

University of Alberta Press 1983) Problegravemes de la guerre agrave Rome Jean-Paul Brisson ed (Paris Mouton 1969) Reacutemondon Roger La crise de lrsquoempire romain de Marc-Aureacutele agrave Anastase [Nouvelle

Clio 11] (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1964 2d ed 1970) The Roman Army 31 BCndashAD 337 A Source Book Brian Campbell ed (London

Routledge 1994) Southern Pat amp Karen RDixon The Late Roman Army (London Batsford 1996) Stroheker Karl F ldquoZur Rolle des Heermeisters fraumlnkischer Abstammung im spaumlten

vierten Jahrhundertrdquo Historia 4 (1955) 314ndash330 Studien zu den Militaumlrgrenzen Roms I [Vortraumlge des 6 internationaler Limeskongress]

(Koumlln Boumlhlau 1967) Studien zu den Militaumlrgrenzen Roms II [Vortraumlge des 10 internationaler Limeskongress] (Koumlln Rheinland-Verlag 1977) Studien zu den Militaumlrgrenzen Roms III [Vortraumlge des 13 internationaler Limeskongress] (StuttgartKonrad Theiss 1986)

Tomlin RSO ldquoThe army of the late empirerdquo The Roman World John Wacker ed 2 vols (London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1987) vol 1 107ndash135

War and Society in the Roman World John Rich amp Graham Shipley eds (LondonRoutledge 1993)

Ward John H ldquoThe Notitia Dignitatumrdquo Latomus 33 (1974) 397ndash434 Watson GR The Roman Soldier (Ithaca Cornell University Press 1969 Rp Pb

1985) Webster Graham The Roman Imperial Army (London A amp C Black 1969 3d ed

1985) Wheeler Everett L ldquoMethodological limits and the mirage of Roman strategyrdquo Journal

of Military History 57 (1993) 7ndash41 215ndash240 Whittaker Dick ldquoLandlords and warlords in the later Roman empirerdquo War and Society

in the Roman World John Rich amp Graham Shipley eds (London Routledge 1993)277ndash302

EARLY MIDDLE AGES

Bachrach Bernard S The Anatomy of a Little War A Diplomatic and Military History of


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

the Gundovald Affair 568ndash586 (Boulder Co Westview 1994) Bachrach Bernard S ldquoAnimals and warfare in early medieval Europerdquo Settimane di

studio 31 (Spoleto CISAM 1985) vol 1 707ndash764 Bachrach Bernard S Armies and Politics in the Early Medieval West (Aldershot

Variorum 1993) Bachrach Bernard S Merovingian Military Organization 481ndash751 (Minneapolis

University of Minnesota Press 1972) Bachrach Bernard S ldquoMilitary organization in Aquitaine under the early Carolingiansrdquo

Speculum 49 (1974) 1ndash33 Bachrach Bernard S ldquoSome observations on the lsquoGothsrsquo at warrdquo Francia 19 (1992)

205ndash214 Balbi Marco LrsquoEsercito longobardo 568ndash774 (Milano Editrice militare italiana 1991) Bautier Robert-Henri ldquoLa campagne de Charlemagne en Espagne (778) La reacutealiteacute

historiquerdquo Socieacuteteacute des sciences lettres et arts de Bayonne ns 135 (1979) 1ndash5 Bodmer Jean-Pierre Der Krieger der Merowingerzeit und seine Welt Eine Studie uumlber

Kriegertum als Form der menschlichen Existenz im Fruumlhmittelalter [Geist und Werk der Zeiten 2] (Zuumlrich Fretz und Wasmuth 1957)

Bognetti Gian Piero ldquoLrsquoinflusso delle istituzioni militari romane sulle istituzionilongobarde del secolo VI e la natura della lsquofararsquordquo LrsquoEtagrave Longobarda (Milano Giuffregrave 1967) vol 3 3ndash46

Bowlus Charles R ldquoTwo Carolingian campaigns reconsideredrdquo Military Affairs 48 (1984) 121ndash125

Drew KF ldquoThe Carolingian military frontier in Italyrdquo Traditio 20 (1964) 437ndash447 Erben W ldquoZur Geschichte des karolingischen Kriegswesensrdquo Historische Zeitschrift

101 (1908) 321ndash336 Fleckenstein Josef ldquoAdel und Kriegertum und ihre Wandlung im Karolingerreichrdquo

Settimane di studio 27 (Spoleto 1981) 67ndash100 Fournier Gabriel ldquoLes campagnes de Peacutepin le Bref en Auvergne et la question des

fortifications rurales au VIIIe siegraveclerdquo Francia 2 (1974) 123ndash135 France John ldquoLa Guerre dans la France feacuteodale agrave la fin du IXe et au Xe siegraveclerdquo Revue

Belge drsquohistoire militaire 23 (1979) 177ndash198 France John ldquoThe military history of the Carolingian periodrdquo Revue Belge drsquohistoire

militaire 26 (1985)81ndash99 Ganshof Franccedilois L ldquoLrsquoArmeacutee sous les Carolingiensrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto

CISAM 1968) 109ndash130 Ganshof Franccedilois L ldquoCharlemagnersquos armyrdquo Frankish Institutions under Charlemagne

Pt 2 Tr (Bryce Lyon) (New York WWNorton 1970) 59ndash68 Gordon Colin Douglas The Age of Attila (Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press

1960) Gore Terry L Neglected Heroes Leadership and War in the Early Medieval Period

(Westport Conn Praeger 1995) Heath Ian Armies of the Dark Ages 600ndash1066 (Goring-by-Sea England Wargames

Research 1980) Johrendt Johann Milites und Militia im 11 Jahrhundert Untersuchung zur

Fruumlhgeschichte des Rittertums in Frankreich und Deutschland (Erlangen-Nuumlrnberg

Medieval welfare 9

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Friedrich-Alexander Universitaumlt 1971) Lebecq Steacutephane ldquoFrancs centre Frisons VIe VIIIe siegraveclesrdquo La Guerre et la Paix

(Paris Biblioth que nationale 1978) 53ndash71 Lot Ferdinand ldquoLa Grande invasion normande de 856ndash862rdquo Recueil das travaux

historiques de Ferdinand Lot [Centre de recherches drsquohistoire et de philologie de la IVe section de lrsquoeacutecole pratique des hautes eacutetudes V] (Genegraveve Droz 1970) 713ndash770

Maenchen-Helfen Otto ldquoWarfarerdquo The World of the Huns Studies in their History andCulture (Berkeley University of California Press 1973) 201ndash258

Musset Lucien Les Invasions Le second assaut contre lrsquoeurope chreacutetienne (VIIe XIe

siegravecles) [Nouvelle Clio 12 bis] (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1965) Nelson Janet L ldquoViolence in the Carolingian world and the ritualization of ninth-

century warfarerdquo Violence and Society in the Early Medieval West Guy Halsall ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1998) 90ndash107

Ordinamenti militari in occidente nellrsquoalto medioevo 2 vols (Spoleto CISAM 1968) Peacuterez Saacutenchez Dionisio El Ejeacutercito en la sociedad visigoda [Acta Salmanticensia

estudios histoacutericos y geograacuteficos 57] (Salamanca Universidad 1989) Pini Antonio I ldquoOrdinamente militari in occidente nellrsquoalto medioevordquo Anuario de

estudios medievales 4 (1967) 688ndash698 Prinz Friedrich E ldquoKing clergy and war at the time of the Carolingiansrdquo Saints

Scholars and Heroes Margot King amp Wesley MStevens eds (Collegeville MinnSt Johnrsquos Abbey 1979) 301ndash329

Prinz Friedrich E Klerus und Krieg im fruumlheren Mittelalter Untersuchungen zur Rolle der Kirche beim Aufbau der Koumlnigsherrschaft [Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters Bd 2] (Stuttgart Hiersemann 1971)

Reuter Timothy ldquoThe end of Carolingian military expansionrdquo Charlemagnersquos Heir New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814ndash840) Peter Godman amp RogerCollins eds (Oxford Oxford University Press 1990) 391ndash405

Settia Aldo ldquoLrsquoEuropeo aggressore Tecniche militari in occidente alla vigilia della prima crociatardquo Il concilio di Piacenza e le crociate (Piacenza TipLeCo 1996) 201ndash211

Steuer Heiko ldquoHistorische Phasen der Bewaffnung nach Aussagen der archaumlologischen Quellen Mittel-und Nordeuropas im ersten Jahrtausend nach Christusrdquo Fruumlhmittelalterliche Studien 4 (1970) 348ndash383

Thompson EA ldquoEarly Germanic warfarerdquo Past and Present 14 (1958) 2ndash29 Verbruggen JF ldquoLrsquoarmeacutee et la strateacutegie de Charlemagnerdquo Karl der Grosse

Lebenswerk und Nachleben (Duumlsseldorf Schwann 1965) vol 1 420ndash436 Verbruggen JF ldquoLrsquoart militaire dans lrsquoempire carolingien 714ndash1000rdquo Revue Belge

drsquohistoire militaire 23 (1979) 289ndash310 23 (1980) 393ndash411 Vercauteren Fernand ldquoComment srsquoest-on deacutefendu au IXe siegravecle dans lrsquoempire franc

centre les invasions normandesrdquo Eacutetudes drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevale (Bruxelles Creacutedit Communal de Belgique 1978) 39ndash54

Wanke Ulrich Die Gotenkriege des Valens Studien zu Topographie und Chronologie im unteren Donauraum von 366 bis 378 nach Christus [Europaumlische Hochschulschriften Reihe 3 Bd 412] (Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang 1990)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

LATER MIDDLE AGES

Allmand Christopher T The Hundred Years War England and France at War c 1300-c 1450 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1988 Pb 1988)

Allmand Christopher T ldquoWar and the non-combattantrdquo The Hundred Years WarKenneth Fowler ed (London Macmillan 1971) 163ndash183

Anglo Sydney ldquoAnglo-Burgundian feats of arms Smithfield June 1467rdquo GuildhallMiscellany 2 (1965) 271ndash282

Anglo Sydney ldquoHow to win at tournaments The technique of chivalric combatrdquo Antiquaries Journal 68 (1988) 248ndash264

Art de guerre technologie et tactique en Europe occidentale agrave la fin du moyen acircge et agrave la renaissance Jean-Marie Cauchies ed (Basel Centre europeacuteen drsquoeacutetudes bourguignonnes 1986)

Barnie John War in Medieval Society Social Values and the Hundred Years War 1337ndash1399 (London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 1974)

Bean Richard ldquoWar and the birth of the nation staterdquo Journal of Economic History 33 (1973) 203ndash221

Bellamy Christopher The Evolution of Modern Land Warfare Theory and Practice(London Routledge 1990)

Black Jeremy A Military Revolution Military Change and European Society 1550ndash1800 (Basingstoke Macmillan 1991)

Brulez W ldquoHet gewicht van de oorlog in de nieuwe tijden Enkele aspektenrdquo Tijdschriftvoor Geschiedenis 91 (1978) 386ndash406

Chaplais Pierre ldquoRegraveglement des conflits internationaux franco-anglais au XIVe siegravecle 1293ndash1377rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 57 (1951) 269ndash302

Christensen Stephen ldquoEuropean-Ottoman military acculturation in the late Middle Agesrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 227ndash251

Cipolla Carlo M Guns Sails and Empires Technological Innovation and the Early Phases of European Expansion 1400ndash1700 (New York Minerva Press 1965)

Contamine Philippe LrsquoIdeacutee de la guerre agrave la fin du moyen acircge (Paris Acadeacutemie des inscriptions et belles lettres 1979)

Contamine Philippe La Vie quotidienne pendant la guerre de Cent Ans France etAngleterre (XIVe siegravecle) (Paris Hachette 1976)

Corvisier Andreacute Armeacutees et Socieacuteteacutes en Europe de 1494 agrave 1789 [LrsquoHistorien 27] (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1976) Tr (Abigail TSiddall) Armies and Societies in Europe 1494ndash1789 (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1979)

DeVries Kelly Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century Discipline Tactics and Technology (Woodbridge Boydell 1996)

Eltis David The Military Revolution in Sixteenth-Century Europe (London Tauris 1995)

European Warfare 1453ndash1815 Jeremy Black ed (Basingstoke England Macmillan 1999)

Medieval welfare 11

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Forey Alan The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries(London Macmillan 1992)

Fowler Kenneth ldquoNews from the front Letters and despatches of the fourteenth centuryrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe

siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 63ndash92 Gaier Claude ldquoTechnique des combats singuliers drsquoapregraves les auteurs lsquobourguignonsrsquo du

XVe siegraveclerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 91 (1985) 415ndash457 92 (1986) 5ndash40 Goez Werner ldquoUumlber Fuumlrstenzweikaumlmpfe im Spaumltmittelalterrdquo Archiv fuumlr

Kulturgeschichte 49 (1967) 135ndash163 Gush George Renaissance Armies 1480ndash1650 (Cambridge Eng Patrick Stephens

1975 2d ed 1982) Hale JR ldquoInternational relations in the West diplomacy and warrdquo The New Cambridge

Modern History (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1957 Rp 1967) vol 1 259ndash291

Hale JR Renaissance War Studies (London Hambledon 1983) Hale JR ldquoSixteenth-century explanations of war and violencerdquo Past and Present 51

(1971) 3ndash26 Hale JR ldquoWar and public opinion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesrdquo Past and

Present 22 (1962) 18ndash33 Hale JR War and Society in Renaissance Europe 1450ndash1620 (Leicester Leicester

University Press 1985) Huizinga Johan ldquoDie politische und militaumlrische Bedeutung des Rittergedankens am

Ausgang des Mittelaltersrdquo Das Rittertum im Mittelalter Arno Borst ed [Wege derForschung Bd 349] (Darmstadt Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1976) 17ndash30

Kaeuper Richard W War Justice and Public Order England and France in the laterMiddle Ages (Oxford Clarendon Press 1988)

Koumlhler Gustav Die Entwicklung des Kriegswesens und der Kriegfuumlhrung in derRitterzeit von Mitte des 11 Jahrhunderts bis zu den Hussitenkriegen 3 vols (Breslau Wilhelm Koebner 1886ndash1889)

Lewis PS ldquoWar propaganda and historiography in fifteenth-century France and Englandrdquo TRHS 5th ser 15 (1965) 1ndash21

The Medieval Military Revolution State Society and Military Change in Medieval andEarly Modern Europe Andrew Ayton amp JLPrice eds (London Tauris 1995)

Michaud Heacutelegravene D ldquoLes institutions militaires des guerres drsquoItalie aux guerres de religionrdquo RH 258 (1977) 29ndash43

The Military Revolution Debate Readings on the Military Transformation of EarlyModern Europe Clifford JRogers ed (Boulder Co Westview 1995)

The Military Revolution and the State 1500ndash1800 Michael Duffy ed (Exeter University Press 1980)

Oman Charles WC ldquoThe art of war in the fifteenth centuryrdquo Cambridge MedievalHistory vol 8 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1929 Rp 1968) chapter 21

Oman Charles WC A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century (London Methuen 1937)

The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe Jeremy Black ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1987)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Parker Geoffrey The Military Revolution Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500ndash1800 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1988 2d ed 1996)

Parrott David ldquoThe military revolution in early modern Europerdquo History Today 42 (December 1992) 21ndash27

Puddu Raffaele Eserciti e monarchie nazionali nei secoli XV e XVI (Firenze La Nuova Italia 1975)

Quatrefages Reneacute ldquoAgrave la naissance de lrsquoarmeacutee modernerdquo Meacutelanges de la Casa de Velaacutezquez 13 (1977) 119ndash159

Reintges Theo Ursprung und Wesen der spaumltmittelalterlichen Schuumltzengilden[Rheinisches Archiv Heft 58] (Bonn Ludwig Roumlhrscheid 1963)

La Reacutevolution militaire en Europe XVendashXVIIIe siegravecles [Actes du colloque de Saint-Cyr 4 avril 1997] Jean Beacuterenger ed (Paris Economica 1998)

Roberts Michael ldquoThe military revolution 1560ndash1660rdquo Essays in Swedish History(Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press 1967) 195ndash225

Ropp Theodore War in the Modern World (Durham NC Duke University Press1959)

Sablonier Roger ldquoRittertum Adel und Kriegswesen im Spaumltmittelalterrdquo Das Ritterliche Turnier im Mittelalter Josef Fleckenstein ed (Goumlttingen Vadenhoeck amp Ruprecht 1985) 532ndash567

Schmidtchen Volker Kriegswesen im spaumlten Mittelalter Technik Taktik Theorie(Weinheim VCH Acta Humaniora 1990)

Society at War The Experience of England and France during the Hundred Years WarCTAllmand ed (New York Barnes amp Noble 1973)

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoThe Anglo-French wars 1294ndash1340 Allies and alliancesrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 15ndash35

Vale Malcolm GA War and Chivalry Warfare and Aristocratic Culture in EnglandFrance and Burgundy at the End of the Middle Ages (Athens University of Georgia Press 1981)

Von Creacutecy bis Mohaacutecs Kriegswesen im spaumlten Mittelalter 1346ndash1526 [International Commission for Military History Proceedings no 22] (Wien Heeresgeschichtliches Museum 1997)

War Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976)

War and Government in the Middle Ages Essays in Honour of JOPrestwich John Gillingham amp JCHolt eds (Cambridge Eng Brewer 1984)

War and Society 1300ndash1600 [Reports and Conference Papers Birkbeck College London 6 July 1961] Past and Present 22 (1962) 3ndash35

War in the Early Modern World 1450ndash1815 Jeremy Black ed (London UniversityCollege London Press 1999)

Wohlfeil Rainer ldquoDas Heerwesen im Uumlbergang vom Ritter zum Soumlldnerheerrdquo Staatsverfassung und Heeresverfassung in der europaumlischen Geschichte der fruumlhen Neuzeit Johannes Kunisch ed [Historische Forschungen Bd 28] (Berlin Duncker amp Humblot 1986) 107ndash127

Wright Nicholas ldquoFeudalism and the Hundred Years Warrdquo Feudalism Comparative

Medieval welfare 13

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Studies Edmund Leach et al eds (Sydney Pathfinder 1985) 105ndash123

ENGLAND SCOTLAND WALES AND IRELAND

Abels Richard ldquoEnglish tactics strategy and military organization in the late tenthcenturyrdquo Battle of Maldon AD 991 DScragg ed (Oxford Blackwell 1991) 143ndash155

Anglo-Norman Warfare Studies in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman Military Organization and Warfare Matthew Strickland ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1992)

Armies Chivalry and Warfare in Medieval Britain and France Matthew Strickland ed [Harlaxton Medieval Studies 7] (Stamford Conn Paul Watkins 1998)

Armstrong Olive G Edward Brucersquos Invasion of Ireland (London John Murray 1923) Ayton Andrew ldquoWar and the English gentry under Edward IIIrdquo History Today 42

(1992) 34ndash40 Bachrach Bernard S ldquoSome observations on the military administration of the Norman

conquestrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 8 (1985) 1ndash26 Bachrach Bernard S amp Rutherford Aris ldquoMilitary technology and garrison organization

Some observations on Anglo-Saxon military thinking in light of the Burghal Hidagerdquo Technology and Culture 31 (1990) 1ndash17

Barker Juliet RV The Tournament in England 1100ndash1400 (Woodbridge Boydell 1986)

Barlow Frank ldquoMilitary society and the art of warrdquo William I and the Norman Conquest (London English Universities Press 1965 Pb New York Collier 1967)chapter 2

Barrow GWS The Kingdom of the Scots Government Church and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century (London EArnold 1973)

Barrow GWS Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (London Eyre amp Spottiswoode 1965 2d ed Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press 1976)

Beeler John ldquoTowards a reevaluation of medieval English generalshiprdquo Journal ofBritish Studies 3 (1963) 1ndash10

Beeler John Warfare in England 1066ndash1189 (Ithaca Cornell University Press 1966) Bradbury Jim Stephen and Matilda The Civil War of 1139ndash53 (Stroud Alan Sutton

1996) Brett Martin ldquoWarfare and its restraints in England 1066ndash1154rdquo ldquoMilitia Christirdquo e

crociata nei secoli XIndashXIII [Atti della undecima settimana internazionale di studio Mendola 1989] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1992) 129ndash144

Brill Reginald ldquoThe English preparations before the treaty of Arras A new interpretation of Sir John Fastolfrsquos lsquoReportrsquo September 1455rdquo Studies in Medieval amp Renaissance History 7 (1970) 211ndash247

Brooks Nicholas P ldquoArms status and warfare in late-Saxon Englandrdquo Ethelred the Unready [Papers from the Millenary Conference] David Hill ed (Oxford BritishArchaeological Reports 59 1978) 81ndash103

Brooks Nicholas P ldquoThe development of military obligations in eighth-and ninth-century Englandrdquo England before the Conquest Studies in Primary Sources presented


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

to Dorothy Whitelock Peter Clemoes amp Kathleen Hughes eds (Cambridge CambridgeUniversity Press 1971) 69ndash84

Brooks Nicholas P ldquoEngland in the ninth century The crucible of defeatrdquo TRHS 5th ser 29 (1979) 1ndash20

Brown AL ldquoThe English campaign in Scotland 1400rdquo British Government andAdministration Studies presented to SBChrimes Harry Hearder amp HRLoyn eds (Cardiff University of Wales Press 1974) 40ndash54

Burne Alfred H ldquoJohn of Gauntrsquos grande chevaucheacuteerdquo History Today 9 (1959) 113ndash121

Campbell James ldquoEngland Scotland and the hundred years war in the fourteenthcenturyrdquo Europe in the late Middle Ages (London Faber amp Faber 1965) 184ndash216

Colvin HM ldquoCastles and government in Tudor Englandrdquo EHR 83 (1968) 225ndash234 Cook David R ldquoThe Norman military revolution in Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 1

(1978) 94ndash102 Coss Peter The Knight in Medieval England 1000ndash1400 (Stroud Alan Sutton 1993) Cruickshank Charles G Army Royal Henry VIIIrsquos Invasion of France 1513 (London

Oxford University Press 1969) Davies JConway ldquoThe Despenser war in Glamorganrdquo TRHS 3d ser 9 (1915) 21ndash64 Denholm-Young N ldquoFeudal Society in the thirteenth century the knightsrdquo Collected

papers (Cardiff University of Wales Press 1969) 83ndash94 Dickinson Gladys ldquoSome Notes on the Scottish army in the first half of the sixteenth

centuryrdquo Scottish Historical Review 28 (1949) 133ndash145 Douglas David C William the Conqueror (Berkeley University of California Press

1964) Drummond JDouglas Studien zur Kriegsgeschichte Englands im 12 Jahrhundert

(Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelms Universitaumlt 1905) Duncan AAM ldquoThe Scotrsquos invasion of Ireland 1315rdquo The British Isles 1100ndash1500

RRDavies ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1998) 100ndash117 Duncan AAM ldquoThe war of the Scots 1306ndash1323rdquo TRHS 6th ser 2 (1992) 125ndash151 England and Ireland in the Later Middle Ages James FLydon ed (Dublin Irish

Academic Press 1981) The English Government at Work JFWillard William AMorris JRStrayer amp

WHDunham eds 3 vols (Cambridge Mass Medieval Academy of America 1940ndash1950)

Fortescue JW A History of the British Army 12 vols (London Macmillan 1899ndash1927)

Frame Robin ldquoWar and peace in the medieval lordship of Irelandrdquo The English in Medieval Ireland James Lydon ed (Dublin Royal Irish Academy 1984) 118ndash141

Gillingham John ldquoConquering the barbarians War and chivalry in twelfth-century Britainrdquo Haskins Society Journal 4 (1992) 67ndash84

Gillingham John Richard Coeur de Lion Kingship Chivalry and War in the TwelfthCentury (London Hambledon 1994)

Gillingham John ldquoRichard I and the science of war in the middle agesrdquo War andGovernment in the Middle Ages Essays in Honor of JOPrestwich (Cambridge Brewer 1984) 78ndash91

Medieval welfare 15

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Gillingham John ldquoWar and chivalry in the History of William the Marshalrdquo Thirteenth-Century England II [Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987] PRCoss amp SDLloyd eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1988) 1ndash13

Gillingham John The Wars of the Roses Peace and Conflict in Fifteenth-Century England (London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 1981)

Given-Wilson Chris ldquoWar politics and parliamentrdquo The Making of Britain The Middle Ages Lesley MSmith ed (London Macmillan 1985) 55ndash70

Glover Richard ldquoEnglish warfare in 1066rdquo EHR 67 (1952) 1ndash18 Goodman Anthony ldquoReligion and warfare in the Anglo-Scottish marchesrdquo Medieval

Frontier Societies Robert Bartlett amp Angus MacKay eds (Oxford Clarendon 1989) 245ndash266

Goodman Anthony The Wars of the Roses Military Activity and English Society 1452ndash1497 (London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1981 Pb London Routledge 1991)

Grant Alexander ldquoThe Otterburn war from the Scottish point of viewrdquo War and BorderSocieties in the Middle Ages Anthony Goodman amp Anthony Tuck eds (LondonRoutledge 1992) 30ndash64

Grose Francis Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time 2 vols (London SHooper 1786ndash1788 2d ed London Stockdale 1812)

Haigh Philip A The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses (Stroud Alan Sutton 1995)

Hale JR The Art of War and Renaissance England (Washington DC Folger Library 1961)

Harriss Gerald L ldquoWar and the emergence of the English parliament 1297ndash1360rdquo Journal of Medieval History 2 (1976) 35ndash56

Haskins George L ldquoA chronicle of the civil wars of Edward IIrdquo Speculum 14 (1939) 73ndash81

Hewitt HJ The Organization of War under Edward III 1338ndash1362 (Manchester Manchester University Press 1966)

Hollister CWarren ldquoThe Anglo-Norman civil war 1101rdquo EHR 88 (1973) 315ndash334 Hollister CWarren Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions on the Eve of the Norman

Conquest (Oxford Clarendon 1962) Hollister CWarren ldquoThe Campaign of 1102 against Robert of Bellecircmerdquo Studies in

Medieval History presented to RAllen Brown CHarper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 193ndash202

Hollister CWarren ldquoMilitary obligation in late-Saxon and Norman Englandrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) 169ndash186

Hollister CWarren The Military Organization of Norman England (Oxford Clarendon 1965)

Hollister CWarren ldquoWar and diplomacy in the Anglo-Norman world The reign ofHenry Irdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 6 (1983) 72ndash88

Hooper Nicholas ldquoAnglo-Saxon warfare on the eve of the Conquest A brief surveyrdquo Anglo- Norman Studies 1 (1978) 84ndash93

Hooper Nicholas ldquoMilitary development in the reign of Cnutrdquo The Reign of Cnut Kingof England Denmark and Norway Alexander RRumble ed (Leicester Leicester


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

University Press 1994) 89ndash100 Jacob EF Henry V and the Invasion of France (London Hodder amp Stoughton 1947) John Eric ldquoWar and society in the tenth century The Maldon campaignrdquo TRHS 5th

ser 27 (1977) 173ndash195 Kapelle William E The Norman Conquest of the North The Region and Its

Transformation 1000ndash1135 (Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 1979) Keen Maurice ldquoRichard IIrsquos Ordinance of War of 1385rdquo Rulers and Ruled in Late

Medieval England Essays presented to Gerald Harriss Rowena E Archer amp Simon Walker eds (London Hambledon 1995) 33ndash48

King DJCathcart ldquoThe defense of Wales 1067ndash1283 The other side of the hillrdquo Archaeologia Cambrensis 126 (1977) 1ndash16

Lander JR The Wars of the Roses (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1990) Latimer Paul ldquoHenry IIrsquos campaign against the Welsh in 1165rdquo Welsh History Review

14 (1989) 523ndash552 Lemmon Charles H ldquoThe campaign of 1066rdquo The Norman Conquest (New York

Charles Scribnerrsquos Sons 1966) 77ndash122 Lloyd Simon English Society and the Crusade 1216ndash1307 (Oxford Clarendon 1988) Lydon James F ldquoThe Bruce invasion of Irelandrdquo Historical Studies 4 (1963) 111ndash125 Lydon James F ldquoEdward I Ireland and the war in Scotland 1303ndash1304rdquo England and

Ireland in the Later Middle Ages JLydon ed (Dublin Irish Academic Press 1981)43ndash61

Lydon James F ldquoAn Irish army in Scotland 1296rdquo The Irish Sword 5 (1982) 184ndash191 Mate Mavis ldquoThe impact of war on the economy of Canterbury cathedral priory 1294ndash

1340rdquo Speculum 57 (1982) 761ndash778 McFarlane KB ldquoWar the economy and social change England and the hundred years

warrdquo Past and Present 22 (1962) 3ndash13 McFarlane KB ldquoThe Wars of the Rosesrdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 50

(1964) 87ndash119 McHardy AK ldquoThe English clergy and the hundred years warrdquo Studies in Church

History 20 (1983) 171ndash178 A Military History of Ireland Thomas Bartlett amp Keith Jeffery eds (Cambridge

Cambridge University Press 1996) Miller Edward War in the North The Anglo-Scottish Wars of the Middle Ages [St

Johnrsquos College Cambridge Lecture] (Hull University of Hull 1960) Morgan Philip War and Society in Medieval Cheshire 1277ndash1403 [Chetham Society

3d ser 34] (Manchester Manchester University Press 1987) Morillo Stephen Warfare under the Anglo-Norman Kings 1066ndash1135 (Woodbridge

Boydell 1994) Morris John E The Welsh Wars of Edward I A Contribution to Mediaeval Military

History based on Original Documents (Oxford Clarendon 1901 Rp 1968) Myres JNL ldquoThe Campaign of Radcot bridge in December 1387rdquo EHR 62 (1927)

20ndash33 Newhall RA ldquoDiscipline in an English army of the fifteenth centuryrdquo The Military

Historian and Economist 2 (1917) 141ndash151 Nicholson Ranald Edward III and the Scots The Formative Years of a Military Career

Medieval welfare 17

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1327 1335 (Oxford Oxford University Press 1965) Nicholson Ranald ldquoAn Irish expedition to Scotland in 1335rdquo Irish Historical Studies 13

(1963) 197ndash211 Norman AVB amp DPottinger Warrior to Soldier 449ndash1660 (London Weidenfield amp

Nicholson 1966 2d ed retitled English Weapons and Warfare 449ndash1660 (London Arms and Armour Press 1979)

Ormrod WM ldquoThe domestic response to the hundred years warrdquo Arms Armies andFortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds(Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 83ndash101

The Oxford History of the British Army David Chandler ed (Oxford Oxford University Press 1997)

Phillips JRS Aymer de Valence Earl of Pembroke 1307ndash1324 Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II (Oxford Clarendon 1972)

Phillips JRS ldquoDocuments on the early stages of the Bruce invasion of Ireland 1315ndash1316rdquo Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 79 (1979) 247ndash270

Pollard AJ North-Eastern England during the Wars of the Roses Lay Society War and Politics 1450ndash1500 (Oxford Clarendon 1990)

Pollard AJ The Wars of the Roses (Basingstoke Macmillan 1988) Postan MM ldquoSome social consequences of the Hundred Years Warrdquo Economic

History Review 12 (1942) 1ndash12 Powicke FM The Loss of Normandy 1189ndash1204 Studies in the History of the Angevin

Empire (Manchester Manchester University Press 1913 2d ed 1961) Prestwich JO ldquoThe military household of the Norman kingsrdquo EHR 96 (1981) 1ndash35 Prestwich JO ldquoMilitary intelligence under the Norman and Angevin kingsrdquo Law and

Government in Medieval England and Normandy George Garnett amp John Hudson eds (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1994) 1ndash30

Prestwich Michael ldquoEnglish armies in the early stages of the hundred years war A scheme in 1341rdquo BIHR 56 (1983) 102ndash113

Prestwich Michael ldquoThe English campaign in Scotland in 1296 and the surrender ofJohn Balliol Some supporting evidencerdquo BIHR 49 (1976) 135ndash138

Prestwich Michael ldquoA new account of the Welsh campaign of 1294ndash1295rdquo Welsh History Review 6 (June 1972) 89ndash94

Prestwich Michael The Three Edwards War and State in England 1272ndash1377(London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 1980 Pb London Methuen 1981)

Prestwich Michael War Politics amp Finance under Edward I (London Faber amp Faber 1972)

Prince Albert E ldquoThe Army and Navyrdquo The English Government at Work I(Cambridge Mass Medieval Academy of America 1940) 332ndash393

Rogers Clifford J ldquoEdward III and the dialectics of strategyrdquo TRHS 6th ser 4 (1994) 83ndash102

Ross Charles The Wars of the Roses A Concise History (New York Thames amp Hudson 1977)

Round JH ldquoMilitary tenure before the conquestrdquo EHR 12 (1897) 492ndash494 Rowlands Ifor ldquoThe Edwardian conquest and its military consolidationrdquo Edward I and

Wales Trevor Herbert amp Gareth Elwyn Jones eds (Cardiff University of Wales


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Press 1988) 41ndash72 Scotland and War AD 79ndash1918 Norman Macdougall ed (Edinburgh John Donald

1991) Searle Eleanor amp Robert Burghart ldquoThe defence of England and the peasantsrsquo revoltrdquo

Viator 3 (1972) 365ndash388 Security and Defense in South-West England Before 1800 [First symposium of the

Centre for South-Western historical studies November 1986] Robert Higham ed[Exeter Studies in History 19] (Exeter University of Exeter 1987)

Shelby Lonnie R John Rogers Tudor Military Engineer (Oxford Clarendon 1967) Simms Katharine From Kings to Warlords The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic

Ireland in the Later Middle Ages (Woodbridge Boydell 1987) Simms Katharine ldquoWarfare in the medieval Gaelic lordshipsrdquo The Irish Sword 12

(1975ndash1976) 98ndash108 Smail RC ldquoArt of Warrdquo Medieval England ALPoole ed (Oxford Clarendon 1958)

vol 1 128ndash167 Stell Geoffrey ldquoDestruction and damage A reassessment of the historical and

architectural evidencerdquo Scotland at War AD 79ndash1918 Norman MacDougall ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1991) 24ndash35

Stenton Frank M The First Century of English Feudalism 1066ndash1166 (Oxford Oxford University Press 1932 2d ed 1961)

Storey RL ldquoLincolnshire and the Wars of the Rosesrdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 14 (1970) 64ndash83

Strickland Matthew ldquoAgainst the lordrsquos annointed Aspects of warfare and baronial rebellion in England and Normandy 1075ndash1265rdquo Law and Government in MedievalEngland and Normandy George Garnett amp John Hudson eds (Oxford OxfordUniversity Press 1992) 56ndash79

Strickland Matthew ldquoMilitary technology and conquest The anomaly of Anglo-Saxon Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 19 (1996) 353ndash382

Strickland Matthew ldquoSecuring the north Invasion and the strategy of defense in twelfth-century Anglo-Scottish warfarerdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 12 (1989) 177ndash198

Strickland Matthew War and Chivalry The Conduct and Perception of War in Englandand Normandy 1066ndash1217 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996)

Suppe Frederick Military Institutions on the Welsh Marches Shropshire 1066ndash1300(Woodbridge Boydell and Brewer 1992)

Templeman G ldquoEdward III and the beginnings of the Hundred Years Warrdquo TRHS 5th ser 2 (1952) 69ndash88

Tuck JA ldquoWar and society in the medieval northrdquo Northern History 21 (1985) 33ndash52 Tyerman Christopher England and the Crusades 1095ndash1588 (Chicago University of

Chicago Press 1988) Vale Juliet Edward III and Chivalry Chivalric Society and its Context 1270ndash1350

(Woodbridge Boydell 1983) Vale Malcolm GA ldquoEdward I and the French Rivalry and chivalryrdquo Thirteenth-

Century England PRCoss amp SDLloyd eds vol 2 (Woodbridge Boydell 1988)165ndash176

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoSir John Fastolfrsquos lsquoreportrsquo of 1435 A new interpretation

Medieval welfare 19

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

reconsideredrdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 17 (1973) 78ndash84 Walker RF ldquoWilliam de Valence and the army of west Walesrdquo Welsh History Review

18 (1997) 407ndash429 War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages Anthony Goodman amp Anthony Tuck eds

(London Routledge 1992) Weir Alison The Wars of the Roses (New York Ballantine 1995)

FRANCE AND THE LOW COUNTRIES

Allmand CT ldquoThe aftermath of war in fifteenth-century Francerdquo History 61 (1976) 344ndash357

Allmand CT ldquoChanging views of the soldier in late medieval Francerdquo Guerre etsocieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 171ndash188

Allmand CT Lancastrian Normandy 1415ndash1450 The History of a MedievalOccupation (Oxford Clarendon 1983)

Arms Armies amp Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1994)

Aubenas R ldquoTrois testaments militaires de fils de famillerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 44 (1934) 5ndash16

Audouin Edouard Essai sur lrsquoarmeacutee royale au temps de Philippe Auguste (Paris EChampion 1913) (Revised from the articles in Le Moyen Acircge 25 (1912) 201ndash235 26 (1913) 1ndash41)

Bailly Auguste La Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris Fayard 1943) Barbier Pierre La France feacuteodale (St Brieuc Presses Bretonnes 1968) Baume Andrew ldquoLes opeacuterations militaires anglaises pour expulser les compagnies

franccedilaises du Pays de Caux et du Vexin normand 1436ndash1437rdquo [Actes du IIIe Congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Poitiers 1986] (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1986) 393ndash400

Bennett Matthew ldquoThe development of battle tactics in the hundred years warrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1994) 1ndash20

Bischoff Georges ldquoAspects militaires de la guerre des paysans en Alsacerdquo Violence etContestation au Moyen Acircge [Actes du 114e Congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Paris 1989] (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1990) 249ndash266

Boutaric Edgard Institutions militaires de la France avant les armeacutees permanentes(Paris Plon 1863 Rp Geneacuteve Meacutegariotis 1978)

Boutruche Robert La Crise drsquoune socieacuteteacute Seigneurs et paysans du Bordelais pendant la guerre de cent ans (Paris Belles Lettres 1947 2d ed 1963)

Brusten Charles LrsquoArmeacutee bourguignonne de 1465 agrave 1468 (Bruxelles Van Muysewinkel 1954)

Brusten Charles ldquoLes campagnes lieacutegeoises de Charles le Teacutemeacuterairerdquo Liegravege etBourgogne [Colloque de Liegravege 28ndash30 octobre 1968] (Paris Les Belles Lettres 1972) 81ndash99


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Brusten Charles ldquoLes itineacuteraires de lrsquoarmeacutee bourguignonne de 1465 agrave 1478rdquo Publication du Centre europeacuteen drsquoeacutetudes burgundo-meacutedianes 2 (1960) 55ndash67

Carolus-Barreacute Louis ldquoCompiegravegne et la guerre 1414ndash1430rdquo La ldquoFrance Anglaiserdquo au moyen acircge [Actes du 111e Congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Poitiers 1986] (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1988) 383ndash392

Cassard Jean-Christophe ldquoLa Guerre des Bretons armoricains au haut moyen acircgerdquo RH275 (1986) 3ndash27

Cazelles Raymond ldquoLa reacuteglementation royale de la guerre priveacutee de Saint Louis agrave Charles V et la preacutecariteacute des ordonnancesrdquo Revue historique de droit franccedilais eteacutetranger 38 (1960) 530ndash548

Cazelles Raymond La Socieacuteteacute politique et la crise de la royauteacute sous Philippe de Valois(Paris Librairie drsquoArgences 1958)

Chacircteau et socieacuteteacute castrate au moyen acircge Jean-Marc Pastreacute ed [Actes du colloque de Rambures des 7 8 amp 9 mars 1997] (Rouen Universiteacute de Rouen 1998)

Chevanne JRobert de Les guerres de Bourgogne de 1470 agrave 1475 Eacutetude sur les interventions armeacutees des franccedilais au ducheacute sous Charles le Teacutemeacuteraire (Paris Picard 1934)

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquoArmeacutee de Philippe Augusterdquo La France de Philippe Auguste Le Temps des mutations [Actes du colloque international agrave Paris 29 septembre-4 octobre 1980] (Paris CNRS 1982) 577ndash594

Contamine Philippe ldquoLes armeacutees franccedilaise et anglaise agrave lrsquoeacutepoque de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Revue des socieacuteteacutes savantes de haute Normandie 57 (1970) 5ndash33

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquoart de la guerrerdquo La France meacutedieacutevale Jean Favier ed (Paris Fayard 1983) 265ndash283

Contamine Philippe ldquoLes Compagnies drsquoaventure en France pendant la Guerre de Cent ansrdquo Meacutelanges de lrsquoEcole franccedilaise de Rome 87 (1975)365ndash396

Contamine Philippe La France au XIVe et XVe siegravecles Hommes mentaliteacutes guerre etpaix (London Variorum 1981)

Contamine Philippe Guerre eacutetat et socieacuteteacute agrave la fin du moyen acircge Eacutetudes sur les armeacutees des rois de France 1337ndash1494 [Ecole pratique des hautes eacutetudes VIe section Civilisations et socieacuteteacutes 24] (Paris Mouton 1972)

Contamine Philippe La guerre de Cent Ans [Que sais-je no 1309] (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1972)

Contamine Philippe ldquoLa Guerre de Cent Ans en France Une approche eacuteconomiquerdquo BIHR 47 (1974) 125ndash149

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquohistoire militaire et lrsquohistoire de la guerre dans la France meacutedieacutevale depuis trente ansrdquo Tendances perspectives et meacutethodes de lrsquohistoire meacutedieacutevale [Actes du 100e congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Paris 1975) Vol I (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1977) 71ndash93

Contamine Philippe ldquoNaissance de lrsquoinfanterie franccedilaise (milieu XVe-milieu XVIe

siegravecle) Quatriegraveme centenaire de la bataille de Coutras (Paris Association Henry IV 1989) 63ndash88

Contamine Philippe ldquoStructures militaires de la France et de lrsquoAngleterre au milieu du XVe siegraveclerdquo Das spaumltmittelalterliche Koumlnigtum im europaumlischen VergleichRSchneider ed [Vortraumlge und Forschungen Band 32] (Sigmaringen Jan Thorbecke

Medieval welfare 21

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1987) 319ndash334 Curry Anne The Hundred Years War (Basingstoke Macmillan 1993) Curry Anne ldquoThe impact of war and occupation on urban life in Normandy 1417ndash

1450rdquo French History 1 (1987) 157ndash181 Curry Anne ldquoSex and the soldier in Lancastrian Normandy 1415ndash1450rdquo Reading

Medieval Studies 14 (1988) 17ndash45 Curry Anne ldquoTowns at war Relations between the towns of Normandy and their

English rulers 1417ndash1450rdquo Towns and Townspeople in the Fifteenth CenturyJAFThomson ed (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1988) 148ndash172

Delmaire Bernard ldquoLa Guerre en Artois apregraves la bataille de Coutrai 1302ndash1303rdquo LaGuerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 131ndash141

Deloffre Guy ldquoGuerres et brigandages au XVe siegravecle en Hainaut Pays drsquoAvesnes Thieacuterache et Ardennesrdquo Meacutemoires de la socieacuteteacute archeacuteologique et historique de lrsquoarrondissement drsquoAvesnes (Nord) 29 (1985) 264ndash514

Denifle Heinrich La Deacutesolation des eacuteglises monastegraveres et hocircpitaux en France pendantla Guerre de Cent Ans 2 vols (Paris Picard 1897ndash1899 Rp Bruxelles Culture et civilisation 1965)

Devos Jean-Claude ldquoLrsquoOrganisation de la deacutefense de lrsquoArtois en 1297rdquo Bulletin philologique et historique du comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1957) 47ndash55

DrsquoHaenens Albert Les invasions normandes en Belgique du IXe siegravecle Le pheacutenomegravene etsa reacutepercussion dans lrsquohistoriographie meacutedieacutevale (Louvain University Press 1967)

Dossat Yves ldquoLrsquoAgenais vers 1325 apregraves la campagne de Charles de Valoisrdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 143ndash154

Essen Leacuteon van der ldquoLrsquoArmeacutee espagnole en Flandre au XVIe siegraveclerdquo Revue geacuteneacuterale(15 janvier-15 feacutevrier 1940) 30ndash51 227ndash242

Evans Michael R ldquoBrigandage and resistance in Lancastrian Normandy A study of theremission evidencerdquo Reading Medieval Studies 18 (1992) 103ndash134

Favier Jean La Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris Fayard 1980) Favreau Robert La Commanderie du Breuil-du-Pas et la Guerre de Cent Ans dans la

Saintonge meacuteridionale (Jonzac Universiteacute francophone drsquoeacuteteacute 1986) Finoacute J-F ldquoLes armeacutees franccedilaises lors de la guerre de cent ansrdquo Gladius 13 (1977) 5ndash

23 Finoacute J-F ldquoQuelques aspects de lrsquoart militaire sous Philippe Augusterdquo Gladius 6 (1967)

19ndash36 Flori Jean ldquoMort et martyre des guerriers vers 1100 Lrsquoexemple de la premiegravere

croisaderdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 34 (1991) 121ndash139 Fowler Kenneth ldquoBertrand du Guesclin careerist in armsrdquo History Today 39 (1989)

37ndash43 France John ldquoLa guerre dans la France feacuteodale agrave la fin du IXe et au Xe siegraveclesrdquo Revue

Belge drsquohistoire militaire 23 (1979) 177ndash198 Gaier Claude ldquoAnalysis of military forces in the principality of Liegravege and the county of

Looz from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuryrdquo Studies in Medieval and RenaissanceHistory 2 (1965) 205ndash261

Gaier Claude ldquoLrsquoapparition de lrsquoinfanterie suisse dans la principauteacute de Liegravege a la fin du


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

XVe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin de la commission communale drsquohistoire de lrsquoancien pays de LiegravegeAnnuaire drsquohistoire lieacutegeoise 24 (1990) 1ndash16

Gaier Claude ldquoLa fonction strateacutegico-deacutefensive du plat pays au moyen acircge dans la reacutegion de la Meuse moyennerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 69 (1963) 753ndash771

Gaier Claude ldquoMentaliteacute collective de lrsquoinfanterie communale lieacutegeoise au moyen acircgerdquo Revue internationale drsquohistoire militaire 30 (1970) 109ndash119

Gaier Claude ldquoAux origines de lrsquoindustrie houillegravere lieacutegeoise La renommee militaire des mineurs de Liegravegerdquo Annales de la feacutedeacuteration archeacuteologique et historique de Belgique vol 1 (Liegravege 1969) 131ndash140

Gillingham John ldquoWilliam the Bastard at warrdquo Studies in Medieval History Presentedto RAllen Brown CHarper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 141ndash158

Gleacutenisson Jean ldquoNotes drsquohistoire militaire Quelques lettres de deacutefi du XIVe siegraveclerdquo BEC 107 (1947ndash1948) 235ndash254

Grava Yves ldquoLa Guerre au XIVe siegravecle Un exemple provenccedilal Martiguesrdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 179ndash192

Gunn Steven ldquoThe French wars of Henry VIIIrdquo The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe JBlack ed (Edinburgh JDonald 1987) 28ndash51

Hajdu Robert ldquoCastles castellans and the structure of politics in Poitou 1152ndash1271rdquo Journal of Medieval History 4 (1978) 27ndash53

Harmand Adrien Jeanne drsquoArc Ses costumes son armure Essai de reconstitution(Paris Ernest Leroux 1929)

Heacutebert Michel ldquoLrsquoArmeacutee provenccedilale en 1374rdquo Annales du Midi 91 (1979) 5ndash27 Heirbaut Dirk ldquoDe militaire rol van de feodaliteit in het graafschap Vlaanderen

gedurende de 11de en 12de eeuwrdquo Revue Belge drsquohistoire militaire 29 (1992) 311ndash318

Henneman John B ldquoThe Military class and the French monarchy in the late middleagesrdquo AHR 83 (1978) 946ndash965

Herwaarden Jvan ldquoThe war in the Low Countriesrdquo Frossiart Historian JJN Palmer ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 101ndash117

Hewitt HJ The Black Princersquos Expedition of 1355ndash1357 (Manchester ManchesterUniversity Press 1958)

Histoire militaire de la France Vol 1 Des origines agrave 1715 Philippe Contamine ed (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1992)

Huguet Adrien Aspects de la guerre de cent ans en Picardie maritime 1400ndash1450[Meacutemoires de la socieacuteteacute de antiquaires de Picardie 48 and 50] 2 vols (Amiens Museacutee de Picardie 1944)

Jones Michael ldquoThe Breton civil warrdquo Froissart Historian JJNPalmer ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 64ndash81

Jones Michael ldquoWar and fourteenth-century Francerdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 103ndash120

Joris A ldquoRemarques sur les clauses militaires des privilegraveges urbains liegravegeoisrdquo RevueBelge de philologie et drsquohistoire 37 (1959) 297ndash316

Jouet Roger La reacutesistance agrave lrsquooccupation anglaise en Basse-Normandie (1418ndash1450)[Cahier des Annales de Normandie 5] (Caen Museacutee de Normandie 1969)

Medieval welfare 23

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nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Jusselin Maurice ldquoComment la France se preacuteparait agrave la Guerre de Cent Ansrdquo BEC 73 (1912) 209ndash236

Lalou Elisabeth ldquoLes questions militaires sous le regravegne de Philippe le Belrdquo Guerre etsocieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 37ndash62

Lander JR ldquoThe Hundred Years War and Edward IVrsquos 1475 campaign in Francerdquo Tudor Men and Institutions Studies in English Law and Government Arthur JSlavin ed (Baton Rouge Louisiana State University 1972) 70ndash100

Le Cacheux Paul Rouen au temps de Jeanne drsquoArc et pendant lrsquooccupation anglaise 1419ndash1449 (Paris APicard 1931)

Leguai Andreacute La Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris Nathan 1974) Le Maho Jacques ldquoLrsquoapparition des seigneuries chacirctelaines dans le Grand-Caux agrave

lrsquoeacutepoque ducalerdquo Archeacuteologie meacutedieacutevale 6 (1976) 5ndash148 Le Patourel John ldquoThe Origins of the warrdquo The Hundred Yearsrsquo War KA Fowler ed

(London Macmillan 1971) 28ndash50 Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the Reign of

Henry VI Joseph Stevenson ed (London Longman Green 1861ndash1864) Lewis Archibald R The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society 718ndash

1050 (Austin University of Texas Press 1965) Lewis Archibald R ldquoJames the Conqueror Montpellier and southern Francerdquo The

Worlds ofAlfonso the Learned and James the Conqueror Intellect and Force in the Middle Ages Robert IBurns ed (Princeton Princeton University Press 1985) 130ndash149

Lloyd Alan The Hundred Years War (London Hart-Davis 1977) Lot Ferdinand amp Robert Fawtier ldquoInstitutions militairesrdquo Histoire des Institutions

franccedilaises au moyen acircge Bk 5 vol 2 Institutions royales (Paris Presses Univeritaire de France 1958) 511ndash544

Louise Geacuterard ldquoChacircteaux et frontiegravere seigneuriale au XIe siegravecle lrsquoexemple du Saosnois aux confins de la seigneurie de Bellecircme et du comteacute du Mainerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 14 (1988) 223ndash245

Lucas Henry Stephen The Low Countries and the Hundred Years War 1326ndash1347(Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press 1929 Rp Philadelphia Porcupine Press 1976)

Luce Simeacuteon Histoire de Bertrand du Guesclin et son eacutepoque La jeunesse de Bertrand(1320ndash1364) (Paris Hachette 1876 3d ed 1896)

Luyn Pvan ldquoLes milites dans la France du XIe siegravecle Examen des sources narrativesrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 77 (1971) 5ndash51 193ndash238

Menkeacutes Fred ldquoAspects de la guerre de Provence agrave la fin du XIVe siegraveclerdquo Eacuteconomies etsocieacuteteacutes au moyen acircge Meacutelanges Edouard Perroy (Paris Sorbonne 1973) 465ndash476

Michaud Heacutelegravene ldquoLes institutions militaires des guerres drsquoItalie aux guerres de religionrdquo RH 258 (1977) 29ndash43

Mollat du Jourdin Michel La Guerre de Cent Ans vue par ceux qui lrsquoont veacutecue (Paris Seuil 1992)

Monicat Jacques Les Grandes compagnies en Velay 1358ndash1392 [Socieacuteteacute des eacutetudes locales Haute Loire no 8] (Paris HChampion 1928)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Newhall Richard A The English Conquest of Normandy 1416ndash1424 A Study in Fifteenth-Century Warfare [Yale Historical Publications 13] (New Haven Yale University Press 1924)

Perroy Edouard La Guerre de Cent Ans [La Suite des temps 13] (Paris Gallimard 1945) Tr (WBWells) The Hundred Years War (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1959 Rp New York Capricorn 1965)

Plaisse Andreacute A trovers le Cotentin La grande chevaucheacutee guerriegravere drsquoEdouard III en 1346 (Paris Isoegravete 1994)

Plaisse Andreacute and Sylvie Plaisse La Vie municipale agrave Eacutevreux pendant la guerre de centans (Evreux Socieacuteteacute libre de lrsquoEure 1978)

Platelle H ldquoLa Violence et ses remegravedes en Flandre au XIe siegraveclerdquo Sacris erudiri 20 (1971)103ndash173

Pons Nicole ldquoLa guerre de cent ans vue par quelques poleacutemistes franccedilais du XVe

siegraveclerdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle(Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 143ndash169

Pons Nicole ldquoLa propagande de guerre franccedilaise avant lrsquoapparition de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Journal des Savants (avril-juin 1982) 191ndash214

Potter David War and Government in the French Provinces Picardy 1470ndash1560(Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1993)

Rapp Franccedilis ldquoStrasbourg et Charles le Hardi LrsquoAmpleur et le prix de lrsquoeffort militairerdquo Cinq-Centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy 1477 (Nancy lrsquoUniversiteacute 1979) 395ndash414

The Recovery of France in the Fifteenth Century PSLewis ed (New York Harper ampRow 1971)

Richard Jean ldquoChacircteaux chacirctelains et vassaux en Bourgogne aux XIe et XIIe siegraveclesrdquo Cahiers de civilization meacutedieacutevale 3 (1960) 433ndash447

Rogers Clifford J ldquoThe Military revolutions of the Hundred Years Warrdquo Journal ofMilitary History 57 (1993) 241ndash278

Rouche Michel ldquoLes Aquitans ont-ils trahi avant la bataille de Poitiersrdquo Le Moyen Acircge74 (1968) 5ndash26

Rowe BJH ldquoA Contemporary account of the Hundred Years War from 1415 to 1429rdquo EHR 41 (1926) 504ndash513

Rowe BJH ldquoDiscipline in the Norman garrison under Bedford 1422ndash1435rdquo EHR 46 (1931) 194ndash208

Schnerb Bertrand ldquoLa preacuteparation des opeacuterations militaires au deacutebut du XVe siegravecle Lrsquoexemple drsquoun document preacutevisionnel bourguignonrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVe XVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 189ndash196

Seward Desmond The Hundred Years War The English in France 1337ndash1453(London Constable 1978)

Sherborne James ldquoJohn of Gaunt Edward IIIrsquos retinue and the French campaign of1369rdquo Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages A Tribute to Charles RossRAGriffiths amp JSherborne eds (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1986) 40ndash61

Solon Paul D ldquoPopular response to standing military forces in fifteenth-century Francerdquo Studies in the Renaissance 19 (1972) 78ndash111

Medieval welfare 25

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Solon Paul D ldquoValois military administration on the Norman frontier 1445ndash1461 A Study in medieval reformrdquo Speculum 51 (1976) 91ndash111

Spiegel Gabrielle M ldquolsquoDefense of the realmrsquo Evolution of a Capetian propaganda sloganrdquo Journal of Medieval History 3 (1977) 115ndash133

Sproemberg Heinrich ldquoDie feudale Kriegskunstrdquo Beitraumlge zur belgischniederlaumlndischen Geschichte (Berlin Akademie Verlag 1959) 30ndash55

Sumption Jonathan The Hundred Years War Vol 1 Trial By Battle (London Faber amp Faber 1990) Vol II Trial by Fire (London Faber amp Faber 1999) Pb (PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania Press 1999)

Templeman G ldquoTwo French attempts to invade England during the Hundred Years Warrdquo Studies in French Language Literature and History Presented to RLGRitchieFraser MacKenzie et al eds (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1949) 225ndash238

Thoen E ldquoOorlogen en Platteland Sociale en ekonomische aspekten van militairedestruktie in Vlaanderen tijdens de late middeleeuwen en de vroege moderne tijdenrdquo (Warfare and the countryside Social and economic aspects of the militarydestruction in Flanders during the late middle ages and the early modern period) The Low Countries history yearbook (Acta historiae neerlandicae) 13 (1980) 25ndash39

Timbal Pierre-Cleacutement La Guerre de cent ans vue agrave travers les registres du parlement 1337ndash1369 (Paris CNRS 1961)

Tourneur-Aumont J ldquoLrsquoOriginaliteacute militaire de Du Guesclinrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 48 (1930) 1ndash13

Tuetey Alexandre Les Ecorcheurs sous Charles VII 2 vols (Montbeacuteliard HBarbier 1874)

Vale Malcolm GA The Angevin Legacy and the Hundred Years War 1250ndash1340(Oxford Blackwell 1990)

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoThe Gascon nobility and the Anglo-French war 1294ndash1298rdquo Warand Government in the Middle Ages Essays in Honour of JOPrestwich John Gillingham amp JCHolt eds (Cambridge Brewer 1984) 134ndash146

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoThe war in Aquitainerdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 69ndash82

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoWarfare and the life of the French and Burgundian nobility in thelate middle agesrdquo Adelige Sachkultur des Spaumltmittelalters [Internationaler Kongreszlig Krems an der Donau 22ndash25 September 1980] (Wien Verlag der Oumlsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1982) 170ndash180

Verbruggen J-F Het leger en de vloot van de graven van Vlaanderen vanaf het onstaantot in 1305 [Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen Kl der Letteren 38] (Bruxelles Paleis der Academien 1960)

Verbruggen J-F ldquoDe Militairen I In de Middeleeuwen en de bourgondische tijdrdquo Flandria Nostra 5 (Antwerpen NV Standaard-Bockhandel 1960) 161ndash233

Verbruggen J-F ldquoVlaamse gemeentelegers tegen Franse ridderlegers in de 14e en 15e

eeuwrdquo Revue Belge drsquohistoire militaire 24 (1981) 359ndash382 Viard Jules ldquoLa guerre de Flandre (1328)rdquo BEC 83 (1922) 362ndash382 Waale Marinus J De Arkelse oorlog 1401ndash1412 Een politieke krijgskundiges en


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

economische analyse [Middeleeuwse studies en bronnen 17] (Hilversum Verloren 1990)

Waale Marinus J ldquoMilitary and financial aspects of warfare in Holland around 1400rdquo Journal of Medieval History 17 (1991) 333ndash351

Wood Diana ldquoOmnino partialitate cessante Clement VI and the Hundred Years Warrdquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 179ndash189

Wright NAR ldquoPillagers and brigands in the Hundred Years Warrdquo Journal of MedievalHistory 9 (1983) 15ndash24

Wright Nicholas Knights and Peasants The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside (Woodbridge Boydell 1998)

GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND

Brouhl Reinhard Woumlrterbuch zur deutschen Militaumlrgeschichte 2 vols (Berlin Militaumlrverlag der DDR 1985)

Christiansen Eric The Northern Crusades The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier 1100ndash1525 (London Macmillan 1980)

Conrad Hermann Geschichte der deutschen Wehrfassung (Muumlnchen Huumlber 1939) Elgger Carl von Kriegswesen und Kriegskunst der schweizerischen Eidgenossen im XIV

XV und XVI Jahrhundert (Luzern Militaumlrisches Verlagsbureau 1873) Fiedler Siegfried Kriegswesen und Kriegfuumlhrung im Zeitalter der Landsknechte

[Heerwesen der Neuzeit Abt I Bd 2] (Koblenz Bernard amp Graefe 1985) Frauenholz Eugen von Deutsche Kriegsgeschichte (Leipzig Karl WHiersemann

1942) Gagliardi Ernst Der Anteil der Schweizer an den italienischen Kriegen 1494ndash1516

(Zuumlrich Von Schulthess 1919) Gilliam Helmut ldquoDer Neusser Krieg Wendepunkt der europaumlischen Geschichterdquo Neuss

Burgund und das Reich (Neuss Stadtarchiv Neuss 1975) 201ndash254 Hummelberger Walter ldquoDie Bewaffnung der Buumlrgerschaft im Spaumltmittelalter am

Beispiel Wiensrdquo Das Leben in der Stadt des Spaumltmittelalters [Internationaler Kongreszlig Krems an der Donau 20bis 23 September 1976 Oumlsterreich Akad Sitzungsberichte Bd 325] (Wien 1977) 191ndash206

Jaumlhns Max Geschichte der Kriegswissenschaften vornehmlich in Deutschland 3 vols [Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland Bd 21] (Muumlnchen amp Leipzig ROldenbourg 1889ndash1991 Rp Hildesheim George Olms 1965)

Johrendt Johann ldquolsquoMilitesrsquo und lsquoMilitiarsquo im ll Jahrhundert in Deutschlandrdquo Das Rittertum im Mittelalter Arno Borst ed [Wege der Forschung Bd 349] (DarmstadtWissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1976) 419ndash436

Kohler Charles A ldquoLa conquecircte du Tessin par les Suisses 1500ndash1503 agrave propos drsquoune brochure reacutecenterdquo RH 45 (1891) 308ndash323

Kohler Charles A Les Suisses dans les guerres drsquoItalie de 1506 agrave 1512 (Genegraveve JJullien 1877)

Krogmann Willy ldquoMit Wehr und Waffenrdquo Zeitschrift des Savigny-Stiftung fuumlrRechtsgeschichte Germanistische Abteilung 83 (1966) 280ndash295

Medieval welfare 27

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Meier-Welcker Hans ldquoDas Militaumlrwesen Kaiser Friedrichs II Landesverteidigung Heerund Flotte im sizilischen lsquoModellstaatrsquordquo Revue internationale drsquohistoire militaire(1975) 9ndash48

Meyer Werner ldquoHochalpine Ruumlstungen in der Schweizrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 10 (1980) 483ndash495

Meyer Wolfgang ldquoBewaffnung und Kriegstechnikrdquo Andreas Baumkircher und seine Zeit Rudolf Kropf amp Wolfgang Meyer eds [Symposium im Rahmen der SchlainingerGespraumlche vom 24ndash26 September 1982 auf Burg Schlaining] (Eisenstadt Burgenlaumlndisches Landesmuseum 1983) 105ndash150

Petrin Silvia Der Oumlsterreichische Hussitenkrieg 1420ndash1434 (Wien OumlsterreichischerBundesverlag 1982)

Peucker Eduard von Das deutsche Kriegswesen 2 vols (Berlin Decker 1860ndash1864) Pieri Piero ldquoFederico II di Svevia e la guerra del suo tempordquo Archivio storico Pugliese

13 (1960) 114ndash131 Redlich Fritz The German Military Enterpriser and his Work Force A Study in

European Economic and Social History 2 vols [Vierteljahrschrift fuumlr Sozialund Wirtschaftsgeschichte Beiheft no 47] (Wiesbaden Franz Steiner 1964ndash1965)

Reichel Daniel ldquoLrsquoart de la guerre agrave la fin du XVe siegravecle Analyse de quelques preceacutedeacutes de combat utiliseacutes par les Suissesrdquo Milano nellrsquoetagrave di Ludovico il Moro [Atti del Convegno internazionale 28 febbraio-4 marzo 1983] (Milano Archivio storico civico1983) 185ndash194

Reuter Timothy ldquoEpiscopi cum sua militia The prelate as warrior in the early Staufererardquo Warriors and Churchmen in the High Middle Ages Essays presented to KarlLeyser TReuter ed (London Hambledon 1992) 79ndash94

Roulet Louis-Edouard ldquoLrsquoObstacle de la montagne dans les guerres de Bourgognerdquo Revue internationale drsquohistoire militaire 65 (1988) 91ndash104

Roulet Louis-Edouard ldquoLa route Bern-Genegraveve et les guerres de Bourgognerdquo Publication du Centre europeacutean drsquoeacutetudes burgondo-meacutedianes 23 (1983) 43ndash52

Rumpel Roland ldquoDer Krieg als Lebenselement in der alten und spaumltmittelalterlichen Eidgenossenschaftrdquo Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuumlr Geschichte 33 (1983) 192ndash206

Sablonier Roger ldquoEacutetat et structures militaires dans la confeacutederation autour des anneacutees 1480rdquo Cinq-Centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy 1477 (NancylrsquoUniversiteacute 1979) 429ndash447

Schaufelberger Walter ldquoDas eidgenoumlssische Wehrwesen im Spaumltmittelalter im Lichte moderner Militaumlrgeschichtswissenschaftrdquo Neujahrsblatt der Feuerwerkergesellschaftin Zuumlrich (1975) 5ndash27

Schaufelberger Walter ldquoZu einer Charakterologie des altschweizerischen Kriegertumsrdquo Schweizerisches Archiv fuumlr Volkskunde 56 (1960) 48ndash87

Schaufelberger Walter ldquoGuerre et guerriers suisses agrave la fin du moyen acircgerdquo Revuemilitaire suisse 115 no 7 (1970) 297ndash312

Schaufelberger Walter Kriegsfuumlhrung und Kriegertum zur Sempacher Zeit 1385ndash1389 Eine kleine Gedenkschrift zu einem groszligen Ereignis (Zuumlrich Gesellschaft fuumlrmilitaumlrhistorische Studienreisen 1986)

Schaufelberger Walter ldquoZum Problem der militaumlrischen Integration in der spaumltmittelalterlichen Eidgenossenschaftrdquo Allgemeine schweizerische Militaumlrzeitschrift


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

136 (1970) 313ndash328 Schmitthenner Paul ldquoDas Ritterheer des Mittelaltersrdquo Deutsche Heeresgeschichte Karl

Linnebach ed (Hamburg Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt 1935) 33ndash58 Schnitzer Maria Die Morgartenschlacht im werdenden schweizerischen

Nationalbewuszligtsein [Geist und Werk der Zeiten Heft 21] (Zuumlrich Fretz und Wasmuth 1969)

Schuumlnemann Konrad ldquoDeutsche Kriegsfuumlhrung im Osten waumlhrend des Mittelaltersrdquo Deutsches Archiv fuumlr Geschichte des Mittelalters (1938) 54ndash84

Stuumlssi-Lauterburg Juumlrg Helvetias Toumlchter Frauen in der Schweizer Militaumlrgeschichte von der Entstehung der Eidgenossenschaft bis zur Gruumlndung des Frauenhilfsdienstes (1291ndash1939) (Frauenfeld Huber 1989)

Wackernagel Hans Georg ldquoKriegsbraumluche in der mittelalterlichen Eidgenossenschaftrdquo Schriften der schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuumlr Volkskunde Band 38 (1959) 283ndash317

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Almeida Joatildeo de Roteiro dos monumentos militares Portugueses 3 vols (Lisboa Ediccedilatildeo do autor 1945ndash1948)

Barkai Ron Cristianos y musulmanes en la Espatildena medieval El enemigo en el espejo(Madrid Rialp 1984)

Beleacuten Saacutenchez Prieto Ana Guerra y guerreros en Espatildena seguacuten las fuentes canoacutenicas de la edad media (Madrid Estado mayor del ejeacutercito 1990)

Brodman James W ldquoMilitary redemptionism and the Castilian reconquest 1180ndash1250rdquo Military Affairs 44 (1980) 24ndash27

Carriazo Juan de M ldquoHistoria de la guerra de Granadardquo Historia de Espatildena 17 i Ramoacuten Meneacutendez Pidal ed (Madrid Espasa-Calpe 1969) 387ndash914

Cook Weston F Jr ldquoThe cannon conquest of N srid Spain and the end of the Reconquistardquo Journal of Military History 57 (1993) 43ndash70

Cressier Patrice ldquoLe chacircteau et la division territoriale dans lrsquoAlpujarra meacutedieacutevale du hisn agrave la t rsquoardquo Meacutelanges de la Casa de Velaacutezquez 20 (1984) 115ndash144

Fuentes Cervera Eduardo de ldquoEl ejeacutercito y las armas en la eacutepoca de los reyes catoacutelicosrdquo Curso de conferencias sobre la poliacutetica africana de los reyes catoacutelicos [Madrid] 3 (1951) 67ndash87

Garciacutea-Moreno Luis A ldquoOrganizacioacuten militar de Bizancio en la peniacutensula ibeacutericardquo Hispania 33 (1973) 5ndash22

Gerbet Marie-Claude ldquoLes guerres et lrsquoaccegraves agrave la noblesse en Espagne de 1465 a 1592rdquo Meacutelanges de la Casa de Velaacutezquez 8 (1972) 295ndash326

Glick Thomas F From Muslim Fortress to Christian Castle Social and CulturalChange in Medieval Spain (Manchester Manchester University Press 1996)

Historia del Ejeacutercito Espantildeol Joseacute Mariacutea Gaacuterate Coacuterdoba ed 2 vols [Servicio histoacuterico militar] (Madrid Becafe 1981ndash1984 vol 1 2d ed 1983)

Ladero Quesada Miguel Angel Castilla y la conquista del reino de Granada(Valladolid Universidad 1967)

Ladero Quesada Miguel Angel Militia y economiacutea en la guerra de Granada El cerco de

Medieval welfare 29

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Baza [Estudios y documentos 22] (Valladolid Universidad 1964) Lanuza Cano Francisco El Ejeacutercito en tiempo de los reyes catoacutelicos (Madrid Federico

Domenech 1953) Larrea Rojas Jon Antonio Fernaacutendez de Guerra y sociedad en Navarra durante la edad

media (Bilbao Universidad del Paiacutes Vasco 1992) Lewis AR ldquoCataluntildea como frontera militar 870ndash1050rdquo Anuario de estudios

medievales 5 (1968) 15ndash29 Lourie Elena ldquoA society organized for war medieval Spainrdquo Past and Present 35

(1966) 54ndash76 Martiacuten JL ldquoOriacutegenes de la orden militar de Santiago (1170ndash1195)rdquo Anuario de

estudios medievales 4 (1967) 571ndash590 Miranda Calvo Joseacute ldquoConsiderations militares sobre la conquista araacutebiga del Guadalete

a Toledordquo Anales Toledanos 6 (1973) 3ndash122 Palomeque Torres Antonio ldquoContribution al estudio del ejeacutercito en los estados de la

Reconquistardquo Anuario de historia del derecho espantildeol 15 (1944) 205ndash351 Petit Ernest ldquoCroisades bourguignonnes centre les Sarazins drsquoEspagne au XIe siegraveclerdquo

RH 30 (1886) 259ndash272 Prescott William H The Art of War in Spain The Conquest of Granada 1481ndash1492

Albert McJoynt ed (London Greenhill 1995) Quatrefages Reneacute ldquoEacutetat et armeacutee en Espagne au deacutebut des temps modernesrdquo Meacutelanges

de la Casa de Velaacutezquez 17 (1981) 85ndash103 Russell PE The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III

and Richard II (Oxford Clarendon 1955) Russell PE ldquoThe War in Spain and Portugalrdquo Froissart Historian JJN Palmer ed

(Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 82ndash100 Sablonier Roger Krieg und Kriegertum in der Croacutenica des Ramoacuten Muntaner Eine

Studie zum spaumltmittelalterlichen Kriegswesen aufgrund Katalanischer Quellen [Geistund Werk der Zeiten Bd 31] (Bern Herbert Lang 1971)

Saacutenchez-Albornoz Claudio ldquoEl ejeacutercito y la guerra en el reino asturleones 718ndash1037rdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 293ndash428

Saacutenchez-Albornoz Claudio ldquoLa perdida de Espantildea El ejeacutercito visigodo su proto-feudalizacioacutenrdquo Cuadernos de historia de Espantildea 43ndash44 (1967) 5ndash73

Seco de Lucena Paredes Luiacutes ldquoNew light on the military campaign of Almanzorrdquo Islamic Quarterly 14 (1970) 126ndash142

Stewart Paul ldquoMilitary command and the development of the viceroyalty underFerdinand and Isabellardquo Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 5 (1975) 223ndash242

Stewart Paul ldquoThe Soldier the bureaucrat and fiscal records in the army of Ferdinand and Isabellardquo Hispanic American Historical Review 49 (1969) 281ndash292

Ubieto Areta A ldquoLa guerra en la edad media seguacuten los fueros de la liacutenea del Tajordquo Saitabi 16 (1966) 91ndash120

Vigoacuten Jorge El ejeacutercito de los reyes catoacutelicos (Madrid Editorial Nacional 1968)

ITALY


Dow

nloa

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by [

Uni

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f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Ancona Clemente ldquoMilizie e condottierirdquo Storia drsquoItalia vol 5 pt 1 (Torino Giulio Einaudi 1973) 643ndash665

Argiolas Tommaso Armi ed eserciti del rinascimento italianohellip (Roma Newton Compton 1991)

Battisti Carlo ldquoI nomi longobardi delle armi e le loro sopravvivenze nella lingua e neidialetti italianirdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 1067ndash1099

Bertolini Ottorino ldquoOrdinamenti militari e struttare sociali dei Longobardi in Italiardquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 429ndash607

Block Willibald Die Condottieri Studien ldquoUumlber die sogenannten lsquounblutigen Schlachtenrsquordquo Historische Studien Heft 110 (1913)

Bowsky William M ldquoCity and contade Military relationships and communal bonds in fourteenth-century Sienardquo Renaissance Studies in honor of Hans Baron AMolho amp JATedeschi eds (Dekalb Northern Illinois University Press 1971) 75ndash98

Chamberlain ER ldquoThe lsquoEnglishrsquo mercenary companies in Italyrdquo History Today 6 (1956) 334ndash343

Correnti Santi La Guerra dei novantrsquoanni e le ripercussioni europee delta guerra delVespero (1282ndash1372) vol 1 (Catania Muglia 1973)

Crivelli Aldo ldquoLa disfatta milanese del 28 dicembre 1478rdquo Giornico 1478ndash1978Roberto Forni et al eds (Locarno Armando Dado 1979) 43ndash73

Cuozzo Errico ldquoQuei maledetti Normanni Cavalieri e organizzazione militare nelmezzogiorno normanno Lrsquoaltra Europa 4 (1989)

Da Mosto Andrea ldquoOrdinamenti militari delle soldatesche dello stato romano del 1430al 1470rdquo Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 5 (1903) 19ndash34

Deiss Joseph J Captains of Fortune Profiles of Six Italian Condottieri (London Gollancz 1966)

Documenti per Servire alla storia della milizia italiana dal XIII secolo al XVI Raccoltinegli archivi della Toscana Giuseppe Canestrini ed [Archivio storico italiano 15] (Firenze GPVieusseux 1851)

Fasoli Gina ldquoFeudo e castellordquo Storia drsquoItalia vol 5 pt 1 (Torino Giulio Einaudi 1973) 261ndash308

Franceschini Ezio ldquoI due assalti dei saraceni a SDamiano e ad Assisirdquo Aevum 27 (1953) 289ndash306

Franceschini Gino ldquoBoldrino da Panicale Contribute alla storia delle milizie mercenarie italianerdquo Bollettino della deputazione di storia patria dellrsquo Umbria 46 (1949)118ndash139

Galletti Anna I ldquoLa societagrave comunale di fronte alla guerra nelle fonti perugine del 1282rdquo Bollettino della deputazione di storia patria per lrsquoUmbria 71 (1974) 35ndash98

Gasparri Stefano I milites cittadini Studi sulla cavalleria in Italia [Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo] Nuovi studi storici 19 (1992)

Gasparri Stefano ldquoStrutture militari e legami di dipendenza in Italia in etagrave longobarda e carolingiardquo Rivista storica italiana 98 (1986) 664ndash726

Goumlbbels Joachim ldquoDie Militaumlrorganisation im staufischen Koumlnigreich Sizilienrdquo Friedrich II Tagung des deutschen historischen Instituts in Rom im Gedenkjahr 1994Arnold Esch amp Norbert Kamp eds (Tuumlbingen Max Niemeyer 1996) 486ndash500

Medieval welfare 31

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Goumlbbels Joachim Das Militaumlrwesen im Koumlnigreich sizilien zur Zeit Karls I von Anjou(1265ndash1285) [Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters Bd 29] (StuttgartAHiersemann 1984)

Green Louis ldquoChanges in the nature of war in early fourteenth-century Tuscanyrdquo Warand Society 1 (1983) 1ndash24

Guerra e Guerrieri nella Toscana Medievale Franco Cardini amp Marco Tangheroni eds (Firenze Edifir 1990)

Guerra e Guerrieri nella Toscana del Rinascimento Franco Cardini amp Marco Tangheroni eds (Firenze Edifir 1990)

Hale JR ldquoCastiglionersquos military careerrdquo Italian Studies 36 (1981) 41ndash57 Hale JR ldquoFrom peacetime establishment to fighting machine The Venetian army and

the war of Cyprus and Lepantordquo Il Mediterraneo nella seconda metagrave dell 500 alla luce di Lepanto Gino Benzoni ed (Firenze Leo S Olschki 1974) 163ndash184

Hale JR ldquoPrinting and military culture of renaissance Venicerdquo Mediaevalia etHumanistica ns 8 (1977) 21ndash62

Hale JR ldquoRenaissance armies and political control The Venetian proveditorial system1509ndash1529rdquo Journal of Italian History 2 (1979) 11ndash31

Issacs Ann K ldquoCondottieri stati e territori nellrsquoItalia centralerdquo Federico di Montefeltro Lo stato le arti la cultura Giorgio CBaiardi et al eds [Biblioteca del cinquecento 30] (Roma Bulzoni 1986) 23ndash60

Katele Irene B ldquoPiracy and the Venetian state The dilemma of maritime defense in the fourteenth Centuryrdquo Speculum 63 (1988) 865ndash889

Keller Hagen ldquoMilitia Vasallitaumlt und fruumlhes Rittertum im Spiegel oberitalienischerMiles-Belege des 10 und 11 Jahrhundertsrdquo Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 62 (1982) 59ndash118

Lenzi Maria Ludovica ldquoFanti e cavalieri nelle prime guerre drsquoItalia (1494ndash1527)rdquo Ricerche storiche (Firenze) anno 7 no 1 (1977) 7ndash92 anno 8 no 1 (1978) 359ndash415

Lenzi Maria Ludovica La Pace strega Guerra e societagrave in Italia dal XIII al XVI secolo(Montepulciano Grifo 1988)

Lopez Robert S ldquoIl principle della guerra Veneto-Turca nel 1463rdquo Archivio Veneto 64 (1934) 45ndash131

Mallett Michael E ldquoDiplomacy and war in later fifteenth-century Italyrdquo Proceedings ofthe British Academy 67 (1981) 267ndash288 Rp in Art and Politics in Renaissance ItalyGeorge Holmes ed (Oxford Oxford University Press 1993) 137ndash158

Mallett Michael E ldquoLrsquoescercito Veneziano in terraferma nel quattrocentordquo Armi e cultura nel Bresciano (Brescia Ateneo di Brescia 1981) 181ndash196

Mallett Michael E Mercenaries and their Masters Warfare in Renaissance Italy(London Bodley Head 1974)

Mallett Michael E ldquoPreparations for war in Florence and Venice in the second half ofthe fifteenth centuryrdquo Florence and Venice Comparisons and Relations [Villa I Tatti Conferences Sergio Bertili et al eds vol 1] (Firenze La Nuova Italia 1979) 149ndash164

Mallett Michael E ldquoVenice and its condottieri 1404ndash1454rdquo Renaissance VeniceJRHale ed (London Faber amp Faber 1973) 121ndash145

Mallett Michael E ldquoVenice and the war of Ferrara 1482ndash1484rdquo War Culture and


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Society in Renaissance Venice David SChambers et al eds (London Hambledon1993) 57ndash72

Mallett Michael E amp JRHale The Military Organization of a Renaissance State Venice c 1400ndash1617 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1984)

Pieri Piero ldquoAlfonso V drsquoAragona e le armi italianerdquo Scritti Vari [Universitagrave di Torino Pubblicazioni della facoltagrave di magistero 29] (Torino GGiappichelli 1966) 91ndash97

Pieri Piero La Crisi militare italiana nel rinascimento nelle sue relazioni con la crisipolitica ed economica (Napoli Ricciardi 1934)

Pieri Piero Il Rinascimento e la crisi militare italiana [Biblioteca di cultura storica 45] (Torino Einaudi 1952 2d ed 1970)

Pieri Piero ldquoLa Scienza militare italiana del rinascimentordquo Rivista storica italiana 50 (1933) 262ndash281 Rp in Scritti Vari (Torino Giappichelli 1966) 99ndash119

Piva Edoardo La Guerra di Ferrara del 1482 Periodo primo lrsquoalleanza dei Veneziani con Sisto IV (Padova Angelo Draghi 1893)

Puddu Raffaele ldquoIstituzioni militari societagrave et stato tra medioevo e rinascimentordquo Rivista storica italiana 87 (1975) 749ndash769

Rasi Piero ldquoExercitus Italicusrdquo e milizie cittadine nellrsquoalto medioevo [Pubblicazioni dellrsquoIstituto di diritto romano 2] (Padova Antonio Milani 1937)

Ricotti Ercole Storia delle compagnie di ventura in Italia 4 vols (Torino Giuseppe Pomba 1845ndash1847)

Sambin Paolo ldquoLa guerra del 1372ndash1373 tra Venezia e Padovardquo Archivio Veneto 76ndash77 (1948) 1ndash76

Schaumlfer Karl Heinrich Deutsche Ritter und Edelknechte in Italien waumlhrend des 14 Jahrhunderts 4 vols (Paderborn FSchoumlningh 1911ndash1940)

Secco drsquoAragona Fermo ldquoUn giornale della guerra di Ferrara (1482ndash1484) nelle lettere di un condottiero milanese-mantovanordquo Archivio storico Lombardo 84 (1957) 317ndash345

Settia Aldo A Comuni in guerra Armi ed eserciti nellrsquoItalia delle cittagrave [Biblioteca di storia urbana medievale 7] (Bologna Cooperativa libraria universitaria 1993)

Settia Aldo A ldquoLrsquoingegneria militare allrsquoepoca di Federico IIrdquo Studi storici 32 (1991) 69ndash85

Settia Aldo A ldquoI Milanesi in guerra Organizzazione militare e tecniche di combattimentordquo [Atti dellrsquo XIo Congresso internazionale di studi sullrsquoalto medioevo Milano 1987] (Spoleto CISAM 1989) 265ndash289

Settia Aldo A ldquoZone strategiche e borghi nuovi Aspetti della guerra nellrsquoetagrave comunalerdquo Studi storici 31 (1990) 983ndash997

Tabacco Giovanni ldquoIl regno italico nei secoli IXndashXIrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 763ndash790

Taylor Frederick L The Art of War in Italy 1494ndash1529 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1921 Rp Westport Conn Greenwood 1973)

Toubert Pierre Les Structures du Latium meacutedieacuteval Le Latium meacuteridional et la Sabine du IXe siegravecle agrave la fin du XIIe siegravecle 2 vols [Bibliothegraveque des eacutecoles franccedilaises drsquoAthegravenes et de Rome 221] (Roma Ecole franccedilaise de Rome 1973)

Trease Geoffrey The Condottieri Soldiers of Fortune (New York Holt Rinehart 1971)

Medieval welfare 33

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Vaccari Pietro La territorialitagrave come base dellrsquoordinamento giuridico del contado nellrsquoItalia medioevale (Pavia Tipogafia cooperativa 1921 2d ed Milano Giuffre1963)

Varanini Gian Maria ldquoLa signoria scaligera e i suoi eserciti Prime in-daginirdquo GliScaligeri 1277ndash1387 Gian Maria Varanini ed (Verona Arnoldo Mondadori 1988)167ndash180

Waley Daniel P ldquoThe army of the Florentine republic from the twelfth to the fourteenthcenturyrdquo Florentine Studies NRubinstein ed (London Faber amp Faber 1968) 70ndash108

Waley Daniel P ldquoCombined operations in Sicily AD 1060ndash1078rdquo Papers of the British School in Rome 22 (1954) 118ndash125

Waley Daniel P ldquoCondotte and condottieri in the thirteenth centuryrdquo Proceedings ofthe British Academy 61 (1975) 337ndash371

War Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice David SChambers Cecil H Clough amp Michael EMallett eds [Essays in honour of JRHale] (London Hambledon 1993)

Webb Diana M ldquoCities of god the Italian communes at warrdquo Studies in Church History20 (1983) 111ndash127

Zug Tucci Hannelore ldquoIl Carroccio nella vita comunale italianardquo Quellen undForschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 65 (1985) 1ndash104

SCANDINAVIA

Binns Alan Viking Voyagers Then and Now (London Heinemann 1980) Davidson HREllis The Viking Road to Byzantium (London George Allen amp Unwin

1976) Griffith Paddy The Viking Art of War (London Greenhill 1995) Musset Lucien ldquoProblegravemes militaires du monde Scandinave (VIIendashXIIe siegravecles)rdquo

Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 228ndash291 The Oxford History of the Vikings Peter Sawyer ed (Oxford Oxford University Press

1997) Les Vikings Les Scandinaves et lrsquoEurope 800ndash1200 [Catalogue drsquoune exposition au

Grand Palais 2 avril-12 juillet 1992] (Paris Association franccedilaise drsquoaction artistique 1992)

Wilson David M ldquoDefence in the Viking agerdquo Problems in Economic and SocialArchaeology Gde Sieveking et al eds (London Duckworth 1976) 439ndash445

EASTERN EUROPE

Anguelov Dimitar Stefan Kachev amp Boris Tcholpanov Brsquolgarcka voenna istoriia otantich nosti do vtorata chetvrsquort na X v (Histoire militaire bulgare de lrsquoantiquiteacute jusqursquoau deuxiegraveme quart du Xe siegravecle) (Sofia Acadeacutemie bulgare des sciences 1983) With French summary

Babic Ivan ldquoMilitary historyrdquo Croatia Land People Culture Francis H Eterovich amp


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Christopher Spalatin eds (Toronto University of Toronto Press 1964) vol 1 131ndash166 Benninghoven Friedrich ldquoZur Technik spaumltmittelalterlicher Feldzuumlge im Ostbaltikumrdquo

Zeitchrift fuumlr Ostforschung 19 (1970) 631ndash651 Durdiacutek Jan Husitskeacute Vojenstviacute (Hussite military history) (Praha Nase Vojsko 1954)

Tr Hussitisches Heerwesen (Berlin Deutscher Militaumlrverlag 1961) Ekdahl Sven ldquoDer Krieg zwischen dem deutschen Orden und Polen-Litauen im Jahre

1422rdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr Ostforschung 13 (1964) 614ndash651 Engel Paacutel ldquoJaacutenos Hunyadi the decisive years of his career 1440ndash1444rdquo From Hunyadi

to Raacutekoacuteczi Jaacutenos Baacutek amp Beacutela Kiraacutely eds (New York Brooklyn College 1982) 103ndash123

Esper Thomas ldquoMilitary self-sufficiency and weapons technology in Muscovite Russiardquo Slavic Review 28 (1969) 185ndash208

From Hunyadi to Raacutekoacuteczi War and Society in Late Medieval and Early Modern Hungary Jaacutenos Baacutek amp Beacutela KKiraacutely eds [Eastern European Monographs no 104](New York Brooklyn College 1982)

Fuumlgedi Erik ldquoTwo kinds of enemies Two kinds of ideology Hungarian-Turkish wars in the fifteenth centuryrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian P McGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 146ndash160

Held Joseph Hunyadi Legend and Reality (Boulder Col East European Monographs1985)

Held Joseph ldquoMilitary reform in early fifteenth-century Hungaryrdquo East European Quarterly 11 (1972) 129ndash139

Held Joseph ldquoPeasants in arms 1437ndash1438 and 1456rdquo From Hunyadi to Raacutekoacuteczi (New York Brooklyn College 1982) 81ndash101

Histoire Militaire de la Pologne Problegravemes choisis Witold Bieganski Piotr Stawecki amp Janusz Wojtasik eds Tr (Roger Posnic et al) (Warsaw Wojskowy Instytut historgczny 1970)

Keep John LH Soldiers of the Tsar Army and Society in Russia 1462ndash1874 (Oxford Clarendon 1985)

Kiraacutely Beacutela K ldquoSociety and war from mounted knights to the standing armies ofabsolute kings Hungary and the Westrdquo From Hunyadi to Raacutekoacuteczi Jaacutenos M Baacutek amp Beacutela KKiraacutely eds (New York Brooklyn College 1982) 23ndash55

Kirpi nikov Anatolii N Drevnerusskoe Oružie (Medieval Russian Arms) (Reacutesumeacute franccedilais) (Leningrad Nauka 1966ndash1971)

Kirpi nikov Anatolii N Voennoe delo na Rusi v XIIIndashXV vv (LrsquoArt militaire en Russie des XIIIendashXVe siegravecles) (Leningrad Nauka 1976)

Komjathy Anthony T A Thousand Years of the Hungarian Art of War (New York Raacutekoacuteczi Foundation 1982)

Nadolski Andrzej ldquoLes fouilles archeacuteologiques et lrsquohistoire militaire de la Pologne au deacutebut du moyen acircgerdquo Histoire Militaire de la Pologne Problegravemes choisis (Warsaw Wojskowy Instytut historgczny 1970) 11ndash20

Perjeacutes Geacuteza The Fall of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary Mohaacutecs 1526-Buda 1541(Boulder Col Social Science Monographs 1989)

Stoicescu Nicolae ldquoContribution agrave lrsquohistoire de lrsquoarmeacutee roumaine au moyen acircge XVe siegravecle-premiegravere moitieacute du XVIIIe siegraveclerdquo Revue roumaine drsquohistoire 6 (1967) 731ndash

Medieval welfare 35

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

763 Szakaly Ferenc ldquoPhases of Turco-Hungarian warfare before the battle of Mohaacutecs (1365ndash

1526)rdquo Acta orientalia academiae scientiarum hungaricae 33 (1979) 65ndash111 Urban William ldquoThe Organization and defense of the Livonian frontier in the thirteenth

centuryrdquo Speculum 48 (1973) 525ndash532 Vernadsky George ldquoThe Byzantine-Russian war of 1043rdquo Suumldost-Forschungen 12

(1953) 47ndash67 Zygulski Zdzislaw ldquoDas Heer-und Militaumlrwesen der Jagiellonenrdquo Polen im Zeitalter der

Jagiellonen 1386ndash1572 Gottfried Stangler amp Franciszek Stolot eds (WienLandesmuseum 1986) 66ndash76

BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Ahrweiler Heacutelegravene ldquoLrsquoorganisation des campagnes militaires agrave Byzancerdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975) 89ndash96

Armies and Frontiers in Roman and Byzantine Anatolia Stephen Mitchell ed [Colloquium at University College Swansea April 1981 BAR series no 156] (Oxford British Archaeological Reports 1983)

Balard Michel ldquoAgrave propos de la bataille du Bosphore Lrsquoexpeacutedition geacutenoise de Paganino Doria agrave Constantinople 1351ndash1352rdquo Travaux et meacutemoires du centre de recherches drsquohistoire et civilisation byzantines (Paris CNRS 1970) 431ndash469

Bariži F ldquoLe siegravege de Constantinople par les Avares et les Slaves en 626rdquo Byzantion24 (1954) 371ndash395

Bartusis Mark C The Late Byzantine Army Arms and Society 1204ndash1453(Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1992)

Baynes Norman H ldquoThe emperor Heraclius and the military theme systemrdquo EHR 67 (1952) 380ndash381

Beševliev Veselin ldquoBulgaren als Soumlldner in den italienischen Kriegen Justinians Irdquo Jahrbuch der oumlsterreichischen Byzantinistik 29 (1980) 21ndash26

Beštevliev Veselin ldquoDie Feldzuumlge des Kaisers Konstantin V gegen die Bulgarenrdquo Eacutetudes Balkaniques 7 (1971) 5ndash17

Bloumlndal Sigfuacutes The Varangians of Byzantium An Aspect of Byzantine Military Historytranslated revised and rewritten by Benedikt SBenedikz (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1978)

Brown TS ldquoLacrimabile bellum The impact of war on societyrdquo Gentlemen andOfficers Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy AD 554ndash800 (Roma British School at Rome 1984) 39ndash60

Canard Marius ldquoSur deux termes militaires byzantins drsquoorigine orientalerdquo Byzantion 40 (1970) 226ndash229

Ciggaar Krijnie ldquoFlemish mercenaries in Byzantium Their later history in an old Norsemiraclerdquo Byzantion 51 (1981) 44ndash74

Dagron Gilbert ldquoCeux drsquoen face Les peuples eacutetrangers dans les traiteacutes militaires byzantinsrdquo Travaux et Meacutemoires 10 (1987) 207ndash232


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Dagron Gilbert ldquoLa Guerre aux frontiegraveres orientales de Byzance Xe siegraveclerdquo Annuaire du Collegravege de France 85 (1985) 713ndash716

Darkoacute E ldquoInfluences touraniennes sur lrsquoeacutevolution de lrsquoart militaire des Grecs des Romains et des Byzantinsrdquo Byzantion 10 (1935) 443ndash469 12 (1937) 119ndash147

Dedeyan Geacuterard ldquoLa contribution des Armeniens agrave lrsquoeffort de guerre de Byzance (IVendashXIe siegravecles)rdquo Forces armeacutees et systegravemes drsquoalliances [Colloque international drsquohistoire militaire Montpellier 2ndash6 septembre 1981 vol 1] (Paris Fondation pour les eacutetudes de deacutefense nationale 1981) 31ndash54

Dennis George T ldquoByzantine battle flagsrdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 8 (1982) 51ndash60 Durliat J ldquoMagister militum-statelates dans lrsquoempire Byzantin VIe VIIe siegraveclesrdquo

Byzantinische Zeitschrift 72 (1979) 306ndash320 Ensslin W ldquoThe Government and administration of the Byzantine empirerdquo Cambridge

Medieval History 4 pt 2 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1967) 1ndash54 Fauber Lawrence Narses Hammer of the Goths The Life and Times of Narses the

Eunuch (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1990) Grosse Robert ldquoDie Fahnen in der roumlmisch-byzantinischen Armee des 4ndash10

Jahrhundertsrdquo Byzantinische Zeitschrift 24 (1923ndash1924) 359ndash372 Haldon John F ldquoSome aspects of Byzantine military technology from the sixth to the

tenth centuriesrdquo Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1 (1975) 11ndash47 Haldon John F State Army and Society in Byzantium Approaches to Military Social

and Administrative History 6thndash12th Centuries (Aldershot Variorum 1995) Haldon John F amp HKennedy ldquoThe Arab-Byzantine frontier in the eighth and ninth

centuries Military organization and society in the borderlandsrdquo Recueil des travaux de lrsquoinstitut drsquoeacutetudes byzantines 19 (1980) 79ndash116

Hannestad Kund ldquoLes Forces militaires drsquoapregraves la guerre gothique de Procoperdquo Classica et Mediaevalia 21 (1961) 136ndash183

Heath Ian Byzantine Armies 886ndash1118 [Men-at-Arms] (London Osprey 1979) Higgins Martin J ldquoA note on the emperor Mauricesrsquo military administrationrdquo Analecta

Bollandiana 67 (1949) 444ndash446 Irmscher Johannes ldquoUumlber die Militaumlrwissenschaft der Byzantinerrdquo Das Altertum 32

(1986) 177ndash182 Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoArianism and the Byzantine army in Africa 533ndash546rdquo Traditio 21

(1965) 23ndash53 Kaegi Walter E Jr Byzantine Military Unrest 471ndash843 An Interpretation

(Amsterdam Adolf MHakkert 1981) Kaegi Walter E Jr Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge

Cambridge University Press 1992) Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoPatterns of political activity of the armies of the Byzantine

empirerdquo On Military Intervention Morris Janowitz amp Jacques van Doorn eds(Rotterdam Universitaire Pers 1971) 5ndash35

Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoRegionalism in the Balkan armies of the Byzantineempirerdquo [Actes du IIe congregraves international des eacutetudes du sud-est europeacuteen II Athegravenes 1970] (Athegravenes 1972)

Kaegi Walter E Jr Some Aspects of Byzantine Military Strategy (Brookline Mass Hellenic College 1983)

Medieval welfare 37

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoTwo studies in the continuity of late Roman and Byzantinemilitary institutionsrdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 8 (1982) 87ndash113

Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoWarfare Byzantinerdquo Dictionary of the Middle Ages vol 12 (New York Charles Scribner 1989) 546ndash550

Karayannopulos Johannes Die Entstehung der byzantinischen Themenordnung(Muumlnchen CHBeck 1959)

Kuumlhn Hans-Joachim Die byzantinische Armee im 10 und 11 Jahrhundert Studien zurOrganisation der Tagmata (Wien Fassbaumlnder 1991)

Liebeschuumltz John HWG Barbarians and Bishops Army Church and State in theReign of Arcadius and Chrysostom (Oxford Clarendon 1990)

Lilie Ralph-Johannes Byzanz und die Kreuzfahrerstaaten Studien zur Politik des byzantinischen Reiches gegenuumlber den Staaten der Kreuzfahrer in Syrien und Palastinabis zum vierten Kreuzzug (1096ndash1204) (Muumlnchen Wilhelm Fink 1981) Tr (JCMorris amp Jean ERidings) Byzantium and the Crusader States 1096ndash1204 (Oxford Clarendon 1993)

Lilie Ralph-Johannes ldquoDie zweihundertjaumlhrige Reform Zu den Anfaumlngen derThememorganisation im 7 und 8 Jahrhundertrdquo Byzantinoslavica 45 (1984) 27ndash39 190ndash201

Mazzucchi Carlo Maria ldquoLe Katagraphai dello Strategikon di Maurizio e lo schieramento di battaglia dellrsquoesercito romano nel vi-vii secolordquo Aevum 55 (1981) 111ndash138

Muumlller Albert ldquoDas Heer Justinians (nach Procop und Agathias)rdquo Philologus 71 (1912) 101ndash138

Oikonomidegraves Nicolas ldquoA chronological note on the first Persian campaign of Heraclius(622)rdquo Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1 (1975) 1ndash10

Oikonomidegraves Nicolas ldquoA propos des armeacutees des premiers Paleacuteologues et des campagnies de soldatsrdquo Travaux et Meacutemoires 8 (1981) 353ndash371

Pertusi Agostini ldquoOrdinamenti militari guerre in occidente e teorie di guerra deibizantini (secc VIndashX)rdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 631ndash700

Pringle Denys The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest AnAccount of the Military History and Archaeology of the African Provinces in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries 2 vols (Oxford British Archaeological Reports 1981)

Rassow Peter ldquoZum byzantinisch-normannischen Krieg 1147ndash1149rdquo Mitteilungen des Instituts fuumlr oumlsterreichische Geschichtsforschung 62 (1954) 213ndash218

Schlumberger Gustave ldquoDeux chefs normands des armeacutees byzantines au XIe siegravecle Sceaux de Herveacute et de Roussel de Bailleulrdquo RH 16 (1881) 289ndash303

Straumlssle Paul M ldquoKrieg Kriegfuumlhrung und Gesellschaft in Byzanz 9ndash12 Jhrdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 19 (1993) 149ndash169

Stratos Andreas N ldquoLa premiegravere campagne de lrsquoempereur Heacuteraclius centre les Persesrdquo Jahrbuch der oumlsterreichischen Byzantinistik 28 (1979) 63ndash74

Tobias Norman ldquoBasil I and Byzantine strategyrdquo Byzantine Studies 3 (1976) 30ndash55 Treadgold Warren T Byzantium and Its Army 284ndash1081 (Stanford Stanford

University Press 1995) Tuilier Andreacute ldquoByzance et la feacuteodaliteacute occidentale Les vertus guerriegraveres des premiers


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

croiseacutes drsquoapregraves lrsquoAlexiade drsquoAnne Comnegravenerdquo La Guerre et la Paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 35ndash50

War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th Centuries Yaacov Lev ed (Leiden Brill 1997)

MUSLIM STATES

Ahrweiler Heacutelegravene ldquoLrsquoAsie mineure agrave la veille des invasions Arabes Caractegravere ethnique et socialrdquo RH 227 (1962) 1ndash32

Amitai-Preiss Reuven Mongols and Mamluks The Mamluk-Ilkhamid War 1260ndash1281(Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1995)

Ayalon David ldquoThe end of the Maml k sultanaterdquo Studio Islamica 65 (1987) 125ndash148 Ayalon David ldquoPreliminary remarks on the Maml k military institution in Islamrdquo War

Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp ME Yapp eds (LondonOxford University Press 1975) 44ndash58

Ayalon David Studies on the Maml_ks of Egypt 1250ndash1517 (London Variorum 1977) Ayalon David ldquoStudies on the structure of the Maml k armyrdquo Bulletin of the School of

Oriental and African Studies 15 (1953) 203ndash228 448ndash476 16 (1954) 57ndash90 Barber Malcolm ldquoFrontier warfare in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem The campaign of

Jacobrsquos Ford 1178ndash1179rdquo The Crusades and their Sources John France amp William Zajac eds (Aldershot Ashgate 1998) 9ndash22

Becker CH ldquoDie Ausbreitung der Araber im Mittelmeergebietrdquo Islamstudien 1 (1924) 66ndash145 (Rp Hildesheim Georg Olms 1967)

Beldiceanu Nicoara ldquoLa campagne ottomane de 1484 Ses preacuteparatifs militaires et sa chronologierdquo Revue des eacutetudes roumaines 5ndash6 (1960) 67ndash77

Beshir BJ ldquoFatimid military organizationrdquo Der Islam 55 (1978) 37ndash56 Blankinship Khalid Yahya The End of the Jih d State The Reign of Hish IbnrsquoAbd Al-

Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany State University of New York 1994)

Bombaci Alessio ldquoThe Army of the Saljuqs of R mrdquo Istituto orientale di Napoli Annali ns 38 (1978) 343ndash369

Bosworth CE ldquoThe Armies of the Saff ridsrdquo Bulletin of the School of Oriental ampAfrican Studies 31 (1968) 534ndash554

Bosworth CE ldquoGhazneivid military organisationrdquo Der Islam 36 (1960) 37ndash77 Bosworth CE ldquoMilitary organisation under the B yids of Persia and Iraqrdquo Oriens 18

(1967) 143ndash167 Bosworth Edward ldquoArmies of the prophet Strategy tactics and weapons in Islamic

warfarerdquo The World of Islam BLewis ed (London Thames amp Hudson 1976) 201ndash224

Brett Michael ldquoWarfare Islamicrdquo Dictionary of the Middle Ages vol 12 (New York Charles Scribner 1989) 551ndash554

Brooks EW ldquoThe Campaign of 716ndash718 from Arabic sourcesrdquo Journal of Hellenic Studies 19 (1899) 19ndash31

Butzer KW ldquoDer Umweltfaktor in der groszligen arabischen Expansionrdquo Saeculum 8

Medieval welfare 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

(1957) 359ndash371 Cahen Claude ldquoLes changements techniques militaires dans le Proche Orient medieval

et leur importance historiquerdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle EastVJParry amp MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975) 113ndash124

Cahen Claude ldquoLa premiegravere peacuteneacutetration turque en Asie-Mineure (seconde moitieacute du XIe s)rdquo Byzantion 18 (1948) 5ndash67

Canard Marius ldquoLrsquoexpansion arabe le problegraveme militairerdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 37ndash63

Canard Marius ldquoLes expeacuteditions des arabes contre Constantinople dans lrsquohistoire et dans la leacutegenderdquo Cahiers de Tunisie 27 (1979) 397ndash451

Carlile Antonio ldquoAlle origini dellrsquoimpero latino drsquooriente Analisi quantitativa dellrsquoesercito crociato e ripartizione dei feudirdquo Nuova Rivista Storica 56 (1972) 288ndash314

Cheacutehab Maurice H Tyr agrave lrsquoeacutepoque des croisades Histoire militaire et diplomatique[Bulletin du Museacutee de Beyrouth 27ndash28] 2 vols (Paris Adrien Maisonneuve 1975)

Crusade and Settlement Peter WEdbury ed (Cardiff Wales University College Press 1983)

Donner Fred M The Early Islamic Conquests (Princeton Princeton University Press 1981)

Finucane Ronald C Soldiers of the Faith Crusaders and Moslems at War (London Dent 1983)

France John Victory in the East A Military History of the First Crusade (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1994)

Gabrieli Francesco ldquoGli Arabi in Spagna e in Italiardquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 701ndash720

Galstyan AG ldquoThe Conquest of Armenia by the Mongol armiesrdquo Armenian Review 27 (1974ndash1975) 356ndash377

Gibb HAR ldquoThe Armies of Saladinrdquo Cahiers drsquohistoire egyptienne 3 (1951) 304ndash320

Glidden Harold ldquoA note on early Arabian military organizationrdquo Journal of the American Oriental Society 56 (1936) 88ndash91

Glubb John R Soldiers of Fortune The Story of the Mamlukes (London Hodder amp Stoughton 1973)

Halm Heinz ldquoDie Ayyubidenrdquo Geschichte der arabischen Welt Ulrich Haarmann ed (Muumlnchen CHBeck 1987) chapter 4 200ndash216

Herde Peter ldquoTaktiken muslimischer Heere vom ersten Kreuzzug bis Ayn Dj l t (1260) und ihre Einwirkung auf die Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo (1268)rdquo Das Heilige Land im Mittelalter Begegnungsraum zwischen Orient und Okzident Wolfdietrich Fischer amp Juumlrgen Schneider eds (Neustadt an der Aisch Degener 1982) 83ndash94

Hill Rosalind ldquoCrusading warfare a camp-followerrsquos view 1097ndash1120rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 1 (1978) 75ndash83

The Horns of Hattin BZKedar ed [Proceedings of the second conference of the societyfor the study of the crusades and the Latin east July 1987] (London Variorum 1992)

Humphreys RStephen ldquoThe emergence of the Maml k armyrdquo Studia Islamica 45 (1977) 67ndash99 46 (1977) 146ndash182


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Inaleik Halil ldquoOttoman methods of conquestrdquo Studia Islamica 2 (1954) 103ndash129 Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoThe first Arab expedition against Amoriumrdquo Byzantine and

Modern Greek Studies 3 (1977) 19ndash22 Lev Yaacov ldquoArmy regime and society in F timid Egypt 358ndash487968ndash1094rdquo

International Journal of Middle East Studies 19 (1987) 337ndash366 Lev Yaacov ldquoThe F timid Army AH 358ndash427968ndash1036 CE Military and social

aspectsrdquo Asian and African Studies 14 (1980) 165ndash192 Levy Reuben ldquoMilitary organization in Islamrdquo The Sociology of Islam 2 vols

(Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1931ndash1932) 407ndash457 Rp retitled The Social Structure of Islam (1957 Rp 1962)

Lyons Malcolm C amp David EPJackson Saladin the Politics of the Holy War(Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1982 Rp 1997)

Mayer Hans Eberhard Die Kreuzfahrerherrschaft Montreacuteal (S bak) Jordanien im 12 Jahrhundert (Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1990)

ldquoMilitia Christirdquo e Crociata nei Secoli XIndashXIII [Atti della undecima settimana internazionale di studio Mendola 28 agosto-1 settembre 1989 Miscellanea delCentro vol 13] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1992)

Morgan DO ldquoThe Mongol armies in Persiardquo Der Islam 57 (1979) 81ndash96 Morris Colin ldquoPropaganda for war The dissemination of the crusading ideal in the

twelfth centuryrdquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 79ndash101 Nesbitt John W ldquoThe rate of march of crusading armies in Europe A study and

computationrdquo Traditio 19 (1963) 167ndash181 Nicolle David Armies of the Caliphates 862ndash1098 [Men-at-Arms 00] (London

Osprey 1998) Nicolle David amp Angus McBride The Armies of Islam 7thndash11th Centuries [Men-at-

Arms 00] (London Osprey 1982) Noth Albrecht Heiliger Krieg und heiliger Kampf in Islam und Christentum Beitraumlge

zur Vorgeschichte und Geschichte der Kreuzzuumlge [Bonner historische Forschungen 28] (Bonn Ludwig Roumlhrscheid 1966)

Parry VJ ldquoWarfarerdquo Cambridge History of Islam vol 2 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1970) 824ndash850

Pawlikowski-Cholewa Alfred von Die Heere des Morgenlandes Militaumlrische Beitraumlge zur Geschichte des nahen und fernen Orients (Berlin De Gruyter 1940)

Praga Giuseppe ldquoLrsquoOrganizzazione militare della Dalmazia nel quattrocento e lacostruzione di castel Cippico Vecchio di Trauacuterdquo Archivio storico per la Dalmazia 119 (1936) 463ndash477

Prestwich JO ldquoRichard Coeur de Lion rex bellicosusrdquo Problemi attuali di scienza e di cultura vol 253 (Roma Accademia nazionale dei Lincei 1981) 3ndash15

Rabie Hassanein ldquoThe training of the Maml k F risrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry and MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press1975) 153ndash163

Ramsay WM ldquoThe war of Moslem and Christian for the possession of Asia Minorrdquo Studies in the History and Art of the Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire(Aberdeen Aberdeen University Press 1906) 281ndash301

Riley-Smith Jonathan The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (London Athlone

Medieval welfare 41

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1986) Riley-Smith Louise amp Jonathan Riley-Smith The Crusades Idea and Reality 1095ndash

1274 (London Edward Arnold 1981) Schlumberger Gustave Campagnes du roi Amaury Ier de Jerusalem en Egypte au XIIe

siegravecle (Paris Plon 1906) Shatzmiller Maya ldquoThe crusades and Islamic warfare A re-evaluationrdquo Der Islam 69

(1992) 247ndash288 Smail RC The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land [Ancient People and Places vol

82] (New York Praeger 1973) Smail RC Crusading Warfare 1097ndash1193 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press

1956 2nd ed 1995) Smith John M Jr ldquoMongol society and the military in the middle east Antecedents and

adaptationsrdquo War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century(Leiden Brill 1997) 249ndash266

Tibble Steven Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099ndash1291(Oxford Clarendon 1989)

War Technology and Society in the Middle East Vernon JParry amp MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975)

White Lynn N ldquoThe Crusades and the technological thrust of the westrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry and MEYapp eds (LondonOxford University Press 1975) 97ndash112

Wise Terence Armies of the Crusades (London Osprey 1978) Zaky Abdur Rahman ldquoMilitary literature of the Arabsrdquo Islamic Culture 30 (1956) 163ndash

172


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 2 Battles

REFERENCE WORKS

Burne Alfred H The Art of War on Land Illustrated by Campaigns and Battles of allAges (Rev ed Harrisburg Pa Stackpole 1966)

Creasy ES The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World from Marathon to Waterloo(New York Harper Brothers 1851)

Dahmus Joseph H Seven Decisive Battles of the Middle Ages (Chicago Nelson-Hall 1983)

Dictionary of Battles Thomas Harbottle ed rev by George Bruce (New York Stein and Day 1971)

An Encyclopedia of Battles Accounts of over 1560 Battles from 1479 BC to the PresentDavid Eggenberger ed (New York Dover 1985) First published 1967 as ADictionary of Battles

Fuller JFC Decisive Battles Their Influence Upon History and Civilization (New York Charles Scribnerrsquos Sons 1940)

Laffin John Brasseyrsquos Battles 3500 Years of Conflict Campaigns and Wars from A-Z(London Brasseyrsquos Defence Publishers 1986)

MacDonald John Great Battlefields of the World (New York Macmillan 1985) Seymour William Decisive Factors in Twenty Great Battles of the World (London

Sidgwick and Jackson 1988) Sweetman John A Dictionary of European Land Battles from the Earliest Times to

1945 (London Robert Hale 1984)

SPECIAL TOPICS

Bliese John RE ldquoThe battle rhetoric of Aelred of Rievaulxrdquo Haskins Society Journal 1 (1989) 99ndash107

Bliese John RE ldquoThe courage of the Normans A comparative study of battle rhetoricrdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 35 (1991) 1ndash26

Bliese John RE ldquoRhetoric and morale A study of battle orations from the centralmiddle agesrdquo Journal of Medieval History 15 (1989) 201ndash226

Bliese John RE ldquoWhen knightly courage may fail Battle orations in medieval Europerdquo Historian 53 (1001) 489ndash504


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bradbury Jim ldquoBattles in England and Normandy 1066ndash1154rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies6 (1983) 1ndash12

Brooke Richard Visits to Fields of Battle in England of the Fifteenth Century (London John Russell Smith 1857 Rp Dursley Alan Sutton 1975)

Burne Alfred H The Battlefields of England (London Methuen 1950) Burne AlfredH More Battlefields of England (London Methuen 1952)

Green Howard Guide to the Battlefields of Britain and Ireland (London Constable 1973)

Hayes-McCoy Gerard A Irish Battles A Military History of Ireland (London Longman 1969 Rp Belfast Appletree 1990)

Kinross John Discovering Battlefields of Scotland (Aylesbury Shire Publications 1976 2d ed retitled Discovering Scottish Battlefields 1986)

The Ordnance Survey Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain David Smurthwaite ed (Exeter Webb and Bower 1984 Rp 1989)

Seymour William Battles in Britain and their Political Background 1066ndash1746 2 vols (London Sidgwick and Jackson 1975 Rp 1989)

Warner Philip British Battlefields The North (Reading Osprey 1975) Warner Philip British Battlefields The South (Reading Osprey 1972) Young Peter amp John Adair From Hastings to Culloden Battlefields in Britain (London

GBell 1964 2nd ed Kineton Roundwood 1979)

Archer TA amp Kate Norgate ldquoThe battle of Hastingsrdquo EHR 9 (1894) 1ndash76 Armstrong CAJ ldquoPolitics and the battle of St Albans 1455rdquo BIHR 33 (1960) 1ndash72 Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe feigned retreat at Hastingsrdquo Medieval Studies 33 (1971)

344ndash347 Baring Francis H ldquoThe battlefield of Hastingsrdquo EHR 77 (1905) 65ndash70 The Battle of

Hastings Sources and Interpretations Stephen Morillo ed (New York Boydell 1996)

The Battle of Maldon AD 991 Donald GScragg ed (Oxford Blackwell 1991) The Battle of Maldon Fiction and Fact Janet Cooper ed (London Hambledon 1993) The Battle of Nevillersquos Cross David Rollason amp Michael Prestwich eds (Stamford

England Shaun Tyas 1998) The Battle of Tewkesbury 4th May 1471 PWHammond ed (Tewkesbury Tewkesbury

Festival Committee 1971) Bennett Michael J The Battle of Bosworth (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1985 Rp New

York St Martinrsquos 1993) Bennett Michael J Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (New York St Martins

1987) Blyth JD ldquoThe battle of Tewkesburyrdquo Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire

Archaeological Society 80 (1961) 99ndash120 Boardman Andrew W The Battle of Towton (Stroud Alan Sutton 1994 Pb 1996) Brooks Frederick W The Battle of Stamford Bridge (York East Yorkshire Local

History Society 1956) Brown RAllen ldquoThe battle of Hastingsrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 3 (1980) 1ndash21 Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Nevillersquos Crossrdquo Durham University Journal 41 (1949)

Battles 45

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

100ndash106 Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Shrewsbury A military reconstructionrdquo Transactions of

the Shropshire Archaeological Society 52 (1948) 141ndash152 Cannon Henry L ldquoThe battle of Sandwich and Eustace the monkrdquo EHR 27 (1912)

649ndash670 Carpenter David The Battles of Lewes and Evesham 1264ndash1265 (Keele Mercia 1987) Charlesworth Dorothy ldquoThe battle of Hexham 1464rdquo Archaeologia Aeliana 4th ser

30 (1952) 57ndash68 Christison Philip ldquoBannockburn 23d and 24th June 1314 A study in military historyrdquo

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 90 (1956ndash1957) 170ndash179 Cox David C The Battle of Evesham A New Account (Evesham Vale of Evesham

Historical Society 1988) Duncan AAM ldquoThe battle of Carham 1018rdquo Scottish Historical Review 55 (1976)

20ndash28 Edwards JG ldquoThe battle of Maes Madog and the Welsh campaign of 1294ndash5rdquo EHR 39

(1924) 1ndash12 Gairdner James ldquoThe battle of Bosworthrdquo Archaeologia 55 (1896) 159ndash178 Haigh Philip A The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses (Stroud Alan Sutton

1995) Hammond Peter W The Battles ofBarnet and Tewkesbury (New York St Martinrsquos

1990) Harris OD ldquolsquohellipeven here in Bosworth fieldrsquo A disputed site of battlerdquo The Ricardian

7 (1986)194ndash207 Hayes-McCoy Gerard A The Irish at War (Cork Mercier 1964) Hill Rosalind ldquoThe battle of Stockbridge 1141rdquo Studies in Medieval History presented

to RAllen Brown CHarper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 173ndash178 Jack RI ldquoA quincentenary the battle of Northampton July 10th 1460rdquo

Northamptonshire Past and Present 3 (1960) 21ndash25 King DJCathcart ldquoHenry II and the fight at Coleshillrdquo Welsh History Review 2 (1965)

367ndash373 Koumlrner Sten The Battle of Hastings England and Europe 1035ndash1066 [Bibliotheca

historica Lundensis 14] (Lund Gleerup 1964) Laborde ED ldquoThe site of the battle of Maldonrdquo EHR 40 (1925) 161ndash173 Lemmon Charles H The Field of Hastings (St Leonards-on-Sea Eng Budd and

Gillatt 1956) Lewis William G ldquoThe exact date of the battle of Banbury 1469rdquo BIHR 55 (1982)

194ndash196 MacKenzie William M The Battle of Bannockburn A Study in Medieval Warfare

(Glasgow JMacLehose 1913) Macrae-Gibson OD ldquoHow historical is the battle of Maldonrdquo Medium Aevum 39

(1970) 89ndash107 Marren Peter Grampian Battlefields The Historic Battles of North-East Scotland from

AD 84 to 1745 (Aberdeen Aberdeen University Press 1990) Maxwell HE ldquoThe battle of Bannockburnrdquo Scottish Historical Review 11 (1914) 233ndash

251

Medieval welfare 46

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Morillo Stephen ldquoHastings an unusual battlerdquo Haskins Society Journal 2 (1990) 95ndash103

Morris John E Bannockburn (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1914) Powicke FM RFTreharne amp Charles HLemmon The Battle of Lewes 1264 (Lewes

Friends of Lewes Society 1964) Richardson Geoffrey The Hollow Crowns A History of the Battles of the Wars of the

Roses (Shipley Baildon 1996) Richmond Colin ldquoThe battle of Bosworthrdquo History Today 35 (1985) 17ndash22 Richmond Colin ldquo1485 and all that or what was going on at the battle of Bosworthrdquo

Richard III Loyalty Lordship and Law PWHammond ed (London Yorkist HistoryTrust 1986) 172ndash211

Rolland Marc Hastings 1066 [Les grandes batailles de lrsquohistoire no 19] (Paris Socomer 1992)

Round John Horace ldquoMr Freeman and the battle of Hastingsrdquo EHR 9 (1894) 209ndash260 Sadler John Scottish Battles (Edinburgh Canongate 1996) Simpson William D ldquoThe campaign and battle of Culblean AD 1335rdquo Proceedings of

the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 64 (1930) 201ndash211 Spatz Wilhelm ldquoDie Schlacht von Hastingsrdquo Historische Studien Heft III (Berlin

Ebering 1896) 1ndash69 Stevenson WH ldquoSenlac and the malfosseacuterdquo EHR 28 (1913) 292ndash303 Thornhill Patrick The Battle of Hastings (London Methuen 1966) Tout TF ldquoThe battle of Bannockburnrdquo History 5 (1920) 37ndash40 Tout TF ldquoThe tactics of the battles of Boroughbridge and Morlaixrdquo EHR 19 (1904)

711ndash715 Wesencraft Charles F The Battle of Otterburn 19 August 1388 (Doncaster Athena

1988) Williams Daniel T The Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485 (Leicester Leicester

University Press 1973)


Les Grandes batailles du nord de la France Alain Lottin ed (Paris Mazarine 1984)

Autrand Franccediloise ldquoLa deacuteconfiture La bataille de Poitiers (1356) agrave travers quelques textes franccedilais des XIVe et XVe siegraveclesrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre eten Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villenueve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 93ndash121

Baudot Marcel ldquoLocalisation et datation de la premiegravere victoire remporteacutee par Charles Martel contre les Musulmansrdquo Meacutemories et documents de lrsquoEacutecole des Chartes 12 (1955) 93ndash105

Bauer Frank ldquoDie Schlacht bei Bouvines am 27 Juli 1214rdquo Militaumlrgeschichte (1980) 67ndash77

Bennett Matthew Agincourt 1415 Triumph against the Odds (London Osprey 1991) Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Agincourt October 25 1415rdquo History Today 6 (1956)

Battles 47

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

598ndash605 Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Castillon 1453 The end of the Hundred Years Warrdquo

History Today 3 (1953) 249ndash256 Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Formignyrdquo Army Quarterly 66 (1953) 213ndash223 Burne Alfred H ldquoThe battle of Poitiersrdquo EHR (1938) 21ndash52 Burne Alfred H ldquoCreacutecyrdquo History Today 5 (1955) 195ndash202 Burne Alfred H The Creacutecy War A Military History of the Hundred Years War from

1337 to the Peace of Breacutetigny 1360 (London Eyre and Spottiswoode 1955) Camboulives Roger ldquoBataille de Muret 12 septembre 1213 Un lsquoBouvines meacuteridionalrsquordquo

Revue de Comminges 88 (1975) 255ndash273 Carpentier Elisabeth ldquoLrsquohistoriographie de la bataille de Poitiers au quatorziegraveme siegraveclerdquo

RH 263 (1980) 21ndash58 Charlier Yves ldquoLa bataille drsquoOtheacutee et sa place dans lrsquohistoire de la principauteacute de

Liegravegerdquo Bulletin de lrsquoinstitut archeacuteologique lieacutegois 97 (1985) 138ndash278 Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy 1477 Reneacute Taveneaux ed [Actes

du colloque de lrsquouniversiteacute de Nancy II Nancy 22ndash24 septembre 1977] (Nancy Universiteacute 1978)

Contamine Philippe Azincourt (Paris Julliard 1964) Contamine Philippe ldquoCreacutecy (1346) et Azincourt (1415) Une comparisonrdquo Divers

aspects du moyen acircge en Occident [Actes du congregraves agrave Calais septembre 1974] (Calais Jeunes historiens du Calasis 1977) 29ndash44

Contamine Philippe ldquoReneacute II et les mercenaires de langue germanique La guerre contre Robert de la Marck seigneur de Sedan (1496)rdquo Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy (1477) (Nancy Universiteacute 1979) 377ndash394

David Charles W ldquoThe battle of Tinchebrayrdquo Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy(Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1920) appendix F 245ndash248

Davis HWC ldquoA contemporary account of the battle of Tinchebrairdquo EHR 24 (1909) 728ndash732

Dernier A ldquoVouilleacute et 507rdquo Bulletin de la socieacuteteacute des antiquaires de lrsquoouest 4th ser 9 (1968) 570ndash601

Duby Georges 27 juillet 1214 Le dimanche de Bouvines [Trente journeacutees qui ont fait la France] (Paris Gallimard 1973) Tr (Catherine Tiharyi) The Legend of Bouvines War Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages (Berkeley University of California Press 1990)

Gaier Claude ldquoUn eacutetonnant preacutecurseur Le combat du Kriekelerenbosch (17 janvier1466)rdquo Revue internationale drsquohistoire militaire 24 (1965) 283ndash287

Gaier Claude Grandes batailles de lrsquohistorie lieacutegeoise au moyen acircge (Liegravege E Wahle 1980)

Gaier Claude ldquoUne manifestation de la tactique moderne La journeacutee de Zonhoven 3 avril 1490rdquo Pallas (1962) 37ndash43

Galbraith VH ldquoThe battle of Poitiersrdquo EHR 54 (1939) 473ndash475 Hibbert Christopher Agincourt (Philadelphia Dufour 1964) Horrent Jules ldquoLa bataille des Pyreacuteneacutees de 778rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 78 (1972) 197ndash227 Lampe Karl Die Schlacht bei Maupertuis 19 September 1356 (Graumlfenhainichen

CSchulze 1908)

Medieval welfare 48

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Levillain Leacuteon amp Charles Samaran ldquoSur le lieu et la date de la bataille dite de Poitiers de732rdquo BEC 99 (1938) 243ndash267

Lombaregraves Michel de ldquoCastillon (17 juillet 1453) derniegravere bataille de la guerre de cent ans premiegravere victoire de lrsquoartillerierdquo Revue historique de lrsquoarmeacutee 3 (1976) 6ndash31

Moranvilleacute Henri ldquoPhilippe VI agrave la bataille de Creacutecyrdquo BEC 50 (1889) 295ndash297 Noweacute Henri EA La Bataille des eacuteperons drsquoor (Bruxelles La Renaissance du Livre

1945) Phillpotts Christopher ldquoThe French plan of battle during the Agincourt campaignrdquo EHR

99 (1984) 59ndash66 Poole Reginald Lane ldquoThe battle of Tinchebrai a correctionrdquo EHR 25 (1910) 295ndash296 Rapp Francis ldquoStrasbourg et Charles le Hardi Lrsquoampleur et le prix de lrsquoeffort militairerdquo

Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy (1477) (Nancy University 1979) 395ndash414

Roy Jean-Henri amp Jean Devoisse La Bataille de Poitiers [Trente journeacutees qui ont fait la France 2] (Paris Gallimard 1966)

Schnerb Bertrand Bulgneacuteville (1431) Lrsquoeacutetat bourguignon prend pied en Lorraine(Paris Economica 1993)

Taveneaux Reneacute ldquoLa bataille de Nancy et ses consequences (1431ndash1559)rdquo Histoire de Nancy Reneacute Taveneaux ed (Toulouse Edouard Privat 1978) 87ndash125

Tourneur-Aumont Jean Freacutedeacuteric La Bataille de Poitiers (1356) et la construction de la France [LrsquoUniversiteacute de Poitiers sciences de lrsquohomme no 1] (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1940)

Tout TF ldquoSome neglected fights between Creacutecy and Poitiersrdquo EHR 20 (1905) 726ndash730

Verbruggen JF ldquoLe Problegraveme des effectifs et de la tactique agrave la bataille de Bouvines (1214)rdquo Revue du Nord 31 (1949) 181ndash193

Verbruggen JF 1302 in Vlaanderen De Guldensporenslag [Centrum voor militaire Geschiedenis Bijdragen 13] (Bruxelles Museacutee royal de lrsquoarmeacutee 1977)

Viard Jules ldquoLa Campagne de juillet-aoucirct 1346 et la bataille de Creacutecyrdquo Le Moyen Acircge27 (1926) 1ndash84

Vivent Jacques ldquoComment on combattait agrave la bataille de Poitiersrdquo Historia 118 (1956) 313ndash318

Wailly Henri de Creacutecy 1346 Autopsie drsquoune bataille (Paris Lavauzelle 1985) Tr (Abdus Sookia amp Joanna Sookia) Creacutecy 1346 Anatomy of a Battle (Poole Blandford 1987)


Auer Leopold Die Schlacht bei Mailberg am 12 Mai 1082 (Wien Oumlsterreichisches Bundesverlag 1976)

Bogyay Thomas von Lechfeld Ende und Anfang Geschichtliche Hintergruumlnde ideellerInhalt und Folgen der Ungarnzuumlge Ein ungarischer Beitrag zur Tausendjahrfeier desSieges am Lechfeld (Muumlnchen Karpathia 1955)

Brusten Charles ldquoAgrave propos de la bataille de Moratrdquo Publication du centre europeacuteen

Battles 49

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

drsquoeacutetudes burgondo-meacutedianes 10 (1968) 79ndash84 Eberl Barthel Die Ungarnschlacht auf dem Lechfeld (Gunzenle) im Jahre 955

[Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Stadt Augsburg Heft 7] (Augsburg Brigg 1955) Einsle Hans Die Ungarnschlacht im Jahre 955 auf dem Lechfeld Ursachen und

Wirkungen (Augsburg Brigg 1979) Ekdahl Sven Die Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410 Quellenkritische Unter-suchungen

[Berliner historische Studien Bd 8] (Berlin Duncker amp Humbolt 1982) Grandson 1476 Essai drsquoapproche pluridisciplinaire drsquoune action militaire du XVe

siegravecle Daniel Reichel ed [Centre drsquohistoire et de prospective militaires 2] (LausanneCentre drsquohistoire 1976)

Grosjean Georges ldquoDie Murtenschlacht Analyse eines Ereignissesrdquo DieMurtenschlacht Ein schweizer Ereignis in Europas Geschichte zwischen Mittelalterund Neuzeit [Internationales Kolloquium zur 500-Jahr-Feier der Schlacht bei Murten Murten 23ndash25 April 1976] (Bern Stadt-und Universitaumltsbibliothek 1976) 35ndash90

Leyser Karl ldquoThe battle at the Lech 955 A study in tenth-century warfarerdquo History 50 (1965) 1ndash25

Lhotsky Alphons ldquoDie Schlacht auf dem Lechfelderdquo Aufsaumltze und Vortraumlge Hans Wagner amp Heinrich Keller eds Bd 5 (Muumlnchen ROldenbourg 1976) 11ndash22

Liebenau Theodor von Die Schlacht bei Sempach (Luzern CPrell 1886) Marchal Guy P Sempach 1386 Von den Anfaumlngen des Territorialstaates Luzern

Beitraumlge zur Fruumlhgeschichte des Kantons Luzern (Basel Helbing und Lichtenhahn 1986)

Marchal Guy P ldquoZum Verlauf der Schlacht bei Sempach Ein quellen-kritischer Nachtragrdquo Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuumlr Geschichte 37 (1987) 428ndash436

Meyer Bruno ldquoDie Schlacht am Morgartenrdquo Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuumlr Geschichte16 (1966) 129ndash179

Die Murtenschlacht Ein schweizer Ereignis in Europas Geschichte zwischen Mittelalterund Neuzeit 1476ndash1976 [Internationales Kolloquium zur 500-Jahr-Feier der Schlachtbei Murten 23ndash25 April 1976] (Bern Stadt-und Universitaumltsbibliothek 1976)

Roulet Louis-Edouard ldquoLe duc Reneacute agrave la bataille de Moratrdquo Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy [Actes du colloque Nancy 22ndash24 septembre 1977] (Nancy Universiteacute 1979) 415ndash428

Schaufelberger Walter ldquoMorgarten (1315) und Marignano (1515)rdquo Allgemeine Schweizerische Militaumlrzeitschrift 131 (1965) 667ndash689

Die Schlacht von Sempach im Bild der Nachwelt Heinrich Thommen ed [Ausstellungim Stadthaus und Ochsentor in Sempach 21 Juni bis 12 Oktober 1986 Katalog] (Luzern Lehrmittelverlag 1986)

Schnitzer Maria Die Morgartenschlacht im werdenden schweizerischenNationalbewuszligtsein [Geist und Werk der Zeiten Heft 21] (Zuumlrich Fretz und Wasmuth 1969)

Der Tag bei Worringen 5 Juni 1288 Wilhelm Janssen amp Hugo Stehkaumlmper eds [Mitteilungen aus dem Stadtarchiv von Koumlln Heft 72] (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1988)

Usteri Emil Marignano Die Schicksalsjahr 1515ndash1516 im Blickfeld der historischen Quellen (Zuumlrich Kommissionsverlag 1974)

Medieval welfare 50

Dow

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ce]

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19

May

201

6

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Huici Miranda Ambrosio Las Grandes batallas de la reconquista durante las invasionesafricanas (Madrid Institute de estudios africanos 1956)

Baiumlche Marcel ldquoRoncesvales-Rencesvals bataille acadeacutemique sur un champ de bataille

supposeacuterdquo Meacutelanges de la bibliothegraveque espagnole (1982) 193ndash202 Batlle Carmen ldquoLa fecha de la batalla de Trancoso (2951385)rdquo Anuario de estudios

medievales 3 (1966) 525ndash527 Do Paccedilo Alfonso ldquoThe battle of Aljubarrotardquo Antiquity 37 (1963) 264ndash269 Fry Edward ldquoRoncesvallesrdquo EHR 20 (1905) 22ndash32 Lacarra Joseacute Mariacutea ldquoAgrave propos de la route de Roncevaux et du lieu de la bataillerdquo

Annales du Midi 78 (1966) 377ndash389 Prince Albert Edward ldquoA letter of Edward the Black Prince describing the battle of

Naacutejera in 1367rdquo EHR 41 (1926) 415ndash418 Saacutenchez-Albornoz C ldquoLa auteacutentica batalla de Clavijordquo Cuadernos de historia de

Espantildea 9 (1948) 94ndash139 Velho Martim Estudos criacuteticos sobre a batalha de Ourique (Lisboa Sociedade

histoacuterica da independencia de Portugal 1989)

ITALY

Fuiano Michele ldquoLa battaglia di Civitate (1053)rdquo Archivio storico Pugliese 11 (1949) 124ndash133

Hadank Karl Die Schlacht bei Cortenuova am 27 November 1237 (Berlin Hanow 1905)

Herde Peter ldquoDie Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo Eine historisch-topographische Studierdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr Bayerische Landesgeschichte 25 (1962) 679ndash744

Marchionni Roberto I Senesi a Montaperti (Siena Roberto Meiattini 1992) Oerter Herbert L ldquoCampaldino 1286rdquo Speculum 43 (1968) 429ndash450 Salvini Enzo ldquoMontaperti 1260 Un problema di datazionerdquo Archivio storico italiano

148 (1990) 251ndash276

EASTERN EUROPE

Cirkovic Sima ldquoThe field of Kosovordquo Bitka na Kosovu 1389 (Beograd Galerija Srpske 1989) 80ndash93

Emmert Thomas A Serbian Golgotha Kosovo 1389 (New York Columbia University Press 1990)

Evans Geoffrey Tannenberg 14101914 (Harrisburg Stackpole 1971) Radojci Nikola ldquoThe battle of Kosovordquo Bitka na Kosovu 1389 (Beograd Galerija

Battles 51

Dow

nloa

ded

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Uni

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ity o

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120

19

May

201

6

Srpske 1989) 31ndash52

BYZANTINE AND MUSLIM STATES

Siddiqi Amir Hasan Decisive Battles of Islam (Karachi Jamiyatul Falah 1971)

Asbridge TS ldquoThe significance and causes of the battle of the Field of Bloodrdquo Journalof Medieval History 23 (1997) 301ndash316

Brett M ldquoThe military interest of the battle of Haydar nrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975) 78ndash88

Burns Thomas S ldquoThe battle of Adrianople A reconsiderationrdquo Historia Zeitschrift fuumlralte Geschichte 22 (1973) 336ndash345

Cahen Claude ldquoLa campagne de Mantzikert drsquoapregraves les sources musulmanesrdquo Byzantion 9 (1934) 613ndash642

Cheynet Jean-Claude ldquoMantzikert Un deacutesastre militairerdquo Byzantion 50 (1980) 410ndash438

Friendly Alfred The Dreadful Day The Battle of Manzikert 1071 (London Hutchinson 1981)

Hamidullah M ldquoThe map of the battle of Mal zgird on the basis of historical descriptionof the battlerdquo Islamic Culture 19 (1945) 352ndash353

Herde Peter ldquoDie Kaumlmpfe bei den Houmlrnern von Hittin und der Untergang des Kreuzritterheeres (3 und 4 Juli 1187) Eine historisch-topographische Untersuchungrdquo Roumlmische Quartalschrift fuumlr christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte 61 (1966) 1ndash50

Hess Andrew C ldquoThe battle of Lepanto and its place in Mediterranean historyrdquo Past and Present 57 (1972) 53ndash73

Lilie Ralph-Johannes ldquoDie Schlacht von Myriokephalon (1176) Auswirkungen auf das byzantinische Reich im ausgehenden 12 Jahrhundertrdquo Revue des eacutetudes byzantines 35 (1977) 257ndash275

Martel-Thoumian Bernadotte ldquoLes derniegraveres batailles du grand eacutemir Yasbak mirMahdirdquo War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century (Leiden Brill 1997) 301ndash341

Mathieu Marguerite ldquoUne source negligeacutee de la bataille de Mantzikert les lsquoGesta Roberti Wiscardirsquo de Guillaume drsquoApulierdquo Byzantion 20 (1950) 89ndash103

Prawer Joshua ldquoLa bataille de Hattinrdquo Israel Exploration Journal 14 (1964) 160ndash179 Rice Geoffrey ldquoA note on the battle of Antioch 28 June 1098 Bohemund as tactical

innovatorrdquo Parergon 25 (1979) 3ndash8 Richard Jean ldquoAn account of the battle of Hattin referring to the Frankish mercenaries in

oriental Moslem statesrdquo Speculum 27 (1952) 168ndash177 Roloff G ldquoDie Schlacht bei Angorardquo Historische Zeitschrift 161 (1939ndash1940) 244ndash262 Streater Jasper ldquoThe battle of Manzikertrdquo History Today 17 (1967) 257ndash263 Thoreau Peter ldquoThe battle of Ajn J l t A re-examinationrdquo Crusade and Settlement

Peter Edbury ed (Cardiff Wales University College 1985) 236ndash241

Medieval welfare 52

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Tobias Norman ldquoThe tactics and strategy of Alexis Comnenus at Calavtytae 1078rdquo Byzantine Studies 6 (1979) 193ndash211

Battles 53

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

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ded

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120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 3 Sieges

Bradbury Jim The Medieval Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1992) The Medieval City under Siege Ivy ACorfis amp Michael Wolfe eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1995)

Sander Erich ldquoDer Belagerungskrieg im Mittelalterrdquo Historische Zeitschrift 165 (1942) 99ndash110

Sander Erich ldquoDer Verfall der roumlmischen Belagerungskunstrdquo Historische Zeitschrift 149 (1934) 457ndash476

Warner Philip Sieges of the Middle Ages (London GBell 1968)

Acconcia Longo Augusta ldquoLrsquoassedio e la distruzione di Gallipoli 1268ndash1269rdquo Archivio storico italiano 146 (1988) 3ndash22

Artonne A ldquoFroissart historien Le siegravege et la prise de La Roche-Vendeixrdquo BEC 110 (1952) 89ndash107

Auzias L ldquoLes siegraveges de Barcelone de Tortose et drsquoHuesca 801ndash811 Essai chronologiquerdquo Annales du Midi 47 (1936) 5ndash28

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoMedieval siege warfare A reconnaissancerdquo Journal of Military History 58 (1994) 119ndash133

Bain RNisbet ldquoThe siege of Belgrade by Mohammed IIrdquo EHR 7 (1892) 235ndash252 Bariši F ldquoLe siegravege de Constantinople par les Avares et les Slaves en 626rdquo Byzantion

24 (1954) 371ndash395 Borderie A de la ldquoLe siegravege de Brest en 1387rdquo Revue de Bretagne de Vendegravee et

drsquoAnjou II (1889) 198ndash203 Brockman Eric The Two Sieges of Rhodes 1480ndash1522 (London John Murray 1969) Chacirctaignier Reneacute ldquoLe siegravege de Paris par les Normandsrdquo Heimdal 38 (1983) 3ndash15 Collins HP ldquoThe assault on Constantinoplerdquo Army Quarterly 67 (1954) 218ndash228 Contamine Philippe ldquoLa guerre de siegravege au temps de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Les dossiers de

lrsquoarcheacuteologie 34 (1979) 11ndash20 Crozet Reneacute ldquoUn eacutepisode de la guerre de cent ans Le siegravege de Romorantin par le prince

de Galles 1356rdquo RH 153 (1926) 187ndash192 DeVries Kelly ldquoContemporary views of Edward IIIrsquos failure at the siege of Tournai

1340rdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995) 70ndash105 DeVries Kelly ldquoHunger Flemish participation and the flight of Phillip VI

Contemporary accounts of the siege of Calais 1346ndash1347rdquo Studies in Medieval andRenaissance History ns 12 (1991) 129ndash181

Dimnik Martin ldquoThe siege of Chernigov in 1235rdquo Medieval Studies 4 (1979) 387ndash403 Duffy Christopher Siege Warfare The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494ndash1660

(London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1979 Pb 1997) DuParc Pierre ldquoLa deacutelivrance drsquoOrleacuteans et la mission de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Jeanne drsquoArc

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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efen

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 153ndash158 Ferreiro Alberto ldquoThe siege of Barbastro 1064ndash1065 A reassessmentrdquo Journal of

Medieval History 9 (1983) 129ndash144 Forey AJ ldquoThe failure of the siege of Damascus in 1148rdquo Journal of Medieval History

10 (1984) 13ndash23 Foulds Trevor ldquoThe siege of Nottingham castle in 1194rdquo Thoroton Society Transactions

95 (1991) 20ndash28 Fowler GHerbert ldquoMunitions in 1224rdquo Befordshire Record Society 5 (1920) 117ndash132 Garnier Franccedilois ldquoIconographie de la guerre de siegravege au temps de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo

Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 59ndash66 Hall Bert S ldquoThe changing face of siege warfare Technology and tactics in transitionrdquo

The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 257ndash275 Hunger V ldquoLe siegravege et la prise de Vire par Charles VII en 1450rdquo Annales de

Normandie 12 (1971) 109ndash122 Jenal Anton ldquoDer Kampf um Durazzo 1107ndash1108 mit dem Gedicht des Tortariusrdquo

Historisches Jahrbuch 37 (1916) 285ndash352 Kendall JMurray ldquoThe siege of Berkhampstead castle in 1216rdquo Antiquaries Journal 3

(1923) 37ndash48 King DJCathcart ldquoThe taking of Crac des Chevaliers in 1271rdquo Antiquity 23 (1949)

83ndash92 Kirby JL ldquoThe siege of Bourg 1406rdquo History Today 18 (1968) 53ndash60 Lacy AD ldquoThe siege of Rhodes 1480rdquo History Today 18 (1968) 344ndash350 Ladero Quesada Miguel Angel Milicia y economiacutea en la guerra de Granada El cerco

de Baza (Valladolid Universidad 1964) Mallett Michael ldquoSiegecraft in late fifteenth-century Italyrdquo The Medieval City under

Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 245ndash255 McGeer Eric ldquoByzantine siege warfare in theory and practicerdquo The Medieval City under

Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 123ndash129 Meehan Bernard ldquoThe siege of Durham the battle of Carham and the cession of

Lothianrdquo Scottish Historical Review 55 (1976) 1ndash19 Moranvilleacute H ldquoLe siegravege de Reims 1359ndash1360rdquo BEC 56 (1895) 90ndash98 Nicholson Ranald G ldquoThe siege of Berwick 1333rdquo Scottish Historical Review 40

(1961) 19ndash42 Pepper Simon ldquoThe underground siegerdquo Fort 10 (1982) 30ndash38 Pepper Simon amp Nicholas Adams Firearms and Fortifications Military Architecture

and Siege-Warfare in Sixteenth-Century Siena (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1986)

Powers James ldquoLife on the cutting edge The besieged towns on the Luso-Hispanic frontier in the twelfth centuryrdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 17ndash34

Rogers Randall Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century (Oxford Clarendon 1993 Pb 1997)

Runciman Steven The Fall of Constantinople 1453 (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1965)

Salamagne Alain ldquoLrsquoattaque des places-fortes au XVe siegravecle agrave travers lrsquoexemple des

Sieges 56

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

guerres anglo- et franco-bourguignonnesrdquo RH 289 (1993) 65ndash113 Schlumberger Gustave Prise de Saint-Jean drsquoAcre en lrsquoan 1291 par lrsquoarmeacutee du soudan

drsquoEgypte (Paris Plon 1914) Sommeacute Monique ldquoLrsquoarmeacutee bourguignonne au siegravege de Calais de 1436rdquo Guerre et

socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 197ndash219

Toch Michael ldquoThe medieval German city under siegerdquo The Medieval City under Siege(Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 35ndash48

Tritton AS ldquoThe siege of Constantinople AD 714ndash716rdquo Bulletin of the School ofOriental and African Studies 22 (1959) 350ndash352

Vast Henri ldquoLe siegravege et la prise de Constantinople par les Turcs drsquoapregraves les documents nouveauxrdquo RH 13 (1880) 1ndash40

Viard Jules ldquoLe siegravege de Calais 4 septembre 1346ndash4 aoucirct 1347rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 39 (1929) 129ndash189

Williams-Jones Keith ldquoThe taking of Conwy Castle 1401rdquo Transactions of the Caernarvon Historical Society 30 (1978) 6ndash43

Wolfe Michael ldquoNew perspectives on medieval siege warfare An introductionrdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 3ndash14

Wolfe Michael ldquoSiege warfare and the Bonnes Villes of France during the Hundred Years Warrdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 49ndash66

Medieval welfare 57

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

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19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 4 Naval Operations

GENERAL WORKS

Sanderson Michael Sea Battles A Reference Guide (Middletown Conn Wesleyan University Press 1975)

Anderson Roger C Oared Fighting Ships from Classical Times to the Coming of Steam

(London PMarshall 1962 2d ed Kings Langley Argus Books 1976) Baker WA ldquoShips weapons and protection 1400ndash1900rdquo Five Hundred Years of

Nautical Science 1400ndash1900 Derek Howse ed (London National MaritimeMuseum 1981)

Cagigas Isidro de las ldquoLa cuestioacuten del corso y de la pirateriacutea berberisca en el mediterraneordquo Curso de conferencias sobre la politica africana de los reyes catoacutelicos2 (1951) 127ndash149

Christides Vassilios ldquoNaval history and naval technology in medieval times The need for interdisciplinary studiesrdquo Byzantion 58 (1988) 309ndash332

Dolley RH ldquoThe rig of early medieval warshipsrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 35 (1949) 51ndash55 Dolley RH ldquoWarships of the later Roman Empirerdquo Journal of Roman Studies 38

(1948) 47ndash53 Glete Jan Navies and Nations Warships Navies and State-building in Europe and

America 1500ndash1860 2 vols [Acta universitatis Stockholmiensis 48] (Stockholm Almqvist amp Wiksell 1993)

Gray Colin S The Leverage of Seapower The Strategic Advantage of Navies in War(New York Free Press 1992)

Guilmartin JF Gunpowder and Galleys Changing Technology and MediterraneanWarfare at Sea in the Sixteenth Century (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1974)

Guilmartin John F ldquoThe early provision of artillery armament on Mediterranean wargalleysrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 59 (1973) 257ndash280

Lewis Archibald R amp Timothy JRunyan European Naval and Maritime History 300ndash1500 (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1985)

Maritieme Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 4 vols GAsaert et al eds Vol 1 Prehistoric romeinse tijd middeleenwen vijftiende en zestiende eeuw (Bussum De Boer 1976)

Martinez Ricardo Cerezo ldquoLa tactique navale au XVIe siegraveclerdquo Internationaler Kongress fuumlr Militaumlrgeschichte Wien 6ndash10 Juni 1983 Beitraumlge 367ndash384

Meacutenager Leacuteon-Robert Amiratus-Amer s LrsquoEmirat et les origines de lrsquoamirauteacute XIendashXIIIe siegravecles (Paris SEVPEN 1960)

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Mollat Michel ldquoEssai drsquoorientation pour lrsquoeacutetude de la guerre de course et la piraterie XIIIendashXVe siegraveclesrdquo Anuario de estudios medievales 10 (1980) 743ndash749

Mollat Michel ldquoGuerre de course et piraterie agrave la fin du moyen acircge Aspects eacuteconomiques et sociaux position de problegravemesrdquo Hansische Geschichtsblaumltter 90 (1972) 1ndash14

Mollat Michel ldquoLes marines et la guerre sur mer dans le nord et lrsquoouest de lrsquoEurope jusqursquoau XIIe siegraveclerdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 1009ndash1042

Mollat Michel ldquoDe la piraterie sauvage agrave la course reacuteglementeacutee XIVendashXVe siegraveclerdquo Meacutelanges de lrsquoeacutecole franccedilaise de Rome 87 (1975) 7ndash25

New Aspects of Naval History Craig LSymonds et al eds (Annapolis Naval Institute1981)

Olesa Muntildeido Francisco-Felipe La Organizatioacuten naval de los estados mediterraacuteneos y en especial de Espantildea durante los siglos XVI y XVII 2 vols (Madrid Editorial Naval 1968)

Padfield Peter Guns at Sea (London Hugh Evelyn 1973) Padfield Peter Tide of Empires Decisive Naval Campaigns in the Rise of the West Vol

11481ndash1654 (London Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1979) Pemsel Helmut Von Salamis bis Okinawa (Muumlnchen JFLehmanns Verlag 1975) Tr

(GDGSmith) A History of War at Sea An Atlas and Chronology of Conflict at Seafrom Earliest Times to the Present (Annapolis Naval Institute 1977)

Pry or John H Geography Technology and War Studies in the Maritime History of theMediterranean 649ndash1571 [Past and Present Publications] (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1988 Pb 1992)

Reddeacute Michel Mare Nostrum Les infrastructures le dispositif et lrsquohistoire de la marine militaire sous lrsquoempire romain [Bibliothegraveque des eacutecoles franccedilaises drsquoAthegravenes et de Rome fasc 260] (Roma Eacutecole franccedilaise de Rome 1986)

Rodgers William L Naval Warfare under Oars 4th to 16th centuries A Study ofStrategy Tactics and Ship Design (Annapolis Naval Institute 1939)

Starr Chester G The Roman Imperial Navy 31 BC-AD 324 (Ithaca Cornell University Press 1941 2d ed New York Barnes amp Noble 1960)

Unger Richard W ldquoAdmiralties and warships of Europe and the Mediterranean 1000ndash1500rdquo Changing Interpretations and New Sources in Naval History Richard WLove Jr ed (New York Garland 1980) 34ndash57

Unger Richard W The Ship in the Medieval Economy 600ndash1600 (London Croom Helm 1980)

Unger Richard W ldquoWarships and cargo ships in medieval Europerdquo Technology andCulture 22 (1981) 233ndash252

Waites Bryan ldquoThe fighting galleyrdquo History Today 18 (1968) 337ndash343

NORTHERN EUROPE

Anderson RC ldquoEnglish galleys in 1295rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 14 (1928) 220ndash241 Anderson RC ldquoThe Grace de Dieu of 1446ndash1486rdquo EHR 34 (1919) 584ndash586

Naval operations 60

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bennett Matthew ldquoNorman naval activity in the Mediterranean c 1060ndash c1108rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 15 (1992) 41ndash58

British Naval Documents John BHattendorf RJBKnight AWHPearsallNAMRodger amp Geoffrey Till eds (Aldershot Scolar Press 1993)

Brooks Frederick W ldquoThe battle of Damme 1213rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 16 (1930) 263ndash271

Brooks Frederick W The English Naval Forces 1199ndash1272 (London ABrown 1932 Rp London HPordoes 1962)

Brooks Frederick W ldquoThe kingrsquos ships and galleys mainly under John and Henry IIIrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 15 (1929) 15ndash48

Brooks Frederick W ldquoNaval administration and the raising of fleets under John and Henry IIIrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 15 (1929) 351ndash390

Brooks Frederick W ldquoNaval armament in the thirteenth centuryrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 14 (1928) 115ndash131

DeVries Kelly R ldquoA 1445 reference to shipboard artilleryrdquo Technology and Culture 31 (1990) 818ndash829

Ditchburn David ldquoPiracy and war at sea in late medieval Scotlandrdquo Scotland and the Sea TCSmout ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1992) 35ndash58

Documents relatifs au clos des galeacutees de Rouen et aux armeacutees de mer du roi de France de 1293 agrave 1418 Anne Chazelas ed [Collection de documents ineacutedits sur lrsquohistoire de France] 2 vols (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1977ndash1978)

Freeman AZ ldquoWooden walls The English navy in the reign of Edward Irdquo ChangingInterpretations and New Sources in Naval History Robert W Love Jr ed (New York Garland 1980) 58ndash67

Friel Ian The Good Ship Ships Shipbuilding and Technology in England 1200ndash1520(London British Museum 1995)

Friel Ian ldquoWinds of change Ships and the hundred years warrdquo Arms Armies andFortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds(Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 183ndash193

Gillingham John ldquoRichard I galley-warfare and Portsmouth The beginnings of a royal navyrdquo Thirteenth-Century England MPrestwich ed vol 6 (Woodbridge Boydell 1997) 1ndash15

Gillmor Carroll ldquoThe naval logistics of the cross-channel operation 1066rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 7 (1985) 221ndash243

Gillmor Carroll ldquoWar on the rivers Viking numbers and mobility on the Seine andLoire 841ndash886rdquo Viator 19 (1988) 79ndash109

Goldingham CS ldquoThe navy under Henry VIIrdquo EHR 33 (1918) 472ndash488 Grainge Christine amp Gerald Grainge ldquoThe Pevensey expedition brilliantly executed

plan or near disasterrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 79 (1993) 261ndash273 Guiral Jacqueline ldquoCourse et piraterie agrave Valence de 1410 agrave 1430rdquo Anuario de estudios

medievales 10 (1980) 759ndash765 Haywood John Dark Age Naval Power A Re-Assessment of Frankish and Anglo-Saxon

Seafaring Activity (London Routledge 1991) Jones Michael ldquoThe literary evidence for mast and sail during the Anglo-Saxon

invasionsrdquo Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History ns 13 (1992) 31ndash67

Medieval welfare 61

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Kepler JS ldquoThe effects of the battle of Sluys upon the administration of English navalimpressment 1340ndash1343rdquo Speculum 48 (1973) 70ndash77

Laporte Jean ldquoLes opeacuterations navales en Manche et mer du Nord pendant lrsquoanneacutee 1066rdquo Annales de Normandie 17 (1967) 3ndash42

Laughton GCarr ldquoEarly Tudor ship-gunsrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 46 (1960) 242ndash285 Lee CD ldquoEnglandrsquos naval trauma 1066rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 80 (1994) 208ndash209 Loader David The Tudor Navy An Administrative Political and Military History

(Aldershot Scolar Press 1992) Marwick Hugh ldquoNaval defence in Norse Scotlandrdquo Scottish Historical Review 28

(1949) 1ndash11 Murray KME ldquoShippingrdquo Medieval England ALPoole ed vol 1 (Oxford

Clarendon 1958) 168ndash195 The Navy of the Lancastrian Kings Accounts and Inventories of William Soper Keeper

of the Kingrsquos Ships 1422ndash1427 Susan Rose ed [Navy Records Society 123] (London George Allen amp Unwin 1982)

Neumann J ldquoHydrographic and ship-hydrodynamic aspects of the Norman invasion AD 1066rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 11 (1988) 221ndash243

Nicolas Nicholas Harris A History of the Royal Navy from the Earliest Times to theWars of the French Revolution 2 vols (London RBentley 1847)

Oppenheim Michael A History of the Administration of the Royal Navy and of MerchantShipping in Relation to the Navy (London Bodley Head 1896 Rp Hamden Conn Shoe String Press 1961)

Paviot Jacques La Politique navale des ducs de Bourgogne 1384ndash1482 (Lille Presses universitaires de Lille 1995)

Prynne MW ldquoHenry Vrsquos Grace Dieurdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 54 (1968) 115ndash128 Pryor John H ldquoThe galleys of Charles I of Anjou king of Sicily c 1269ndash1284rdquo Studies

in Medieval and Renaissance History ns 14 (1993) 35ndash103 Reid WStanford ldquoSeapower in the Anglo-Scottish war 1296ndash1328rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror

46 (1960) 7ndash23 Richmond CF ldquoEnglish naval power in the fifteenth centuryrdquo History 52 (1967) 1ndash15 Richmond CF ldquoThe keeping of the seas during the Hundred Years War 1422ndash1440rdquo

History 49 (1964) 283ndash298 Richmond CF ldquoThe war at seardquo The Hundred Years War KAFowler ed (London

Macmillan 1971) 96ndash121 Rodger NAM ldquoThe Norman invasion of 1066rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 80 (1994) 459ndash463 Rodger NAM The Safeguard of the Sea A Naval History of Britain (New York

WWNorton 1997) Ronciegravere Charles de la Histoire de la marine franccedilaise 6 vols (Paris Plon 1899ndash

1932) Runyan Timothy J ldquoMerchantmen to men-of-war in medieval Englandrdquo New Aspects

of Naval History Craig Symonds ed (Annapolis Naval Institute 1981) 33ndash40 Runyan Timothy J ldquoThe organization of royal fleets in medieval Englandrdquo Ships

Seafaring and Society Essays in Maritime History TJRunyan ed (Detroit Wayne State University Press 1987) 37ndash52

Runyan Timothy J ldquoShips and fleets in Anglo-French warfare 1337ndash1360rdquo American

Naval operations 62

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Neptune 46 (1986) 91ndash99 Runyan Timothy J ldquoShips and mariners in later medieval Englandrdquo Journal of British

Studies 16 (1977) 1ndash17 Sherborne James W ldquoThe battle of La Rochelle and the war at sea 1372ndash1375rdquo BIHR

42 (1969) 17ndash29 Sherborne James W ldquoThe Hundred Years War The English navy Shipping and

manpower 1369ndash1389rdquo Past and Present 37 (1967) 163ndash175 Tinniswood JT ldquoEnglish galleys 1273ndash1377rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 35 (1949) 276ndash315 Weir Michael ldquoEnglish naval activities 1242ndash1243rdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 58 (1972) 85ndash

92 Whitwell RJ amp CJohnson ldquoThe lsquoNewcastlersquo galley AD 1294rdquo Archaeologia

Aeliana 4th ser 2 (1926) 142ndash193

SOUTHERN EUROPE

Baldrighi Aldo ldquoLa battaglia navale sul Po del 1431rdquo Archivio storico Lombardo ser 10 3 (1977) 331ndash336

Bournegru Octavian amp Mihail Zahariade Les Forces navales du Bas Danube et de la Mer Noire aux IerndashVIe siegravecles [Colloquia Pontica 2] (Oxford Oxbow 1996)

Bresc Henri ldquoCourse et piraterie en Sicile 1250ndash1450rdquo Anuario de estudios medievales10 (1980) 751ndash757

Cohn Willy Die Geschichte der normannisch-sizilischen Flotte unter der RegierungRogers I und Rogers II (Breslau Priebatsch 1910)

Cohn Willy Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Friedrichs II(1197ndash1250) (Breslau Priebatsch 1926)

Cohn Willy Die Geschichte der sizilischen Flotte unter der Regierung Konrads IV undManfreds (1250ndash1266) (Berlin KCurtius 1920 Rp Aalen Scientia 1978)

Dotson John E ldquoFleet operations in the first Genoese-Venetian war 1264ndash1266rdquo Viator 30 (1999) 165ndash180

Dotson John E ldquoMerchant and naval influences on galley design at Venice and Genoain the fourteenth centuryrdquo New Aspects of Naval History (Annapolis Naval Institute 1981) 20ndash32

Favreau Marie Luise ldquoDie italienische Levante-Piraterie und die Sicherheit der Seewegenach Syrien im 12 und 13 Jahrhundertrdquo Vierteljahrschrift fuumlr Wirtschafts-undSozialgeschichte 65 (1978) 463ndash510

Fernaacutendez Duro Cesaacutereo Armada espantildeola desde la union de los reinos de Castilla y deAragoacuten 9 vols (Madrid Sucesores de Rivadenyra 1895ndash1903 Rp Madrid Museo Naval 1972)

Finke Heinrich ldquoDie Seeschlacht am Kap Orlando 1299 Juli 4rdquo Historische Zeitschrift134 (1926) 257ndash266

Guglielmotti Alberto La guerra dei pirati e la marina pontificia dal 1500 al 1560 2 vols (Firenze Succ Le Monnier 1876ndash1894)

Hale JR ldquoMen and weapons The fighting potential of sixteenth-century Venetian galleysrdquo War and Society A Yearbook of Military History Brian Bond amp Ian Roy

Medieval welfare 63

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

eds (London Croom Helm 1977) 1ndash23 Katele Irene B ldquoPiracy and the Venetian state The dilemma of maritime defense in the

fourteenth centuryrdquo Speculum 63 (1988) 865ndash889 Lane Frederic C ldquoNaval actions and fleet organization 1499ndash1502rdquo Renaissance

Venice JRHale ed (London Faber amp Faber 1973) 146ndash173 Lane Frederic C Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance (Baltimore Johns

Hopkins University Press 1934) Lazzarini Vittorio ldquoLa presa di Chioggia 16 agosto 1379rdquo Archivio Veneto 5th ser

48ndash49 (1951) 53ndash74 Mallett Michael E The Florentine Galleys in the Fifteenth Century with the diary of

Luca di Maso degli Albizzi Captain of the Galleys 1429ndash1430 (Oxford Clarendon Press 1967)

Pepper Simon ldquoFortress and fleet The defence of Venicersquos mainland Greek colonies in the late fifteenth centuryrdquo War Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice David SChambers et al eds (London Hambledon 1993) 29ndash55

Rigaud Philippe ldquoPirates et corsaires sur le Bas-Rhocircne IXe-XVe siegraveclesrdquo Guerre etcommerce en Meacutediterraneacutee IXendashXXe siegravecle Michel Vergeacute-Franceschi ed (Paris Paul Veyrier 1991) 37ndash57

Robbert Louise B ldquoA Venetian naval expedition of 1224rdquo Economy Society andGovernment in Medieval Italy Essays in Memory of Robert LReynolds DHerlihy et al eds (Kent Ohio Kent State University Press 1969) 141ndash151

Romano Ruggiero ldquoEconomic aspects of the construction of warships in Venice in thesixteenth centuryrdquo Crisis and Change in the Venetian Economy BPullan ed (London Methuen 1968) 59ndash87

Storia marittima dellrsquoItalia dallrsquoevo antico ai nostri giorni Rinaldo Caddeo ed (Milano Garzanti 1942)


Ahrweiler Heacutelegravene Byzance et la mer La Marine de guerre la politique et les institutions maritimes de Byzance aux VIIendashXVe siegravecles (Paris Presses Universitaires de France1966)

Anderson RC Naval Wars in the Levant 1559ndash1853 (Princeton Princeton University Press 1952)

Breacutehier Louis ldquoLa marine de Byzance du VIIIe au XIe siegraveclerdquo Byzantion 19 (1949) 1ndash16

Cazacu Matei ldquoUne deacutemonstration navale des Turcs devant Constantinople et la bataillede Kilia (1448)rdquo Journal des Savants 3 (1978) 197ndash210

Christides Vassilios ldquoThe raids of the Moslems of Crete in the Aegean sea Piracy and conquestrdquo Byzantion 51 (1981) 76ndash111

Cowdrey HEJ ldquoThe Mahdia campaign of 1087rdquo EHR 92 (1977) 1ndash29 Dolley RH ldquoNaval tactics in the heyday of the byzantine thalassocratyrdquo Studi bizantini

e neoellenici 7 (1951) 324ndash339 Ehrenkreutz AS ldquoThe place of Saladin in the naval history of the Mediterranean sea in

Naval operations 64

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

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6

the middle agesrdquo Journal of the American Oriental Society 75 (1955) 100ndash116 Eickhoff Ekkehard ldquoByzantinische Wachtflottillen im Unteritalien im 10 Jahrhundertrdquo

Byzantinische Zeitschrift 45 (1952) 340ndash344 Eickhoff Ekkehard ldquoGaleerenkriege im Mittelmeer (7ndash11 Jahrhundert)

Technologische Traditionenrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 979ndash1007

Eickhoff Ekkehard Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland Das Mittelmeer unter byzantinischer und arabischer Hegemonie 650ndash1040 (Berlin Walter de Gruyter 1966)

Fahmy Aly Mohamed Muslim Sea-Power in the Eastern Mediterranean from theSeventh to the Tenth Century AD (London Don Bosco 1950 2d ed Cairo National Publication 1966)

France John ldquoThe first crusade as a naval enterpriserdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 83 (1997) 389ndash397

Guilmartin John F ldquoThe tactics of the battle of Lepanto clarified The impact of social economic and political factors on sixteenth-century galley warfarerdquo New Aspects ofNaval History Craig Symonds ed (Annapolis Naval Institute 1981) 41ndash65

Hamblin William ldquoThe F timid navy during the early crusades 1099ndash1124rdquo American Neptune 46 (1986) 77ndash83

Heers Jacques ldquoLa guerre sur mer en Mediterraneacutee au XIIIe siegravecle Prisonniers captifs etesclavesrdquo Byzantinische Forschung 12 (1987) 507ndash520

Kubiak Wladyslaw B ldquoThe Byzantine attack on Damietta in 853 and the Egyptian navy in the 9th centuryrdquo Byzantion 40 (1970) 45ndash66

Lev Yaacov ldquoThe F timid navy Byzantium and the Mediterranean sea 909ndash1036 CE 297ndash427 AHrdquo Byzantion 54 (1984) 220ndash252

Mollat Michel ldquoProblegravemes navales de lrsquohistoire des croisadesrdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 10 (1967) 345ndash359

Pryor John H ldquoThe naval architecture of crusader transport ships A reconstruction ofsome archetypes for round-hulled sailing shipsrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 70 (1984) 171ndash219 275ndash292 363ndash386

Pryor John H ldquoThe naval battles of Roger of Lauriardquo Journal of Medieval History 9 (1983) 179ndash216

Robson JA ldquoThe Catalan fleet and Moorish sea-power 1337ndash1344rdquo EHR 74 (1959) 386ndash408

Ruiz Martin Felipe ldquoThe battle of Lepanto and the Mediterraneanrdquo Journal of European Economic History 1 (1972) 166ndash169

Sesan M ldquoLa Flotte byzantine agrave lrsquoeacutepoque des Comnegravenes et des Anges 1081ndash1204rdquo Byzantionslavica 21 (1960) 48ndash53

Stratos Andreas N ldquoThe naval enagement at Phoenixrdquo Charanis Studies Angeliki ELaiou ed (New Brunswick Rutgers University Press 1980) 229ndash247

Medieval welfare 65

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 5 Arms and Armor

MUSEUM COLLECTIONS

Westrate JLee European Military Museums A Survey of their Philosophy Facilities Programs and Management (Washington DC Smithsonian Institution 1961)

LrsquoArmeria reale di Torino Claudio Bertolotto amp Franco Mazzini eds [Artes e Tecnica]

(Busco Arsizio Bramante 1982) Armes anciennes des collections Suisses [Museacutee Rath Genegraveve du 26 mai au 27 aoucirct

1972] Eugegravene Heer ed (Lausanne Edita 1972) Le Armi 1300ndash1700 [Museo di Castelvecchio catalogo] Francesco Rossi ed (Verona

Museo di Castelvecchio 1987) Arms and Armor in the Art Institute of Chicago Walter Karcheski ed (Boston Little

Brown 1995) The Art of Chivalry European Arms and Armor from the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Helmut Nickel Stuart Pyhrr amp Leonid Tarassuk eds (New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 1982)

Benes Ctirad ldquoWaffensammlung auf dem Schlosse Opocno in Boumlhmenrdquo Armi Antiche(1965) 149ndash157

Blackmore Howard L The Armouries of the Tower of London (London HMSO 1976) Bron Sredniowieczna z ziem Polskich (Medieval Arms and Armour from Poland)

Exhibition catalogue Marian Glosek Leszek Kajzer amp Andrzej Nadolski eds (Loacutedz State Archaeological Museum 1978)

Carpegna Nolfo di Antiche armi dal secolo IX al XVIII gia collezione Odescalchi Catalogo (Roma De Luca 1969)

Cataacutelogo histoacuterico-descriptivo de la Real Armeriacutea de Madrid El Conde de Valencia de Don Juan ed (Madrid Fototipias de Hauser y Menet 1898)

A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms and Armor presented to the Cleveland Museum ofAn by Mr and Mrs John Long Severance Helen IGilchrist ed (Cleveland ClevelandMuseum of Art 1924)

A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms and Armour at Hallwyl Herne Stockholm Bengt Claudelin ed Tr (Edward Adams-Ray) (Stockholm Centraltryckeriet 1928)

A Catalogue of the Exhibition of Ancient Helmets and Examples of Mail at theArchaeological Institute 3ndash16 June 1881 Baron de Cosson amp William Burgess eds (Cambridge Ken Trotman 1985)

Contamine Philippe ldquoAux origines du Museacutee de lrsquoArmeacutee Une collection drsquoarmes royales agrave la fin du XVe siegravecle Expositions drsquoarmes agrave Amboise et agrave Paris (1498)rdquo Meacutelanges Andreacute Corvisier Le soldat la strateacutegie la mort (Paris Economica 1989)

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

331ndash341 Cortes Javier Real armeriacutea de Madrid (Madrid Editorial patrimonio nacional 1963) Cripps-Day Francis Henry A Record of Armour Sales 1881ndash1924 (London GBell

1925) A Distinguished Collection of Arms and Armor on Permanent Display at the Los Angeles

County Museum of Natural History Russell EBelous ed (Los Angeles Ward RitchiePress 1969)

Dufty Arthur Richard European Armour in the Tower of London (London HMSO 1968)

Exhibition of Armour made in the Royal Workshops at Greenwich [Tower of London 22 May-29 September 1951] (London HMSO 1951)

Ffoulkes Charles J Inventory and Survey of the Armouries of the Tower of London 2 vols (London HMSO 1916)

Fleetwood Georg ldquoDie Waffensammlungen des Vatikans in Romrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlrhistorische Waffen-und Kostuumlmkunde 12 (1931) 283ndash291

Franzoi Umberto LrsquoArmeria del Palazzo Ducale a Venezia (Dosson Canova 1990) Gaier-Lhoest Claude et Josianne Catalogue des armes du Museacutee Curtius IerndashXIXe

siegravecle (Liegravege Museacutees drsquoArcheacuteologie et drsquoArts deacutecoratifs 1963) Gessler Eduard A Fuumlhrer durch die Waffensammlung Ein Abriszlig der schweizerischen

Waffenkunde (Zuumlrich Schweizerisches Landesmuseum 1928) Grancsay Stephen V The Bashford Dean Collection of Arms and Armor in the

Metropolitan Museum of Art (Portland Maine Southworth Press 1933) Grancsay Stephen V Catalogue of Armor The John Woodman Higgins Armory

(Worcester Mass Davis Press 1961) Grosz August amp Bruno Thomas Katalog der Waffensammlung in der neuen Burg zu

Wien (Wien Kunsthistorisches Museum 1936) Haenel Erich Kostbare Waffen aus der Dresdner Ruumlstkammer (Leipzig Karl W

Hiersemann 1923) Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor 2d ed (Cleveland Cleveland

Museum of Art 1948) Historical Armor A Picture Book (New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 1946) Katalog der Leibruumlstkammer Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien Waffensammlung Vol

1 Der Zeitraum von 500 bis 1530 Bruno Thomas amp Ortwin Gamber eds (WienAnton Schroll 1976)

The Kretzschmar von Kienbusch Collection of Armor and Arms Carl Otto von Kienbusch ed (Princeton Princeton University Press 1963)

The Kretzschmar von Kienbusch Collection of Armor and Arms Philadelphia Museum ofArt Bulletin vol 73 no 318 (1977)

Larson Henrietta M ldquoThe armor business in the middle agesrdquo Business History Review14 (1940) 49ndash64

Lensi Alfredo Il Museo Stibbert Catalogo delle salle delle armi Europee 2 vols (Firenze Tipografia Giuntina 1917ndash1918)

A Loan Exhibition of Equestrian Equipment from the Metropolitan Museum of Art [JB Speed Art Museum Louisville Kentucky 4 May-3 July 1955] Stephen VGrancsay ed (Louisville Speed Art Museum 1955)

Arms and armor 67

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Loan Exhibition of Medieval and Renaissance Arms and Armor from the MetropolitanMuseum of Art Los Angeles County Museum Stephen VGrancsay ed (Los Angeles County Museum 1953)

Macoir Georges La Salle des armures du museacutee de la Porte de Hal (Bruxelles Vandamme et Rossignol 1910)

Maglioli Vittorio Armeria reale di Torino Guida breve per il visitatore (Torino Stamperia artistica nazionale 1959)

Mann James The Wallace Collection Arms and Armour 2 vols (London Wallace Collection 1962) Supplement by AVBNorman (London Balding amp Mansell 1986)

Muumlller Heinrich amp Fritz Kunter Europaumlische Helme aus der Sammlung des Museumsfuumlr deutsche Geschichte (Berlin Militaumlrverlag der DDR 1971)

Le Museacutee de lrsquoArmeacutee Section des armes et armures Collections renfermeacutees dans les salles drsquoarmures et dans la galerie des costumes de guerre Edouard Hardy ed (Paris Berger-Levrault 1911)

Museo Bardini Le Armi Lionello GBoccia ed (Firenze Centro Di 1984) Il Museo Stibbert a Firenze 4 vols HRussell Robinson Giuseppe Cantelli amp Lionello

GBoccia eds (Milano Electa 1973ndash1975) Nickel Helmut ldquoArms and armor from the permanent collectionrdquo Metropolitan Museum

of An Bulletin 49 (1991) Norman AVB Arms and Armour in the Royal Scottish Museum (Edinburgh HMSO

1972) Orientalische Sammlung Henri Moser-Charlottenfels Beschreibender Katalog der

Waffensammlung (Leipzig Hiersemann 1912) [Historisches Museum Bern] (BernKWyss 1955)

Pyhrr Stuart W amp Donald JLaRocca ldquoArms and Armor Recent Acquisitions A Selection 1990ndash1991rdquo Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 49 (1991) 22ndash25

Robert Ladislas Catalogue des collections composant le museeacute drsquoartillerie en 1889 5 vols (Paris Imprimerie nationale 1889ndash1893)

Schutz- und Blankwaffen 13ndash17 Jahrhundert aus der Waffensammlung desMainfraumlnkischen Museums Wuumlrzburg Hans-Peter Trenschel ed [Katalog desMainfraumlnkischen Museums Wuumlrzburg Bd 4] (Wuumlrzburg Das Museum 1992)

Skelton Joseph Engraved Illustrations of Antient Arms and Armour from the Collectionat Goodrich Court Hereforshire after the drawings and with the description of SirSamuel Rush Meyrick 2 vols (London Henry Bohn 1854)

Studies in European Arms and Armour Claude Blair et al eds [The COtto von Kienbusch Collection in the Philadelphia Museum of Art] (Aldershot Scolar 1992)

Thomas Bruno Ortwin Gamber amp Hans Schedelmann Die schoumlnsten Waffen undRuumlstungen aus europaumlischen und amerikanischen Sammlungen (Heidelberg Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1963)

Trapp Oswald Graf von The Armoury of the Castle of Churburg Tr (James G Mann) (London Methuen 1929)

Wegeli Rudolf Inventar der Waffensammlung des Bernischen historischen Museums in Bern 4 vols (Bern KJWyss Erben 1920ndash1948)

Wehrhafte Stadt Das Wiener Buumlrgerliche Zeughaus im 15 und 16 Jahrhundert Guumlnter Duumlriegl ed (Wien Historische Museum der Stadt Wien 1986)

Medieval welfare 68

Dow

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May

201

6

GENERAL WORKS

Enciclopedia ragionata delle armi Adriano Zannino ed (Milano Arnoldo Mondadori 1979) Tr (Sylvia Mulcahy SPleasance amp Hugh Young) The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons Leonid Tarassuk amp Claude Blair eds (New York Simon ampSchuster 1982)

Alexander David G The Arts of War Arms and Armour of the 7th to 19th Centuries

(New York Azimuth 1992) Blackmore Howard L Hunting Weapons (London Barrie amp Jenkins 1971) Blair Claude European Armour circa 1066 to circa 1700 (London Macmillan 1958) Boumlheim Wendelin Handbuch der Waffenkunde Das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen

Entwicklung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunderts (Leipzig EASeemann 1890 Rp Hildesheim Gerstenberg 1984)

Bosson Cleacutement ldquoLrsquoarmure agrave canneluresrdquo Armes anciennes 11 (1958) 89ndash107 Bosson Cleacutement ldquoLrsquoeacutepeacutee agrave deux mainsrdquo Armi antiche (Torino Accademia di

SMarciano 1976) 49ndash66 Brodie Bernard From Crossbow to H-Bomb (New York Dell 1962 2d ed with Fawn

MBrodie Bloomington University of Indiana Press 1973) Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada ldquoFrom medieval sword to renaissance rapierrdquo Gladius 2

(1963)5ndash68 Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada ldquoIntroduction to the history of the European swordrdquo Gladius 1

(1961) 30ndash75 Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada Middelalderens Tveaeggede Svaerd En Undersoslashgelse af dets

udviklingshistorie kronologi og nationalitet dets stilling i den almindelige vabenhistoriske udvikling og dets krigsmaessige betydning 2 vols (Koslashbenhavn Udgivet af Tojhusmuseet 1974) English summary

Bull Stephen An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour (London Studio Editions 1991)

Burgess EMartin ldquoThe mail-makerrsquos techniquerdquo Antiquaries Journal 33 (1953) 49ndash55 193ndash202

Burgess EMartin ldquoA Reply to Cyril Smith on mail-making methodsrdquo Technology andCulture 1 (1960) 151ndash155

Buttin Franccedilois Du costume militaire au moyen acircge et pendant la renaissance[Memorias de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona 12] (Barcelona RABL 1971)

Cleator Philip E Weapons of War (London Hale 1967) Clephan Robert C The Defensive Armour and the Weapons and Engines of War of

Medieval Times and of the Renaissance (London Walter Scott 1900) Dean Bashford Catalogue of European Daggers (1300ndash1800) including the Ellis De

Dino Riggs and Reubell collections (New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 1929) Dean Bashford Handbook of Arms and Armor European and Oriental Stephen

VGrancsay ed 4th ed (New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 1930)

Arms and armor 69

Dow

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6

Demmin August Die Kriegswaffen in ihrer historischen Entwicklung von der Steinzeitbis zur Erfindung des Zuumlndnadelgewehrs Ein Handbuch der Waffenkunde (Leipzig ESeemann 1869 4th ed retitled Die Kriegswaffen in ihren geschichtlichenEntwicklungen von den aumlltesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart Eine Encyklopaumldie derWaffenkunde (Leipzig PFriesenhahn 1893) Tr (CCBlack) Weapons of War beinga History of Arms and Armour from the Earliest Period to the Present Time (London Bell and Daldy 1870)

Dupuy Trevor N The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare (Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill 1980)

Edge David amp John MPaddock Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight An IllustratedHistory of Weaponry in the Middle Ages (New York Crescent Books 1988)

Ellehauge Martin The Spear Traced through its Post-Roman Development[Toslashjhusmuseets skrifter 5] (Koslashbenhavn Moslashller 1948)

Ffoulkes Charles J European Arms and Armour [Historical Association Leaflet no 33] (London GBell 1932)

Fuller JFC Armament and History A Study of the Influence of Armament on History from the Dawn of Classical Warfare to the Second World War (New York Charles Scribnerrsquos Sons 1945)

Gaier Claude Les Armes [Typologie des sources du moyen acircge occidental fasc 34] (Turnhout Brepols 1979)

Gamber Ortwin ldquoGrundriszlig einer Geschichte der Schuumltzwaffen des Altertumsrdquo Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien 62 (1966) 7ndash70

Gamber Ortwin ldquoKataphrakten Clibanarier Normannenreiterrdquo Jahrbuch derkunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien 64 (1968) 7ndash44

Gamber Ortwin ldquoOrientalische Einfluumlsse auf die mittelalterliche Bewaffnung Europasrdquo Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej 21 (1973) 273ndash279

Ganshof FL ldquoArmaturardquo Bulletin Du Cange Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi 15 pt 1 (1940) 179ndash193

Glossarium Armorum Ortwin Gamber ed (Graz Akademische Druck- und Verlaganstalt 1972)

Grancsay Stephen V Arms and Armor (New York Odyssey 1964) Hall AR ldquoMilitary technologyrdquo A History of Technology CSinger et al eds vol 2

(Oxford Clarendon 1956) 695ndash730 Hayward John F European Armour [Victoria and Albert Museum] (London HMSO

1951 2d ed 1971) Hewitt John Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe from the Iron Period of the

Northern Nations to the End of the Seventeenth Century 3 vols (Oxford Henry and Partner 1855ndash1860 Rp Graz Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1967)

Holmes Martin R ldquoSome hafted weapons of the middle agesrdquo Archaeological Journal91 (1934) 22ndash31

Huumlpper-Droumlge Dagmar Schild und Speer Waffen und ihre Bezeichnungen im fruumlhen Mittelalter [Europaumlische Hochschulschriften Reihe 1 Bd 645] (Frankfurt am MainPeter Lang 1983)

Kirpicnikov Anatolii ldquoDie russischen Waffen des 9ndash13 Jahrhunderts und orientalische und westeuropaumlische Einfluumlsse auf ihre Entwicklungrdquo Gladius 7 (1968) 45ndash74

Medieval welfare 70

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Laking Guy F A Record of European Armour and Arms through Seven Centuries 5 vols (London GBell 1920ndash1922)

Martin Paul Waffen und Ruumlstungen von Karl dem Grossen bis zu Ludwig XIV(Frankfurt am Main Umschau Verlag 1967) Tr (Reneacute North) Arms and Armor from the 9th to the 17th Century (Rutland Vt Charles Tuttle 1967)

Maschke Erich Studien zu den Waffennamen der althochdeutschen Glossen(Greifswald HAdler 1926)

Meyrick Samuel R A Critical Enquiry into Antient Armour as it existed in Europe particularly in Great Britain from the Norman Conquest to the Reign of Charles II 3 vols (London RJennings 1824 2 ed London Henry Bohn 1842)

Nickel Helmut Arms and Armour through the Ages (London Collins 1971) Norman AVB Arms and Armour (London Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1964) Oakeshott REwart The Archaeology of Weapons (London Lutterworth 1960) Oakeshott REwart Records of the Medieval Sword (Woodbridge Boydell 1991) Oakeshott REwart The Sword in the Age of Chivalry (London Lutterworth 1964) Peirce Ian ldquoThe development of the medieval sword c 850ndash1300rdquo Ideals and Practice

of Medieval Knighthood [Papers from the third Strawberry Hill conference RuthHarvey amp CHarper-Bill eds] (Wolfeboro NH Boydell 1988)

Peirce Ian ldquoThe knight his arms and armour in the eleventh and twelfth centuriesrdquo Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood [Papers from the first and second Strawberry Hill conferences CHarper-Bill ed] (Woodbridge Boydell 1986) 152ndash164

Peterson Harold L Daggers and Fighting Knives of the Western World from the StoneAge until 1900 (New York Walker 1968)

Pfaffenbichler Matthias Armourers [Medieval Craftsmen] (Toronto University ofToronto Press 1992)

The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment MCBishop ed [Proceedings of the second Roman military equipment conference Sheffield 1984] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1985)

Roman Military Equipment and the Identity of Roman Soldiers JCCoulston ed [Proceedings of the fourth Roman military equipment conference Newcastle 1986] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1988)

Roman Military Equipment The Accoutrements of War MDawson ed [Proceedings ofthe third Roman military equipment conference 1985] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1987)

Roman Military Equipment The Sources of Evidence Cvan Driel-Murray ed [Proceedings of the fifth Roman Military Equipment Conference Amsterdam 1988] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1989)

Salas Alberto M Las Armas de la Conquista de Ameacuterica (Buenos Aires Emeceacute 1950 2d ed Buenos Aires Plus Ultra 1986)

Seitz Heribert Blankwaffen Geschichte und Typenentwicklung im europaumlischen Kulturbereich Ein waffenhistorisches Handbuch 2 vols (Braunschweig Klinkhardt amp Biermann 1965 2d ed Muumlnchen Klinkhardt amp Biermann 1981)

Sella Piero Armi ed armati dallrsquoantichitagrave al medio evo (Torino Sei 1968) Smith Cyril Stanley ldquoMethods of making chain mail 14th to 18th centuries A

Arms and armor 71

Dow

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ded

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Uni

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120

19

May

201

6

metallographic noterdquo Technology and Culture 1 (1959) 60ndash67 Smith Cyril Stanley ldquoReply to Mr Martin Burgess on mail-making methodsrdquo

Technology and Culture 1 (1960) 289ndash291 Stephenson IP Roman Infantry Equipment The Later Empire (Stroud Tempus 1999) Stibbert Frederic Abiti e fogge civili e militari dal I al XVIII secolo (Bergamo Istituto

drsquoarti grafiche 1914 Rp Firenze Cassa di Risparmio 1975) Tr Civil and Military Clothing in Europe from the First to the Eighteenth Century (New York BBlom 1968)

Stone George Cameron A Glossary of the Construction Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in all Countries and at all Times (Portland Maine Southworth Press 1934 Rp New York JBrussel 1961 Rp Mineola NY Dover 1999)

Stotten Paul ldquoWandlungen des Gebrauchs der Kriegswaffen im Mittelalterrdquo DieEntwicklung der Kriegswaffe und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Sozialordnung Leopold von Wiese ed (Koumlln Koumllner Universitaumlts Verlag 1953) 118ndash133

Traso Mario Le armi in asta della fanterie europeo 1000ndash1500 (Novara Istituto geografico de Agostini 1988)

Viollet-le-Duc Eugegravene Emmanuel Armes de guerre offensives et deacutefensives 2 vols [Dictionnaire raisonneacute du mobilier franccedilais vols 5ndash6] (Paris AMorel 1874ndash1875)

Wagner Eduard Cut and Thrust Weapons (London Spring Books 1967 2d ed 1969) Wagner Eduard Zaroslava Drobnaacute amp Jan Durdiacutek Tracht Wehr und Waffen des spaumlten

Mittelalters 1350ndash1450 Praha Artia 1957 Tr (Charlotte and Ferdinand Kirschner) Medieval Costume Armour and Weapons 1350ndash1450 (London ADakers 1957)

Williams Alan R ldquoMethods of manufacture of swords in medieval Europe illustrated by the metallography of some examplesrdquo Gladius 13 (1977)75ndash101

Zijlstra-Zweens HM Of his Array Telle I no longer Tale Aspects of Costume Arms and Armour in Western Europe 1200ndash1400 (Amsterdam Rodopi 1988)

Zygulski Zdzislaw ldquoArmour as a symbolic formrdquo Waffen-und Kostuumlmkunde 26 (1984) 77ndash96

NORTHERN EUROPE

Alfoumlldi Andreas ldquoEine spaumltroumlmische Helmform und ihre Schicksale im germanisch-romanischen Mittelalterrdquo Acta Archeologica (Koslashbenhavn) 5 (1934) 99ndash144

Arbman Holger amp Nils-Ove Nilsson ldquoArmes scandinaves de lrsquoeacutepoque Viking en Francerdquo Meddelanden fran Lunds Universitets historiska Museum (1966ndash1968) (Lund Gleerup 1969) 163ndash202

Armes et armures anciennes et souvenirs historiques les plus preacutecieux I Armures etarmes deacutefensives du XIVe au XVIIe siegravecle Gustave Leacuteon Niox ed (Paris Jean Schemit 1917)

Arwidsson Greta ldquoArmour of the Vendel periodrdquo Acta Archaeologica (Koslashbenhavn) 10 (1939) 31ndash59

Ashdown Charles Henry British and Foreign Arms and Armour (London TC amp ECJack 1909 Rp retitled British and Continental Arms and Armour New York Dover 1970)

Medieval welfare 72

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Aylward JD The Small-Sword in England (London Hutchinson 1945 2d ed 1960) Behmer Elis G Das zweischneidige Schwert der germanischen Voumllkerwanderungszeit

Tr (EMeyer amp RNarath) (Stockholm Tryckeriaktiebolaget Svea 1939) Blair Claude ldquoArms and armourrdquo Age of Chivalry Art in Plantagenet England 1200ndash

1400 Jonathan Alexander amp Paul Binski eds (London Weidenfeld amp Nicolsen1987) 169ndash170

Borg Alan Arms and Armour in Britain (London HMSO 1969 2d ed 1979) Borg Alan ldquoGisarmes and great axesrdquo Journal of the Arms and Armour Society 8

(1974ndash1976) 337ndash342 Brooks Nicholas ldquoWeapons and armourrdquo The Battle of Maldon AD 991 DScragg ed

(Oxford Blackwell 1991) 208ndash219 Buttin Franccedilois ldquoLa lance et lrsquoarrecirct de cuirasserdquo Archaeologia 99 (1965) 77ndash178 Caldwell David H ldquoRoyal patronage of arms and armour-making in fifteenth-and

sixteenth-century Scotlandrdquo Scottish Weapons and Fortifications 1100ndash1800(Edinburgh JDonald 1981) 73ndash93

Cirlot Victoria ldquoTechniques guerriegraveres en Catalogne feacuteodal Le maniement de la lancerdquo Cahiers de Civilisation Meacutedieacutevale 28 (1985) 35ndash43

Coupland Simon ldquoCarolingian arms and armor in the ninth centuryrdquo Viator 21 (1990) 29ndash50

Davidson Hilda RE The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England Its Archaeology andLiterature (Oxford Clarendon 1962)

Falk Hjalmar Altnordische Waffenkunde (Kristiania Jacob Dybwad 1914) Ffoulkes Charles J Arms and Armament An Historical Survey of the Weapons of the

British Army (London Harrap 1945) Ffoulkes Charles J ldquoSome aspects of the craft of the armourerrdquo Archaeologia 79

(1929) 13ndash28 Gaier Claude ldquoLrsquoeacutevolution et lrsquousage de lrsquoarmement personnel deacutefensif au pays de Liegravege

du XIIe au XIVe siegraveclerdquo Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fuumlr historische Waffen-undKostuumlmkunde 4 (1962) 65ndash86

Gaier Claude ldquoLe problegraveme de lrsquoorigine de lrsquoindustrie armuriegravere lieacutegeoise au moyen acircge ldquoChronique archeacuteologique du pays de Liegravege (1962) 22ndash75

Gamber Ortwin ldquoDie Bewaffnung der Stauferzeitrdquo Die Zeit der Staufer [Katalog derAusstellung Stuttgart 26 Maumlrz-5 Juni 1977] (Stuttgart Wuumlrttembergisches Landesmuseum 1977) 113ndash118

Gamber Ortwin ldquoThe Sutton Hoo military equipment An attempted reconstructionrdquo Journal of the Arms and Armour Society 5 (1966)265ndash289

Gardner JStarkie Armour in England from the Earliest Times to the Reign of James I(London Seeley 1897)

Glosek Marian Znaki i Napisy na mieczach sredniowiecznych w Polsce (Marks and inscriptions on medieval swords in Poland A summary) English summary (Wroclaw Polska Akademia Nauk 1973)

Grancsay Stephen V ldquoA barbarian chieftainrsquos helmetrdquo Metropolitan Museum of An Bulletin (June 1949) 272ndash281

Grancsay Stephen V ldquoA jousting harnessrdquo Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin vol 52 no 251 (1956) 3ndash8

Arms and armor 73

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Heer E ldquoArmes et armures au temps des guerres de Bourgognerdquo Grandson 1476Daniel Reichel ed (Lausanne Centre drsquohistoire 1976) 170ndash200

James Lawrence ldquoThe cost and distribution of armour in the 14th centuryrdquo Transactions of the Monumental Brass Society 10 (1966) 226ndash231

Keller May L The Anglo-Saxon Weapon Names Treated Archaeologically andEtymologically [Anglistische Forschungen Heft 15] (Heidelberg Carl Winter 1906Rp Amsterdam Swets amp Zeitlinger 1967)

Last Martin ldquoDie Bewaffnung der Karolingerzeitrdquo Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte 41 (1972) 77ndash93

Mann JG ldquoArms and armourrdquo Medieval England ALPoole ed vol I (Oxford Oxford University Press 1958) 314ndash337

Mann JG ldquoNotes on the evolution of plate armour in Germany in the 14th and 15thcenturiesrdquo Archaeologia 84 (1934) 69ndash97

Mann JG An Outline of Arms and Armour in England from the Early Middle Ages tothe Civil War (London HMSO 1960 Rp 1966)

Menghin Wilfried Das Schwert im fruumlhen Mittelalter Chronologisch-typologische Untersuchungen zu Langschwertern aus germanischen Graumlbern des 5 bis 7 Jahrhunderts nach Chr (Stuttgart Konrad Theiss 1983)

Moore CN ldquoThe south Welsh axe Its origins and distributionrdquo Archaeological Journal135 (1978) 57ndash66

Nickel Helmut Der mittelalterliche Reiterschild des Abendlandes (Berlin Fakultaumlt der Freien Universitaumlt Berlin 1958)

Novak Rudolf ldquoDie franzoumlsischen Waffennamen Eine Auswahlrdquo Zeitschrift derGesellschaft fuumlr historische Waffen-und Kostuumlmkunde 12 (1970) 68ndash74

Nowakowski Andrzej Uzbrojenie Wojsk Krzysackich w Prusach w XIV w Na Poczatku XV w (Arms and armour of the Teutonic Orderrsquos troops in Prussia in the 14th and early 15th century) English summary [Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia no 29] (Loacutedz 1980)

Peirce Ian ldquoArms armour and warfare in the eleventh centuryrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies10 (1987) 237ndash257

Petersen Jan De Norske Vikingesverd En typologisk-kronologisk Studie overVikingetidens Vaaben [Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter II Hist-filos Kl no 1] (Kristiania Jacob Dybwad 1919)

Reitzeustein Alexander von Der Waffenschmied vom Handwerk der Schwertschmiede Planner und Buchsenmacher (Muumlnchen Prestel 1964)

Reverseau Jean-Pierre ldquoLrsquoarmement deacutefensif agrave lrsquoeacutepoque de Jeanne drsquoArc Lrsquoarmure de lrsquoheroinerdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 67ndash72

Reverseau Jean-Pierre ldquoLrsquoarmement agrave lrsquoeacutepoque de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Les Dossiers de lrsquoArcheacuteologie 34 (1979) 39ndash44

Rothero Christopher Medieval Military Dress 1066ndash1500 (Poole England Blandford 1983)

Rynne Eacutetienne ldquoThe impact of the Vikings on Irish weaponsrdquo [Atti del VI congresso internazionale delle scienze preistoriche e protoistoriche Roma 1962] (Firenze Sansoni 1962) 181ndash185

Schneider Hugo Schweizer Waffenschmiede vom 15 bis 20 Jahrhundert (Zuumlrich Orell

Medieval welfare 74

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Fuumlssli 1976) Schulz Albert Zur Waffenkunde des aumllteren deutschen Mittelalters [Bibliothek der

gesarnmten deutschen national Literatur Abt II Bd 4] (Leipzig GBasse 1867) Schulze-Doumlrrlamm Mechthild Das Reichsschwert Ein Herrschaftzeichen des Saliers

Heinrich IV und des Welfen Otto IV (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1995) Scott Jack G ldquoThree medieval swords from Scotlandrdquo Scottish Weapons and

Fortifications (Edinburgh John Donald 1981) 10ndash20 Scottish Weapons and Fortifications 1100ndash1800 David HCaldwell ed [Edinburgh

Conferences 1976ndash1978] (Edinburgh John Donald 1981) Steuer Heiko ldquoHistorische Phasen der Bewaffnung nach Aussagen der archaumlologischen

Quellen Mittel- und Nordeuropas im ersten Jahrtausend nach Chrrdquo Fruumlhmittelalterliche Studien 4 (1970) 348ndash383

Swanton MJ A Corpus of Pagan Anglo-Saxon Spear-Types [BAR 7] (Oxford British Archaeological Reports 1974)

Tackenberg Kurt ldquoUumlber die Schutzwaffen der Karolingerzeit und ihre Wiedergabe inHandschriften und Elfenbeinschnitzereienrdquo Fruumlhmittelalterliche Studien 3 (1969) 277ndash288

Thomas Bruno amp Ortwin Gamber ldquoLrsquoarte milanese dellrsquoarmaturardquo Storia di Milanovol2 (Milano Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri 1958) 698ndash841

Thordeman Bengt Armour from the Battle of Wisby 1361 2 vols (Stockholm Kungl vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien 1939)

Thordeman Bengt Vaaben [Nordisk Kultur XII B] (Stockholm Albeit Bonniers1943)

Toulet Michel ldquoLe port drsquoarmes dans la lsquoFrance anglaisersquordquo La France anglaise au moyen acircge [Actes du IIIe congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Poitiers 1986) vol 1 (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1988) 453ndash460

Tweddle Dominic The Coppergate Helmet (York Jorvik Viking Centre 1984) Underwood Richard Anglo-Saxon Weapons and Warfare (Stroud Tempus 1999) Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England Sonia CHawkes ed [Oxford University

Committee for Archaeology Monograph no 21] (Oxford Oxbow 1989) Werner Joachim ldquoBewaffnung und Waffenbeigabe in der Merowingerzeitrdquo Settimane di

studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 95ndash108 Wilson David M ldquoSome neglected late Anglo-Saxon swordsrdquo Medieval Archaeology 9

(1965) 32ndash54

SOUTHERN EUROPE

Aroldi Aldo M Armi e armature italiane fino al XVIII secolo (Milano Bramante 1961)

Boccia Lionello G ldquoLrsquoarmamente in Toscana dal millecento al trecentordquo Civiltagrave delle arti minori in Toscana [Atti del I convegno Arezzo 11ndash15 maggio 1971] (Firenze Edam 1973) 193ndash212

Boccia Lionello G amp ET Coelho LrsquoArte dellrsquoArmatura in Italia (Milano Bramante 1967)

Arms and armor 75

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Breveglieri Bruno ldquoArmamento duecentesco bolognese da statuti e documenti drsquoarchiviordquo Bullettino dellrsquo Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo 94 (1988) 73ndash122

Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada Arms and Armour in Spain A Short Survey 2 vols [Gladius tomo especial 1971 amp 1981] (Madrid Consejo superior de investigaciones cientiacuteficas 1972 and 1982)

Brun Robert ldquoNotes sur le commerce des armes agrave Avignon au XIVe siegraveclerdquo BEC 109 (1951) 209ndash231

Cirlot Mariacutea Victoria ldquoLa evolucioacuten de la espada en la sociedad catalana de los siglos XI al XIIIrdquo Gladius 14 (1978) 9ndash58

Frangioni Luciana ldquoAspetti della produzione della armi milanesi nel XV secolordquo Milano nellrsquoetagrave di Ludovico il Moro [Atti del convegno internazionale 28 febbraio-4 marzo 1983] 2 vols (Milano Biblioteca Trivulziana Comune di Milano 1983) vol 1 195ndash200

Giese Wilhelm ldquoWaffen nach den katalanischen Chroniken des XIII Jahrhundertsrdquo Volkstum und Kultur der Romanen 1 (1928) 140ndash182

Grancsay Stephen V ldquoA Sasanian chieftainrsquos helmetrdquo Metropolitan Museum of ArtBulletin (April 1963) 252ndash262

Mann JG ldquoNotes on the armour worn in Spain from the tenth to the fifteenth centuryrdquo Archaeologia 83 (1933) 285ndash305

Mann JG ldquoThe sanctuary of the madonna delle grazie with notes on the evolution ofItalian armour during the fifteenth centuryrdquo Archaelogia 80 (1930) 117ndash142 87 (1937) 311ndash351

Riquer Martiacute de LrsquoArnegraves del cavalier Armes i armadures catalanes medievals(Barcelona Edicions Ariel 1968)

Robinson HRussell The Armour of Imperial Rome (New York Charles Scribnerrsquos Sons 1975)


Alexander DG ldquoEuropean swords in the collections of Istanbul I Swords from thearsenal of Alexandriardquo Waffen-und Kostuumlmkunde 27 (1985) 81ndash118

Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada ldquoMilitary equipment in the byzantine manuscript of Scylitzes inthe Biblioteca nacional in Madridrdquo Gladius 5 (1966) 9ndash160

Giese Wilhelm ldquoWaffen der Araber und Tuumlrken in katalanischen Texten des XIII bis XV Jahrhundertsrdquo Estudis oferts a R Aramon i Serra (Barcelona Curial 1979) 237ndash241

Islamic Arms and Armour Robert Elgood ed (London Scolar Press 1979) Kolias Taxiarchis G Byzantinische Waffen Ein Beitrag zur byzantinischen

Waffenkunde von den Anfaumlngen bis zur lateinischen Eroberung [Byzantina Vindobonensia Bd 17] (Wien Verlag der Oumlsterreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften 1988)

Mayer LA Islamic Armourers and their Works (Genegraveve Albert Kundig 1962) Mayer LA ldquoSaracenic arms and armorrdquo Ars Islamica 10 (1943) 1ndash12

Medieval welfare 76

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Nicolle David C Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era 1050ndash1350 2 vols (New York Kraus 1988)

Nicolle David C ldquoArms of the Umayyad era Military technology in a time of changerdquo War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century Yaacov Lev ed (Leiden Brill 1997) 9ndash100

Nicolle David C Early Medieval Islamic Arms and Armour [Gladius tomo especial] (Madrid Instituto de estudios sobre armas antiguas 1976)

Nicolle David C ldquoThe impact of the European couched lance on Muslim military traditionrdquo Journal of the Arms and Armour Society 10 (1980) 6ndash40

Robinson HRussell Oriental Armour [The Arms and Armour Series] (LondonHerbert Jenkins 1967)

Schreiner Peter ldquoZur Ausruumlstung des Kriegers in Byzanz im Kiever Russland und inNordeuropa nach bildlichen und literarischen Quellenrdquo Les Pays du nord et Byzance[Acts du colloque tenu agrave Upsal 20ndash22 avril 1979] (Uppsala Almqvist amp Wiksell1981) 215ndash236

Schwarzlose Friedrich W Die Waffen der alten Araber aus ihren Dichtern dargestelltEin Beitrag zur arabischen Alterthumskunde Synonymik und Lexicographiehellip(Leipzig JCHinrichs 1886 Rp Hildesheim Georg Olms 1982)

Williams Alan R The Metallurgy of Muslim Armour [Seminar on Early Islamic Science no 3] (Manchester Manchester University Press 1978)

Williams Alan R ldquoOttoman military technology The metallurgy of Turkish armourrdquo War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century (Leiden Brill 1997) 363ndash397

Zaky ARahman ldquoIntroduction to the study of Islamic arms and armourrdquo Gladius 1 (1961) 17ndash29

Zaky ARahman ldquoIslamic armour An introductionrdquo Gladius 2 (1963) 69ndash74

Arms and armor 77

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 6 Archery

A Bibliography of Archery Fred Lake amp Hal Wright eds (Manchester Simon ArcheryFoundation 1974)

Alm Josef European Crossbows A Survey (Leeds Royal Armouries Museum 1998) Alm Josef ldquoEuropeiska armborst En oumlversiktrdquo Vaaben-Historiske Aarboslashger

(Koslashbenhavn Vaabenhistorisk selskab 1947) 105ndash255 With a summary in German Amatuccio Giovanni Peri toxeias LrsquoArco da guerra nel mondo bizantino e tardo-

antico (Bologna Planetario 1996) Bartlett Clive The English Longbowman 1330ndash1515 (London Osprey 1995) Book of

the Long Bow Robert PElmer amp Charles ASmart eds (New York Doubleday Doran 1929)

Boudot-Lamotte Antoine Contribution agrave lrsquoeacutetude de lrsquoarcherie musulmane principalement drsquoapregraves le manuscrit drsquoOxford Bodleacuteienne Huntington 264(Damascus Institut franccedilais de Damas 1968)

Bradbury Jim The Medieval Archer (New York St Martinrsquos Press 1985) Burke Edmund The History of Archery (New York William Morrow 1957) Dennis George T ldquoFlies mice and the Byzantine crossbowrdquo Byzantine and Modern

Greek Studies 7 (1981) 1ndash6 Featherstone Donald The Bowmen of England The Story of the English Longbow (New

York Clarkson NPotter 1968) Foley Vernard George Palmer amp Werner Soedel ldquoThe crossbowrdquo Scientific American

52 (1985) 104ndash110 Gaier Claude ldquoLrsquoinvincibiliteacute anglaise et le grand arc apregraves la guerre de cent ans Un

mythe tenacerdquo Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 91 no 3 (1978) 379ndash385 Gaier Claude ldquoQuand lrsquoarbalegravete eacutetait une nouveauteacute Reacuteflections sur son rocircle militaire

du Xe au XIIIe siegraveclerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 29 (1993) 201ndash229 George Hereford B ldquoThe archers at Creacutecyrdquo EHR 10 (1895) 733ndash738 Gillespie James L ldquoRichard IIrsquos archers of the crownrdquo Journal of British Studies 18

(1979) 14ndash29 Haldon John F ldquoSolenarion the Byzantine crossbowrdquo University of Birmingham

Historical Journal 12 (1970) 155ndash157 Hardy Robert ldquoThe longbowrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years

War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 161ndash181 Hardy Robert The Longbow A Social and Military History (Cambridge England

Patrick Stephens 1976 Portsmouth England Mary Rose 1986 London Bois drsquoArc 1992)

Harmuth Egon ldquoEine arabische Armbrustrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr Waffen- und Kostuumlmkunde

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

(1983) 141ndash144 Harmuth Egon Die Armbrust (Graz Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1975) Harmuth Egon ldquoDie Armbrustbilder des Haimo von Auxerrerdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr historische

Waffen- und Kostuumlmkunde (1970) 127ndash130 Harmuth Egon ldquoZur Leistung der mittelalterlichen Armbrustrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr historische

Waffen- und Kostuumlmkunde (1971) 128ndash136 Harris PV ldquoThe longbow in battlerdquo The British Archer 4 (1953) 183ndash184 Heath Ernest G Archery A Military History (London Osprey 1980) Kaegi Walter E Jr ldquoThe contribution of archery to the Turkish conquest of Anatoliardquo

Speculum 39 (1964) 96ndash108 Klopsteg Paul E Turkish Archery and the Composite Bow (Evanston Ill Klopsteg

1934 3d ed Manchester Simon Archery Fdn 1987) Lane Frederic C ldquoThe crossbow in the nautical revolution of the middle agesrdquo

Economy Society and Government in Medieval Italy Essays in Memory of RobertLReynolds DHerlihy RLopez amp VSlessarev eds (Kent Ohio Kent StateUniversity Press 1969) 161ndash171

Legge MDominica ldquoThe unerring bowrdquo Medium Aevum 25 (1956) 79ndash83 Lloyd EM ldquoThe herse of archers at Creacutecyrdquo EHR 10 (1895) 538ndash541 Loewe Raphael ldquoJewish evidence for the history of the crossbowrdquo Les Juifs au regard

de lrsquohistoire Meacutelanges Bernhard Blumenkranz Gilbert Dahan ed (Paris Picard 1985) 87ndash107

Manley John ldquoThe archer and the army in the late Saxon periodrdquo Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 4 (1985) 223ndash235

McGuffie TH ldquoThe long-bow as a decisive weaponrdquo History Today 5 (1955) 737ndash741

McLeod Wallace ldquoThe range of the ancient bowrdquo Phoenix 19 (1965) 1ndash14 Milliken Ernest Kenneth Archery in the Middle Ages (London Macmillan 1967) Morris JE ldquoThe archers at Creacutecyrdquo EHR 12 (1897) 427ndash436 Paterson WF ldquoThe archers of Islamrdquo Journal of the Economic and Social History of

the Orient 9 (1966) 69ndash87 Paterson WF ldquoArchery in Moghul India An illustrated manual of instruction in the

collection of the Marquess of Buterdquo Islamic Quarterly 16 (1972) 81ndash95 Paterson WF A Guide to the Crossbow (London Society of Archer Antiquaries

1990) Payne-Gallwey Ralph The Crossbow Medieval and Modern Military and Sporting Its

Construction History and Management (London Longmans Green 1903 RpLondon Holland Press 1958 1976 1995)

Peacutetrin Nicole ldquoPhilological notes on the crossbow and related missile weaponsrdquo Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 33 (1992) 265ndash291

Rausing Gad The Bow Some notes on its origin and development [Acta archaeologica Lundensia 6] (Lund Gleerup 1967)

Stein Henri Archers drsquoautrefois archers drsquoaujourdrsquohui (Paris Longuet 1925) Wilbur CMartin The History of the Crossbow (Washington DC Smithsonian

Institution 1937 Rp Seattle Shorey Book Store 1982)

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 7 Cavalry

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoCaballus et caballarius in medieval warfarerdquo The Study ofChivalry Resources and Approaches Howell Chickering amp Thomas H Seiler eds (Kalamazoo Mich Medieval Institute 1988) 173ndash211

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoCharlemagnersquos cavalry myth and realityrdquo Military Affairs 42 no 4 (1983) 181ndash187

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoCharles Martel mounted shock combat the stirrup and feudalismrdquo Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 1 (1964) 47ndash76

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoOn the origins of William the Conquerorrsquos horse transportsrdquo Technology and Culture 26 (1985) 505ndash531

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe origin of Armorican chivalryrdquo Technology and Culture 10 (1969) 166ndash171

Barbarani Francesco ldquoDai cavalieri della steppa alla cavalleria medievalerdquo Economia e storia 2d ser 3 (1982) 388ndash408

Bautier Robert-Henri amp Anne Marie Bautier ldquoContribution agrave lrsquohistoire du cheval au moyen acircgerdquo Bulletin philologique et historique du comiteacute des travaux historiques etscientifiques 1978 (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1980) 9ndash75

Bennett M ldquoThe medieval warhorse reconsideredrdquo Medieval Knighthood vol 5 [Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill conference 1994] Stephen Church amp Ruth Harvey eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 19ndash40

Bivar ADH ldquoCavalry equipment and tactics on the Euphrates frontierrdquo Dumbarton Oaks Papers 26 (1972) 271ndash291+30 plates

Cardini Franco Alle radici della cavalleria medievale (Firenze La Nuova Italia Editrice 1981)

Chomel Vital ldquoChevaux de bataille et roncins en Dauphineacute au XIVe siegraveclerdquo Cahiers drsquohistoire 7 (1962) 5ndash23

Clapham JH ldquoThe horsing of the Danesrdquo EHR 25 (1910) 287ndash293 Davis RHC The Medieval Warhorse Origin Development and Redevelopment

(London Thames amp Hudson 1989) Davis RHC ldquoThe warhorses of the Normansrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 10 (1987) 67ndash

82 Eadie John W ldquoThe development of Roman mailed cavalryrdquo Journal of Roman Studies

57 (1961) 161ndash173 Flori Jean ldquoChevalerie chreacutetienne et cavalerie musulmane Deux conceptions du combat

chevaleresque vers 1100rdquo Croisade et chevalerie XendashXIIe siegravecles (Bruxelles DeBoeck 1998) 389ndash405

Flori Jean ldquoEncore lrsquousage de la lance La technique du combat chevalresque vers lrsquoan 1100rdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 31 (1988) 213ndash240

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Gaier Claude ldquoLa cavalerie lourde en Europe occidentale du XIIe au XVe siegravecle Un problegraveme de mentaliteacuterdquo Revue internationale drsquohistoire militaire 31 (1971) 385ndash396

Ganshof Franccedilois L ldquoA propos de la cavalerie dans les armeacutees de Charlemagnerdquo Comptes rendus des seacuteances de lrsquoAcadeacutemie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 2 (1952) 531ndash536

Gillmor Carroll ldquoPractical chivalry The training of horses for tournaments andwarfarerdquo Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History ns 13 (1992) 5ndash29

Graham-Campbell James ldquoAnglo-Scandinavian equestrian equipment in eleventh-century Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992) 77ndash89

Higham NJ ldquoCavalry in early Berniciardquo Northern History 27 (1991) 236ndash241 See also CCessford ldquoCavalry in early Bernicia A replyrdquo Northern History 29 (1993) 185ndash187

Hill DR ldquoThe role of the camel and the horse in the early Arab conquestsrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East (London Oxford University Press 1975)32ndash43

Horses in European Economic History FMLThompson ed (Reading BritishAgricultural History Society 1983)

Hyland Ann Equus The Horse in the Roman World New Haven Yale University Press 1990)

Hyland Ann The Medieval Warhorse from Byzantium to the Crusades (Stroud Alan Sutton 1994)

Latham JD ldquoNotes on Maml k horse-archersrdquo Bulletin of the School of Oriental andAfrican Studies 32 (1969) 257ndash267

Littauer Mary A ldquoEarly stirrupsrdquo Antiquity 55 (1981) 99ndash105 Lydon JF ldquoThe hobelar an Irish contribution to medieval warfarerdquo Irish Sword 2

(1954) 12ndash16 Marshall Christopher J ldquoThe use of the charge in battle in the Latin east 1192ndash1291rdquo

Historical Research 63 (1990) 221ndash226 McGeer Eric ldquoInfantry versus cavalry The Byzantine responserdquo Reacutevue des eacutetudes

byzantines 46 (1988) 135ndash145 The Medieval Horse and its Equipment c1150ndashc1450 John Clark ed [Medieval finds

from excavations no 5] (London HMSO 1995) Morris JE ldquoMounted infantry in medieval warfarerdquo TRHS 3d ser 8 (1914) 77ndash102 Ogilvy JDA ldquoThe stirrup and feudalismrdquo University of Colorado Studies 10 (1966)

1ndash13 Powicke Michael ldquoThe general obligation to cavalry service under Edward Irdquo Speculum

28 (1953) 814ndash833 Prestwich Michael ldquoCavalry service in early fourteenth-century Englandrdquo War and

Government in the Middle Ages Essays in Honour of JOPrestwich (Cambridge England Brewer 1984) 147ndash158

Rogers HCB The Mounted Troops of the British Army 1066ndash1945 (London Seeley 1959)

Ross DJA ldquoLrsquooriginaliteacute de lsquoTuroldusrsquo Le maniement de la lancerdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 6 (1963) 127ndash138

Saacutenchez-Albornoz Claudio ldquoLa caballeriacutea visigodardquo Wirtschaft und Kultur Festschrift

Cavalry 82

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ded

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Uni

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

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6

zum 70 Geburtstag von Alfons Dopsch (Frankfurt am Main Sauer amp Auvermann1966) 92ndash108

Schnerb Bertrand ldquoLe cheval et les chevaux dans les armeacutees des ducs de Bourgogne au XIVe siegraveclerdquo Commerce finances socieacuteteacute (XIe-XVIe siegravecles) Festschrift Henri Dubois Philippe Contamine et al eds (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1993)71ndash87

Settia Aldo A ldquoLe radici tecnologiche della cavalleria medievale in margine ad un libro recenterdquo Rivista storica italiana 97 (1985) 264ndash273

Verbruggen JF ldquoLa tactique de la chevalerie franccedilaise de 1340 agrave 1415rdquo Publications de lrsquoUniversiteacute drsquoEacutetat agrave Elizabethville (1961) 39ndash48

Verbruggen JF ldquoLa tactique militaire des armeacutees de chevaliersrdquo Revue du Nord 29 (1947) 161ndash180

Warner Philip The British Cavalry (London JMDent 1984) Willoughby Rupert ldquoThe shock of the newrdquo History Today 49 (1999) 37ndash42

Medieval welfare 83

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


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19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 8 Gunpowder Firearms Artillery and Siege

Weapons

GENERAL WORKS

Guns and Shooting A Selected Chronological Bibliography Ray Riling ed (New York Greenberg 1951)

Hoff Arne Feuerwaffen Ein waffenhistorisches Handbuch 2 vols [Bibliothek fuumlrKunst- und Antiquitaumltenfreunde Bd 9 amp 9a] (Braunschweig Klinkhardt amp Biermann 1969)

Der Neue Stockel Internationales Lexikon der Buumlchsenmacher Feuerwaffenfabrikanten und Armbrustmacher von 1400ndash1900 3 vols Eugegravene Heer ed (Schwaumlbisch-Hall Journal-Verlag Schwend 1978ndash1979)

Berthelot Marcellin ldquoLes compositions incendiaires dans lrsquoantiquiteacute et au moyen acircge Le

feu greacutegeois et les origines de la poudre agrave canonrdquo Revue des Deux Mondes 106 (1891) 786ndash822

Berthelot Marcellin ldquoHistoire des machines de guerre et des arts meacutecaniques au moyen acircge Le livre drsquoun ingeacutenieur militaire agrave la fin du XIVe siegraveclerdquo Annales de chimie et de physique 7th ser 19 (1900) 289ndash420

Blackmore Howard L Firearms (London Studio Vista 1964) Brackenbury Henry Ancient Cannon in Europe from their earliest Employment to the

Close of the fourteenth Century (Woolwich Royal Artillery Institution 1865) Bradbury Jim ldquoGreek fire in the Westrdquo History Today 29 (1979) 326ndash331 Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada Antikens Artilleri (Koslashbenhavn GECGads 1958) Bury JB ldquoThe early history of the explosive minerdquo Fort 10 (1982) 23ndash30 Carman WY A History of Firearms from Earliest Times to 1914 (London Routledge

amp Kegan Paul 1955) Chevedden Paul E ldquoArtillery in late antiquity Prelude to the middle agesrdquo The

Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 131ndash173 Cipolla Carlo M Guns Sails and Empires Technological Innovation and the Early

Phases of European Expansion 1400ndash1700 (New York Pantheon 1965 Rp New York Barnes amp Noble 1996)

De Poerck G ldquoLrsquoartillerie agrave ressorts meacutedieacutevale Notes lexicologiques et eacutetymologiquesrdquo Bulletin du Cange 18 (1943ndash1944) 35ndash49

Dubois Didier ldquoLa charpente militaire Un aspect des engins agrave jet agrave contrepoids agrave la fin du moyen acircgerdquo Artistes artisans et production artistique au moyen acircge (Paris Picard 1986ndash1987) 403ndash408

Erben Wilhelm ldquoBeitraumlge zur Geschichte des Geschuumltzwesens im Mittelalterrdquo

Dow

nloa

ded

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Uni

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ity o

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19

May

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6

Zeitschrift fuumlr historische Waffen-und Kostuumlmkunde 7 (1916) 85ndash102 117ndash129 Essenwein August Ovon Quellen zur Geschichte der Feuerwaffen Facsimilierte

Nachbildungen alter Originalzeichungen Miniaturen Holzschnitte und Kupferstiche nebst Aufnahmen alter Originalwaffen und Modelle (Leipzig FBrockhaus 1872 Rp1877 Rp Graz Akademische Druckund Verlagsanstalt 1969)

Finoacute J-F ldquoLe feu et ses usages militairesrdquo Gladius 9 (1970) 15ndash30 Finoacute J-F ldquoMachines de jet meacutedieacutevalesrdquo Gladius 10 (1972) 25ndash43 Gille Bertrand Les Ingeacutenieurs de la Renaissance (Paris Hermann 1964 Rp 1978) Tr

Engineers of the Renaissance (Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press 1966)

Gillmor Carroll M ldquoThe introduction of the traction trebuchet into the Latin westrdquo Viator 12 (1981) 1ndash8

Gunpowder The History of an International Technology Brenda JBuchanan ed (Bath Bath University Press 1996)

Gwen-Djen Lu Joseph Needham amp Phan Chi-Hsing ldquoThe oldest representation of a bombardrdquo Technology and Culture 29 (1988) 594ndash605

Haldon JF amp MByrne ldquoA possible solution to the problem of Greek firerdquo Byzantinische Zeitschift 70 (1977) 91ndash99

Hale JR ldquoGunpowder and the renaissance An essay in the history of ideasrdquo From the Renaissance to the Counter-Reformation Essays in Honour of Garrett MattinglyCharles HCarter ed (London Jonathan Cape 1966) 113ndash144

Hall Bert S Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press 1997)

Hansen Peter V amp Nykobing Falster ldquoExperimental reconstruction of a medievaltreacutebuchetrdquo Acta archaeologica 63 (1992) 189ndash208

Hayward John F The Art of the Gunmaker 2 vols (London Barrie and Rockcliff 1962ndash1963)

Hill Donald R ldquoTreacutebuchetsrdquo Viator 4 (1973) 99ndash116 Hime Henry WL The Origin of Artillery (London Longmans 1915) Hogg OFG Artillery Its Origin Heyday and Decline (London CHurst 1970) Huuri Kalervo Zur Geschichte des mittelalterlichen Geschuumltzwesens aus orientalischen

Quellen [Studia Orientalia 93] (Helsingfors Societas Orientalis Fennica 1941) Khan Iqtidar A ldquoEarly use of cannon and musket in India AD 1442ndash1526rdquo Journal of

the Economic and Social History of the Orient 24 (1981) 146ndash164 Khan Iqtidar A ldquoOrigin and development of gunpowder technology in India AD

1250ndash1500rdquo Indian Historical Review 4 no 1 (July 1977) 20ndash29 King DJCathcart ldquoThe trebuchet and other siege-enginesrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 10

(1980) 457ndash469 Kramer Gerhard W Berthold Schwarz Chemie und Waffentechnik im 15 Jahrhundert

(Muumlnchen Oldenbourg 1995) Lalanne Ludovic Recherches sur le feu greacutegeois et sur lrsquointroduction de la poudre agrave

canon en Europe 2d ed (Paris JCorreacuteard 1845) Marsden EW Greek and Roman Artillery Historical Development (Oxford

Clarendon 1969) Marsden EW Greek and Roman Artillery Technical Treatises (Oxford Clarendon

Gunpowder firearms artillery and siege weapons 86

Dow

nloa

ded

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Uni

vers

ity o

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1971) Mercier Maurice Le Feu greacutegeois Les feux de guerre depuis lrsquoantiquiteacute La poudre agrave

canon (Paris Paul Geuthner 1952) Needham Joseph et al Science and Civilization in China vol 5 Military Technology

The Gunpowder Epic (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1986) Partington JR A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder (Cambridge WHeffer amp

Sons 1960 Pb Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press 1999) Paacuteszthory Emmerich ldquoUumlber das lsquogriechische Feuerrsquo Die Analyse eines spaumltantiken

Waffensystemsrdquo Antike Welt 17 (1986) 27ndash37 Patrick John M Artillery and Warfare during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

[Monograph Series vol 3 no 3 May 1961] (Logan Utah State University Press 1961)

Payne-Gallwey Ralph A Summary of the History Construction and Effects in Warfare of the Projectile-Throwing Engines of the Ancients (London Longmans Green 1907 Rp Totowa NJ Rowman amp Littlefield 1973)

Pentz Peter ldquoA medieval workshop for producing lsquoGreek firersquo grenadesrdquo Antiquity 62 (1988) 89ndash93

Peterson Harold L A History of Firearms (New York Dutton 1961) Pope Dudley Guns from the Invention of Gunpowder to the 20th Century (London

Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 1965) Rathgen Bernhard Das Aufkommen der Pulverwaffe Eine Quellenpruumlfung (Muumlnchen

Verlag lsquoDie schwere Artilleriersquo 1925) Rathgen Bernhard Das Geschuumltz im Mittelalter Quellenkritische Untersuchungen

(Berlin VDI-Verlag 1928) Rogers HCB A History of Artillery (Secaucus NJ Citadel Press 1975) Schmidtchen Volker Bombarden Befestigungen Buumlchsenmeister von den ersten

Mauerbrechern des Spaumltmittelalters zur Belagerungsartillerie der Renaissance(Duumlsseldorf Droste 1977)

Schneider Rudolf Die Artillerie des Mittelalters nach den Angaben der Zeitgenossen dargestellt (Berlin Weidmann 1910 Rp Aalen Scientia 1985)

Viollet-le-Duc Emmanuel ldquoLes engines de siegravege au moyen acircgerdquo Heimdal 25 (1978) 35ndash41

Williams AR ldquoThe production of saltpetre in the middle agesrdquo Ambix 22 (1975) 125ndash133

NORTHERN EUROPE

Allmand CT ldquoLrsquoartillerie de lrsquoarmeacutee anglaise et son organisation a lrsquoeacutepoque de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 73ndash83

Baatz Dietwulf ldquoRecent finds of ancient artilleryrdquo Britannia 9 (1978) 1ndash17 Blackmore Howard L ldquoThe Boxted bombardrdquo Antiquaries Journal 67 (1987) 86ndash96 Bonaparte Louis Napoleacuteon (Napoleacuteon III) amp I Faveacute Eacutetudes sur le passeacute et lrsquoavenir de

lrsquoartillerie 6 vols (Paris JDumaine 1846ndash1871) Cam Helen M ldquoThe legend of the incendiary birdsrdquo EHR 31 (1916) 98ndash101

Medieval welfare 87

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Clephan RColtman ldquoThe ordnance of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuriesrdquo Archaeological Journal 68 (1911) 49ndash138

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquoartillerie royale agrave la veille des guerres drsquoItalierdquo Annales de Bretagne 71 (1964) 221ndash261

Contamine Philippe ldquoLes Industries de guerre dans la France de la renaissancelrsquoexemple de lrsquoartillerierdquo RH 550 (1984) 249ndash280

Dehoacuteir Siobhaacuten ldquoGuns in medieval and Tudor Irelandrdquo Irish Sword 15 (1982ndash1983) 76ndash88

DeVries Kelly ldquoThe impact of gunpowder weaponry on siege warfare in the HundredYears Warrdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 227ndash244

Dubled H ldquoLrsquoArtillerie royale franccedilaise agrave lrsquoeacutepoque de Charles VII et au deacutebut du regravegne de Louis XI (1437ndash1469) Les Fregraveres Bureaurdquo Meacutemorial de lrsquoartillerie franccedilaise 50 (1976) 555ndash637

Esper Thomas ldquoThe replacement of the longbow by firearms in the English armyrdquo Technology and Culture 6 (1965) 382ndash393

Fawtier Robert ldquoDocuments ineacutedits sur lrsquoorganisation de lrsquoartillerie royale au temps de Louis XIrdquo Essays in Medieval History presented to TFTout AGLittle amp FMPowicke eds (Manchester Manchester University Press 1925) 367ndash377

Ffoulkes Charles The Gun-Founders of England (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1937 2d ed London Arms and Armour Press 1969)

Finoacute JF ldquoLrsquoArtillerie en France agrave la fin du moyen acircgerdquo Gladius 12 (1974) 13ndash31 Finoacute JF ldquoNotes sur la production du fer et la fabrication des armes en France au moyen

acircgerdquo Gladius 3 (1964) 47ndash66 Finot Jules LrsquoArtillerie bourguignonne agrave la bataille de Montlheacutery (Lille LDanel

1896) Gaier Claude Quatre sieacutecles drsquoarmurerie lieacutegeoise (Liegravege Halbart 1976) Tr

(FJNorris) Four Centuries of Liegravege Gunmaking (Liegravege Halbart 1976) Gaier Claude ldquoLe rocircle des armes agrave feu dans les batailles lieacutegoises au XVe siegravecle

Publications du Centre europeacuteen drsquoeacutetudes bourguignonnes 26 (1986) 31ndash37 Garnier Joseph LrsquoArtillerie des ducs de Bourgogne drsquoapregraves les documents conserveacutes aux

archives de la Cocircte drsquoOr (Paris Honoreacute Champion 1895) Girardot Alain ldquoFondeurs drsquoartillerie et siderurgistes Une direction de rechercherdquo

Mines carrriegraveres et meacutetallurqie dans la France meacutedieacutevale [Actes du colloque de Paris 19ndash21 Juin 1980] (Paris CNRS 1983) 67ndash76

Henrard Paul J Histoire de lrsquoartillerie en Belgique depuis son origine jusqursquoau regravegnedrsquoAlbert et drsquoIsabelle (Bruxelles CMuquardt 1865)

Hogg OFG English Artillery 1326ndash1716 (London Royal Artillery Institute 1963) Hunter Joseph ldquoProofs of the early use of gunpowder in the English armyrdquo

Archaeologia 32 (1847) 379ndash387 Leguay Jean-Pierre ldquoUn aspect du travail du meacutetal dans les villes armoricaines au

moyen acircge La fabrication des canons et des armes blanches Aspects techniques eacuteconomiques et sociauxrdquo Hommes et travail du meacutetal dans les villes meacutedieacutevales Paul Benoit amp Denis Cailleaux eds [Actes de la table ronde Paris 23 mars 1984] (Paris Association pour lrsquoeacutedition et diffusion des eacutetudes historiques 1988) 195ndash226

Martin Paul ldquoLrsquoArtillerie et la fonderie de canons de Strasbourg du XIVe au XVIIIe


Dow

nloa

ded

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19

May

201

6

siegraveclerdquo Revue drsquoAlsace (1966) 30ndash39 Maxwell-Irwing Alstair MT ldquoEarly firearms and their influence on the military and

domestic architecture of the Bordersrdquo Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries ofScotland 103 (1970ndash1971) 192ndash224

OrsquoNeil Bryan H St John Castles and Cannon A Study of Early Artillery Fortificationsin England (Oxford Clarendon 1960)

Perroy Edouard ldquoLrsquoartillerie de Louis XI dans la campagne drsquoArtois 1477rdquo Revue du Nord 26 (1943) 171ndash196 263ndash296

Perroy Edouard ldquoLrsquoartillerie royale agrave la bataille de Montlheacutery 10 juillet 1465rdquo RH 149 (1925) 187ndash189

Schmidtchen Volker Die Feuerwaffen des deutschen Ritterordens bis zur Schlacht beiTannenberg 1410 Bestaumlnde Funktion und Kosten dargestellt anhand derWirtschaftsbuumlcher des Ordens von 1374 bis 1410 (Luumlneburg Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk 1977)

Smith Robert D ldquoArtillery and the hundred years war Myth and interpretationrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 151ndash160

Sommeacute Monique ldquoLrsquoartillerie et la guerre de frontiegravere dans le nord de la France de 1477 agrave 1482rdquo Publications du Centre europeacuteen drsquoeacutetudes bourguignonnes 26 (1986) 57ndash70

Tabraham Christopher J amp George LGood ldquoThe artillery fortification at Threave castle Gallowayrdquo Scottish Weapons and Fortifications (Edinburgh JDonald 1981) 55ndash72

Tout TF ldquoFirearms in England in the fourteenth centuryrdquo EHR 26 (1911) 666ndash702 (Rp London Arms amp Armour Press 1968)

Vale MGA ldquoNew techniques and old ideals The impact of artillery on war and chivalry at the end of the Hundred Years Warrdquo War Literature and Politics in the lateMiddle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976) 57ndash72

Vaux de Foletier Franccedilois de Galiot de Genouillac maicirctre de lrsquoartillerie de France (1465ndash1546) (Paris APicard 1925)

SOUTHERN EUROPE

Angelucci Angelo Delle artiglierie da fuoco italiane Memorie storiche con documentiinediti (Torino GCassone 1862)

Documenti inediti per la storia delle armi da fuoco italiane Angelo Angelucci ed (Torino GCassone 1869 Rp Graz Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1972)

Gaibi Agostino Le Armi da fuoco portatili Italiane dalle origini al Risorgimento(Milano Bramante 1962 2d ed 1968)

Lavin James D A History of Spanish Firearms (London HJenkins 1965) Paciaroni Raoul ldquoLa bombarda grossa di Niccolograve Piccininordquo Atti e memorie della

deputazione di storia patria per le Marche 88 (1985) 85ndash111 Vigoacuten Jorge Historia de la artilleriacutea espantildeola 3 vols (Madrid Consejo superior de

investigaciones cientiacuteficas 1947)

Medieval welfare 89

Dow

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ded

by [

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19

May

201

6


Ayalon David Gunpowder and Firearms in the Maml k Kingdom A Challenge to Medieval Society (London Valentine Mitchell 1956)

Cook Weston F The Hundred Years War for Morocco Gunpowder and the Military Revolution in the early Muslim World (Boulder Col Westview 1994)

Davidson HREllis ldquoThe secret weapon of Byzantiumrdquo Byzantinische Zeitschift 66 (1973) 61ndash74

DeVries Kelly ldquoGunpowder weapons at the siege of Constantinople 1453rdquo War andSociety in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century (Leiden Brill 1997) 343ndash362

Hess AC ldquoFirearms and the decline of Ibn Khaldunrsquos military eliterdquo Archivum Ottomanicum 4 (1972) 173ndash201

Inalcik Halil ldquoThe socio-political effects of the diffusion of firearms in the Middle Eastrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp ME Yapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975) 195ndash217

Petrovi Djurdjica ldquoFirearms in the Balkans on the eve of and after the Ottoman conquests of the 14th and 15th centuriesrdquo War Technology and Society in the MiddleEast VJParry amp MEYapp eds (London Oxford University Press 1975) 164ndash194

Roland Alex ldquoSecrecy technology and war Greek fire and the defense of Byzantium 678ndash1204rdquo Technology and Culture 33 (1992) 655ndash679

Zaky ARahman ldquoGunpowder and Arab firearms in the middle agesrdquo Gladius 6 (1967) 45ndash58

Zenghelis C ldquoLe feu greacutegeois et les armes agrave feu des Byzantinsrdquo Byzantion 7 (1932) 265ndash286


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

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f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

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ded

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19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 9 Fortifications

GENERAL WORKS

Burgen und Feste Plaumltze Der Wehrbau vor Einfuumlhrung der Feuerwaffen Chacircteaux-forts et Places fortes LrsquoArchitecture militaire avant lrsquointroduction des armes agrave feu[Glossarium Artis] (Tuumlbingen Max Niemeyer 1977 3d ed Muumlnchen Saur 1996)

Glossaire archeacuteologique du moyen acircge et de la renaissance 2 vols Victor Gay ed (Paris Picard 1887ndash1928 Rp Nendeln Kraus 1967)

Military Fortifications A Selective Bibliography Dale EFloyd ed (Westport Conn Greenwood 1992)

Villena Leonardo Glossaire Burgenfachwoumlrterbuch des mittelalterlichen Wehrbaus indeutscher englischer franzoumlsischer italienischer spanischer Sprache Werner Meyer ed (FrankfurtMain Wolfgang Weidlich 1975)

Allcorn William amp Quentin Hughes A Guide to the Fortifications of Northwestern

Europe (Liverpool Penpaled Books 1983) Anderson William Castles of Europe from Charlemagne to the Renaissance (New

York Random House 1970 Rp Ware England Omega 1984) Architettura fortificata [Atti del I congresso internazionale Piacenza-Bologna 18ndash21

marzo 1976] (Bologna Istituto italiano dei castelli 1978) Architettura militare nellrsquoEuropa del XVI secolo Carlo Cresti Amelio Fara amp Daniela

Lamberini eds [Atti del convegno di studi Firenze 25ndash28 novembre 1986] (Siena Periccioli 1988)

Bartheacutelemy Dominique ldquoCivilizing the fortress eleventh to thirteenth centuryrdquo Tr (Arthur Goldhammer) A History of Private Life PAriegraves amp GDuby eds Vol 2 Revelations of the Medieval World (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1988)397ndash423

Bernard Michel de ldquoStoria e archeologia nello studio dei castelli medievalirdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 7ndash10

Brice Martin H Stronghold A History of Military Architecture (London Batsford 1984)

Brown RAllen The Architecture of Castles A Visual Guide (London Batsford 1984) Brown RAllen ldquoLes chacircteaux feacuteodauxrdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 29 (1986)

37ndash39 Bur Michel ldquoThe social influence of the motte-and-bailey castlerdquo Scientific American

248 (May 1983) 132ndash140 Bur Michel ldquoVers lrsquoan mil La motte une arme pour une reacutevolutionrdquo LrsquoInformation

historique 44 (1982) 101ndash108

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Cairns Conrad Medieval Castles (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1987) Cammarosano Paolo ldquoProblemi di convergenza interdisciplinare nello studio dei

castellirdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 11ndash25 Castelli storia e archeologia Rinaldo Comba amp Aldo ASettia eds [Relazioni e

communicazioni al convegno tenuto a Cuneo il 6ndash8 dicembre 1981] (Torino Assessorato alla cultura della regione Piemonte 1984)

Castles A History and Guide RAllen Brown et al eds (Poole Blandford 1980) Le Chacircteau et la tour J-HDucos ed [Actes du ler colloque de castellologie 1ndash2

octobre 1983 Flaran] (Abbaye de Flaran Centre de Castellologie 1985) Chacircteaux et peuplements en Europe occidentale du Xe au XVIIIe siegravecle [Centre culturel

de lrsquoAbbaye de Flaran Premiegraveres journeacutees internationales drsquohistoire 20ndash22 septembre 1979] (Auch Comiteacute deacutepartemental de touriacutesme du Gers 1980)

Chacircteaux et socieacuteteacutes du XIVe au XVIe siegravecle [Actes des premiegraveres rencontres internationales drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire de Commarque] (Peacuterigueux Pierre Fanlac 1986)

Le Chacircteau meacutedieacuteval Forteresse habiteacutee XIendashXVIe siegravecles Jean-Michel Poisson ed [Actes du Colloque de Lyon avril 1988] (Paris Maison des sciences de lrsquohomme 1992)

Chibnall Marjorie ldquoOrderic Vitalis on castlesrdquo Studies in Medieval History Presented toRAllen Brown Christopher Harper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 43ndash56

Coulson Charles ldquoHierarchism in conventual crenellation An essay in the sociology and metaphysics of medieval fortificationrdquo Medieval Archaeology 26 (1982) 69ndash100

Coulson Charles ldquoStructural symbolism in medieval castle architecturerdquo Journal of the British Archaeological Association 132 (1979) 73ndash90

Counihan Joan ldquoThe growth of castle-studies in England and on the continent since1850rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 11 (1988) 77ndash85

Disegni di fortificazioni da Leonardo a Michelanglo Pietro CMarani ed [Firenze Casa Buonarroti 27 ottobre 1984ndash28 febbraio 1985] (Firenze Cantini 1984)

Ebhardt Bodo Der Wehrbau Europas im Mittelalter Versuch einer Gesamtdarstellungder europaumlischen Burgen 3 vols (Berlin Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft 1939ndash1958)

Ebner Herwig ldquoDie Burg in historiographischen Werken des Mittelaltersrdquo FestschriftFriedrich Hausmann Herwig Ebner ed (Graz Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt 1977) 119ndash151

Ebner Herwig ldquoDie Burgenpolitik und ihre Bedeutung fuumlr die Geschichte des Mittelaltersrdquo Carinthia I 164 (1974) 33ndash51

Fara Amelio Il Sistema e la cittagrave Architettura fortificata dellrsquoEuropa moderna dai trattati alle realizzazioni 1464ndash1794 (Genova Sagep 1989)

Festungen Der Wehrbau nach Einfuumlhrung der Feuerwaffen Rudolf Huber amp Renate Riethy eds [Glossarium Artis Bd 7] (Tuumlbingen Max Niemeyer 1979)

Fortifications portes de ville places publiques dans le monde meacutediterraneacuteen Jacques Heers ed [Cultures et civilisations meacutedieacutevales 4] (Paris Presses Universitaires deFrance 1985)

Les Fortifications de terre en Europe occidentale du Xe au XIIe siegravecles [Colloque de Caen 2ndash5 octobre 1980] (Caen Centre de recherches archeacuteoloques meacutedieacutevales

Fortifications 93

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1981) 5ndash123 Gardelles Jacques ldquoLes palais dans lrsquoEurope occidentale chreacutetienne du Xe au XIIe

siegraveclerdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 2 (1976) 115ndash134 Guerre fortification et habitat dans le monde meacutediterraneacuteen au moyen acircge Andreacute

Bazzana ed [Colloque organiseacute par la Casa de Velaacutezquez et lrsquoEacutecole franccedilaise de Rome Madrid 24ndash27 novembre 1985] [Castrum 3] (Paris CNRS 1988)

Guillerm Alain La Pierre et le vent Fortifications et marine en occident (Paris Arthaud 1985)

Habitats fortifies et organisation de lrsquoespace en Meacutediterraneacutee meacutedieacutevale Andreacute Bazzana et al eds [Table ronde tenue agrave Lyon les 4 et 5 mai 1982] (Lyon Maison de lrsquoOrient 1983)

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLe Chacircteau-Gaillard et les forteresses des XIIe et XIIIe siegravecles en Europe occidentalerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 1 (1962) 53ndash75

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLrsquoeacutevolution des donjons dans le nord-ouest de la France et en lrsquoAngleterre au XIIe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin archeacuteologique du comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 5 (1969) 141ndash194

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLa genegravese des chacircteaux de plan quadrangulaire en France et en Angleterrerdquo Bulletin de la socieacuteteacute nationale des antiquaires de France (1965) 238ndash257

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLes engines du donjon reacutesidentiel et les donjons-palais romans de France et drsquoAngleterrerdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 17 (1974) 217ndash234

Higham Robert ldquoTimber castles A reassessmentrdquo Fortress 1 (1989) 50ndash60 Higham Robert amp Philip Barker Timber Castles (London Batsford 1992) Hindley Geoffrey Castles of Europe (Feltham Paul Hamelyn 1968) Hinz Hermann Motte und Donjon Zur Fruumlhgeschichte der mittelalterlichen Adelsburg

[Zeitschrift fuumlr Archaumlologie des Mittelalters Beiheft 1] (Koumlln Rheinland-Verlag 1981)

Hogg Ian V Fortress A History of Military Defence (New York St Martinrsquos 1977) Hogg Ian V The History of Fortification (New York St Martinrsquos 1981) Hughes

Quentin Military Architecture (London Hugh Evelyn 1974 2d ed LiphookBeaufort 1991)

Janssen Walter ldquoThe International background of castle-building in central Europerdquo Danish Medieval History New Currents Niels Skyum-Nielsen amp Niels Lund eds (Koslashbenhavn Museum Tusculanum 1981) 179ndash206

Jaumlschke Kurt-Ulrich Burgenbau und Landesverteidigung um 900 Uumlberlegungen zu Beispielen aus Deutschland Frankreich und England [Vortraumlge und Forschungen Sonderband 16] (Sigmaringen Jan Thorbecke 1975)

Kemp Anthony Castles in Color (New York Arco 1978) Kenyon John R amp Michael Thompson ldquoThe origin of the word lsquokeeprsquordquo Medieval

Archaeology 38 (1994) 175ndash176 Kiess Walter Die Burgen in ihrer Funktion als Wohnbauten Studien zum Wohnbau in

Deutschland Frankreich England und Italien vom 11 bis 15 Jahrhundert (Muumlnchen Mikrokopie 1961)

Liacutebal Dobroslav Castles and Fortifications of Britain and Europe Tr (Slavos Kadecka) (London Hamlyn 1992)

Medieval welfare 94

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Liber Castellorum 40 Variaties op het Thema Kasteel TJHoekstra HL Janssen amp IWLMoerman eds (Zutphen De Walburg Pers 1981)

La Maison forte an moyen acircge [Actes de la table ronde de Nancy Pont-agrave-Mousson 31 mai-3 juin 1984] Michel Bur ed (Paris CNRS 1986)

The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality Kathryn Reyerson amp Faye Powe eds [Medieval Studies at Minnesota I] (Dubuque Iowa Kendall-Hunt 1984)

Medieval Moated Sites in North-West Europe FAAberg amp AEBrown eds [Conference Papers Leicester April 1978 British archaeological reports international series 121] (Oxford British Archaeological Reports 1981)

Meulemeester J de ldquoLes castra carolingiens comme eacuteleacutement de deacuteveloppement urbain Quelques suggestions archeacuteo-topographiquesrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 14 (1988) 95ndash119

Meyer Werner ldquoDie Burg als repraumlsentatives Statussymbol Ein Beitrag zum Verstaumlndnis des mittelalterlichen Burgenbauesrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr schweizerische Archaumlologie und Kunstgeschichte 33 (1976) 173ndash181

Pesez Jean-Marie ldquoMaison forte manoir bastide tour motte enceinte moatedsite Wasserburg ou les ensembles en archeacuteologierdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge Table ronde agrave Nancy Pont-agrave-Mousson 31 mai-31 juin 1984 (Paris CNRS 1986) 331ndash339

Ritter Raymond LrsquoArchitecture militaire du moyen acircge [Resurrection du passeacute] (Paris Fayard 1974)

Salamagne Alain ldquoAgrave propos de lrsquoadaptation de la fortification agrave lrsquoartillerie vers les anneacutees 1400 Quelques remarques sur les problegravemes de vocabulaire de typologie et demeacutethoderdquo Revue du Nord 75 (1993) 809ndash846

Sancha Sheila The Castle Story (New York Harper amp Row 1984) Schmidtchen Volker ldquoCastles cannon and casematesrdquo Fortress 6 (1990) 3ndash10 Schmidtchen Volker ldquoDas Kriegsbuch des Herzogs Philipp von Cleverdquo Festung

Garnison Bevoumllkerung Historische Aspekte der Festungsforschung [Schriftenreihe Festungsforschung Bd 2] (Wesel Deutsche Gesellschaft fuumlr Festungsforschung 1982) 9ndash30

Schoenfeld Edward J ldquoAnglo-Saxon burhs and continental Burgen Early medieval fortifications in constitutional perspectiverdquo Haskins Society Journal 6 (1994) 49ndash66

Settia Aldo A ldquoI castelli medievali un problema storiograficordquo Quaderni medioevali 5 (1978) 110ndash120

Spitzer Leo ldquoFrz donjon lsquobefestigter Turmrsquordquo Zeitschrift fuumlr franzoumlsische Sprache undLiteratur 53 (1930) 289ndash290

Taylor AJ ldquoCastle-building in thirteenth-century Wales and Savoyrdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 63 (1977) 265ndash292

Thompson Michael W The Medieval Hall The Basis of Secular Domestic Life 600ndash1600 AD (Aldershot Scolar Press 1995)

Thompson Michael W The Decline of the Castle (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1987)

Thompson Michael W The Rise of the Castle (Cambridge Cambridge UniversityPress 1991)

Toy Sidney Castles A Short History of Fortifications from 1600 BC to AD 1600(London Heinemann 1939 2d ed retitled Castles their Construction and HistoryNew York Dover 1985)

Fortifications 95

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Toy Sidney A History of Fortification from 3000 BC to AD 1700 (London Heinemann 1955 2d ed 1966)

Tuulse Armin Burgen des Abendlandes (Wien Anton Schroll 1958) Tr (RP Girdwood) Castles of the Western World (London Thames amp Hudson 1958)

Uslar Rafael von Studien zu fruumlhgeschichtlichen Befestigungen zwischen Nordsee undAlpen [Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbuumlcher Bd 11] (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1964)

Verbruggen JF ldquoNotes sur le sens des mots castrum castellum et quelques autres expressions qui deacutesignent des fortificationsrdquo Revue Belge de philologie et drsquohistoire28 (1950) 147ndash155

Vetters Hermann ldquoVon der spaumltantiken zur fruumlhmittelalterlichen Festungsbaukunstrdquo Settimane di Studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 929ndash960

Viollet-le-Duc Eugegravene-Emmanuel Essai sur lrsquohistoire de lrsquoarchitecture militaire au moyen acircge 1854 Tr (MMacdermott) An Essay on the Military Architecture of the Middle Ages (Oxford JHParker 1860 Rp Westport Conn Greenwood 1977)

LATE ROMAN EMPIRE

The Barracks of The Roman Army from the 1st to 3rd Centuries AD A Comparativestudy of the barracks from fortresses forts and fortlets with an analysis of buildingtypes and construction stabling and garrison 3 vols David P Davison ed (OxfordBritish Archeological Reports 1989)

Ciglenecki Slavko Houmlhenbefestigungen aus der Zeit vom 3 bis 6 Jahrhundert im Ostalpenraum (Ljubljana Slovenska Akademija 1987)

Clement Paul A ldquoAlaric and the fortifications of Greecerdquo Ancient Macedonia [2d international symposium Thessaloniki 19ndash24 August 1973] (Thessaloniki Institute for Balkan Studies 1977) 135ndash137

Johnson Anne Roman Forts of the 1st and 2nd Centuries AD in Britain and theGerman Provinces (New York St Martinrsquos 1983)

Johnson Stephen Late Roman Fortification (Totowa NJ Barnes amp Noble 1983) Johnson Stephen The Roman Forts of the Saxon Shore (New York St Martinrsquos 1976) Lawrence AW ldquoEarly medieval fortifications near Romerdquo Papers of the British School

in Rome 32 (1964) 89ndash122 Petrikovits Harald von ldquoFortifications in the north-western Roman empire from the third

to the fifth centuries ADrdquo Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971) 178ndash218 Welsby Derek A The Roman Military Defence of the British Provinces in its Later

Phases [BAR British Series 101] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1982)


Braun Hugh The English Castle 2d ed (London Batsford 1943) Brown RAllen Castles from the Air (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1989) Brown RAllen English Medieval Castles (London Batsford 1954 3d ed retitled

English Castles 1976)

Medieval welfare 96

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Brown RAllen ldquoAn historianrsquos approach to the origins of the castle in Englandrdquo Archaeological Journal 126 (1970) 131ndash148

Brown RAllen ldquoThe Norman conquest and the genesis of English castlesrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 3 (1969) 1ndash14

Brown RAllen ldquoA list of castles 1154ndash1216rdquo EHR 74 (1959) 249ndash280 Brown RAllen ldquoLo studio dei castelli medievali in Inghilterrardquo Castelli storia e

archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 29ndash37 Castles in Wales and the Marches Essays in Honour of DJCathcart King John R

Kenyon amp Richard Avent eds (Cardiff University of Wales Press 1987) Clark George T Medieval Military Architecture in England 2 vols (London Wyman

amp Sons 1874) Clark George T ldquoMilitary architecturerdquo Archaeological Journal 1 (1844) 93ndash107 Coulson Charles ldquoCultural realities and reappraisals in English castle-studyrdquo Journal of

Medieval History 22 (1996) 171ndash207 Cruden Stewart The Scottish Castle (Edinburgh Thomas Nelson 1960 Rev ed

1963) Davison Brian K ldquoThe origins of the castle in Englandrdquo Archaeological Journal 124

(1967) 202ndash211 DeBreffny Brian Castles of Ireland (London Thames amp Hudson 1977) Fenwick Hubert Scotlandrsquos Castles (London Hale 1976) Forde-Johnston James L Castles and Fortifications of Britain and Ireland (London

JMDent 1977) Fry Plantagenet Somerset British Medieval Castles (Newton Abbot David amp Charles

1974) Fry Plantagenet Somerset Castles of Britain and Ireland (Newton Abbot David amp

Charles 1996) Gascoigne Christina Castles of Britain (London Thames amp Hudson 1975) Grose Francis ldquoCastlesrdquo The Antiquities of England and Waleshellip2d ed 2 vols

(London CClarke 1783) vol 1 1ndash50 Harfield CG ldquoA hand-list of castles recorded in the Domesday Bookrdquo EHR 106

(1991) 371ndash392 The History of the Kingrsquos Works 2 vols+1 vol of plans HMColvin et al eds

(London HMSO 1963 Rp 1976) Hogg Alexander HA British Hill-Forts An Index [BAR series 62] (Oxford British

Archeological Reports 1979) Hogg Alexander HA Hill-Forts of Britain (London Hart-Davis 1975) Hogg Alexander HA amp DJCKing ldquoEarly castles in Wales and the Marches A

Preliminary listrdquo Archaeologia Cambrensis 112 (1963) 77ndash124 Hogg Alexander HA amp DJCKing ldquoMasonry castles in Wales and the Marches A

Listrdquo Archaeologia Cambrensis 116 (1967) 71ndash132 Humphries PH Castles of Edward the First in Wales (London HMSO 1983) Jaumlschke Kurt-Ulrich Nichtkoumlnigliche Residenzen im spaumltmittelalterlichen England

[Residenzenforschung Band 2] (Sigmaringen Jan Thorbecke 1990) Johnson Paul The National Trust Book of British Castles (London British Heritage

1984)

Fortifications 97

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Kenyon John R Castles Town Defenses and Artillery Fortifications in Britain ABibliography 3 vols [CBA Research reports 25 53 72] (London Council for BritishArchaeology 1978ndash1990)

Kenyon John R ldquoEarly gunports A Gazetteerrdquo Fort 4 (1977) Kenyon John R Medieval Fortifications [The Archaeology of Medieval Britain]

(Leicester Leicester University Press 1990) Kightly Charles Strongholds of the Realm Defences in Britain from Prehistory to the

Twentieth Century (London Thames amp Hudson 1979) King DJCathcart Castellarium Anglicanum An Index and Bibliography of the Castles

in England Wales and the Islands 2 vols (Millwood NY Kraus 1983) King DJCathcart The Castle in England and Wales An Interpretative History

(Portland Oregon Areopagitica 1988 Rp London Routledge 1991) King DJCathcart amp Leslie Alcock ldquoRingworks of England and Walesrdquo Chacircteau

Gaillard 3 (1969) 90ndash127 Leask Harold G ldquoCastles and their place in Irish historyrdquo Irish Sword 10 (1971ndash1972)

235ndash243 Le Patourel John ldquoLes sites fossoyeacutes et leurs problegravemes Lrsquoorganisation de la recherche

en Grand-Bretagnerdquo Revue du Nord 58 (1976) 571ndash592 MacKenzie WMacKay The Medieval Castle in Scotland (London Methuen 1927 Rp

New York BBlom 1972) Medieval Secular Monuments The Early Castles from the Norman Conquest to 1217

[Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales Inventory of the ancient monuments in Glamorgan vol 3 pt la] (London HMSO 1991)

Oman Charles WC Castles (London The Great Western Railway 1926) OrsquoNeil BH St John Castles An Introduction to the Castles of England and Wales

(London HMSO 1954 2d ed 1973) Painter Sidney ldquoEnglish castles in the early Middle Ages Their number location and

legal positionrdquo Speculum 10 (1935) 321ndash332 Pettifer Adrian English Castles A Guide by Counties (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) Platt Colin The Castle in Medieval England and Wales (New York Charles Scribnerrsquos

Sons 1982) Pounds NJG The Medieval Castle in England and Wales A Political and Social

History (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1990) Renn Derek F ldquoMottes A classificationrdquo Antiquity 33 (1959) 106ndash112 Salter Mike Castles and Stronghouses of Ireland (Wolverhampton Folly 1993) Salter Mike Discovering Scottish Castles A Gazetteer of 1026 Castles (Princes

Risborough Shire 1985) Saunders Andrew Fortress Britain Artillery Fortification in the British Isles and

Ireland (Liphook Hants Beaufort 1989) Simpson WDouglas Castles from the Air (London Country Life 1949) Stell Geoffrey ldquoThe Scottish medieval castle Form function and evolutionrdquo Essays on

the Nobility of Medieval Scotland KJStringer ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1985) 195ndash209

Stenton Frank M The Development of the Castle in England and Wales [Historical Association Leaflet No 22] (London Historical Association 1910 Rp 1933)

Medieval welfare 98

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Taylor AJ ldquoMilitary architecturerdquo Medieval England ALPoole ed (Oxford Oxford University Press 1958) vol 1 98ndash127

Taylor AJ Studies in Castles and Castle-Building (London Hambledon 1985) Thompson AHamilton Military Architecture in England during the Middle Ages

(London Oxford University Press 1912 Rp retitled Military Architecture in MedievalEngland Wakefield Yorks EP Publishing 1975)

Toy Sidney The Castles of Great Britain (London William Heinemann 1953)

Alcock Leslie Economy Society and Warfare among the Britons and Saxons c 400ndashc 800 AD (Cardiff University of Wales Press 1987)

Armitage Ella S The Early Norman Castles of the British Isles (London John Murray 1912)

Armitage Ella S ldquoThe early Norman castles of Englandrdquo EHR 19 (1904) 209ndash245 417ndash455

Armitage Ella S ldquoThe Norman origins of Irish mottesrdquo The Antiquary 42 (1906) 291ndash298

Armitage Ella S ldquoA reply to TDavies Prycersquos lsquothe alleged Norman origin of ldquocastlesrdquo in Englandrsquordquo EHR 20 (1905) 711ndash718

Barker Philip A ldquoHen Domen Montgomery Excavations 1960ndash1967rdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 3 (1966) 15ndash27

Barker Philip A amp Robert Higham Hen Domen Montgomery A Timber Castle on theEnglish-Welsh Border (London Royal Archeological Institute 1982)

Beeler John H ldquoCastles and strategy in Norman and early Angevin Englandrdquo Speculum31 (1956) 581ndash601

Blair CHHunter ldquoThe early castles of Northumberlandrdquo Archaeologia Aeliana 4th ser 22 (1944) 116ndash170

Bonde Sheila ldquoCastle and church-building at the time of the Norman conquestrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 79ndash96

Brown RAllen Dover Castle (London HMSO 1967) Brown RAllen ldquoLe manoir fortifieacute dans le royaume drsquoAngleterrerdquo La Maison forte au

moyen acircge (Paris 1986) 13ndash14 Brown RAllen ldquoRoyal castle-building in England 1154ndash1216rdquo EHR 70 (1955) 353ndash

398 Brown RAllen The Tower of London (London HMSO 1984) Coad Jonathan Book of Dover Castle and the Defences of Dover [English Heritage]

(London Batsford 1995) Colvin HM ldquoCastles and government in Tudor Englandrdquo EHR 83 (1968) 225ndash234 Coulson Charles ldquoSome analysis of the castle of Bodiam east Sussexrdquo Medieval

Knighthood Vol 4 [Papers from the fifth Strawberry Hill conference] ChristopherHarper-Bill amp Ruth Harvey eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1992) 51ndash107

Counihan Joan ldquoMrs Ella Armitage John Horace Round GTClark and early Normancastlesrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 8 (1986) 73ndash87

Crouch David ldquoCastles and hallsrdquo The Image of Aristocracy in Britain 1000ndash1300(London Routledge 1992) 252ndash280

Cunningham George ldquoThe historical and archaeological evidence of the early Anglo-

Fortifications 99

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Norman fortifications in the south-west midlandsrdquo The Anglo-Norman Advance into the South-West Midlands of Ireland 1185ndash1221 (Roscrea Parkmore 1987) 83ndash168

Curnow Peter ldquoSome observations on the planning and construction of the west curtain at the Tower of Londonrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohoneurdu doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 65ndash74

Curnow Peter ldquoThe tower house at Hopton castle and its affinitiesrdquo Studies in MedievalHistory presented to RAllen Brown Christopher Harper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 81ndash102

Curwen John F The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland Westmorland andLancashire North-of-the-Sands together with a brief historical account of borderwarfare [Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society extra series 13] (Kendal Titus Wilson 1913)

Davison Brian K ldquoCastle Neroche an abandoned Norman fortress in south Somersetrdquo Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological Society 116 (1971ndash1972) 16ndash58

Davison Brian K ldquoEarly earthwork castles A new modelrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 3 (1969) 37ndash47

Dean Mary A ldquoEarly fortified houses Defenses and castle-imagery between 1275 and 1350 with evidence from the southeast Midlandsrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance andReality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 147ndash174

The Defence of Wessex The Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon Fortifications David Hill amp Alexander RRumble eds (Manchester Manchester University Press 1996)

Dixon Philip amp Pamela Marshall ldquoThe great tower in the twelfth century The case ofNorham castlerdquo Archaeological Journal 150 (1993) 410ndash432

Drury PJ ldquoAspects of the origins and development of Colchester castlerdquo Archaeological Journal 139 (1982) 302ndash419

Eales Richard ldquoCastles and politics in England 1215ndash1224rdquo Thirteenth-Century England vol 2 (Woodbridge Boydell 1988) 23ndash43

Eales Richard ldquoRoyal power and castles in Norman Englandrdquo The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood vol 3 [Papers from the fourth Strawberry Hill conference1988] Christopher Harper-Bill amp Ruth Harvey eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1990) 49ndash78

Edwards JGoronwy ldquoEdward Irsquos castle-building in Walesrdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 32 (1946) 15ndash81

Emery Anthony ldquoThe development of Raglan castle and keeps in late medievalEnglandrdquo Archaeological Journal 132 (1975) 151ndash186

Faulkner PA ldquoCastle-planning in the fourteenth centuryrdquo Archaeological Journal 120 (1963) 215ndash235

ldquoFive castle excavations Reports on the Institutesrsquo research project into the origins of the castle in Englandrdquo ADSaunders KJBarton EWHolden PABarker BKDavisonPVAddyman amp JPriestly Archaeological Journal 134 (1977) 1ndash156

Fox Aileen ldquoHill-slope forts and related earthworks in south-west England and south Walesrdquo Archaeological Journal 109 (1952) 1ndash22

Freeman AZ ldquoA Moat defensive The coast defense scheme of 1295rdquo Speculum 42 (1967) 442ndash462

Graham Brian ldquoTwelfth- and thirteenth-century earthwork castles in Ireland An

Medieval welfare 100

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

assessmentrdquo Fortress 9 (1991) 24ndash34 Higham Robert ldquoPublic and private defence in the medieval south-west Town castle

and fortrdquo Security and Defence in South-West England Before 1800 Robert Higham ed [Exeter Studies in History no 19] (Exeter University Press 1987) 27ndash49

Hill JWF ldquoLincoln castlerdquo Archaeological Journal 103 (1946) 157ndash159 Hope-Taylor Brian ldquoNorman castlesrdquo Scientific American 198 (1958) 42ndash48 Hughes Quentin ldquoMedieval firepowerrdquo Fortress 8 (1991) 31ndash43 Humphries PH Castles of Edward the First in Wales (London HMSO 1983) Kenyon John R ldquoCoastal artillery fortification in England in the late fourteenth and

early fifteeth centuriesrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years WarAnne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 145ndash149

Kenyon John R ldquoEarly artillery fortification in England and Wales A preliminarysurvey and reappraisalrdquo Archaeological Journal 138 (1981) 205ndash240

King DJCathcart ldquoThe castles of Breconshirerdquo Brycheiniog 7 (1961) 71ndash94 King DJCathcart ldquoThe defence of Wales 1067ndash1283 The other side of the hillrdquo

Archaeologia Cambrensis 126 (1977) 1ndash16 King DJCathcart amp CJSpurgeon ldquoThe mottes in the Vale of Montgomeryrdquo

Archaeologia Cambrensis 114 (1965) 69ndash86 Leask Harold G ldquoIrish castles 1180 to 1310rdquo Archaeological Journal 93 (1936) 143ndash

199 Le Patourel John ldquoMoated sites of Yorkshire A Survey and its implicationsrdquo Chacircteau

Gaillard 5 (1972) 121ndash132 MacIvor Iain ldquoCraignethan castle Lanarkshire an experiment in artillery fortificationrdquo

Ancient Monuments and their Interpretation Essays Presented to AJTaylorMRApted et al eds (London Phillimore 1977) 239ndash261

MacIvor Iain Edinburgh Castle (London Batsford 1993) McNeill TE ldquoThe great towers of early Irish castlesrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 12

(1989) 99ndash117 McNeill Tom Castles [English heritage] (London Batsford 1992) McNeill Tom Castles in Ireland Feudal Power in a Gaelic World (London Routledge

1997) Morley Beric M ldquoAspects of fourteenth-century castle designrdquo Collectanea historica

Essays in Memory of Stuart Rigold ADetsicas ed (Maidstone Kent Archaeological Society 1981) 104ndash113

Morris AJ amp CFCHawkes ldquoThe fort of the Saxon shore at Burgh Castlerdquo Archaeological Journal 106 (1949) 66ndash69

Neaverson Ernest Medieval Castles in North Wales A Study of Sites Water Supply andBuilding Stones (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1947)

OrsquoNeil BH St John ldquoStefan von Haschenperg an engineer to King Henry VIII and his workrdquo Archaeologia 91 (1945) 137ndash155

Orpen Goddard H ldquoMotes and Norman castles in Irelandrdquo EHR 22 (1907) 228ndash254 440ndash467

Perks JClifford ldquoThe architectural history of Chepstow castle during the middle agesrdquo Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 67 (1946ndash1948) 307ndash346

Fortifications 101

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Plunkett GT ldquoThe development of the fortifications of Dover castlerdquo Journal of the British Archaeological Association 40 (1884) 152ndash157

Prestwich Michael ldquoEnglish castles in the reign of Edward IIrdquo Journal of MedievalHistory 8 (1982) 159ndash178

Pryce TDavies ldquoThe alleged Norman origin of lsquocastlesrsquo in Englandrdquo EHR 20 (1905) 703ndash711

Renn Derek F ldquoThe Anglo-Norman keep 1066ndash1138rdquo Journal of the British Archaeological Association 3d ser 23 (1960) 1ndash23

Renn Derek F ldquoThe first Norman castles in England 1051ndash1071rdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 1 (1962) 125ndash132

Renn Derek F Medieval Castles in Hertfordshire (Chichester and London Phillimore 1971)

Renn Derek F Norman Castles in Britain (London John Baker 1968 2d ed 1973) Round John Horace ldquoThe castles of the Conquestrdquo Archaeologia 58 (1902) 313ndash340 Round John Horace ldquoTower and castlerdquo Geoffrey de Mandeville (London Longman

1892) 328ndash346 Ruckley Nigel A ldquoWater supply of medieval castles in the United Kingdomrdquo Fortress

7 (1990) 14ndash26 Simpson WDouglas ldquoBastard feudalism and the later castlesrdquo Antiquaries Journal 26

(1946) 145ndash171 Simpson WDouglas ldquoHarlech castle and the Edwardian castle planrdquo Archaeologia

Cambrensis 95 (1940) 153ndash168 Spurgeon CJ ldquoGlamorganrsquos first castlesrdquo Fortress 8 (1991) 3ndash14 Spurgeon CJ ldquoThe castles of Glamorgan Some sites and theories of general interestrdquo

Chacircteau Gaillard 13 (1987) 203ndash226 Stell Geoffrey ldquoLate medieval defenses in Scotlandrdquo Scottish Weapons and

Fortifications David HCaldwell ed (Edinburgh JDonald 1981) 21ndash54 Talbot Eric J ldquoThe defences of earth and timber castlesrdquo Scottish Weapons and

Fortifications David HCaldwell ed (Edinburgh JDonald 1981) 1ndash9 Taylor AJ ldquoCastle-building in Wales in the later thirteenth century The prelude to

constructionrdquo Studies in Building History EMJope ed (London Odhams 1961)104ndash133

Taylor AJ ldquoThe kingrsquos works in Wales 1277ndash1330rdquo The History of the Kingrsquos WorksHMColvin ed vol 1 (London HMSO 1963) 293ndash408

Taylor AJ ldquoMaster James of St Georgerdquo EHR 65 (1950) 433ndash457 Taylor AJ The Welsh Castles of Edward I (London Hambledon 1986) The Tower of London Its Buildings and Institutions John Charlton ed (London HMSO

1978) Varley WJ ldquoThe hill-forts of the Welsh Marchesrdquo Archaeological Journal 105 (1948)

41ndash66 Williams Daniel ldquoFortified manor housesrdquo Leicestershire Archaeological and

Historical Society Transactions 50 (1974ndash1975) 1ndash16



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Albrecht Uwe Von der Burg zum Schloszlig Franzoumlsische Schloszligbaukunst im Spaumltmittelalter (Worms Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft 1986)

LrsquoAtlas des chacircteaux forts en France C-LSalch et al eds (Strasbourg EditionsPublitotal 1977)

Barbier Pierre La France feacuteodale vol 1 Chacircteaux-forts et eacuteglises fortifieacutees Introduction agrave lrsquoeacutetude de lrsquoarchitecture militaire meacutedieacutevale en France (St Brieuc Presses Bretonnes 1968)

Le Chacircteau en France Jean-Pierre Babelon ed [Caisse nationale des monumentshistoriques] (Paris Berger-Levrault 1986)

Chacircteaux et sites de la France meacutedieacutevale Anne Gaeumll amp Serge Chirol eds (Paris Hachette 1979)

Chacircteaux et socieacuteteacute castrale au moyen acircge Jean-Marc Pastreacute ed [Actes du colloque de Rambures 7ndash9 mars 1997] (Rouen Universiteacute de Rouen 1998)

Chacircteaux forts Roger Brunet ed (Paris Larousse 1977) Chacirctelain Andreacute Architecture militaire meacutedieacutevale Principes eacuteleacutementaires (Paris

Rempart 1970) Chacirctelain Andreacute Eacutevolution des chacircteaux-forts dans la France au moyen acircge (Paris

Publitotal 1981) Debord Andreacute ldquoChacircteau et pouvoirs de commandementrdquo Les Fortifications de terre en

Europe occidentale du Xe au XIIe siegravecles [Colloque de Caen 2ndash5 octobre 1980] Archeacuteologie Meacutedieacutevale 11 (1981) 72ndash122

Dictionnaire des chacircteaux en France Yvon Christ ed (Paris Berger-Levrault 1978ndash) Dictionnaire des chacircteaux et des fortifications du moyen acircge en France C-L Salch ed

(Strasbourg Editions Publitotal 1976) Enaud Franccedilois Les Chacircteaux forts en France (Paris Deux Mondes 1958 Rp Paris

HVeyrier 1974) Enlart Camille Manuel drsquoarcheacuteologie franccedilaise depuis les temps meacuterovingiens jusqursquoagrave

la renaisance (Paris APicard 1902ndash1904 2d ed 1919) Finoacute J-F Forteresses de la France meacutedieacutevale Construction attaque deacutefense (Paris A

amp JPicard 1970 3d ed 1977) Tr Castillos y armaduras de la Francia feudal(Coacuterdoba Ciudad Universitaria 1960)

Fournier Gabriel Le Chacircteau dans la France meacutedieacutevale Essai de sociologie monumentale (Paris Aubier Montaigne 1978)

Le Grand Livre des Chacircteaux de Belgique 2 vols LGenicot ed (Bruxelles Vokaer1975ndash1977)

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLrsquoacircge du chacircteau de Carcassonnerdquo Annales du Midi 78 (1966) 7ndash21 Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLes chacircteaux-forts en France du Xe au XIIe siegravecle agrave la lumiegravere de travaux

reacutecentsrdquo Journal des Savants (avril-juin 1965) 483ndash514 Hemelrijck Mvan De Vlaamse Krijgsbouwkunde (Tielt Lannoo 1950) Hoek C ldquoLa maison forte aux Pays-Basrdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS

1986) 113ndash136 Levron Jacques Le Chacircteau-fort et la vie au moyen acircge (Paris Fayard 1963) Martin Nicolas La France fortifieacutee Chacircteaux villes et places fortes (Paris Nathan

1990) Mercier-Sivadjian Eve Chacircteaux du moyen acircge en France (Paris Larousse 1985)

Fortifications 103

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Mesqui Jean Chacircteaux et enceintes de la France meacutedieacutevale De la deacutefense agrave la reacutesidence (Paris Picard 1991)

Miquel Pierre Les Chacircteaux de lrsquohistoire de France du XIe au XVIe siegravecle (Monaco Le Rocher 1991)

Rapp Francis Le Chacircteau-fort dans la vie meacutedieacutevale Le Chacircteau-fort et la poli-tique territoriale drsquoapregraves les documents reacuteunis (Strasbourg Chantiers drsquoeacutetudes meacutedieacutevales 1968)

Renaud JGN ldquoLe donjon dans les chacircteaux des Pays-Basrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 1 (1962) 101ndash124

Ritter Raymond Chacircteaux donjons et places fortes LrsquoArchitecture militaire franccedilaise(Paris Larousse 1953)

Rocolle Pierre PFM 2000 Ans de fortification franccedilaise 2 vols (Limoges Charles-Lavauzelle 1973)

Seydoux Philippe Forteresses meacutedieacutevales du nord de la France (Paris Editions de la Morande 1979)

Tealdi Jacques Chacircteaux et guerriers de la France au moyen acircge I Reconstitutions de lrsquoeacutepoque romantique agrave nos jours (Strasbourg Publitotal 1980)

Arbman Holger ldquoFortifications autour de Buchyrdquo Meddelanden fran Lunds Universitets

historiska Museum (1966ndash1968) 41ndash73 ldquoArchitecture militaire en Provence meacutedieacutevalerdquo Michel Fixot ed Provence historique

159 (1990) 3ndash118 Aubenas R ldquoLes Chacircteaux forts des Xe et XIe siegravecles Contribution agrave lrsquoeacutetude des

origines de la feacuteodaliteacuterdquo Revue historique de droit franccedilais et eacutetranger 4 ser 17 (1938) 548ndash586

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe Angevin strategy of castle-building in the reign of Fulk Nerra 987ndash1040rdquo AHR 88 (1983) 533ndash560

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe cost of castle-building The case of the tower at Langeais 992ndash994rdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 47ndash62

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoEarly medieval fortification in the lsquowestrsquo of France A revised technical vocabularyrdquo Technology and Culture 16 (1975) 531ndash569

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoFortifications and military tactics Fulk Nerrarsquos strongholds circa 1000rdquo Technology and Culture 20 (1979) 531ndash549

Barral i Altet Xavier ldquoMotte et maison forte en Bretagne au moyen acircge La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 43ndash51

Bayleacute Jeanne ldquoMise en deacutefense du chacircteau de Montaillou au deacutebut du XVe siegraveclerdquo BEC129 (1971) 113ndash119

Bazzana Andreacute amp Pierre Guichard ldquoLes sites castraux de la reacutegion Valencienne au moyen acircgerdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 39ndash52

Beacutecet Marie ldquoLes fortifications de Chablis au XVe siegraveclerdquo Annales de Bourgogne 21 (1949) 7ndash30

Blondel Louis ldquoLrsquoArchitecture militaire au temps de Pierre II de Savoie Les donjonscirculairesrdquo Genava 13 (1935) 271ndash321

Bonde Sheila Fortress-Churches of Languedoc Architecture Religion and Conflict in


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

the High Middle Ages (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1994) Borremans Reneacute ldquoLe chacircteau agrave motte dans la toponymie et dans la terminologie

meacutedieacutevale et moderne Une enquecircte entre Dendre et Dyle (Belgique)rdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard(Genegraveve Droz 1982) 27ndash28

Bouumlard Michel de Le Chacircteau de Caen (Caen Centre de recherches archeacuteologiques meacutedieacutevales 1979)

Bouumlard Michel de ldquoQuelques donneacutees franccedilaises et normandes concernant le problegraveme de lrsquoorigine des mottesrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 2 (1964) 19ndash26

Bruand Yves ldquoLrsquoameacutelioration de la deacutefense et les transformations des chacircteaux de Bourbonnais pendant la guerre de cent ansrdquo Acadeacutemie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Comptes rendus (1972) 518ndash540

Bruand Yves ldquoLe Chacircteau de Gisors Principales campagnes de constructionrdquo Bulletin Monumental 116 (1958) 243ndash265

Bruand Yves ldquoChronologie et traceacute de lrsquoenceinte lsquoWisigothiquersquo de la citeacute de Carcassonnerdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 29ndash38

Bruand Yves ldquoLa position strateacutegique des chacircteaux du Bourbonnais au moyen acircgerdquo Bulletin Monumental 110 (1952) 101ndash118

Bur Michel ldquoMottes multiples et groupes de mottes Un problegraveme de deacutefinitionrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 39ndash48

Le Chacircteau meacutedieacuteval et la guerre dans lrsquoEurope du nord-ouest Mutations et adaptations[Actes du colloque de Valenciennes 1ndash3 juin 1995] (VilleneuvedrsquoAscq Revue du Nord 1998)

Chacircteaux de terre de la motte agrave la maison forte Histoire et archeacuteologie meacutedieacutevales dans la region Rhocircne-Alpes [Catalogue drsquoexposition juin 1987-deacutecembre 1988] (Decines-Charpieu Mairie 1987)

Chacircteaux et guerriers de lrsquoAlsace meacutedieacutevale Pierre Schmitt et al eds (Strasbourg Publitotal 1975)


Chacirctelain Andreacute Chacircteaux forts et feacuteodaliteacute en Icircle de France du XIe au XIIIe siegravecle(Nonette Creacuteer 1983)

Chacirctelain Andreacute Donjons romans des pays drsquoouest Eacutetude comparative sur les donjons romans quadrangulaires de la France de lrsquoouest (Paris A amp J Picard 1973)

Chacirctelain Andreacute ldquoEssai de typologie des donjons romans quadrangulaires de la Francede lrsquoouestrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 6 (1972) 43ndash57

Chacirctelain Andreacute ldquoRecherche sur les chacircteaux de Philippe Augusterdquo Archeacuteologie meacutedieacutevale 21 (1991) 115ndash161

Cheyette Frederick ldquoThe castles of the Trencavels A preliminary aerial surveyrdquo Essays in honor of Joseph RStrayer WJordan BMcNab amp TRuiz eds (Princeton Princeton University Press 1976) 255ndash272

Collin Hubert ldquoEacutetat des chacircteaux du Comte de Bar en Lorraine en 1336rdquo La Guerre et

Fortifications 105

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 155ndash177 Collin Hubert ldquoLrsquoeacutetude des chacircteaux meacutedieacutevaux et lrsquoobservation aeacuterienne Quelques

exemples lorrainsrdquo Pays Lorrain (1976) 177ndash193 Colombier Pierre du Le Chacircteau en France (Paris AFayard 1960) Coulson Charles LH ldquoFortresses and social responsibility in late Carolingian Francerdquo

Zeitschrift fuumlr Archaumlologie des Mittelalters 4 (1976) 29ndash36 Coulson Charles LH ldquoFortress-policy in Capetian tradition and Angevin practice

Aspects of the conquest of Normandy by Philip IIrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 6 (1983) 13ndash38

Coulson Charles LH ldquoThe impact of Bouvines upon the fortress policy of PhilipAugustusrdquo Studies in Medieval History presented to RAllen Brown Christopher Harper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 71ndash80

Coulson Charles LH ldquoRendability and castellation in medieval Francerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 6 (1972) 59ndash67

Coutil Leacuteon Le Chacircteau Gaillard construit par Richard Coeur-de-Lion en 1197ndash1198 Notice historique et archeacuteologique 3d ed (Les Andelys Louis Caron 1906 5th ed 1928)

Crozet Reneacute ldquoRecherches sur les sites de chacircteaux et de lieux fortifieacutes en HautPoitou au moyen acircgerdquo Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Antiquaires de lrsquoOuest 4th ser 11 (1971) 187ndash217

Curnow PE ldquoSome developments in military architecture c 1200 Le Coudray-Salbartrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 2 (1979) 42ndash62

Debord Andreacute ldquoAacute partir de lrsquoAngoumois Reacuteflexion lexicographique sur la notion de la maison forterdquo La Maison forte an moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 307ndash315

Debord Andreacute ldquoCastrum et castellum chez Adeacutemar de Chabannesrdquo Archeacuteologie Meacutedieacutevale 9 (1979) 97ndash113

Debord Andreacute ldquoChacircteaux et socieacuteteacute dans le Rouergue meacutedieacuteval XendashXIIIe siegraveclerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 14 (1988) 7ndash27

Debord Andreacute ldquoMotte castrale et habitat chevaleresquerdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie etdrsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 83ndash90

Deleacuteage Andreacute ldquoLes forteresses de la Bourgogne franquerdquo Annales de Bourgogne 3 (1931) 162ndash168

Demotz Bernard ldquoLrsquoeacutetat et le chacircteau au moyen acircge Lrsquoexemple Savoyardrdquo Journal des Savants (janvier-juin 1987) 27ndash64

Demotz Bernard ldquoLes fortifications de pierre dans le Comteacute de Savoierdquo Histoire de Savoie (1981) 119ndash134

Deyres Marcel ldquoLes chacircteaux de Foulque Nerrardquo Bulletin Monumental 132 (1974) 7ndash28

Deyres Marcel ldquoLe donjon de Langeaisrdquo Bulletin Monumental 128 (1970) 179ndash193 Dictionnaire des Chacircteaux de lrsquoAlsace Meacutedieacutevale C-LSalch ed (Strasbourg Editions

Publitotal 1976) Drouyn Leacuteo La Guienne militaire Histoire et description des villes fortifieacutees

forteresses et chacircteaux construits dans le pays qui constitue actuellement le deacutepartement de la Gironde pendant la domination Anglaise 2 vols (Paris Didron


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1865 Rp Marseille Laffitte 1977) Dunan Marie-Elisabeth ldquoLes chacircteaux-forts du Comteacute de Luxembourg et les progregraves

dans leur deacutefense sous Jean lrsquoAveugle 1309ndash1346rdquo Publications de la section historique de lrsquoInstitut Grand-ducal de Luxembourg 70 (1950) 9ndash276

Erlande-Brandenburg Alain ldquoLrsquoarchitecture militaire au temps de Philippe Auguste Une nouvelle conception de la deacutefenserdquo La France de Philippe Auguste Robert-Henri Bautier ed [Actes du colloque international Paris 29 septembre-4 octobre 1980] (Paris CNRS 1982) 595ndash603

Erlande-Brandenburg Alain ldquoOrganisation du conseil drsquoarchitecture militaire et du corps des speacutecialistes sous Philippe Augusterdquo Artistes artisans et production artistique au moyen acircge 3 vols Xavier Barral i Altet ed [Colloque international CNRS Rennes2ndash6 mai 1983] (Paris Picard 1986ndash1990) vol 2 221ndash224

Fixot Michel Les fortifications de terre et la naissance de la feacuteodaliteacute dans le Cinglais(Caen Centre de recherches archeacuteologiques meacutedieacutevales 1968)

Fixot Michel ldquoLa motte et lrsquohabitat fortifieacute en Provence meacutedieacutevalerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 7 (1975) 67ndash93

Fournier Gabriel ldquoLe chacircteau de Puiset au deacutebut du XIIe siegravecle et sa place dans lrsquoeacutevolution de lrsquoarchitecture militairerdquo Bulletin Monumental 122 (1964) 355ndash374

Fournier Gabriel Chacircteaux villages et villes drsquoAuvergne au XVe siegravecle drsquoapregraveslrsquoarmorial de Guillaume Revel [Bibliothegraveque de la socieacuteteacute franccedilaise drsquoarcheologie 4] (Genegraveve Droz 1973)

Fournier Gabriel ldquoLe rocircle des chacircteaux dans lrsquoamenagement des campagnes franccedilaises (XIendashXIIIe siegravecle)rdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 53ndash60


Garaud Marcel ldquoLa construction des chacircteaux et les destineacutees de la vicaria et du vicarius carolingiens en Poitourdquo Revue historique de droit franccedilais et eacutetranger (1953) 54ndash78

Gardelles Jacques ldquoLrsquoarchitecture militaire anglaise et les chacircteaux de Gascogne XIIIendashXIVe siegraveclesrdquo Bulletin Monumental 125 (1967) 133ndash156

Gardelles Jacques ldquoLes chacircteaux de Gascogne jusqursquoagrave la guerre de Cent Ansrdquo LrsquoInformation drsquohistoire de lrsquoart 10 (1965) 139ndash151

Gardelles Jacques Les chacircteaux du moyen acircge dans la France du sud-ouest LaGascogne anglaise de 1216 agrave 1327 [Bibliothegraveque de la socieacuteteacute franccedilaise drsquoarcheacuteologie 3] (Genegraveve Droz 1972)

Gardner Stephen ldquoThe influence of castle-building on ecclesiastical architecture in the Paris region 1130ndash1150rdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 97ndash124

Gauthiez Bernard ldquoHypotheses sur la fortification de Rouen au onziegraveme siegravecle Le donjon la tour de Richard II et lrsquoenceinte de Guillaumerdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1991) 61ndash76

Grand Roger ldquoLrsquoarchitecture militaire en Bretagne jusqursquoagrave Vaubanrdquo Bulletin Monumental 109 (1951) 237ndash271 357ndash388 110 (1952) 7ndash49

Grodecki Louis Le Chacircteau de Pierrefonds (Paris Caisse nationale des monumentshistoriques 1957 2d ed 1979)

Fortifications 107

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Harmand Jacques ldquoHoudan et lrsquoeacutevolution des donjons au XIIe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin Monumental 127 (1969) 187ndash207 130 (1972) 191ndash212 347ndash348

Harmand Jacques Pierrefonds La forteresse drsquoOrleacuteans Les reacutealiteacutes (Le Puy-en-Velay Jeanne drsquoArc 1983)

Harmand Jacques ldquoLe plus ancien chacircteau de Pierrefonds et ses problegravemesrdquo Bulletin Monumental 117 (1959) 165ndash202 245ndash264

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLrsquoacircge des donjons drsquoEtampes et de Provinsrdquo Bulletin de la socieacuteteacute nationale des antiquaires de la France (1967) 289ndash309

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoLrsquoeacutevolution du donjon dans le nord-ouest de la France et en Angleterre au XIIe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin archeacuteologique du comiteacute des travaux historiques et scieacutentifiquesns 5 (1969) 141ndash194

Heacuteliot Pierre ldquoSur les reacutesidences princiegraveres bacircties en France du Xe au XIIe siegraveclerdquo LeMoyen Acircge 61 (1955) 27ndash61 291ndash317

Higounet Charles Esquisse drsquoune geacuteographie des chacircteaux des Pyreacuteneacutees franccedilaises au moyen acircge [Primer Congreso internacional de Pireneistas del Instituto de estudiospirenaicos San Sebastiaacuten septiembre 1950] (Zaragoza Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas 1950)

Hinz Hermann ldquoDer Donjon von Salivesrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 191ndash198

Janssen Hans L ldquoThe castles of the bishop of Utrecht and their function in the political and administrative development of the bishopricrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 8 (1977) 135ndash157

Jones Michael ldquoThe defence of medieval Brittany A survey of the establishment offortified towns castles and frontiers from the Gallo-Roman period to the end of the Middle Agesrdquo Archaeological Journal 138 (1981) 149ndash204

Lartigaut Jean ldquoLes lieux fortifieacutes dans la partie occidentale du Quercy au XVe siegraveclerdquo Annales du Midi 79 (1967) 5ndash18

Le Maho Jacques ldquoDe la curtis au chacircteau Lrsquoexemple du Pays de Cauxrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 8 (1977) 171ndash183

Lesueur F ldquoLe chacircteau de Langeaisrdquo Congregraves archeacuteologique de France 106 (1948) 378ndash400

Mareacutechal Jean-Franccedilois ldquoLes enceintes circulaires et les mottes eccleacutesiales meacutedieacutevalesrdquo Bulletin de la socieacuteteacute nationale des antiquaires de France 1991 264ndash276

Mesqui Jean ldquoLa fortification dans le Valois du XIe au XVe siegravecle et le rocircle de Louis drsquoOrleacuteansrdquo Bulletin Monumental 135 (1977) 109ndash149

Mesqui Jean ldquoMaisons maisons fortes ou chacircteau Les implantations nobles dans leComteacute de Valois et les franges occidentales du Comteacute de Champagne aux XIIIe etXIVe siegraveclesrdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 185ndash214

Michel Robert ldquoLes deacutefenseurs des chacircteaux et des villes fortes dans le Comtat-Venaissin au XIVe siegraveclerdquo BEC 76 (1915) 315ndash330

Miquel Jacques Lrsquoarchitecture militaire dans le Rouergue au moyen acircge etlrsquoorganisation de la deacutefense (Rodez Eds franccedilaise drsquoarts graphiques 1981)

Niel Fernand ldquoLa derniegravere forteresse cathare Queacuteribus sur la frontiegravere des marches drsquoEspagnerdquo Cahiers drsquoeacutetudes cathares ser 2 122 (1989) 4ndash35

Noyeacute Ghislaine ldquoLe fortifications de terre dans la seigneurie de Toucy du Xe au XIIIe


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

siegravecle Essai de typologierdquo Archeacuteologie meacutedieacutevale 6 (1976) 149ndash218 Pous Anny de ldquoLrsquoarchitecture militaire occitane (IXendashXIVe siegravecles)rdquo Bulletin

archeacuteologique 5 (1970) 41ndash139 Rapp Francis Le Chacircteau-fort dans la vie meacutedieacutevale Le Chacircteau-fort et la politique

territoriale [Recherches sur les chacircteaux-forts alsaciens 1] (Strasbourg Centredrsquoarcheacuteologie meacutedieacutevale 1968)

Renoux Annie ldquoChacircteaux normands du Xe siegravecle dans le De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum de Dudon de Saint-Quentinrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 327ndash346

Renoux Annie ldquoRecherches historiques et archeacuteologiques sur le chacircteau de Feacutecamp ancien palais des dues de Normandierdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 7 (1975) 183ndash200

Rey Raymond Les vieilles eacuteglises fortifieacutees du Midi de la France (Paris Laurens 1925)

Richard Jean ldquoLe chacircteau dans la structure feacuteodale de la France au XIIe siegraveclerdquo Problemes des 12 Jahrhunderts [Vortraumlge und Forschungen 12] (StuttgartThorbecke 1968) 169ndash176

Richard Jean ldquoChacircteaux chacirctelains et vassaux en Bourgogne aux XIe et XIIe siegraveclesrdquo Cahiers de civilisation meacutedieacutevale 3 (1960) 433ndash447

Roquebert Michel amp Christian Soula Citadelles du Vertige (Toulouse Imprimerie reacutegionale 1966)

Rouche Michel ldquoVinchy le plus ancien chacircteau agrave Motterdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie etdrsquohistorie meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 365ndash370

Saint Blanquat Odon de ldquoComment se sont creacuteeacutes les bastides du sud-ouest de la Francerdquo Annales 4 (1949) 278ndash289

Salch CL ldquoLa protection symbolique de la porte au moyen acircge dans les chacircteaux-forts alsaciensrdquo Hommage agrave Geneviegraveve Chevrier et Alain Geslan Joeumllle Burnouf ed (Strasbourg Centre drsquoarcheacuteologie meacutedieacutevale de Strasbourg 1975) 39ndash44

Taylor AJ ldquoThe castle of St Georges-drsquoEspeacuterancherdquo Antiquaries Journal 33 (1953) 33ndash47

Truttmann Philippe La Forteresse de Salses (Paris Caisse nationale des monumentshistoriques 1980)

Ubregts William Les Donjons La haute tour de Villeret Analyse archeacuteologique etsociologique drsquoune maison forte (Louvain Bibliothegraveque de lrsquoUniversiteacute 1973)

Vale Malcolm GA ldquoSeigneurial fortification and private war in later medievalGasconyrdquo Gentry and Lesser Nobility in Late Medieval Europe Michael EJones ed (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1986) 133ndash158

Vallery-Radot Jean ldquoLe donjon de Lillebonne (Seine-Maritime)rdquo Meacutelanges Reneacute Crozet vol 2 (Poitiers Socieacuteteacute drsquoeacutetudes meacutedieacutevales 1966) 1105ndash1113

Verhaeghe Frans ldquoLes sites fossoyeacutes du moyen acircge en basse et moyenne Belgigue Eacutetatde la questionrdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 55ndash86

Wheeler Mortimer amp Katherine MRichardson The Hill-Forts of Northern France(Oxford Society of Antiquaries 1957)

Wirth Jean Les Chacircteaux-forts alsaciens du XIIe au XIVe siegravecles (Strasbourg Centre drsquoarcheacuteologie medieacutevaleacute de Strasbourg 1975)

Fortifications 109

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Yver Jean ldquoLes chacircteaux forts en Normandie jusqursquoau milieu du XIIe siegravecle Contribution agrave lrsquoeacutetude du pouvoir ducalrdquo Bulletin de la socieacuteteacute des antiquaires de Normandie 53 (1957) 28ndash121


Brachmann Hans-Juumlrgen Der fruumlhmittelalterliche Befestigungsbau in MitteleuropaUntersuchungen zu seiner Entwicklung und Funktion im germanischdeutschen Bereich (Berlin Akademie Verlag 1993)

Burgen aus Holz und Stein Burgenkundliches Kolloquium in Basel 1977 [SchweizerBeitraumlge zur Kulturgeschichte und Archaumlologie des Mittelalters Band 5] (Olten Walter-Verlag 1979)

Die Burgen im deutschen Sprachraum Ihre rechts- und verfassungsgeschichtliche Bedeutung Hans Patze ed [Vortraumlge und Forschungen 19] 2 vols (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1976)

Burgenkarte der Schweiz und des angrenzenden Auslandes Blaumltter 1ndash4 (Bern Eidgenoumlssische Landestopographie 1974ndash1985)

Ebhardt Bodo Deutsche Burgen (Berlin Wasmuth 1989) Erb Hans ldquoBurgenliteratur und Burgenforschungrdquo Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuumlr

Geschichte 8 (1958) 488ndash530 Forschungen zu Burgen und Schloumlssern [Wartburg-Gesellschaft zur Erforschung von

Burgen und Schloumlssern] (Muumlnchen Deutscher Kunstverlag 1994) Grabherr Norbert Historisch-topographisches Handbuch der Wehranlagen und

Herrensitze Oberoumlsterreichs (Wien Oumlsterreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuumlr Ur- und Fruumlhgeschichte 1975)

Hotz Walter Kleine Kunstgeschichte der deutschen Burg (Darmstadt Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1966 5th ed 1991)

Lexikon der deutschen Burgen und Schloumlsser 4 vols Curt Tillman ed (StuttgartAHiersemann 1958ndash1961)

Meyer Werner Burgen von A bis Z Burgenlexikon der Regio (Basel Klingental 1981) Meyer Werner Deutsche Schloumlsser und Festungen (Frankfurt am Main WWeidlich

1969) Meyer Werner ldquoFruumlhe Adelsburgen zwischen Alpen und Rheinrdquo Das ritterliche Turnier

im Mittelalter Josef Fleckenstein ed (Goumlttingen Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht 1985) 571ndash587

Mildenberger Gerhard Germanische Burgen [Veroumlffentlichungen derAltertumskommission im Provinzialinstitut fuumlr westfaumllische Landes- und Volksforschung Bd 6] (Minister Aschendorff 1978)

Mrusek Hans-Joachim Gestalt und Entwicklung der feudalen Eigenbefestigung im Mittelalter [Abhandlungen der Saumlchsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu LeipzigPhil-hist Klasse Bd 60 Heft 3] (Berlin Akademie-Verlag 1973)

Neumann Hartwig Festungsbaukunst und Festungsbautechnik Deutsche Wehrbau-architektur vom XV bis XX Jahrhundert (Koblenz Bernard amp Graefe 1988 2d ed 1994)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Oumlsterreichisches Burgenlexikon 2d ed Georg Clam Martinic ed (Linz Landesverlag 1992)

Piper Otto Burgenkunde Bauwesen und Geschichte der Burgen zunaumlchst innerhalb des deutschen Sprachgebietes (Muumlnchen RPiper 1905 Rp 1967)

Schrader Erich Das Befestigungsrecht in Deutschland von den Anfaumlngen bis zum Beginn des 14 Jahrhunderts (Goumlttingen Kaestner 1909)

Schuumltte Ulrich Das Schloszlig als Wehranlage Befestigte Schloszligbauten der fruumlhen Neuzeitim alten Reich (Darmstadt Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1994)

Uhlhorn Friedrich ldquoDie territorialgeschichtliche Funktion der Burgrdquo Blaumltter fuumlrdeutsche Landesgeschichte 103 (1967) 9ndash31

Antonow Alexander Planung und Bau von Burgen im suumlddeutschen Raum (Frankfurt

am Main Alexander Antonow 1983) Baaken Gerhard Koumlnigtum Burgen und Koumlnigsfreie [Vortraumlge und Forschungen Bd

6] (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1981) Bitschnau Martin Burg und Adel in Tirol zwischen 1050 und 1300 Grundlagen zu ihrer

Erforschung [Oumlsterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Phil-hist Klasse Sitzungsberichte Bd 403] (Wien Verlag der Akademie 1983)

Blondel Louis Chacircteaux de lrsquoancien diocegravese de Genegraveve [Meacutemoires et documents 7] (Genegraveve Socieacutete drsquohistoire et drsquoarcheacuteologie 1956 Rp 1978)

Boumlhme Horst W Burgen der Salierzeit 2 vols [Roumlmisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Monographien Bd 25] (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1991)

Burgen und Schloumlsser in Mittelbaden Hugo Schneider ed (Offenburg HistorischerVerein fuumlr Mittelbaden 1984)

Erdmann Carl ldquoDie Burgenordnung Heinrichs Irdquo Deutsches Archiv fuumlr Geschichte des Mittelalters 6 (1943) 59ndash101

Heine Hans W ldquoErgebnisse und Probleme einer systematichen [sic] Aufnahme undBearbeitung mittelalterlicher Wehranlagen zwischen junger Donau und westlichen [sic] Bodenseerdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 8 (1976) 121ndash134

Hejna Antonin ldquoCuria curtis castrum castellum Ein Beitrag zur Frage derDifferenzierung der selbstaumlndigen Herrensitze im 10ndash13 Jahrhundertrdquo Siedlung Burgund Stadt Studien zu ihren Anfaumlngen [Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Vor-und Fruumlhgeschichte Bd 25] (Berlin Akademie-Verlag 1969) 210ndash218

Herrnbrodt Adolf Der Husterknupp Eine niederrheinische Burganlage des fruumlhen Mittelatters [Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbuumlcher Bd 6] (Koumlln and Graz Boumlhlau 1958)

Herrnbrodt Adolf ldquoStand der fruumlhmittelalterlichen Mottenforschung im Rheinlandrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 1 (1964) 77ndash100

Hotz Walter Pfalzen und Burgen der Stauferzeit Geschichte und Gestalt (Darmstadt Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1981)

Maurer Hans-Martin ldquoBurgenrdquo Die Zeit der Staufer [Katalog der Ausstellung Stuttgart 26 Maumlrz-5 Juni 1977] (Stuttgart Wuumlrttembergisches Landesmuseum 1977) 119ndash128

Meyer Werner Das Castel Grande in Bellinzona Bericht uumlber die Ausgrabungen undBauuntersuchungen von 1967 [Schweizer Beitraumlge zur Kulturgeschichte und Archaumlologie des Mittelalters Bd 3] (Olten Walter 1976)

Fortifications 111

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Meyer Werner ldquoRunde Haupttuumlrme auf Burgen in der Umgebung Baselsrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard(Genegraveve Droz 1982) 287ndash294

Podehl Wolfgang Burg und Heerschaft in der Mark Brandenburg (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1975)

Schneider Alois Die Burgen im Kreis Schwaumlbisch Hall Eine Bestandsaufnahme[Forschungen und Berichte der Archaumlologie des Mittelalters in Baden-Wuumlrttenberg Bd 18] (Stuttgart KTheiss 1995)

Die Steiermark Bruumlcke und Bollwerk [Katalog der Landesausstellung Schloszlig Herberstein bei Stubenberg 3 Mai bis 26 Oktober 1986 Veroumlffentlichungen des Steiermaumlrkischen Landesarchives Bd 16] Gerhard Pferschy amp Peter Krenn eds (Graz Universitaumlts-Buchdruckerei 1986)


SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Bordejeacute Federico Le Chacircteau espagnol du moyen acircge (Madrid Direccioacuten generale de relaciones culturales 1949)

Castelos medievais de Portugal [II Congresso do centro europeu para o estudo doscastelos Zuumlrich 1949] (Oporto Grafica 1949)

Castillos de Espantildea (Barcelona Salvat Editores 1979) Eslava Galaacuten Juan ldquoMateriales y teacutecnicas constructivas en la fortificacioacuten bajo

medievalrdquo Cuadernos de estudios medievales 12ndash13 (1984) 271ndash278 ldquoFortificacionesrdquo (23 articles) Arqueologiacutea medieval espantildeola [2deg congresso Madrid

19ndash24 enero 1987] (Madrid Forma 1987) vol 2 71ndash318 Mora-Figueroa Luis de ldquoArquitectura militar cristiana en la edad media espantildeola

Estado de la cuestioacutenrdquo Arqueologiacutea medieval espantildeola [2deg congresso Madrid 19ndash24 enero 1987] (Madrid Forma 1987) vol 1 49ndash58

Sarthou Carreres Carlos Castillos de Espantildea Su pasado y su presente 3d ed (Madrid Espasa-Calpe 1952 7th ed 1984)

Villena Leonardo ldquoEl Castillo espantildeolrdquo Gladius 4 (1965) 87ndash106 Weissmuumlller Alberto A Castles from the Heart of Spain (London Barrie amp Rockliff

1967)

Agulloacute y Cobo Mercedes ldquoEl castillo de Oreja y la defensa de la mesetardquo Anales delInstituto de estudios madrilentildeos 13 (1976) 47ndash60

Araguas Philippe ldquoLes Chacircteaux des marches de Catalogne et Ribagorce 950ndash1100rdquo Bulletin Monumental 137 (1979) 205ndash224

Arjona Castro Antonio ldquoCastillos de Coacuterdoba Carcabuey y Tintildeosardquo Boletiacuten de la RealAcademia de Coacuterdoba 56 (1985) 89ndash104

Avello Alvarez JLuiacutes Las torres sentildeoriales de la baja edad media asturiana (Leoacuten Universidad 1991)

Avila y Diaz-Ubierna Guillermo Castillos de la Provincia de Burgos (Burgos Excma


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Diputacioacuten provincial 1961) Bazzana Andreacute ldquoApproche drsquoune typologie des eacutedifices castraux de lrsquoancien Sharq al-

Andalusrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 10 (1980) 301ndash328 Bazzana Andreacute Patrice Cressier amp Pierre Guichard Les Chacircteaux ruraux drsquoAl-Andalus

Histoire et archeacuteologie des Huswn du sud-est de lrsquoEspagne [La Casa de Velaacutezquez seacuterie archeacuteologie 2] (Madrid Casa de Velaacutezquez 1988)

Bruand Yves ldquoDe lrsquoimportance historique et de la valeur militaire des ouvrages fortifieacutes en Vieille-Castille au XVe siegraveclerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 63 (1957) 59ndash86

Els Castells Catalans 5 vols (Barcelona Rafael Dalmau 1967ndash1976 2d ed 1990ndash) Castells guaites torres i fortaleses de la Catalunya medieval Manuel Riu ed

(Barcelona Universitat de Barcelona 1986ndash1987) Cooper Edward Castillos sentildeoriales de Castilla de los siglos XV y XVI 2 vols Tr (Juan

MMadrazo) (Madrid Fundacioacuten universitaria espantildeola 1980) Corpus de castillos medievales de Castilla Juan Espinosa de los Monteros amp Luis

Martiacuten-Atajo Saracho eds (Bilbao Clave 1974) Gordillo Courciegraveres Joseacute Luiacutes Castillos templarios arruinados en el sur de la corona de

Aragoacuten (Valencia Prometeo 1974) Grassotti Hilda ldquoSobre la retenencia de castillos en la Castilla medievalrdquo Bulletin de

lrsquoInstitut historique belge de Rome 44 (1974) 283ndash299 Ladero Quesada Miguel Angel Castilla y la conquista del reino de Granada

(Valladolid Sever-Cuestra 1967) Monreal y Tejada Luiacutes Els Castells medievales de Catalunya 3 vols (Barcelona Falco

1955ndash1965) Paz Julian Castillos y fortalezas del reino Noticia de su estado y de sus alcaides

durante los siglos XV y XVI 2d ed (Madrid Atlas 1978) Seacutenac Philippe ldquoLe Chacircteau dans AlrsquoAndalus Bilan et perspectives de la recherche

franccedilaiserdquo Meacutelanges de la Casa Velaacutezquez 29 (1993) 171ndash195 Torres Fontes Juan Xiquena castillo de la frontera 2d ed (Murcia Academia Alfonso

X 1979)

ITALY

Andrews David ldquoCastelli e incastellamento nellrsquoItalia centrale La problematica archeologicardquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 123ndash136

Caciagli Giuseppe Il Castello in Italia Saggio drsquointerpretazione storica dellrsquoarchitettura e dellrsquourbanistica castellana (Firenze Giorgi e Gambi 1979)

I Castelli Architettura e difesa del territorio tra medioevo e rinascimento Paolo Marconi et al eds [Monumenti drsquoItalia] (Novara Istituto geografico de Agostini 1978)

Coleman Edward ldquoIncastellamento on the Po plain Cremona and its territory in the tenth centuryrdquo Reading Medieval Studies 17 (1991) 77ndash102

Comba Rinaldo ldquoTours et maisons fortes dans les campagnes meacutedieacutevales italiennes Eacutetatpreacutesent des recherchesrdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 317ndash324

Croix Horst de la ldquoThe literature on fortification in renaissance Italyrdquo Technology and

Fortifications 113

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Culture 4 (1963) 30ndash50 Cusin Fabio ldquoPer la storia del castello medievalerdquo Rivista storica italiana 56 (1939)

491ndash542 Ebhardt Bodo Die Burgen Italiens Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen uumlber die

Entwicklung des mittelalterlichen Wehrbaues und die Bedeutung der Burgenreste fuumlrdie Kenntnis der Wohnbaukunst im Mittelalter 6 vols (Berlin Ernst Wasmuth 1909ndash1927)

Menant Franccedilois ldquoCastelli nel medioevordquo Studi storici 2 (1985) 437ndash442 Perogalli Carlo MPaola Ichino amp Silvana Bazzi Castelli italiani con un repertorio di

oltre 4000 architetture fortificate (Milano Editrice Bibliografica 1979) Ravegnani Giorgio Castelli e cittagrave fortificate nel VI secolo (Ravenna Girasole 1983) Schmiedt Giulio ldquoCittagrave e fortificazioni nei rilievi aerofotograficirdquo Storia drsquoItalia vol 5

pt 1 (Torino Giulio Einaudi 1973) 121ndash260 Schmiedt Giulio ldquoLe fortificazioni altomedievali in italia viste dallrsquoaereordquo Settimane di

studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 859ndash927 Settia Aldo A Chiese strade e fortezze nellrsquoItalia medievale (Roma Herder 1991) Tabarelli Gian Maria Castelli rocche e mura drsquoItalia (Busto Arsizio Bramante 1983) Wickham Chris ldquoCastelli e incastellamento nellrsquoItalia centrale La problematica storicardquo

Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 137ndash148

Architettura fortificata nelle Marche Mura torri rocche castelli Graziella de Florentiis ed (Milano Silvana 1985)

LrsquoArchitettura militare veneta del cinquecento Sergio Polano ed (Milano Electa1988)

Bascape Giacomo C amp Carlo Perogalli Castelli delta pianura Lombarda (Milano Electa 1967)

Bertolani del Rio Maria I Castelli Reggiani (Reggio Emilia 1959 2d ed 1965) Bologna Giulia Il Castello di Milano Da fortezza a centro di cultura (Milano Federico

Motta 1986) Borgatti Mariano Castel SantrsquoAngelo in Roma (Roma Libreria dello Stato 1931) Bosi Enrico I Castelli della Toscana Il Senese (Firenze Bonechi 1981) Bresc Henri ldquoTerre e castelli Le fortificazioni nella Sicilia araba e normannardquo Castelli

storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 73ndash87 Capacchi Guglielmo Castelli Parmigiani (Parma Silva 1984) I Castelli della Liguria 2 vols Carlo Perogalli et al eds (Genova Stringa 1972) I Castelli della Lombardia 4 vols Flavio Conti Vincenzo Hybsch amp Antonello

Vincenti eds (Novara Istituto geografico de Agostini 1990) Castelli rocche e torri di Romagna Fausto Mancini amp WVichi eds (Bologna Cassa

del Risparmi di Forligrave 1959) Castelli torri ed opere fortificate di Puglia Raffaele de Vita ed (Bari Adda 1974) Cavalieri Federico ldquoFortificazioni e difesa nel ducato sforzesco La Geradadda fra il

1469 e il 1484rdquo Archivio storico Lombardo ser 11 3 (1986) 9ndash26 Collodo Silvana ldquoRecinti rurali fortificati nellrsquoItalia nord-orientale (sec XIIndashXIV)rdquo

Archivio Veneto ser 5 149 (1980) 5ndash36 Corati Flavio Castelli del Piemonte 3 vols (Milano Goumlrlich 1975)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Day John ldquoCastelli cittagrave fortificate e organizzazione del territorio in Sardegna dalsecolo dodicesimo al quattordicesimordquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 115ndash121

Delogu Paolo ldquoProblemi di castelli nel Laziordquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 105ndash114

De Rossi Giovanni Maria Torri e castelli medievali della campagna romana (Roma DeLuca 1969)

Disegni di fortificazioni da Leonardo a Michelangelo Pietro CMarani ed [Firenze Casa Buonarroti 27 ottobre 1984ndash28 febbraio 1985] (Firenze Cantini 1984)

DrsquoOnofrio Cesare Castel SAngelo (Roma Cassa di Risparmio di Roma 1971) English Edward D ldquoUrban castles in medieval Siena The sources and images of

powerrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 175ndash198

Fasoli Gina ldquoCastelli e signorie ruralirdquo Agricoltura e mondo rurale in occidente nellrsquoalto medievo Settimane di studio 13 (Spoleto CISAM 1966) 531ndash567

Fois Foiso Castelli della Sardegna medioevale (Milano Amilcare Pizzi 1992) Francovich Riccardo I Castelli del contado fiorentino nei secoli XII e XIII (Firenze

Cooperativa libraria universitatis studii florentini 1976) Francovich Riccardo amp Roberto Parenti ldquoScarlino Un castello della costa toscana fra

storia e archeologiardquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 149ndash187

Fumagalli Vito Il Castello di Bardi Nascitagrave di un borgo militare [Centro di studi della Valle del Ceno quaderni 2] (Bardi Centro 1974)

Garlandini Alberto I Castelli della Lombardia (Milano Electa 1991) Hahn Hanno Hohenstaufenburgen in Suumlditalien (Ingelheim CHBoehringer Sohn

1961) Hale JR ldquoThe development of the bastion 1440ndash1534rdquo Europe in the Late Middle

Ages John Hale Roger Highfield amp Beryl Smalley eds (London Faber amp Faber 1965) 466ndash494

Hale JR ldquoThe end of Florentine liberty The fortezza da bassordquo Florentine Studies Politics and Society in Renaissance Florence Nicolai Rubinstein ed (London Faberamp Faber 1968) 501ndash532

Hale JR Renaissance Fortification Art or Engineering (London Thames amp Hudson 1977)

Hale JR ldquoTerra ferma fortifications in the cinquecentordquo Florence and Venice Comparisons and Relations vol 2 [Villa I Tatti 1976ndash1977] (Firenze La Nuova Italia 1980) 169ndash187

Hook Judith ldquoFortifications and the end of the Sienese staterdquo History 62 (1977) 372ndash387

Martin Jean-Marie ldquoModaliteacutes de lrsquoincastellamento et typologie castrale en Italie meridionale (XendashXIIe siegravecles)rdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 89ndash104

Maurici Ferdinando Castelli medievali in Sicilia dai bizantini ai normanni (PalermoSellerio 1992)

Menant Franccedilois ldquoFossata cavare portas erigere Le rocircle des fosseacutes dans les

Fortifications 115

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

fortifications meacutedieacutevales de la plaine Padanerdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 277ndash286 Aevum 56 (1982) 205ndash216

Morsoletto Antonio ldquoCastelli cittagrave murate torri e fortificazioni Scaligere del territoriovicentinordquo Gli Scaligeri Gian Maria Varanini ed (Verona Arnoldo Mondadori1988) 301ndash314

Noyeacute Ghislaine ldquoLe chacircteau de Scribla et les fortifications normandes du bassin du Cratirdquo Societagrave potere et populo nellrsquoetagrave de Ruggero II [Atti delle terze giornate normanno-sveve Bari 23ndash25 maggio 1977] (Roma Dedalo 1979)

Palvarini Maria Rosa amp Carlo Perogalli Castelli del Gonzaga (Milano Rusconi 1983) Peduto Paolo ldquoArchitettura militare del medioevo in Campania tipi e strutturerdquo [Atti

del colloquio internazionale di archeologia medievale Palermo-Erice 20ndash22 settembre 1974] (Palermo Istituto di storia medievale 1976) vol 1 306ndash310

Perogalli Carlo Castelli dellrsquoAbruzzo e del Molise (Milano Gyoumlrlich 1975) Pinto Giuliano ldquoLrsquoorganizzazione della difesa I Cantieri delle costruzioni militari nel

territorio Senese (secoli XIVndashXV)rdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 259ndash268

Pirillo Paolo ldquoLrsquoorganizzazione della difesa I Cantieri delle costruzioni militari nel territorio Fiorentino (secolo XIV)rdquo Castelli storia e archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 269ndash287

Plesner Johan F LrsquoEmigration de la campagne agrave la ville libre de Florence au XIIIe

siegravecle Tr (FGleizal) (Koslashbenhavn Gyldendal 1934) Rocche e castelli di Romagna Domenico Bernardi ed (Bologna Alfa 1970) Rocche fortilizi castelli in Emilia Romagna Marche Giuseppe Adani ed (Milano

Silvana 1988) Santoro Lucio ldquoTipologia ed evoluzione dellrsquoarchitettura militare in Campaniardquo

Archivio storico per le province napoletane 86 (1968ndash1969) 65ndash130 Santoro Rodolfo ldquoArchitettura castellana della feudalitagrave sicilia (XIVendashXV secolo)rdquo

Archivio storico siciliano 4th ser 7 (1981) 59ndash113 Santoro Rodolfo ldquoConsiderazioni generali sullrsquoevoluzione delle fortificazione siciliane

dallrsquoultima amministrazione imperiale bizantina al consolidamento del regno diSiciliardquo Archivio storico siciliano 4th ser 2 (1976) 27ndash52

Santoro Rodolfo ldquoFortificazioni bastionate in Sicilia (XVendashXVI secolo) Archivio storico siciliano 4th ser 4 (1978) 169ndash253

Santoro Bianchi Sara ldquoFortezze drsquoaltura e insediamenti fortificati nel settore alpino orientale al tempo di Milano capitalerdquo Felix temporis reparatio [Atti del convegno archeologico internazionale Milano 8ndash11 marzo 1990] (Milano ET 1992) 357ndash367

Lo Scavo archeologico di Montarrenti e i problemi dellrsquoincastellamento medievaleRiccardo Francovich amp Marco Milanese eds [Provincia di Siena consiglio nazionale delle ricerche] (Firenze AllrsquoInsegna del Giglio 1990)

Sensi Mario ldquoCastellari e castelli dirimpettai Lrsquoesempio di Talogna-Landolina tra Umbria e Marcherdquo Istituzioni e societagrave nellrsquoalto medioevo marchigiano [Atti del convegno 17ndash20 ottobre 1981 Deputazione di storia patria per le Marche] (AnconaPressa la Deputazione 1983) 715ndash778

Settia Aldo A Castelli e villaggi nellrsquoItalia Padana Popolamento potere et sicurezza


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

fra IX e XIII secolo (Napoli Liguori 1984) Settia Aldo A ldquoIl castello da villaggio fortificato a dimora signorilerdquo Castelli storia e

archeologia (Torino Turingraf 1984) 219ndash228 Settia Aldo A ldquoLe fortificazioni dei Goti in Italiardquo [Atti del XIII congresso

internazionale di studi sullrsquoalto medioevo Milano 2ndash6 novembre 1992] (Spoleto CISAM 1993) vol 1 101ndash132

Settia Aldo A ldquoMotte e castelli a motta nelle fonti scritti dellrsquoItalia settentrionale Dati e problemirdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 371ndash384

Settia Aldo A ldquoTra azienda agricola e fortezza case forti lsquomottersquo e lsquotombersquo nellrsquoItalia settentrionale Dati e problemirdquo Archeologia medievale 7 (1980) 31ndash54

La Sicurezza dellrsquoesistere Le Architetture fortificate al tempo di Lorenzo [Istituto italiano dei castelli] (Cortona Grafica LrsquoEtruria 1992)

Sthamer Eduard Die Verwaltung der Kastelle im Koumlnigreich Sizilien unter KaiserFriedrich II und Karl Ivon Anjou (Leipzig Hiersemann 1914 Rp Tuumlbingen Max Niemeyer 1997)

Studi su castel SantrsquoAngelo Liliana Pittarello ed [Museo nazionale di castelSantrsquoAngelo Archivum arcis 3] (Roma Argos 1991)

Tabarelli Gian Maria Castelli dellrsquoAlto Adige (Milano Goumlrlich 1974) Vaccari Pietro ldquoIl castrum come elemento di organizzazione territorialerdquo Rendiconti del

reale istituto Lombardo di scienze e lettere 57 (1923) 678ndash686 58 (1924) 453ndash462 Vincenti Antonello Castelli Viscontei e Sforzeschi (Milano Rusconi 1981) Volpe Gianni Rocche e fortificazioni del ducato di Urbino (1444ndash1502) LrsquoEsperienza

martiniana e lrsquoarchitettura militare di transizione (Urbino Comitato per le celebrazioni Federiciane 1982)

Wickham Chris Il Problema dellrsquoincastellamento nellrsquoItalia centrale LrsquoEsempio di San Vincenzo al Volturno (Firenze Edizioni allrsquoInsegna del Giglio 1985)

Willemsen Carl A I Castelli di Federico II nellrsquoItalia meridionale Tr (Elena Racconto) (Napoli Societagrave editrice napoletana 1979)

SCANDINAVIA

Andersen Hellmuth H Hans Jorgen Madsen amp Olfert Voss Danevirke IndashII 2 vols (Koslashbenhavn Jysk arkaeologisk Selskab 1976)

Eketorp Fortification and settlement on Oslashland Sweden 3 vols Kaj Borg Ulf Naumlsman amp Erik Wegraeus eds (Stockholm Almqvist amp Wicksell 1976)

Ericsson Ingolf ldquoWehrbauten des Mittelalters in Skandinavien und dem Gebiet suumldlich der Ostseerdquo The Study of Medieval Archaeology Hans Andersson amp Jes Wienberg eds (Stockholm Almqvist amp Wiksell 1993) 219ndash291

Fyrkat en Jysk Vikingeborg 2 vols Olaf Olsen amp Else Roesdahl eds [Nordiske Fortidsminder ser B Bd 3ndash4] (Koslashbenhavn Det Kgl nordiske Oldskriftselskab1977)

Janssen Walter ldquoThe international background of castle-building in central Europerdquo Danish Medieval History New Currents Niels Skyum-Nielsen amp Niels Lund eds

Fortifications 117

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

(Koslashbenhavn Museum Tusculanum 1981) 179ndash206 La Cour Vilhelm Danske borganlaeg til midten af det trettende arhundrede 2 vols

(Koslashbenhavn Nationalmuseet 1972) La Cour Vilhelm Naesholm With English summaries (Koslashbenhavn Nationalmuseet

1961) Olsen Rikke A ldquoCastle manor and society in the Danish Middle Agesrdquo Chacircteau

Gaillard 14 (1988) 341ndash350 Olsen Rikke A ldquoDanish medieval castles at warrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 9 (1978) 223ndash235 Roesdahl Else ldquoThe Danish geometrical Viking fortresses and their contextrdquo Anglo-

Norman Studies 9 (1986) 209ndash226 Stiesdal Hans ldquoDie aumlltesten daumlnischen Donjonsrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 8 (1977) 279ndash283 Stiesdal Hans ldquoTypes of public and private fortifications in Denmarkrdquo Danish Medieval

History New Currents Niels Skyum-Nielsen amp Niels Lund eds (Koslashbenhavn Museum Tusculanum 1981) 207ndash220

EASTERN EUROPE

Berkian Ara J Armenischer Wehrbau im Mittelalter (Mainz Selbstverlag 1976) Fuumlgedi Erik Castle and Society in Medieval Hungary 1000ndash1437 Tr (JM Beck)

[Studia historica 187] (Budapest Akadeacutemiai Kiadoacute 1986) Fuumlgedi Erik ldquoMedieval Hungarian castles in existence at the start of the Ottoman

advancerdquo War and Society in East Central Europe (New York Columbia University Press 1979) 59ndash62

Hensel Witold ldquoPolnische Burgen und ihr Befestigungssystem im fruumlhen Mittelalter Ubergang vom 67 bis zur Mitte des 13 Jahrhundertsrdquo ArbeitsundForschungsberichte zur saumlchsischen Bodendenkmalpflege 11ndash12 (1963) 549ndash580

Hensel Witold ldquoTypes de fortifications slaves du haut moyen acircgerdquo Archaeologia Polona 2 (1959) 71ndash84

Rappoport Pavel ldquoRussian medieval military architecturerdquo Gladius 8 (1969) 39ndash62 Stefanovicova Tatiana ldquoDie Erforschung der mittelalterlichen Burgen aus dem 11ndash13

Jahrhundert in der Slowakeirdquo The Study of Medieval Archaeology Hans Andersson amp Jes Wienberg eds (Stockholm Almqvist amp Wiksell 1993) 301ndash315


Ahrweiler Heacutelegravene ldquoLes forteresses construites en Asie Mineure face agrave lrsquoinvasion Seldjouciderdquo [Akten des XI internationalen Byzantinistenkongresses Muumlnchen 1958] (Muumlnchen CHBeck 1960) 182ndash189

Benvenisti Meron The Crusaders in the Holy Land Part 4 ldquoFortificationsrdquo (New York Macmillan 1972) 271ndash339

Boase TSR Castles and Churches of the Crusading Kingdom (London Oxford University Press 1967)

Boase TSR ldquoMilitary architecture in the crusader states in Palestine and Syriardquo A


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

History of the Crusades KMSetton ed vol 4 (Madison University of WisconsinPress 1977) 140ndash164

Creswell KAC ldquoFortification in Islam before AD 1250rdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 38 (1952) 89ndash125+16 pages of plates

Deschamps Paul Les Chacircteaux des croiseacutes en Terre-Sainte 2 vols (Paris Paul Geuthner 1934ndash1939)

Deschamps Paul Les Chacircteaux des croiseacutes Eacutetude historique geacuteographique toponymique et monumentale 2 vols [Institut franccedilais drsquoarcheacuteologie de Beyrouth Bibliothegraveque archeacuteologique et historique 90] (Paris Paul Geuthner 1973)

Edwards Robert W The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia (Washington DC Dumbarton Oaks 1987)

Eydoux Henri Paul Les Chacircteaux du soleil Forteresses et guerres des croiseacutes (ParisLibrairie Perrin 1982)

Fedden Robin Crusader Castles A Brief Study in the Military Architecture of theCrusades (London Art amp Technics 1950)

Foss Clive Cities Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor (London AshgateVariorum 1996)

Foss Clive ldquoThe defenses of Asia Minor against the Turksrdquo Greek Orthodox Theological Review 27 (1982) 145ndash205

Foss Clive amp David Winfield Byzantine Fortifications An Introduction (Pretoria University of South Africa Press 1986)

Gardiner Robert ldquoCrusader Turkey The fortifications of Edessardquo Fortress 2 (1989) 23ndash35

Gregory Timothy E ldquoKastro and diateichisma as responses to early Byzantine frontier collapserdquo Byzantion 62 (1992) 235ndash253

Hazard Harry W The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1977)

Kennedy Hugh Crusader Castles (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1994) Lawrence AW Greek Aims in Fortification (Oxford Oxford University Press 1979) Lawrence AW ldquoA skeletal history of Byzantine fortificationrdquo Annual of the British

School of Athens 78 (1983) 171ndash227 Lawrence TE Crusader Castles (London Golden Cockeral 1936 Rev ed (by Denys

Pringle) Oxford Clarendon 1988) Muumlller-Wiener Wolfgang Castles of the Crusaders (New York McGraw-Hill 1966) Pringle Denys ldquoCrusader castles The first generationrdquo Fortress 1 (1989) 14ndash25 Rosser John ldquoThe role of fortifications in the defense of Asia Minor against the Arabs

from the eighth to the tenth centuryrdquo Greek Orthodox Theological Review 27 (1982) 135ndash143

Smail RC ldquoCrusadersrsquo castles of the twelfth centuryrdquo Cambridge Historical Journal10 (1951) 133ndash149

Andrews Kevin Castles of the Morea [Gennadeion monographs 4] (Princeton

Princeton University Press 1953) Deschamps Paul ldquoAu temps des croisades Le chacircteau de Saone dans la principauteacute

drsquoAntiocherdquo Gazette des Beaux-Arts 6th ser 4 (1930) 329ndash364

Fortifications 119

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ded

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Uni

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Deschamps Paul La deacutefense du royaume de Jeacuterusalem Eacutetude historique geacuteographique et monumentaleacute 2 vols [Bibliothegraveque archeacuteologique et historique 34] (Paris PaulGeuthner 1939)

Deschamps Paul ldquoLes entreacutees des chacircteaux des croiseacutes en Syrie et leurs deacutefensesrdquo Syria13 (1932) 369ndash387

Dunbar JG amp WWMBoal ldquoThe castle of Azgitrdquo The Cilician Kingdom of ArmeniaTSRBoase ed (Edinburgh Scottish Academic Press 1978) 84ndash91

Foss Clive ldquoLate Byzantine fortifications in Lydiardquo Jahrbuch der oumlsterreichischen Byzantinistik 28 (1979) 297ndash320

Foss Clive Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia I Kuumltahya [British Archaeological Reports International series 261] (Oxford BAR 1985)

Goodchild Richard G ldquoFortificazioni e palazzi bizantini in Tripolitania eCirenaicardquo [XIIe corso di cultura sull arte ravennate e bizantina] (Ravenna EdizioniDante 1966) 225ndash250

Harrison Peter ldquoCastles and fortresses of the Peloponnese from Justinian until Greek independencerdquo Fortress 17 (1993) 3ndash20

Hellenkemper Hansgerd Burgen der Kreuzritterzeit in der Grafschaft Edessa und imKoumlnigreich Kleinarmenien Studien zur historischen Siedlungsgeographie Suumldost-Kleinasiens [Geographica historica Bd 1] (Bonn Rudolf Habelt 1976)

Hughes Quentin Fortress Architecture and Military History in Malta (London Lund Humphries 1969)

Huygens RBC De Constructione castri Saphet Construction et fonctions drsquoun chacircteau fort franc en terre sainte (Amsterdam North-Holland 1981)

Johns CN Pilgrimsrsquo Castle (lsquoAtlit) Davidrsquos Tower (Jerusalem) and Qualrsquoat ar-Rabad(lsquoAjlun) Three Middle Eastern Castles from the Time of the Crusades Denys Pringle ed (Aldershot Variorum 1997)

King DJCathcart ldquoThe defences of the citadel of Damascus A great Mohammedanfortress of the time of the crusadesrdquo Archaeologia 94 (1951) 57ndash96

Lawrence AW ldquoThe castle of Baghrasrdquo The Cilician Kingdom of ArmeniaTSRBoase ed (Edinburgh Scottish Academic Press 1978) 34ndash83

McLeod W ldquoCastles in the Morea in 1467rdquo Byzantinische Zeitschrift 65 (1972) 353ndash363

Megaw AHS ldquoThe arts in Cyprus Military architecturerdquo A History of the CrusadesKSetton ed (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1969ndash) vol 4 196ndash207


Pringle Denys The Red Tower (al-Burj al-Ahmar) Settlement in the Plain of Sharon atthe Time of the Crusades and Mamluks AD 1099ndash1516 (London British School ofArchaeology in Jerusalem 1986)

Pringle Denys ldquoSurvey of castles in the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem 1989Preliminary reportrdquo Levant 23 (1991) 87ndash91

Riley-Smith Jonathan ldquoThe Templars and the castle of Tortosa in Syria An unknown document concerning the acquisition of the fortressrdquo EHR 84 (1969) 278ndash288

Saadeacute Gabriel ldquoHistoire du chacircteau de Saladinrdquo Studi medievali 3d ser 9 (1968)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

980 1016+5 pages of plates

Fortifications 121

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 10 Rural Urban and Coastal Defenses

LrsquoAtlas des villes et villages fortifieacutes en France (moyen acircge) CLSalch et al eds (Strasbourg Editions Publitotal 1978)

Alban JR ldquoEnglish coastal defence Some fourteenth-century modifications within the

systemrdquo Patronage the Crown and the Provinces in Late Medieval EnglandRAGriffiths ed (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1981) 57ndash78

Barbetta Guido Le mura e le fortificazioni di Verona (Verona Edizioni di Vita Veronese 1970 Rp 1978)

Barley MW ldquoTown defenses in England and Wales after 1066rdquo The Plans andTopography of Medieval Towns in England and Wales [CBA report no 14] (London Council for British Archeology 1976) 57ndash71

Beacutecet Marie ldquoComment on fortifiait une petite ville pendant la guerre de Cent Ans Les fortifications de Chablis au XVe siegraveclerdquo Annales de Bourgogne 21 (1949) 7ndash30

Die Befestigung der mittelalterlichen Stadt Gabriele Isenberg amp Barbara Scholkmanneds (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1997)

Beitraumlge zur Geschichte der fruumlhneuzeitlichen Garnisons- und Festungsstadt Hans-Walter Herrmann amp Franz Irsigler eds [Referate und Ergebnisse der Diskussion eines Kolloquiums in Saarlouis vom 24ndash27 Juni 1980] (Saarbruumlcken Minerva Verlag 1983)

Bellart G amp FMaison Les fortifications drsquoArras du XIIe au XIXe siegravecle (Arras Museacutee drsquoArras 1979)

Berman Constance H ldquoFortified monastic granges in the Rouerguerdquo The MedievalCastle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 125ndash146

Bornecque Robert ldquoLes fortifications de la bastille de Grenoble XVendashXIXe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin Monumental 138 (1980)41ndash76

Cassanelli Luciana Gabriella Delfini amp Daniela Fonti Le Mura di Roma LrsquoArchitettura militare nella storia urbana (Roma Bulzoni 1974)

Cattin Paul ldquoLe compte de la construction de la bastide de Gironville pregraves drdquoAmbeacuterieu-en-Bugey 1323ndash1325rdquo Cahiers Reneacute de Lucinge 22 (1979) 1ndash18

Chevalier Bernard ldquoLrsquoOrganisation militaire agrave Tours au XVe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin philologique et historique 1959 (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1960) 449ndash459

Clement Paul A ldquoAlaric and the fortifications of Greecerdquo Ancient Macedonia 2 (1977) 135ndash137

Clement Paul A ldquoThe date of the Hexamilionrdquo Studies in Memory of Basil Laourdas(Thessaloniki Gregoris 1975) 158ndash164

Contamine Philippe ldquoLes chaicircnes dans les bonnes villes de France (speacutecialement Paris) XIVendashXVIe siegraveclerdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 293ndash314 Contamine Philippe ldquoLes fortifications urbaines en France agrave la fin du moyen acircge

Aspects financiers et eacuteconomiquesrdquo RH 260 (1978) 23ndash47 Coulson Charles ldquoBattlements and the bourgeoisie Municipal states and the apparatus

of urban defense in later medieval Englandrdquo Medieval Knighthood 5 [Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill conference 1994] (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 119ndash195

Coupland Simon ldquoThe fortified bridges of Charles the Baldrdquo Journal of MedievalHistory 17 (1991) 1ndash12

Covini Nadia ldquoLrsquourbanistica e la fortificazione della cittagrave in epoca sforzescardquo Parma e lrsquoumanesimo italiano Paola MMasotti ed [Atti del convegno internazionale di studi umanistici Parma 20 ottobre 1984] (Padova Antenore 1986) 39ndash54

Debal Jacques ldquoLes fortifications et le pont drsquoOrleacuteans au temps de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Les Dossiers de lrsquoarcheacuteologie 34 (1979) 77ndash92

Debal Jacques ldquoLa topographic de lrsquoenceinte fortifieacutee drsquoOrleacuteans au temps de Jeanne drsquoArcrdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 23ndash41

De la Croix Horst Military Considerations in City Planning Fortifications (New York George Braziller 1972)

Devos Jean-Claude ldquoLrsquoorganisation de la deacutefense de lrsquoArtois en 1297rdquo Bulletin philologique et historique 1955ndash1956 (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1957) 47ndash55

Donnelly JA ldquoA study of the coastal forts built by Henry VIIIrdquo Fort 10 (1982) 105ndash126

Eltis David ldquoTowns and defense in later medieval Germanyrdquo Nottingham MedievalStudies 33 (1989) 91ndash103

English Barbara ldquoTowns mottes and ring-works of the Conquestrdquo The MedievalMilitary Revolution (London Tauris 1995) 45ndash61

Ericsson Ingolf ldquoStadtbefestigungen im mittelalterlichen Daumlnemarkrdquo Archaumlologie des Mittelalters und Bauforshung im Hanseraum Guumlnter Fehring Festschrift Manfred Glaumlser ed (Rostock Konrad Reich 1993) 143ndash148

Forti Leone Carlo Le Fortificazioni di Genova (Genova Stringa 1971) Fournier Gabriel ldquoLes campagnes de Pepin le Bref en Auvergne et la question des

fortifications rurales au VIIIe siegraveclerdquo Francia 2 (1974) 123ndash135 Freeman AZ ldquoWall-breakers and river-bridgers Military engineers in the Scottish wars

of Edward Irdquo Journal of British Studies 10 (1971)1ndash16 Frere Sheppard Sally Stow amp Paul Bennett Excavations on the Roman and Medieval

Defences of Canterbury [The Archaeology of Canterbury vol 2] (Maidstone Kent Archaeological Society 1982)

Gardelles Jacques ldquoLa fortification des bastides dans la Gascogne anglaise jusqursquoagrave la guerre de cent ansrdquo Bordeaux et les icircles britanniques du XIIIe au XXe siegravecle [Actes du colloque franco-britannique tenu agrave York du 25 au 28 septembre 1973] (BordeauxFeacutedeacuteration historique du Sud-Ouest 1975)

Gauthiez Bernard ldquoHypothegraveses sur la fortification de Rouen au onziegraveme siegravecle Le donjon la tour de Richard II et lrsquoenceinte de Guillaumerdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992) 61ndash76

Gillmor Carroll M ldquoThe logistics of fortified bridge-building on the Seine underCharles the Baldrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 11 (1988) 87ndash106

Rural urban and coastal defenses 123

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Girardot Alain ldquoLes forteresses paysannes dans le ducheacute de Bar aux XIVe et XVe

siegraveclesrdquo Annales de lrsquoEst 5th ser 1 (1986) 3ndash55 Gregory Timothy ldquoThe fortified cities of byzantine Greecerdquo Archaeology 35 (1982)

14ndash21 Haase Carl ldquoDie mittelalterliche Stadt als Festung Wehrpolitisch-militaumlrische

Einfluszligbedingungen im Werdegang der mittelalterlichen Stadtrdquo Die Stadt des Mittelalters Carl Haase ed vol 1 [Wege der Forschung] (DarmstadtWissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1969) 377ndash407

Harvey Alfred The Castles and Walled Towns of England (London Methuen 1911 2nd ed 1925)

Hayez Anne-Marie ldquoTravaux agrave lrsquoenceinte drsquoAvignon sous les pontificals drsquoUrbain V etde Greacutegoire XIrdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris CNRS 1978) 193ndash223

Heacuteliot Pierre amp Alphonse Leduque ldquoLes fortifications de Montreuil-sur-Mer au moyen acircgerdquo Revue du Nord 30 (1948) 157ndash183

Higounet Charles ldquoBastides et frontiegraveresrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 54 (1948) 113ndash131 Hughes Michael ldquoThe fourteenth-century French raids on Hampshire and the Isle of

Wightrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 121ndash143

Hummelberger Walter amp Kurt Peball Die Befestigungen Wiens [WienerGeschichtsbuumlcher Bd 14] (Wien Paul Zsolnay 1974)

King DJCathcart amp Mark Cheshire ldquoThe town walls of Pembrokerdquo Archaeologia Cambrensis 131 (1982) 77ndash84

Lanconelli Angela ldquoDal castrum alla civitas Il territorio di Viterbo tra VIII e XI secolordquo Societagrave e storia 56 (1992) 245ndash266

Lauret Alain Raymond Malebranche amp Gilles Seacuteraphin Bastides villes nouvelles du moyen acircge (Toulouse Milan 1988)

Law John E ldquoThe cittadella of Veronardquo War Culture and Society in RenaissanceVenice David SChambers et al eds (London Hambledon 1993) 9ndash27

Le Patourel John ldquoFortified and semi-fortified manor housesrdquo Chacircteau Gaillard 9 (1978) 187ndash198

Le Patourel John ldquoFortified and semi-fortified manor houses in eastern and northernEngland in the later Middle Agesrdquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 17ndash29

Loumlnnroth Erik ldquoSwedenrsquos coastal defence from the Vikings to period of lasting peacerdquo [Actes du 2e colloque international drsquohistoire militaire Stockholm 12ndash15 aoucirct1973] (Bruxelles 1975) 13ndash20

Mallet J ldquoLes enceintes meacutedieacutevales drsquoAngersrdquo Annales de Bretagne 72 (1965) 237ndash262

Mesqui Jean ldquoLes enceintes de Creacutepy-en-Brie et la fortification dans lrsquoouest du Comteacute de Champagne et de Brie au XIIIe siegraveclerdquo Paris et lrsquoIcircle-de-France [Meacutemoires de la Feacutederation des socieacuteteacutes historiques et archeacuteologiques de Paris et de lrsquoIcircle de France 20] (Paris Klincksieck 1981) 7ndash86

Mesqui Jean ldquoEnceintes urbaines et fortifications au moyen acircge Un exemple Provins IXendashXVe siegraveclerdquo Eacutecole pratique des hautes eacutetudes IVe section Positions de thegraveses(Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1982) 30ndash36


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Mesqui Jean Provins La fortification drsquoune ville au moyen acircge [Bibliothegraveque de la socieacuteteacute franccedilaise drsquoarcheacuteologie 11] (Genegraveve Droz 1979)

Michaud-Freacutejaville Franccediloise ldquoUne citeacute face aux crises Les remparts de la fideliteacute de Louis drsquoOrleacuteans agrave Charles VII drsquoapregraves les comptes de forteresse de la ville drsquoOrleacuteans (1391ndash1427)rdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 43ndash57

Michel Robert ldquoLa defense drsquoAvignon sous Urbain V et Greacutegoire XIrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistorie 30 (1910) 129ndash154

Mot GJ ldquoLrsquoarsenal et le parc de mateacuteriel agrave la citeacute de Carcassonne en 1298rdquo Annales du Midi 68 (1956) 409ndash418

Palliser DM ldquoTown defences in medieval England and Walesrdquo The Medieval Military Revolution (London Tauris 1955) 105ndash120

Porsche Monika Die mittelalterliche Stadtbefestigung von Freiburg im Breis-gau[Materialhefte zur Archaumlologie in Baden-Wurttemberg Heft 22] (Stuttgart Theiss 1994)

Poux Joseph La Citeacute de Carcassonne Histoire et description 3 vols in 5 (Toulouse Ed Privat 1922ndash1938)

Pringle Denys ldquoKing Richard I and the walls of Ascalonrdquo Palestine Exploration Quarterly 116 (1984) 133ndash147

Pringle Denys ldquoTown defences in the crusader kingdom of Jerusalemrdquo The MedievalCity under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 69ndash121

Radford CARalegh ldquoThe later pre-conquest boroughs and their defencesrdquo MedievalArchaeology 14 (1970) 83ndash103

Richard Jean ldquoQuelques ideacutees de Franccedilois de Surienne sur la deacutefense des villes agrave propos de la fortification de Dijon (1461)rdquo Annales de Bourgogne 16 (1944) 36ndash43

Rigaudiegravere Albert ldquoLe financement des fortifications urbaines en France du milieu duXIVe siegravecle agrave la fin du XVe siegraveclerdquo RH 273 (1985) 19ndash95

Rubinstein Nicolai ldquoFortified enclosures in Italian cities under signorirdquo War Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice David SChambers et al eds (London Hambledon 1993) 1ndash8

Saunders Andrew D Book of Channel Defences (London Batsford 1997) Saunders Andrew D ldquoThe coastal defences of the south-eastrdquo Archaeological Journal

126 (1970) 201ndash205 The Saxon Shore A Handbook Valerie AMaxfield ed [Exeter studies in history no

25] (Exeter University Press 1989) Seberich Franz Die Stadtbefestigung Wuumlrzburgs 2 vols (Wuumlrzburg Freunde

Mainfraumlnkischer Kunst und Geschichte 1962ndash1963) Settia Aldo A ldquoLa casa forte urbana nellrsquoItalia centro settentrionale Lo sviluppo di un

modellordquo La Maison forte au moyen acircge (Paris CNRS 1986) 325ndash330 Settia Aldo A ldquoLrsquoesportazione di un modello urbano Torri e case forti nelle campagne

del nord Italiardquo Societagrave e storia 12 (1981) 273ndash297 Stadt Burg Festung Stadtbefestigung von der Antike bis ins 19 Jahrhundert

[Internationale Tagung Glurns Juni 1994 Veroumlffentlichungen des InnbruckerStadtarchivs nF Bd 21] (Innsbruck Magistral 1994)

Trabut-Cussac Jean-Paul ldquoBastides ou forteresses Les bastides de lrsquoAquitaine anglaise


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

et les intentions de leurs fondateursrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 60 (1954) 81ndash135 Tsangadas Bryon CP The Fortifications and Defense of Constantinople [East

European Monographs 71] (New York Columbia University Press 1980) Turner Hilary L Town Defences in England and Wales An Architectural and

Documentary Study 900ndash1500 (London John Baker 1970) Tuttle Richard J ldquoAgainst fortifications The defense of renaissance Bolognardquo Journal

of the Society of Architectural Historians 41 (1982) 189ndash201 Van Millingen Alexander Byzantine Constantinople The Walls of the City and

adjoining Historical Sites (London John Murray 1899) Viollet-le-Duc Eugegravene Emmanuel La Citeacute de Carcassonne (Paris Moranceacute 1886) Williams Daniel ldquoFortified manor housesrdquo Transactions of the Leicestershire

Archaeological and Historical Society 50 (1974ndash1975) 1ndash16 Wuumlbbeke Brigitte M Das Militaumlrwesen der Stadt Koumlln im 15 Jahrhundert

[Vierteljahrsschrift fuumlr Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Beihefte no 91] (StuttgartFranz Steiner 1991)


Dow

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May

201

6

CHAPTER 11 Recruitment and Service

GENERAL WORKS

Bruumlhl Carlrichard Fodrum gistum servitium regis Studien zu den wirtschaftlichenGrundlagen des Koumlnigtums im Frankenreich und in den fraumlnkischen Nachfolgestaaten Deutschland Frankreich und Italien vom 6 bis zur Mitte des 14 Jahrhunderts (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1968)

Brunner Heinrich ldquoDer Reiterdiesnt und die Anfaumlnge des Lehnwesensrdquo Zeitschrift derSavigny-Stiftung fuumlr Rechtsgeschichte Germanistische Abteilung 8 (1887) 1ndash38

Le Combattant au moyen acircge (St Herblain Socieacuteteacute des historiens meacutedieacutevistes de lrsquoenseignement supeacuterieur public 1991 2d ed Paris Publications de la Sorbonne 1995)

Forey AJ ldquoRecruitment to the military orders (twelfth to mid-fourteenth centuries)rdquo Viator 17 (1986) 139ndash171

Keen Maurice ldquoBrotherhood in armsrdquo History 47 (1962) 1ndash17 Kiernan VG ldquoForeign mercenaries and absolute monarchyrdquo Past and Present 11

(1957) 66ndash86 Lyon Bryce D From Fief to Indenture The Transition from Feudal to Non-Feudal

Contract in Western Europe (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1957) Recrutement mentaliteacutes socieacuteteacutes Colloque international drsquohistoire militaire [Universiteacute

Paul-Valeacutery de Montpellier septembre 1974] (Montpellier Centre drsquohistoire militaire 1974)

Renn Ludwig Krieger Landsknecht und Soldat (Berlin Aufbau-Verlag 1979) Seward Desmond The Monks of War The Military Religious Orders (London Eyre

Methuen 1972) Showalter Dennis E ldquoCaste skill and training The evolution of cohesion in European

armies from the middle ages to the sixteenth centuryrdquo Journal of Military History 57 (1993) 407ndash430

EARLY MIDDLE AGES

Babut E-Ch ldquoRecherches sur la garde impeacuteriale et sur le corps drsquoofficiers de lrsquoarmeacutee romaine aux IVe et Ve siegraveclesrdquo RH 114 (1913) 225ndash260 115 (1914) 225ndash293

Daly Robert J ldquoMilitary service and early Christianity A Methodological approachrdquo Studio Patristica 181 (1985) 1ndash8

Dannenbauer Heinrich ldquoDie Freien im Karolingischen Heerrdquo Aus VerfassungsundLandesgeschichte Festschrift Theodor Mayer (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1954) vol 1

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

49ndash64 Davies Roy W Service in the Roman Army (Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press

1989) Duncan-Jones RD ldquoPay and numbers in Diocletianrsquos armyrdquo Chiron 8 (1978) 541ndash

560 Liebeschuetz JHWG Barbarians and Bishops Army Church and State in the Age of

Arcadius and Chrysostom (Oxford Clarendon 1990) Nelson Janet L ldquoThe churchrsquos military service in the ninth century A contemporary

comparative viewrdquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 15ndash30 Waas Manfred Germanen im roumlmischen Dienst (Bonn Habelt 1965)


Abels Richard P ldquoBookland and fyrd-service in late Saxon Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 7 (1985) 1ndash25

Abels Richard P Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England (Berkeley University of California Press 1988)

Apps Una ldquoThe muntatores Their relation to other military tenures in the twelfth and thirteenth centuriesrdquo EHR 63 (1948) 528ndash533

Ayton Andrew ldquoEnglish armies in the fourteenth centuryrdquo Arms Armies andFortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds(Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 21ndash38

Ayton Andrew Knights and Warhorses Military Service and the English Aristocracyunder Edward III (Woodbridge Boydell 1994)

Ayton Andrew ldquoKnights esquires and military service The evidence of the armorial cases before the court of chivalryrdquo The Medieval Military Revolution (London Tauris 1995) 81ndash104

Ballard Mark ldquoAn expedition of English archers to Liegravege in 1467 and the Anglo-Burgundian marriage alliancerdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 34 (1990) 152ndash174

Barrow Geoffrey ldquoThe army of Alexander IIIrsquos Scotlandrdquo Scotland in the Reign ofAlexander III1249ndash1286 Norman HReid ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1990) 132ndash147

Beeler John H ldquoThe Composition of Anglo-Norman Armiesrdquo Speculum 40 (1965) 398ndash414

Boardman Andrew W The Medieval Soldier in the Wars of the Roses (Stroud Alan Sutton 1998)

Brooks Nicholas P ldquoThe development of military obligations in eighth- and ninth-century Englandrdquo England before the Conquest PClemoes amp KHughes eds (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1971) 69ndash84

Brown Stephen DB ldquoMilitary service and monetary reward in the eleventh and twelfthcenturiesrdquo History 74 (1989) 20ndash38

Campbell Miles W ldquoAn inquiry into the troop strength of King Harald Hardradarsquos invasion fleet of 1066rdquo American Neptune 44 no 2 (1984) 96ndash102

Carr AD ldquoA Welsh knight in the Hundred Years War Sir Gregory Saisrdquo Transactions

Recruitment and service 128

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

of the Society of Cymmrodorion (1977) 40ndash53 Gathers Kerry ldquoHierarchy or anarchy An examination of the leadership structures

within the Anglo-Saxon militaryrdquo The Propagation of Power in the Medieval WestMartin Grosman et al eds (Groningen Egbert Forster 1996) 97ndash110

Chew Helen M The Ecclesiastical Tenants-in-Chief and Knight Service (London Oxford University Press 1932)

Chibnall Marjorie ldquoMercenaries and the familia regis under Henry Irdquo History 62 (1977) 15ndash23

Chibnall Marjorie ldquoMilitary service in Normandy before 1066rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies5 (1982) 65ndash77

Church SD ldquoThe earliest English muster roll 1819 December 1215rdquo Historicalresearch 67 (1994) 1ndash17

Church SD ldquoThe knights of the household of King John A question of numbersrdquo Thirteenth- Century England IV [Newcastle-upon-Tyne conference 1991] (Woodbridge Boydell 1992) 151ndash165

Critchley JS ldquoSummonses to military service early in the reign of Henry IIIrdquo EHR 86 (1971) 79ndash95

Curry Anne ldquoEnglish armies in the fifteenth centuryrdquo Arms Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War Anne Curry amp Michael Hughes eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 39ndash68

Curry Anne ldquoThe nationality of men-at-arms serving in English armies in Normandyand the pays de conquecircte 1415ndash1450 A preliminary surveyrdquo Reading MedievalStudies 18 (1992) 135ndash163

Dunham William Huse Lord Hastingsrsquo Indentured Retainers 1461ndash1483 The Lawfulness of Livery and Retaining under the Yorkists and Tudors [Transactions ofthe Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 39] (New Haven Yale University Press 1955)

Fleming Donald F ldquoLandholding by milites in Domesday Book A revisionrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 13 (1990) 83ndash98

Forbes-Leith William The Scots Men-at-Arms and Life Guards in France from theirFormation until their Final Dissolution 1418ndash1830 2 vols (Edinburgh WPaterson 1882)

Fowler Kenneth ldquoLrsquoemploi des mercenaires par les pouvoirs ibeacuteriques et lrsquointervention militaire anglaise en Espagne (vers 1361-vers 1379)rdquo Realidad e imagenes del poder Espantildea a fines de la edad media Adeline Rucquoi ed (Madrid Ambito 1988) 23ndash55

Fowler Kenneth The Kingrsquos Lieutenant Henry of Grosmont First Duke of Lancaster 1310ndash1361 (London Elek 1969)

Fowler Kenneth ldquoThe wages of war The mercenaries of the great companiesrdquo Viajeros peregrinos mercaderes en el occidente medieval [Actas de la 18deg semana de estudios medievales Estella 1991] (Pamplona Gobierno de Navarra 1992) 217ndash244

Frame Robin F ldquoMilitary service in the lordship of Ireland 1290ndash1360 Institutions and society on the Anglo-Gaelic frontierrdquo Medieval Frontier Societies Robert Bartlett amp Angus MacKay eds (Oxford Clarendon 1989) 101ndash126

Fryde Natalie M ldquoWelsh troops in the Scottish campaign of 1322rdquo Bulletin of the


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Board of Celtic Studies 26 (1974) 82ndash89 Gillingham John ldquoThe introduction of knight service into Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman

Studies 4 (1981) 53ndash64 Goodman Anthony E ldquoThe military subcontracts of Sir Hugh Hastings 1380rdquo EHR 95

(1980) 114ndash120 Goodman Anthony E ldquoResponses to requests in Yorkshire for military service under

Henry Vrdquo Northern History 17 (1981) 240ndash252 Harvey Sally ldquoThe knight and the knightrsquos fee in Englandrdquo Past and Present 49 (1970)

3ndash43 Hollister CWarren ldquoThe annual term of military service in medieval Englandrdquo

Mediaevalia et Humanistica 13 (1960) 40ndash47 Hollister CWarren ldquoThe five-hide unit and the Old English military obligationrdquo

Speculum 36 (1961)61ndash74 Hollister CWarren ldquoThe knights of Peterborough and the Anglo-Norman fyrdrdquo EHR 77

(1962)417ndash436 Hollister CWarren ldquoMilitary obligation in late Saxon and Norman Englandrdquo Settimane

di studio 1 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) 169ndash186 Hooker James R ldquoNotes on the organization and supply of the Tudor military under

Henry VIIrdquo Huntington Library Quarterly 23 (1959ndash1960) 19ndash31 Hooper Nicholas ldquoThe housecarls in England in the eleventh centuryrdquo Anglo-Norman

Studies 7 (1985) 161ndash176 Keats-Rohan KSB ldquoWilliam I and the Breton contingent in the non-Norman conquest

1060ndash1087rdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 13 (1990) 157ndash172 Keen Maurice Nobles Knights and Men-at-Arms in the Middle Ages (London

Hambledon 1996) Keeney Barnaby C ldquoMilitary service and the development of nationalism in England

1272ndash1327rdquo Speculum 22 (1947) 534ndash549 Lapsley Gaillard Thomas ldquoSome castle officers in the twelfth centuryrdquo EHR 33 (1918)

348ndash359 Lewis NB ldquoAn early fourteenth-century contract for military servicerdquo BIHR 20 (1944)

111ndash118 Lewis NB ldquoAn early indenture of military service 27 July 1287rdquo BIHR 13 (1935) 85ndash

89 Lewis NB ldquoThe feudal summons of 1385rdquo EHR 100 (1985) 729ndash743 Lewis NB ldquoThe last medieval summons of the English feudal levy 13 June 1385rdquo

EHR 73 (1958) 1ndash26 Lewis NB ldquoThe organisation of indentured retinues in fourteenth-century Englandrdquo

TRHS 4th ser 27 (1945) 29ndash39 Lewis NB ldquoThe recruitment and organization of a contract army May to November

1337rdquo BIHR 37 (1964) 1ndash19 Lewis NB ldquoThe summons of the English feudal levy 5 April 1327rdquo Essays in

Medieval History presented to Bertie Wilkinson TASandquist amp MR Powicke eds (Toronto Toronto University Press 1969) 236ndash249

Lund Niels ldquoThe armies of Swein Forkbeard and Cnutrdquo Anglo-Saxon England 15 (1986)105ndash118


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Lydon James ldquoThe Scottish soldier in medieval Ireland The Bruce invasion and the Galloglassrdquo The Scottish Soldier Abroad 1247ndash1967 Grant GSimpson ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1992) 1ndash15

Lyon Bryce D ldquoThe feudal antecedent of the indenture systemrdquo Speculum 29 (1954) 503ndash511

McFarlane KB ldquoAn indenture of agreement between two English knights for mutualaid and counsel in peace and war 5 December 1298rdquo BIHR 38 (1965) 200ndash210

McFarlane KB The Nobility of Later Medieval England (Oxford Oxford University Press 1973)

McNab Bruce ldquoObligations of the church in English society Military arrays of theclergy 1369ndash1418rdquo Order and Innovation in the Middle Ages Essays in honor ofJoseph RStrayer WJordan BMcNab amp TRuiz eds (Princeton Princeton UniversityPress 1976) 293ndash314

Millar Gilbert J Tudor Mercenaries and Auxiliaries 1485ndash1547 (Charlottesville University Press of Virginia 1980)

Morris JE ldquoCumberland and Westmorland military levies in the time of Edward I andEdward IIrdquo Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland AntiquarianandArcheological Society ns 3 (1903) 307ndash327

Newhall Richard A Muster and Review A Problem of English Military Administration 1420ndash1440 (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940)

Noyes Arthur Herbert The Military Obligation in Mediaeval England with especialreference to Commissions of Array (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1930)

Painter Sidney ldquoCastle-Guardrdquo AHR 40 (1935) 450ndash459 Palmer JN ldquoThe last summons of the feudal army in England (1385)rdquo EHR 83 (1968)

771ndash775 Powicke Michael ldquoDistraint of knighthood and military obligation under Henry IIIrdquo

Speculum 25 (1950) 457ndash470 Powicke Michael ldquoLancastrian captainsrdquo Essays in Medieval History Presented to

Bertie Wilkinson (Toronto University of Toronto Press 1969) 371ndash382 Powicke Michael Military Obligation in Medieval England A Study in Liberty and

Duty (Oxford Clarendon 1962) Prestwich JO ldquoThe military household of the Norman kingsrdquo EHR 96 (1981) 1ndash35 Prestwich Michael ldquoEnglish armies in the early stages of the Hundred Years War A

Scheme in 1341rdquo BIHR 56 (1983) 102ndash113 Prestwich Michael ldquoMiles in armis strenuus The knights at warrdquo TRHS 6th ser 5

(1995) 201ndash220 Prestwich Michael ldquoMoney and mercenaries in English medieval armiesrdquo England and

Germany in the High Middle Ages Alfred Haverkamp amp Hanna Vollrath eds(Oxford Oxford University Press 1996) 129ndash150

Prince AE ldquoThe indenture system under Edward IIIrdquo James Tait Historical EssaysJGEdwards VHGalbraith amp EFJacob eds (Manchester Manchester University Press 1933) 283ndash297

Prince AE ldquoThe strength of English armies in the reign of Edward IIIrdquo EHR 46 (1931) 353ndash371

ldquoPrivate indentures for life service in peace and war 1278ndash1476rdquo Michael Jones amp


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Simon Walker eds Camden Miscellany 32 (1994) 1ndash190 Ramsay JH ldquoThe strength of English armies in the Middle Ages Estimates of

chroniclers and modern writersrdquo EHR 29 (1914) 221ndash227 Redstone VB ldquoSome mercenaries of Henry of Lancaster 1327ndash1330rdquo TRHS 3d ser 7

(1913) 151ndash166 Round John Horace ldquoCastle watchmenrdquo EHR 35 (1920) 400ndash401 Round John Horace ldquoThe Introduction of knight-service into Englandrdquo Feudal England

(London Swan Sonnenschein 1895 Rp London George Allen and Unwin 1964) 225ndash316

Sanders IJ Feudal Military Service in England A Study of the Constitutional andMilitary Powers of the Barons in Medieval England (Oxford Oxford University Press 1956)

Schlight John Monarchs and Mercenaries A Reappraisal of the Importance of KnightService in Norman and Early Angevin England (Bridgeport Conn University ofBridgeport 1968)

Sherborne JW ldquoIndentured retinues and the English expeditions to France 1368ndash1380rdquo EHR 79 (1964) 718ndash746

Sherborne James ldquoJohn of Gaunt Edward IIIrsquos retinue and the French campaign of1369rdquo Kings and Nobles in the later Middle Ages A Tribute to Charles Ross Ralph AGriffiths amp James Sherborne eds (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1986) 41ndash61

Simms Katharine ldquoThe kingrsquos armyrdquo From Kings to Warlords The Changing PoliticalStructure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages (Woodbridge Boydell 1987) 116ndash128

Suppe Frederick C ldquoCastle-guard and the castlery of Clunrdquo Haskins Society Journal 1 (1989) 123ndash134

Suppe Frederick C ldquoThe garrisoning of Oswestry A baronial castle on the Welsh Marchesrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 63ndash78

Tait James ldquoKnight service in Cheshirerdquo EHR 57 (1942) 437ndash459 Talbot Hugh The English Achilles An Account of the Life and Campaigns of John

Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1383ndash1453) (London Chatto amp Windus 1981) Taylor Pamela ldquoThe endowment and military obligations of the see of London A

reassessment of three sourcesrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992) 287ndash312 Vincent Nicholas ldquoA roll of knights summoned to campaign in 1213rdquo Historical

Research 66 (1993) 89ndash97 Weir Michael ldquoThe use of paid cavalry by Edward Irdquo Studies in Medieval Culture 10

(1977) 105ndash110


Boussard Jacques ldquoLrsquoenquecircte de 1172 sur les services de chevalier en Normandierdquo Recueil de travaux offerts agrave Clovis Brunel (Paris Socieacuteteacute de lrsquoEacutecole des chartes 1955) vol 1 193ndash108

Boussard Jacques ldquoLes mercenaires au XIIe siegravecle Henri II Plantagenecirct et les origines


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

de lrsquoarmeacutee de meacutetierrdquo BEC 106 (1945ndash1946) 189ndash224 Boussard Jacques ldquoServices feacuteodaux milices et mercenaires dans les armeacutees en France

aux Xe et XIe siegraveclesrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 131ndash168

Brown RAllen ldquoThe status of the Norman knightrdquo War and Government in the Middle Ages Essays in Honour of JOPrestwich John Gillingham amp JC Holt eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1984) 18ndash32 Rp in Castles Conquest and Charters Collected papers by RAllen Brown (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 290ndash304

Brusten Charles ldquoLa fin des campagnies drsquoordonnance de Charles le Teacutemeacuterairerdquo Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy (1477) (Nancy University Press 1978) 363ndash373

Carolus-Barreacute Louis ldquoLe service militaire en Beauvaisis au temps de Philippe deBeaumanoir Lrsquoestaige agrave Gerberoy et agrave Beauvais 1271ndash1277 Lrsquoost de Navarre 1276rdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 73ndash93

Carr Anthony D ldquoWelshmen and the Hundred Yearsrsquo Warrdquo Welsh History Review 4 (1968) 21ndash46

Cauchies Jean-Marie ldquoLa deacutesertion dans les armeacutees bourguignonnes de 1465 agrave 1476rsquo Revue Belge drsquohistoire militaire 22 (1977) 132ndash145

Champion Pierre Guillaume de Flavy Capitaine de Compiegravegne Contribution agrave lrsquohistoire de Jeanne drsquoArc et agrave lrsquoeacutetude de la vie militaire et priveacutee au XVe siegravecle (Paris HChampion 1906 Rp Genegraveve Slatkine 1975)

Chauvelays Mde la Les Armeacutees de Charles le Teacutemeacuteraire dans les deux Bourgognes(Paris JDumaine 1879)

Chevalier Bernard ldquoLes Eacutecossais dans les armeacutees de Charles VII jusqursquoagrave la bataille de Verneuilrdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une eacutepoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 85ndash94

Chevalier Bernard ldquoLrsquoorganisation militaire agrave Tours au XVe siegraveclerdquo Bulletin philologique et historique 1959 (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1960) 445ndash459

Contamine Philippe ldquoBatailles banniegraveres compagnies Aspects de lrsquoorganisation militaire franccedilaise pendant la premiegravere partie de la guerre de cent ansrdquo [Actes du colloque international de Cocherel 16 16ndash18 mai 1964] Les Cahiers Vernonnais 4 (1964) 19ndash32

Contamine Philippe ldquoPoints de vue sur la chevalerie en France agrave la fin du moyen acircge Francia 4 (1976) 255ndash285

Contamine Philippe ldquoReneacute II et les mercenaires de langue germanique La guerre contre Robert de la Marck seigneur de Sedan 1496rdquo Cinq-centiegraveme anniversaire de la bataille de Nancy 1477 (Nancy University Press 1979) 377ndash394

Contamine Philippe ldquoScottish soldiers in France in the second half of the fifteenthcentury Mercenaries immigrants or Frenchmen in the makingrdquo The Scottish SoldierAbroad 1247ndash1967 Grant GSimpson ed (Edinburgh John Donald 1992) 16ndash30

Contamine Philippe ldquoThe soldiery in late medieval urban societyrdquo French History 8 (1994) 1ndash13

Curry Anne ldquoLrsquoeffet de la libeacuteration de la ville drsquoOrleacuteans sur lrsquoagravermeacutee anglaise Les problemes de lrsquoorganisation militaire en Normandie de 1429 agrave 1435rdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une epoque un rayonnement (Paris CNRS 1982) 95ndash106

Curry Anne ldquoThe first English standing army Military organization in Lancastrian


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Normandy 1420ndash1450rdquo Patronage Pedigree and Power in Later Medieval EnglandCharles Ross ed (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1979) 193ndash214

Curry Anne ldquoLe service feacuteodal en Normandie pendant lrsquooccupation anglaise (1417ndash1450)rdquo La ldquoFrance Anglaiserdquo au moyen acircge [Actes du IIIe congregraves national des socieacutetes savantes Poitiers 1986] (Paris Comiteacute des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1986) 233ndash257

Ditcham Brian GH ldquoMutton-guzzlers and wine bags Foreign soldiers and native reactions in fifteenth-century Francerdquo Power Culture and Religion in France c 1350ndashc 1550 Christopher Allmand ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 1ndash13

Fleury DA ldquoLa chevaucheacutee du duc de Lancastre en Normandie centrale en 1356rdquo Cahiers Leacuteopold Delisle (1978) 113ndash127

Flori Jean Chevaliers et chevalerie au moyen acircge (Paris Hachette 1998) Gaier Claude Art et organisation militaires dans la principauteacute de Liegravege et dans le

Comteacute de Looz au moyen acircge [Acadeacutemie royale belgique classe des lettres meacutemoires 2e seacuterie 59 (Bruxelles Palais des Acadeacutemies 1968)

Gandilhon Reneacute ldquoLe personnel de lrsquoartillerie royale en 1491 drsquoapregraves un compte ineacuteditrdquo Annales du Midi 54 (1942) 102ndash107

Geacuteraud H ldquoLes routiers au douziegraveme siegraveclerdquo ldquoLes routiers au treiziegraveme siegraveclerdquo BEC 3 (1841ndash1842) 125ndash147 417ndash443

Grundmann Herbert ldquoRotten und Brabanzonen Soumlldner-Heere im 12 Jahrhundertrdquo Deutsches Archiv fuumlr Geschichte des Mittelalters 5 (1942) 419ndash492

Heacutebert Michel ldquoLrsquoeacutelection des chevaliers Un eacutepisode de recrutement militaire en Provence au XIIIe siegraveclerdquo Cahiers des eacutetudes anciennes 15 (1983) 81ndash102

Jansen HPH amp PCMHoppenbrouwers ldquoMilitary obligations in medieval Holland The burden of the hostrdquo The Low Countries History Yearbook (Acta historiae Neerlandicae) 13 (1980) 1ndash24

Jones Michael ldquoLrsquoArmeacutee bretonne 1449ndash1491 Structures et carriegraveresrdquo La France de la fin du XVe siegravecle Renouveau et apogeacutee [Confeacuterence de Tours 3ndash6 octobre 1983] Bernard BChevalier amp Philippe Contamine eds (Paris CNRS 1985) 147ndash165

Jones Michael ldquoBreton nobility in the service of the state The case of Guillaume deRosnyvinenrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe

siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 237ndash260 Jones Michael ldquoEdward IIIrsquos captains in Brittanyrdquo England in the Fourteenth Century

WMOrmrod ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1986) 99ndash118 Lot Ferdinand Recherches sur les effectifs des armeacutees franccedilaises des guerres drsquoItalie

aux guerres de religion 1494ndash1562 (Paris Bibliothegraveque de lrsquoEacutecole pratique des hautes eacutetudes 1962)

Mot GJ ldquoLrsquoarsenal et le parc de mateacuteriel agrave la citeacute de Carcassonne et 1298rdquo Annales du Midi 68 (1956) 409ndash418

Painter Sidney ldquoCastellans of the plain of Poitou in the eleventh and twelfth centuriesrdquo Speculum 31 (1956) 243ndash257

Peacutegeot Pierre ldquoLrsquoarmement des ruraux et des bourgeois agrave la fin du moyen acircge Lrsquoexemple de la reacutegion de Montbeacuteliardrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en France en Angleterre eten Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 237ndash260


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Pena Nicole de ldquoVassaux Gascons au service du roi drsquoAngleterre dans la premiegravere moitieacute du XIVe siegravecle Fideacuteliteacute ou esprit de profitrdquo Annales du Midi 88 (1976) 5ndash21

Petit Joseph ldquoUn capitaine du regravegne de Philippe le Bel Thibaut de Chepoyrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 10 (1897) 224ndash239

Pollard AJ John Talbot and the War in France 1427ndash1453 London Royal Historical Society 1983

Prou Maurice ldquoDe la nature du service militaire ducirc par les roturiers au XIe et XIIe

siegraveclesrdquo RH 44 (1890) 313ndash327 Reynaud Marcelle ldquoLe service feacuteodal en Anjou et Maine agrave la fin du moyen acircgerdquo

Cahiers drsquohistoire 16 (1971) 111ndash159 Roger Jean-Marc ldquoGuy le Bouteillierrdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris CNRS 1978) 271ndash

329 Rowe BJH ldquoDiscipline in the Norman garrisons under Bedford 1422ndash1435rdquo EHR 46

(1931) 194ndash208 Solon Paul D ldquoPopular response to standing military forces in fifteenth-century

Francerdquo Studies in the Renaissance 19 (1972) 78ndash111 Strayer Joseph R ldquoKnight service in Normandy in the XIIIth centuryrdquo Anniversary

essays by students of Charles Homer Haskins CHTaylor ed (Cambridge HarvardUniversity Press 1929 Rp Freeport NY Books for Libraries 1967) 312ndash327

Tabuteau Emily Z ldquoDefinitions of feudal military obligations in eleventh-century Normandyrdquo On the Laws and Customs of England Essays in Honor of SamuelEThorne Morris SArnold ed (Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press1981) 18ndash59

Tuck Anthony ldquoWhy men fought in the Hundred Years Warrdquo History Today 33 (April 1983) 35ndash40

Verbruggen JF ldquoDe militaire dienst in het graafschap Vlaanderenrdquo Tijdschrift voorRechtsgeschiedenis 26 (1958) 437ndash465


Arnold Benjamin German Knighthood 1050ndash1300 (Oxford Clarendon 1985) Auer Leopold ldquoDer Kriegsdienst des Klerus unter den saumlchsischen Kaisernrdquo MIOG 79

(1971) 316ndash407 80 (1972) 48ndash70 Bartels Karl Deutsche Krieger in polnischen Diensten von Misika I bis Kasimir dem

Groszligen c 963ndash1370 [Historische Studien Heft 150] (Berlin Emil Ebering 1922 Rp Vaduz Kraus 1965)

Cuvillier Jean-Pierre ldquoMilites in servitio La sujeacutetion de la haute noblesse agrave la bureaucratic dans le royaume de Sicile sous Freacutedeacuteric II Hohenstaufenrdquo Institutionen Kultur und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter Festschrift fuumlr Josef Fleckenstein(Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1984) 639ndash664

Franz Guumlnther ldquoVon Ursprung und Brauchtum der Landsknechterdquo MIOG 61 (1953) 79ndash98

Frauenholz Eugen von Das Heerwesen der germanischen Fruumlhzeit des Frankenreiches und des ritterlichen Zeitalters [Entwicklungsgeschichte des deutchen Heerwesens Bd


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

1] (Muumlnchen Beck 1935) Frauenholz Eugen von Das Heerwesen in der Zeit des freien Soumlldnertums

[Entwicklungsgeschichte des deutschen Heerwesens Bd 2 T 1ndash2] (Muumlnchen CHBeck 1937)

Krieger Karl-Friedrich ldquoObligatory military service and the use of mercenaries in imperial military campaigns under the Hohenstaufen emperorsrdquo England andGermany in the High Middle Ages Alfred Haverkamp amp Hanna Vollrath eds(Oxford Oxford University Press 1996) 151ndash168

Maag Albert Der Schweizer Soldat in der Kriegsgeschichte MFeldmann ed (Bern Hans Huber 1931)

Mandlmayr Martin C amp Karl GVocelka ldquoVom Adelsaufgebot zum stehenden HeerBemerkungen zum Funktionswandel des Adels im Kriegswesen der fruumlhen Neuzeitrdquo Spezialforschung und Gesamtgeschichte Beispiele und Methodenfragen zurGeschichte der fruumlhen Neuzeit Grete Klingenstein amp Heinrich Lutz eds (Muumlnchen ROldenbourg 1982) 112ndash125

Moumlller Hans-Michael Das Regiment der Landsknechte Untersuchungen zu Verfassung Recht und Selbstverstaumlndnis in deutschen Soumlldnerheeren des 16 Jahrhunderts[Frankfurter historische Abhandlungen Bd 12] (Wiesbaden Franz Steiner 1976)

Neumann Ronald ldquoUntersuchungen zu dem Heer Kaiser Friedrichs II beim Kreuzzug von 1228ndash1229rdquo Militaumlrgeschichtliche Mitteilungen 54 (1995) 1ndash30

Roulet Louis-Edouard ldquoLe soldat suisse et la mort agrave lrsquoeacutepoque des guerres de Bourgogne et drsquoItalie (XVe et XVIe siegravecles)rdquo Meacutelanges Andreacute Corvisier Le soldat la strateacutegie la mort (Paris Economica 1989) 351ndash366

Sander Erich ldquoDie Heersorganisation Heinrichs Irdquo Historisches Jahrbuch 59 (1939) 1ndash26

Schaufelberger Walter Der Alte Schweizer und sein Krieg Studien zur Kriegfuumlhrungvornehmlich im 15 Jahrhundert (Zuumlrich Europa Verlag 1952)

Schmitthenner Paul ldquoLehnskriegswesen und Soumlldnertum im abendlaumlndischen Imperium des Mittelaltersrdquo Historische Zeitschrift 150 (1934) 229ndash267

Sennhauser Albert Hauptmann und Fuumlhrung im Schweizerkrieg des Mittelalters (Geist und Werk der Zeiten Heft 12] (Zuumlrich Fretz und Wasmuth 1965)

Werner Karl F ldquoHeeresorganisation und Kriegfuumlhrung im deutschen Koumlnigreich des 10 und 11 Jahrhundertsrdquo Settimane di studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 791ndash843

Wohlfeil Rainer ldquoAdel und neues Heerwesenrdquo Deutscher Adel 1430ndash1555 Hellmuth Roumlssler ed [Schriften zur Problematik der deutschen Fuumlhrungschriften in der Neuzeit Bd 1] (Darmstadt Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1965) 203ndash233

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Carrere Claude ldquoAux engines des grandes compagnies La compagnie catalane de 1302rdquo Recrutement mentaliteacutes socieacuteteacutes [Universiteacute Paul-Valeacutery de Montpellier septembre 1974] (Montpellier Centre drsquohistoire militaire 1974) 1ndash7

Orlandis Joseacute ldquoLos romanos en el ejeacutercito visigodordquo Homenaje a Fray Justo Peacuterez de


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Urbel 2 vols (Burgos Abadiacutea de Silos 1976ndash1977) vol 1 121ndash131 Pascot Joseph PE Les Almugavares Mercenaires Catalans du moyen acircge 1302ndash1388

(Bruxelles Elzeacutevir-Sequoia 1971) Pescador Carmela ldquoLa caballeriacutea popular en Leacuteon y Castillardquo Cuadernos de historia de

Espantildea 33ndash34 (1961) 101ndash238 35ndash36 (1962) 56ndash201 37ndash38 (1963) 88ndash198 39ndash40 (1964) 169ndash260

Powers James F ldquoFrontier military service and exemption in the municipalities ofAragon and Castilerdquo Military Affairs 45 no 2 (1981) 75ndash78

Powers James F ldquoThe origins and development of municipal military service in the Leonese and Castilian Reconquest 800ndash1250rdquo Traditio 26 (1970) 91ndash111

Powers James F A Society Organized for War The Iberian Municipal Militias in theCentral Middle Ages 1000ndash1284 (Berkeley University of California Press 1988)

Powers James F ldquoTownsmen and soldiers The interaction of urban and militaryorganization in the militias of medieval Castilerdquo Speculum 46 (1971) 641ndash655

Powers James F ldquoTwo warrior-kings and their municipal militias The townsman-soldier in law and liferdquo The Worlds of Alfonso the Learned and James the ConquerorIntellect and Force in the Middle Ages Robert IBurns ed (Princeton Princeton University Press 1985) 95ndash129

Puddu Raffaele Il soldato gentiluomo Autoritratto drsquouna societagrave guerriera la Spagna del cinquecento (Bologna Il Mulino 1982)

Ruano Eloy Benito ldquoLa participatioacuten extranjera en la guerra de Granadardquo Revista de archives bibliotecas y museos 80 (1977)679ndash701

Rumeacuteu de Armas Antonio ldquoLa expedicioacuten militar mallorquina de 1366 a las islasCanariasrdquo En la Espantildea medieval Estudios en memoria del Profesor DSalvador de Moxoacute Miguel ALadero Quesada ed (Madrid Universidad Complutense 1982) vol 3 497ndash503

ITALY

Bianchi Silvana A ldquoFanti cavalieri e stipendiarii nelle fonti statuarie Veronesirdquo GliScaligeri 1277ndash1387 Gian Maria Varanini ed (Verona Arnoldo Mondadori 1988)157ndash166

Blastenbrei Peter Die Sforza und ihr Heer Studien zur Struktur- Wirtschafts- undSozialgeschichte des Soumlldnerwesens in der italienischen Fruumlhrenaissance (Heidelberg Carl Winter 1987)

Bueno de Mesquita DM ldquoSome condottieri of the trecento and their relations withpolitical authorityrdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 32 (1946) 219ndash241

Casula Francesco C ldquoGli schiavi Sardi della battaglia di Sanluri del 1409rdquo Societagrave istituzioni spiritualitagrave Studi in onore di Cinzio Violante (Spoleto CISAM 1994) 195ndash206

Covini Nadia LrsquoEsercito de duca Organizzazione militare e istituzioni al tempo degliSforza 1450ndash1480 [Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo nuovi studi storici vol 42] (Roma Istituto storico 1998)

Covini Nadia ldquoI castellani ducali allrsquoepoca di Galeazzo Maria Sforza Offici carriere


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

state socialerdquo Nuova rivista storica 71 (1987) 531ndash586 Covini Nadia ldquoCondottieri ed eserciti permanenti negli stati italiani nel XV secolo in

alcuni studi recentirdquo Nuova rivista storica 69 (1985) 329ndash352 Da Mosto Andrea ldquoOrdinamenti militari delle soldatesche dello stato romano dal 1430

al 1470rdquo Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 5 (1903) 19ndash34

Da Mosto Andrea ldquoOrdinamenti militari delle soldatesche dello stato romano nel secolo XVIrdquo Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 6 (1904) 72ndash133

Del Treppo Mario ldquoGli aspetti organizzativi economici e sociali di una compagnia di ventura italianardquo Rivista storica italiana 85 (1973) 253ndash275

Ferrer i Mallol Maria Teresa ldquoMercenaris catalans a Ferrara 1307ndash1317rdquo Anuario de estudios medievales 2 (1965) 155ndash227

Franceschini Gino ldquoBoldrino da Panicale Contributo alla storia delle milizie mercenarie italianerdquo Bollettino della deputazione di storia patria dellrsquoUmbria 46 (1949) 118ndash139

Hale JR ldquoThe military education of the officer class in early modern Europerdquo CulturalAspects of the Italian Renaissance Essays in Honour of Paul Oskar Kristeller Cecil HClough ed (Manchester Manchester University Press 1976) 440ndash461

Kramer Hans ldquoCondottieri und Feldhauptleute (14ndash16 Jahrhundert)rdquo Geschichte undihre Quellen Festschrift fuumlr Friedrich Hausmann zum 70 Geburtstag Reinhard Haumlrtel ed (Graz Akademische Druck- und Verlaganstalt 1987)

Lane Frederic C ldquoWages and recruitment of Venetian galeotti 1470ndash1580rdquo Studi Veneziani ns 6 (1982) 15ndash43

Loud GA ldquoThe church warfare and military obligation in Norman Italyrdquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 31ndash45

Niese Hans ldquoZur Geschichte des deutschen Soldrittertums in Italienrdquo Quellen undForschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 8 (1905) 217ndash248

Pieri Piero ldquoAlcune quistioni sopra la fanteria in Italia nel periodo comunalerdquo Rivista storica italiana 50 (1933) 561ndash614

Puddu Raffaele ldquoLettere ed armi Il ritratto del guerriero tra quattro e cinquecentordquo Federico di Montefeltro Lo stato le arti la cultura Giorgio C Baiardi et al eds [Biblioteca del cinquecento 30] (Roma Bulzoni 1986) 487ndash512

Settia Aldo A ldquolsquoSont inobediens et refusent de servirrsquo Il principe e lrsquoesercito nel Monferrato dellrsquoetagrave avignoneserdquo Piemonte medievale Forme del potere e della societagrave Studi per Giovanni Tobacco (Torino GEinaudi 1985) 87ndash121

Tivchev Peter ldquoThe war between Cyprus and Genoa in 1373ndash1374 and the participation of the Bulgarians in itrdquo Eacutetudes historiques 3 (Sofia Acadeacutemie des sciences de Bulgarie 1966) 125ndash144

Waley Daniel P ldquoCondotte and condottieri in the thirteenth centuryrdquo Proceedings of the British Academy 61 (1975) 337ndash371

Waley Daniel P ldquoLe origini della condotta nel duecento e le compagnie di venturardquo Rivista storica italiana 88 (1976) 531ndash538

Waley Daniel P ldquoPapal armies in the thirteenth centuryrdquo EHR 72 (1957) 1ndash30 Zambarbieri Teresa ldquoLa partecipazione milanese alla guerra del bene publico


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Allestimento e realizzazione dellrsquoimpresa militarerdquo Nuova rivista storica 69 (1985) 1ndash30

EASTERN EUROPE

Borosy Andraacutes ldquoThe militia portalis in Hungary before 1526rdquo War and Society in Eastern Central Europe (New York Brooklyn College 1982) 63ndash80

Raacutezsoacute Gyula ldquoThe mercenary army of King Matthias Corvinusrdquo War and Society in Eastern Central Europe (New York Brooklyn College 1982) 125ndash140

Wimmer J ldquoLrsquoinfanterie dans lrsquoarmeacutee polonaise au XVendashXVIIIe siegraveclesrdquo Histoire militaire de la Pologne Problegravemes choisis (Warsaw Ministegravere de la Deacutefense Nationale 1970) 78ndash94


Allsen Thomas T ldquoRecruitment of manpowerrdquo Mongol Imperialism The Policies of theGrand Qan Moumlngke in China Russia and the Islamic Lands 1251ndash1259 (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) chapter 7 189ndash216

Amitai Reuven ldquoThe remaking of the military elite of Maml k Egypt by al-N sirMuhammad b Qal w nrdquo Studia Islamica 72 (1990) 145ndash163

Bartusis Mark ldquoState demands for the billeting of soldiers in late Byzantiumrdquo Recueildes travaux de lrsquoInstitut drsquoeacutetudes byzantines 26 (1987) 115ndash123

Bautier Robert-Henri ldquoSoudoyers drsquooutremont agrave Plaisance Leur origine geacuteographique et le meacutecanisme de leurs emprunts 1293ndash1330rdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 95ndash129

Benedikz BS ldquoThe evolution of the Varangian regimes in the Byzantine armyrdquo Byzantinische Zeitschrift 62 (1969) 20ndash24

Bosworth CE ldquoRecruitment muster and review in medieval Islamic armiesrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp MEYapp eds (New York Oxford University Press 1975) 59ndash77

Cheynet Jean-Claude ldquoLe rocircle des occidentaux dans lrsquoarmeacutee byzantine avant la premiegravere croisaderdquo Byzanz und das Abendland im 10 und 11 Jahrhundert Evangelos Konstantinou ed (Koumlln Boumlhlau 1997) 111ndash128

Ciggaar Krijnie ldquoFlemish mercenaries in Byzantium Their late history in an Old Norse miraclerdquo Byzantion 51 (1961) 44ndash75

Crone Patricia Slaves on Horses The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1980)

Ditten Hans ldquoSlawen im byzantinischen Heer von Justinian I bis Justinian IIrdquo Studien zum 7 Jahrhundert in Byzanz Probleme der Herausbildung des Feudalismus Helga Koumlpstein amp Friedhelm Winkelmann eds (Berlin Akademie Verlag 1976) 77ndash91

Eddeacute Anne-Marie ldquoKurdes et Turcs dans lrsquoarmeacutee ayyoubide de Syrie du nordrdquo War andSociety in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century Yaacov Lev ed (London Brill 1997) 267ndash300


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

France John ldquoTechnology and the success of the first crusaderdquo War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7thndash15th century Yaacov Lev ed (Leiden Brill 1996) 163ndash176

Glidden Harold W ldquoA note on early Arabian military organizationrdquo Journal of the American Oriental Society 56 (1936) 88ndash91

Haldon John F Byzantine Praetorians An Administrative Institutional and SocialSurvey of the opsikion and tagmata c 580ndash900 [Poikila Byzantina 3] (Bonn RudolfHabelt 1984)

Haldon John F ldquoMilitary service military lands and the status of soldiers Currentproblems and interpretationsrdquo Dumbarton Oaks Papers 47 (1993) 1ndash67

Haldon John F Recruitment and Conscription in the Byzantine Army c 550ndash950 A Study of the Origins of the stratiotika ktemata [Oumlsterreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften Ph-hist Klasse Sitzungsberichte Bd 357] (Wien Oumlsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1979)

Hannestad Knud ldquoLes forces militaires drsquoapregraves la guerre gothique de Procoperdquo Classica et Mediaevalia 21 (1961) 136ndash183

Hendrickx Benjamin ldquoAgrave propos du nombre des troupes de la quatriegraveme croisade et de lrsquoempereur Baudouin Irdquo Byzantina 3 (1971) 29ndash40

Housley Norman ldquoThe mercenary companies the papacy and the crusades 1356ndash1378rdquo Traditio 38 (1982) 253ndash280

Ligato Giuseppe ldquoFra ordini cavallereschi e crociata Milites ad terminum e confraternitates armaterdquo Militia christi e crociata nei secoli XIndashXIII [Atti della settimana di studio Mendola agosto 1989] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1992) 645ndash697

Marshall Christopher J ldquoThe French regiment in the Latin east 1254ndash1291rdquo Journal ofMedieval History 15 (1989) 301ndash307

Maspero Jean ldquo dans lrsquoarmeacutee byzantine au VIe siegraveclerdquo Byzantinische Zeitschrift 21 (1912) 97ndash109

Morabia Alfred ldquoGihad et volontaires du combat centre lsquolrsquoinfidelersquo dans lrsquoIslam meacutedieacutevalrdquo Recrutement mentaliteacutes socieacuteteacutes [Universiteacute Paul-Valeacutery de Montpellier septembre 1974] (Montpellier Centre drsquohistoire militaire 1974) 9ndash15

Nesbitt John W ldquoThe rate of march of crusading armies in Europerdquo Traditio 19 (1963)167ndash181

Pipes Daniel Slave Soldiers and Islam The Genesis of a Military System (New Haven Yale 1981)

Powell James M Anatomy of a Crusade 1213ndash1221 (Philadelphia University ofPennsylvania Press 1986)

Rabie Hassanein ldquoThe training of the Maml k Parisrdquo War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp MEYapp eds (New York Oxford University Press 1975) 153ndash163

Schlumberger G ldquoDeux chefs normands des armeacutees byzantines au XIe siegraveclerdquo RH 16 (1881) 289ndash303

Shepard Jonathan ldquoThe English and Byzantium A study of their role in the byzantine army in the later eleventh centuryrdquo Traditio 29 (1973) 52ndash92

Shepard Jonathan ldquoThe uses of the Franks in eleventh-century Byzantiumrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 15 (1992) 275ndash305


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Teall John L ldquoThe barbarians in Justinianrsquos armiesrdquo Speculum 40 (1965) 294ndash322 Treadgold Warren T ldquoNotes on the numbers and organization of the ninth-century

Byzantine armyrdquo Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 21 (1980) 269ndash288 Vryonis Speros Jr ldquoByzantine and Turkish societies and their sources of manpowerrdquo

War Technology and Society in the Middle East VJParry amp ME Yapp eds (New York Oxford University Press 1975) 125ndash152

Weissmann Nahaum Les Janissaires Eacutetude de lrsquoorganisation militaire des Ottomans(Paris Orient 1964)


Dow

nloa

ded

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 12 Finance and Supply

Feeding Mars Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present John ALynn ed (Boulder Col Westview 1993)

Lewinsohn Richard The Profits of War through the Ages (London George Routledge 1936)

War and Economic Development Essays in Memory of David Joslin JMWinter ed (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1975)

War Finance 3 vols Larry Neal ed (Aldershot Elgar 1994)

Allmand CT ldquoWar and profit in the late Middle Agesrdquo History Today 15 (1965) 762ndash769

Ayalon David ldquoThe system of payment in Mamlucirck military society rdquo Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 1 (1957) 35ndash65 257ndash296

Bartusis Mark C ldquoThe cost of late Byzantine warfare and defenserdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 16 (1991) 75ndash89

Bog Ingomar ldquoKrieg und Wirtschaft im 16 Jahrhundert Ein Essay uumlberKriegswirkungen und Kriegsfolgenrdquo Krieg Militaumlrausgaben und wirtschaftlicherWandel [Akten des 7 International Economic History Congress Edinburgh 1978]Othmar Pickl ed (Graz Karl-Franzens Universitaumlt 1980) 11ndash36

Bridbury AR ldquoBefore the Black Deathrdquo Economic History Review 2d ser 30 (1977) 393ndash410

Bridbury AR ldquoThe hundred years war costs and profitsrdquo Trade Government andEconomy in Pre-Industrial England Essays presented to FJFisher DCColeman amp AHJohn eds (London Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1976) 80ndash95



Burley SJ ldquoThe victualling of Calais 1347ndash1365rdquo BIHR 31 (1958) 49ndash57 Caldwell David H ldquoRoyal patronage of arms and armour-making in fifteenth-and

sixteenth-century Scotlandrdquo Scottish Weapons and Fortifications (Edinburgh JDonald 1981) 73ndash93

Connolly P ldquoThe financing of English expeditions to Ireland 1361ndash1376rdquo England andIreland in the Later Middle Ages JLydon ed (Dublin Irish Academy 1981) 104ndash121

Constable Giles ldquoThe financing of the crusades in the twelfth centuryrdquo Outremer Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer BZKedar et al eds (Jerusalem Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute) 64ndash88

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Contamine Philippe ldquoConsommation et demande militaire en France et en angleterreXIIIendashXVe siegraveclesrdquo Domanda e Consumi Livelli e Strutture nei secoli XIIIndashXVIII[Atti della sesta settimana di studio 27 aprile-3 maggio 1974 Istituto internazionale di storia economica FDatini Prato 6] (Firenze Leo Olschi 1978) 409ndash428

Contamine Philippe ldquoLe coucirct de la guerre de cent ans en Angleterrerdquo Annales 20 (1965) 788ndash791

Contamine Philippe ldquoLes gens de guerre et la ville Achat drsquoarmures agrave Orleacuteans 1434ndash1438rdquo Villes bonnes villes citeacutes et capitales Eacutetudes drsquohistoire urbaine (XIIendashXVIIIe siegravecle) offertes agrave Bernard Chevalier Monique Bourin ed (Tours Universiteacute 1989) 3ndash11

Contamine Philippe ldquoGuerre fiscaliteacute royale et eacuteconomic en France (deuxiegraveme moitieacute du XVe siegravecle) Krieg Militaumlrausgaben und wirtschaftlicher Wandel Othmar Pickl ed [Akten des 7 International Economic History Congress Edinburgh 1978] (Graz Karl-Franzens Universitaumlt 1980) 1ndash10

Davies CSL ldquoProvisions for armies 1509ndash1550 A study in the effectiveness of early Tudor governmentrdquo Economic History Review 17 (1964) 234ndash248

Delmaire Roland ldquoLa caisse des largesses sacreacutees et lrsquoarmegravee au bas-empirerdquo Armeacutees etfiscaliteacute dans le monde antique (Paris CNRS 1977) 311ndash330

Devaux Jean ldquoLrsquoalimentation en temps de guerre Lrsquoapport des sources litteacuterairesrdquo LaVie mateacuterielle au moyen acircge Lrsquoapport des sources litteacuteraires normatives et de la pratique [Actes du colloque international du Louvain-la-Neuve 3ndash5 octobre 1996] Emmanuelle Rassart-Eeckhout ed (Louvain Universiteacute catholique 1997) 91ndash108

Doucet Roger ldquoLes finances anglaises en France agrave la fin de la guerre de cent ans (1413ndash1435)rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 27 (1926) 265ndash332

Durliat Jean ldquoLe polyptyque drsquoIrminon et lrsquoimpocirct pour lrsquoarmegraveerdquo BEC 141 (1983) 183ndash208

Finkel Caroline ldquoThe costs of Ottoman warfare and defencerdquo Byzantinische Forschungen 16 (1991) 91ndash103

Fouquet Gerhard ldquoDie Finanzierung von Krieg und Verteidigung in oberdeutchenStaumldten des spaumlten Mittelalters 1400ndash1500rdquo Stadt und Krieg Bernhard Kirchgaumlssneramp Guumlnter Scholz eds [Stadt in der Geschichte Bd 15] (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1989) 41ndash82

Fowler Kenneth A ldquoLes finances et la discipline dans les armeacutees anglaises en France au XIVe siegraveclerdquo Les Cahiers Vernonnais 4 (1964) 55ndash84

Gaier Claude ldquoLrsquoapprovisionnement et le reacutegime alimentaire des troupes dans le ducheacute de Limbourg et les terres drsquoOutremeuse vers 1400rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 74 (1968) 551ndash575

Gaier Claude LrsquoIndustrie et le commerce des armes dans les anciennes principauteacutesbelges du XIIIe siegravecle agrave la fin du XVe siegravecle (Paris Belles Lettres 1973)

Green Judith ldquoFinancing Stephenrsquos warrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992) 91ndash114 Haldon John ldquoThe army and the economy The allocation and redistribution of surplus

wealth in the Byzantine staterdquo Mediterranean Historical Review 7 (1992) 133ndash153 Harriss GL King Parliament and Public Finance in Medieval England to 1369

(Oxford Clarendon 1975) Haward Winifred I ldquoEconomic aspects of the Wars of the Roses in East Angliardquo EHR

Finance and supply 143

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

41 (1926) 170ndash189 Henneman John B Jr ldquoFinancing the Hundred Years War Royal taxation in France in

1340rdquo Speculum 42 (1967) 275ndash298 Henneman John B Jr Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France The Captivity

and Ransom of John II 1356ndash1370 (Philadelphia American Philosophical Society1976)

Henneman John B Jr Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France The Developmentof War-Financing 1322ndash1356 (Princeton Princeton University Press 1971)

Heacutebert M ldquoGuerre finances and administration Les eacutetats de Provence de novembre 1359rdquo Le Moyen Acircge 83 (1977) 103ndash130

Hockey SF ldquoThe transport of Isle of Wight corn to feed Edward Irsquos army in Scotlandrdquo EHR 77 (1962) 703ndash705

Hogg Oliver FG The Royal Arsenal Its Background Origin and Subsequent History2 vols (London Oxford University Press 1963)

Hooker James R ldquoNotes on the organization and supply of the Tudor military underHenry VIIrdquo Huntington Library Quarterly 23 (1959ndash1960) 19ndash31

Jones WR ldquoPurveyance for war and the community of the realm in late medieval Englandrdquo Albion 7 no 4 (1975) 300ndash316

Kaegi Walter E ldquoLate Roman continuity in the financing of Heracliusrsquo armyrdquo Jahrbuch der oumlsterreichischen Byzantinistik 322 (1982) 53ndash61

Kaeuper RW ldquoThe role of Italian financiers in the Edwardian conquest of Walesrdquo Welsh History Review 6 (1973) 387ndash403

Kirby JL ldquoThe financing of Calais under Henry Vrdquo BIHR 23 (1950) 165ndash177 McFarlane KB ldquoA business partnership in war and administration 1421ndash1445rdquo EHR

78 (1963) 290ndash310 McFarlane KB ldquoThe investment of Sir John Fastolfrsquos profits of warrdquo TRHS 5th ser 7

(1957) 91ndash116 Michel Peter ldquoSir Philip drsquoArcy and the financial plight of the military knight in 13th-

century Englandrdquo Lincolnshire history and archaeology 19 (1984) 49ndash56 Miller Edward ldquoWar taxation and the English economy in the late thirteenth and early

fourteenth centuriesrdquo War and Economic Development JMWinter ed (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1975) 11ndash31

Newhall Richard ldquoThe war finances of Henry V and the duke of Bedfordrdquo EHR 36 (1921) 172ndash198

Padovan G ldquoLrsquoeconomia di guerra di un grande commune del trecentordquo Rivista di storia economica 5 (1940) 35ndash42

Postan MM ldquoThe costs of the Hundred Yearsrsquo Warrdquo Past and Present 27 (1964) 34ndash53

Powicke Michael ldquoEdward II and military obligationrdquo Speculum 31 (1956) 92ndash119 Prestwich JO ldquoWar and finance in the Anglo-Norman staterdquo TRHS 5th ser 4

(1954)19ndash43 Prestwich Michael ldquoVictualling estimates for English garrisons in Scotland during the

early 14th centuryrdquo EHR 82 (1967) 536ndash543 Prince AE lsquoThe payment of army wages in Edward IIIrsquos reignrdquo Speculum 19 (1944)

137ndash160


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Pryor John H ldquoTransportation of horses by sea during the era of the crusades eighthcentury to 1285 ADrdquo Marinerrsquos Mirror 68 (1982) 9ndash28 103ndash126

Rey Maurice Le domaine du roi et les finances extraordinaires sous Charles VI 1388ndash1413 (Paris SEVPEN 1965)

Rosen Josef ldquoKriegsausgaben im Spaumltmittelalter Der militaumlrische Aufwand in Basel 1360ndash1535rdquo Vierteljahrsschrift fuumlr Sozial- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte 71 (1984) 457ndash484

Schnerb Bertrand ldquoUn aspect de la politique financiegravere de Jean sans Peur La question des deacutepenses de guerrerdquo Publications du centre europeacuteen drsquoeacutetudes bourguignonnes 27 (1987) 113ndash128

Sherborne JW ldquoThe cost of English warfare with France in the later fourteenthcenturyrdquo BIHR 50 (1977) 135ndash150

Siveacutery Geacuterard ldquoLrsquoenquecircte de 1247 et les dommages de guerre en Tournaisis en Flandre gallicante et en Artoisrdquo Revue du Nord 59 (1977) 7ndash18

Smith John M ldquoMongol campaign rations milk marmots and bloodrdquo Journal ofTurkish Studies 8 (1984) 223ndash228

Steel Anthony ldquoThe financial background of the Wars of the Rosesrdquo History 40 (1955) 18ndash30

Stewart Paul ldquoThe soldier the bureaucrat and fiscal records in the army of Ferdinand and Isabellardquo Hispanic American Historical Review 49 (1969) 281ndash292

Strausfield Michael ldquoJohn Holland (d 1447) and the costs of the hundred years warrdquo Profit Piety and the Professions in Later Medieval England Michael Hicks ed (Gloucester Alan Sutton 1990) 103ndash118

Strayer Joseph R ldquoThe costs and profits of war The Anglo-French conflict of 1294ndash1303rdquo The Medieval City Harry AMiskimin David Herlihy amp AL Udovitch eds (New Haven Yale University Press 1977) 269ndash291

Waale MJ ldquoMilitary and financial aspects of warfare in Holland around 1400rdquo Journalof Medieval History 17 (1991) 333ndash351

Walker Simon ldquoProfit and loss in the Hundred Years War The subcontracts of Sir JohnStrother 1374rdquo BIHR 58 (1985) 100ndash106

Wolff Philippe ldquoAchats drsquoarmes pour Philippe le Bel dans la reacutegion toulousainerdquo Annales du Midi 61 (1948) 84ndash91


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ce]

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120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 13 The Spoils of War Booty and Ransoms

Bossuat Andreacute ldquoLes prisonniers de Beauvais et la ranccedilon du poegravete Jean Reacutegnier bailli drsquoAuxerrerdquo Meacutelanges drsquohistoire du moyen acircge deacutedieacutes agrave la meacutemoire de Louis Halphen(Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1951) 27ndash32

Bossuat Andreacute ldquoLes prisonniers de guerre au XVe siegravecle La ranccedilon de Guillaume seigneur de Chacircteauvillainrdquo Annales de Bourgogne 23 (1951) 7ndash35

Bossuat Andreacute ldquoLes prisonniers de guerre au XVe siegravecle La ranccedilon de Jean seigneur de Rodemackrdquo Annales de lrsquoEst 5th ser 2 (1951) 145ndash162

Burgunderbeute und Werke burgundischer Hofkunst [Bernisches historisches Museum mai-september 1969] (Bern Museum 1969)

Contamine Philippe ldquoRanccedilons et butins dans la Normandie anglaise 1424ndash1444rdquo LaGuerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 241ndash270

Dain Alphonse ldquoLe partage du butin de guerre drsquoapregraves les traiteacutes juridiques et militariesrdquo Actes du VIe Congregraves international des eacutetudes byzantines Paris 1948(Paris Eacutecole des hautes eacutetudes 1950) 347ndash354

Deuchler Florens Die Burgunderbeute Inventar der Beutestuumlcke aus den Schlachten von Grandson Murten und Nancy 1476ndash1477 (Bern Staumlmpfli 1963)

Ferrer i Mallol Maria Teresa ldquoLa redempcioacute de captius a la corona catalanoaragonesa(segle XIV)rdquo Anuario de estudios medievales 15 (1985) 237ndash297

Given-Wilson Chris ldquoThe ransom of Olivier du Guesclinrdquo BIHR 54 (1981) 17ndash28 Hay Denys ldquoBooty in border warfarerdquo Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway

Natural History and Antiquarian Society 3d ser 31 (1954) 145ndash166 Hay Denys ldquoThe division of spoils of war in fourteenth-century Englandrdquo TRHS 5th

ser 4 (1954) 91ndash109 Hicks MA ldquoCounting the cost of war The Moleyns ransom and the Hungerford land-

sales 1453ndash1487rdquo Southern History 8 (1986) 11ndash35 Jones Michael ldquoRansom brokerage in the fifteenth centuryrdquo Guerre et socieacuteteacute en

France en Angleterre et en Bourgogne XIVendashXVe siegravecle (Villeneuve drsquoAscq Universiteacute de Lille III 1991) 221ndash235

Jones Michael ldquoThe ransom of Jean de Bretagne count of Penthiegravevre An aspect ofEnglish foreign policy 1386ndash1388rdquo BIHR 45 (1972) 7ndash26

Leguai Andreacute ldquoLe probleme des ranccedilons au XVe siegravecle La captiviteacute de Jean 1er duc de Bourbonrdquo Cahiers drsquohistoire 6 (1961) 41ndash58

Oliver Asiacuten Jaime Origen aacuterabe de rebato arrobda y sus homoacutenimos Contributioacuten alestudio de la historia medieval de la taacutectica military de su leacutexico peninsular (Madrid Tipografiacutea de la Revista de Archives 1928)

Perroy Edouard ldquoGras profits et ranccedilons pendant la guerre de Cent Ans Lrsquoaffaire du Comte de Deniardquo Meacutelanges drsquohistoire du moyen acircge deacutedieacutes agrave la meacutemoire de Louis

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Halphen (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1951) 573ndash580 ldquoThe ransom of John II king of France 1360ndash1370rdquo Dorothy MBroome ed Camden

Miscellany 14 (1926) indashxxvi 1ndash44 Redlich Fritz De Praeda militari Looting and Booty 1500ndash1815 [Vierteljahrschrift fuumlr

Sozial-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Beiheft no 39] (Wiesbaden Franz Steiner 1956) Reuter Timothy ldquoPlunder and tribute in the Carolingian empirerdquo TRHS 5th ser 35

(1985) 75ndash94 Strickland Matthew ldquoSlaughter slavery or ransom The impact of the conquest on

conduct in warfarerdquo England in the Eleventh Century [Harlaxton conference 1990] (Stamford England Paul Watkins 1992) 41ndash59

Wright Nicholas ldquoRansoms of non-combatants during the Hundred Years Warrdquo Journalof Medieval History 17 (1991) 323ndash332

Zug Tucci Hannelore ldquoVenezia e i prigionieri di guerra nel medioevordquo Studi venezianins 14 (1987) 15ndash89

The spoils of war booty and ransoms 148

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 14 War and Peace

Bainton Ronald H Christian Attitudes towards War and Peace A Historical Survey andCritical Re-evaluation (New York Abingdon Press 1960)

Peace and War A Guide to Bibliographies Bernice ACarroll Clinton FFink amp Jane EMohraz eds (Santa Barbara Cal ABC-Clio 1983)

Baacutek Janos M ldquoThe price of war and peace in late medieval Hungaryrdquo War and Peace

in the Middle Ages (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 161ndash178 Bisson Thomas ldquoThe organized peace in southern France and Catalonia c 1140ndashc

1233rdquo AHR 82 (1977) 290ndash311 Bonnaud-Delamare Roger ldquoFondement des institutions de paix au XIe siegraveclerdquo Meacutelanges

drsquohistoire du moyen acircge deacutedieacutes agrave la meacutemoire de Louis Halphen (Paris Presses Universitaires de France 1951) 19ndash26

Bonnaud-Delamare Roger LrsquoIdeacutee de la paix a lrsquoeacutepoque carolingienne (Paris Domat-Montchrestien 1939)

Bonnaud-Delamare Roger ldquoLes institutions de la paix en Aquitaine au XIe sieacuteclerdquo LaPaix [Recueils de la Socieacuteteacute Jean Bodin 14] (Bruxelles Editions de la LibrairieEncyclopeacutedique 1961) 415ndash487

Borg A ldquoSome medieval war memorialsrdquo Medieval Architecture and Its IntellectualContext Studies in Honour of Peter Kidson Eric Fernie amp Paul Crossley eds(London Hambledon 1990) 1ndash7

Bouumlard Michel de ldquoSur les orgines de la trecircve de dieu en Normandierdquo Annales de Normandie 9 (1959) 169ndash189

Callahan Daniel F ldquoAdeacutemar de Chabannes et la paix de dieurdquo Annales du Midi 89 (1977) 21ndash43

Cowdrey HEJ ldquoThe peace and the truce of god in the eleventh centuryrdquo Past andPresent 46 (1970) 42ndash67

Duby Georges ldquoGuerre et socieacuteteacute dans lrsquoEurope feacuteodale Ordonnancement de la paixrdquo Concetto storia miti e immagini del medie evo [Atti del XIV corso internazionale VBranca ed] (Firenze Sansoni 1973) 449ndash459

Duby Georges ldquoLes laics et la paix de dieurdquo I laici nella societas christiana[Miscellanea del centre di studi medioevali 5] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1965) 448ndash461

Fasoli Gina ldquoPace e guerra nellrsquoalto medioevo occidentalerdquo Settimane di Studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 1 15ndash47


Ganshof Franccedilois L ldquoLa paix au tregraves haut moyen acircgerdquo La Paix [Recueils de la Socieacuteteacute

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Uni

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Jean Bodin 14] (Bruxelles Editions de la Librairie Encyclopeacutedique 1961) 397ndash413 Geary Patrick J ldquoVivre en conflit dans une France sans eacutetat Typologie des meacutecanismes

de reacuteglement des conflits 1050ndash1200rdquo Tr (Jacqueline Falquevert) Annales 41 no 5 (1986) 1107ndash1133

Gleiman L ldquoSome remarks on the origin of the treuga deirdquo LrsquoInstitut drsquoeacutetudes meacutedieacutevales 16 [Montreacuteal] (1961) 117ndash137

La Guerre et la paix Frontiegraveres et violences au moyen acircge [Actes du 101e congregraves national des socieacuteteacutes savantes Lille 1976] (Paris Bibliothegraveque Nationale 1978)

Haines Keith ldquoAttitudes and impediments to pacifism in medieval Europerdquo Journal ofMedieval History 7 (1981) 369ndash388

Hallam Elizabeth ldquoMonasteries as lsquowar memorialsrsquo Battle abbey and La Victoirerdquo Studies in Church History 20 (Oxford Blackwell 1983) 47ndash57

Hasenfratz Hans-Peter ldquoKrieg und Frieden bei den alten Germanenrdquo Krieg und Frieden im Altertum Gerhard Binder amp Bernd Effe eds (Trier Wissenschaftlicher Verlag 1989) 204ndash218

Heath Peter ldquoWar and peace in the works of Erasmus A medieval perspectiverdquo The Medieval Military Revolution (London Tauris 1995) 121ndash144

Hoffmann Hartmut Gottesfriede und Treuga Dei [Schriften der MGH 20] (StuttgartAnton Hierseman 1964)

Holdsworth Christopher J ldquoIdeas and reality Some attempts to control and define war in the twelfth centuryrdquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 59ndash78

Holdsworth Christopher ldquoWar and peace in the twelfth century The reign of Stephen reconsideredrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian P McGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 67ndash93

Keen Maurice ldquoWar peace and chivalryrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 94ndash117

Khadduri Majid War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press 1955)

Krieg und Frieden im Horizont des Renaissance Humanismus Franz Josef Worstbrock ed [Mitteilung XIII der Kommission fuumlr Humanismusforschung] (Weinheim ActaHumaniora 1986)

Lokkegaard Frede ldquoThe concepts of war and peace in Islamrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 263ndash281

Mahaut Marie-Claude ldquoLe rocircle pacificateur du Pape Benoicirct dans le conflit de la Castille avec le Portugal 1337ndash1340rdquo La Guerre et la paix (Paris Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 225ndash239

Martindale Jane ldquoPeace and war in early eleventh-century Aquitainerdquo MedievalKnighthood vol 4 [Papers from the fifth Strawberry Hill conference 1990](Woodbridge Boydell 1992) 147ndash176

McGuire Brian P ldquoThe church and the control of violence in the early middle ages Friendship and peace in the letters of Gerbert 982ndash987rdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 29ndash55

Mollat Guillaume ldquoInnocent VI et les tentatives de paix entre la France et lrsquoAngleterre 1353ndash1355rdquo Revue drsquohistoire eccleacutesiastique 10 (1909) 729ndash743

Ohler Norbert Krieg und Frieden im Mittelalter (Muumlnchen CHBeck 1997)

War and peace 150

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Paix de dieu et guerre sainte en Languedoc au XIIIe siegravecle [Cahiers de Fanjeaux 4] (Toulouse Edouard Privat 1969)

Palmer John ldquoThe war-aims of the protagonists and the negotiations for peacerdquo The Hundred Years War KAFowler ed (London Macmillan 1971) 51ndash74

Peace and War in Byzantium Essays in honor of George TDennis Timothy S Miller amp John Nesbitt eds (Washington DC Catholic University of America Press 1995)

The Peace of God Social Violence and Religious Response in France around the Year1000 Thomas Head amp Richard Landes eds (Ithaca Cornell University Press 1992)

Powicke Michael R ldquoWar as a means to peace Some late medieval themesrdquo Documenting the Past Essays in Medieval History presented to George Peddy Cuttino JSHamilton amp PJBradley eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 217ndash224

Renna Thomas ldquoThe idea of peace in the west 500ndash1150rdquo Journal of Medieval History6 (1980) 143ndash167

Rosenwein Barbara H ldquoFeudal war and monastic peace Cluniac liturgy as ritual aggressionrdquo Viator 2 (1971) 129ndash157

Wallace-Hadrill JM ldquoWar and peace in the early middle agesrdquo TRHS 5th ser 25 (1975) 157ndash174 Rp in JMWallace-Hadrill Early Medieval History (Oxford Blackwell 1975) 19ndash38

War and Peace in the Middle Ages Brian PMcGuire ed (Koslashbenhavn CA Reitzel 1987)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 15 The Laws of War

Armstrong CAJ ldquoSir John Fastolf and the law of armsrdquo War Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976) 46ndash56

Barnes Jonathan ldquoThe just warrdquo The Cambridge History of Later Medieval PhilosophyNorman Kretzmann et al eds (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1982) 771ndash784

Bellini Piero Il gladio bellico Il tema delta guerra nella riflessione canonistica della etagrave classica (Torino GGappichelli 1989)

Blake EO ldquoThe formation of the crusade ideardquo Journal of Ecclesiastical History 21 (1970) 11ndash31

Bliese John RE ldquoThe just war as concept and motive in the central Middle Agesrdquo Medievalia et Humanistica ns 17 (1991) 1ndash26

Bond Brian ldquoThe lsquojust warrsquo in historical perspectiverdquo History Today 16 (1966) 111ndash119

Bouthoul Gaston Traiteacute de poleacutemologie Sociologie des guerres (Paris Payot 1970) Brundage James A ldquoThe army of the first crusade and the crusade vow Some

reflections on a recent bookrdquo Medieval Studies 33 (1971) 334ndash343 Brundage James A ldquoHoly war and the medieval lawyersrdquo The Holy War TP Murphy

ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1976) 99ndash140 Brundage James A Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison University of

Wisconsin Press 1969) Cadoux Cecil John The Early Christian Attitude to War A Contribution to the History

of Christian Ethics (London Headly 1919 Rp New York Seabury 1982) Canard M ldquoLa guerre sainte dans le monde islamique et dans le monde chreacutetienrdquo Revue

africaine 792 (1936) 605ndash623 Cardini Franco ldquoLa guerra santa nella cristianitagraverdquo ldquoMilitia Christirdquo e crociata nei secoli

XIndashXIII [Atti della undecima settimana internazionale di studio Mendola 28 agosto-1 settembre 1989] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1992) 387ndash399

Chenu MD ldquoLrsquoeacutevolution de la theacuteologie de la guerre justerdquo La Parole de Dieu vol 2 (Paris Editions du Cerf 1964) 571ndash592 Tr (Denis Hickey) ldquoEvolution of the theology of warrdquo Faith and Theology (New York MacMillan 1968) 201ndash218

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquoIdeacutee de guerre agrave la fin du moyen acircge Aspects juridiques eteacutethiquesrdquo [Acadeacutemie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Comptes-rendus janvier-mars 1979] (Paris Klincksieck 1979) 70ndash86

Contamine Philippe ldquoLa theacuteologie de la guerre agrave la fin du moyen acircge La guerre de cent ans fut-elle une guerre justerdquo Jeanne drsquoArc Une Eacutepoque un rayonnement [Colloque drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevale Orleacuteans octobre 1979] (Paris CNRS 1982) 9ndash21

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Conti Abd al Latif ldquoIl jihad nel mondo musulmano alla fine dellrsquo XI secolo Teoria e applicazionerdquo Il concilio di Piacenza e le crociate (Piacenza TipLeCo 1996) 317ndash325

Coupland Simon ldquoThe rod of godrsquos wrath or the people of godrsquos wrath The Carolingiansrsquo theology of the Viking invasionsrdquo Journal of Ecclesiasical History 42 (1991) 535ndash554

Cowdrey HEJ ldquoThe genesis of the crusades The springs of western ideas of holy warrdquo The Holy War TPMurphy ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1974)9ndash32

Cram Kurt-Georg Iudicium Belli Zum Rechtscharakter des Krieges im deutschenMittelalter [Beihefte zum Archiv fuumlr Kulturgeschichte Heft 5] (Muumlnster amp Koumlln Boumlhlau 1955)

Cross JE ldquoThe ethic of war in Old Englishrdquo England before the Conquest Studiespresented to Dorothy Whitelock Peter Clemoes et al eds (Cambridge CambridgeUniversity Press 1971) 269ndash282

Ebbesen Sten ldquoJust Warrdquo War and Peace in the Middle Ages (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 179ndash194

Erdmann Carl Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (Stuttgart WKohlhammer 1935 Rp 1955) Tr (Marshall WBaldwin amp Walter Goffart) The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (Princeton Princeton University Press 1977)

Even PAdam ldquoLes fonctions militaires des heacuterauts drsquoarmes Leur influence sur le deacuteveloppement de lrsquoheacuteraldiquerdquo Archives heacuteraldiques suisses 71 (1957) 2ndash33

Fehr Hans ldquoDas Waffenrecht des Bauern im Mittelalterrdquo Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung fuumlr Rechtsgeschichte Germanistische Abteilung 35 (1914) 111ndash211

Flori Jean ldquoGuerre sainte et reacutetributions spirituelles dans la 2e moitieacute du XIe siegraveclerdquo Revue drsquohistoire eccleacutesiastique 84 no 3ndash4 (1990) 617ndash649

Fournier Paul ldquoLa prohibition par le IIe concile de Latran drsquoarmes jugeacutees trop meutriegraveresrdquo Revue geacuteneacuterate de droit international public 23 (1916) 471ndash479

Gilchrist John ldquoThe lordsrsquo war as the proving ground of faith Pope Innocent III and the propagation of violence 1198ndash1216rdquo Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century SyriaMaya Shatzmiller ed (Leiden Brill 1992) 65ndash83

Greene Thomas M ldquoRenaissance warfare A metaphor in conflictrdquo The Holy WarTPMurphy ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1976) 157ndash180

Hehl Ernst-Dieter Kirche und Krieg im 12 Jahrhundert Studien zu kanonischem Rechtund politischer Wirklichkeit [Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters Bd 19](Stuttgart Anton Hiersemann 1980)

The Holy War Thomas PMurphy ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1976) Hubrecht Georges ldquoLa lsquojuste guerrersquo dans le deacutecret de Gratienrdquo Studia Gratiana 3

(1955) 161ndash177 Hubrecht Georges ldquoLa juste guerre dans la doctrine chreacutetienne des origines au milieu du

XVIe siegraveclerdquo La Paix [Recueils de la Socieacuteteacute Jean Bodin 15] (Bruxelles Editions dela librairie encyclopeacutedique 1961) vol II 107ndash123

Johnson James T The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions (University Park Pennsylvania State University Press 1997)

Johnson James T Ideology Reason and the Limitation of War Religious and Secular

The laws of war 154

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Concepts 1200ndash1740 (Princeton Princeton University Press 1975) Johnson James T Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War A Moral and Historical

Inquiry (Princeton Princeton University Press 1981) Jurji Edward J ldquoThe Islamic theory of warrdquo Moslem World 30 (1940) 332ndash342 Keen Maurice H The Laws of War in the late Middle Ages (London Routledge amp

Kegan Paul 1965) Laurent V ldquoLrsquoideacutee de guerre sainte et la tradition byzantinerdquo Revue historique du sud-

est europeacuteen 23 (1946) 71ndash98 The Laws of War Constraints on Warfare in the Western World Michael E Howard

George Andreopoulos amp Mark RShulman eds (New Haven Yale University Press 1994)

Leclercq Jean ldquoLrsquoattitude spirituelle de St Bernard devant la guerrerdquo Collectanea cisterciensia 36 (1974) 195ndash225

Leyser Karl ldquoEarly medieval canon law and the beginnings of knighthoodrdquo Institutionen Kultur und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter Festschrift fuumlr Josef Fleckenstein(Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1984) 549ndash566

Lotter Friedrich Die Konzeption des Wendenkreuzzugs Ideengeschichtlichekirchengeschichtliche und historisch-politische Voraussetzungen der Missionierungvon Elb- und Ostseeslawen um die Mitte des 12 Jahrhunderts [Vortraumlgeund Forschungen Sonderband 23] (Sigmaringen Thorbecke 1977)

Mantovani Mauro Bellum Iustum Die Idee des gerechten Krieges in der roumlmischen Kaiserzeit [Geist und Werk der Zeiten no77] (Bern Peter Lang 1990)

Markus RA ldquoSaint Augustinersquos views on the lsquojust warrsquordquo Studies in Church History 20 (1983) 1ndash14

Meron Thomas Henryrsquos Wars and Shakespearersquos Laws Perspectives on the Law of Warin the Later Middle Ages (Oxford Oxford University Press 1994)

Morisi Anna La Guerra nel pensiero cristiano dalle origini alle crociate [Pubblicazioni della facoltagrave di lettere e filosofia dellrsquo Universitagrave di Milano 29] (Firenze Sansoni 1963)

Muldoon James ldquoA fifteenth-century application of the canonistic theory of the justwarrdquo Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Medieval Canon Law (Roma Biblioteca apostolica vaticana 1976) 467ndash480

Noth Albrecht Heiliger Krieg und heiliger Kampf in Islam und Christentum Beitraumlgezur Vorgeschichte und Geschichte der Kreuzzuumlge [Bonner historische Forschungen Bd 28] (Bonn Roumlhrscheid 1966)

Oikonomides Nicolas ldquoThe concept of holy war and two tenth-century Byzantine ivoriesrdquo Peace and War in Byzantium (Washington DC Catholic University ofAmerica 1995) 62ndash86

Partner Peter God of Battles Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam (Princeton Princeton University Press 1998)

Pietzcker Frank ldquoDie Schlacht bei Fontenroy 841 Rechtsformen im Krieg des fruumlhen Mittelaltersrdquo Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung fuumlr Rechtsgeschichte Germanistische Abteilung 81 (1964) 318ndash340

Pissard Hippolyte La Guerre sainte en pays chreacutetien Essai sur lrsquoorigine et le deacuteveloppement des theacuteories canoniques (Paris APicard 1912)


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Powers James F ldquoThe creative interaction between Portuguese and Leonese municipalmilitary law 1055ndash1279rdquo Speculum 62 (1987) 53ndash80

Regout Robert La Doctrine de la guerre juste de Saint Augustin agrave nos jours drsquoapregraves les theacuteologiens et les canonistes catholiques (Paris APedone 1935)

Renna Thomas ldquoMonastic attitudes toward war 850ndash1150rdquo Michigan Academician(1980) 417ndash421

Repgen Konrad Kriegslegitimationen in Alteuropa Entwurf einer historischenTypologie (Muumlnchen Oldenbourg 1985)

Robinson IS ldquoGregory VII and the soldiers of Christrdquo History 58 (1973) 169ndash192 Rondinini Gigliola Soldi ldquoIl diritto di guerra in Italia nel secolo XVrdquo Nuova rivista

storica 48 (1964) 275ndash306 Russell Frederick H ldquoInnocent IVrsquos proposal to limit warfarerdquo Proceedings of the 4th

International Congress of Medieval Canon Law (Roma Biblioteca apostolica vaticana 1976) 383ndash399

Russell Frederick H The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1975)

Russell Frederick H ldquoLove and hate in medieval warfare The contribution of St Augustinerdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 31 (1987) 108ndash124

Schmandt Raymond H ldquoThe fourth crusade and the just-war theoryrdquo Catholic Historical Review 61 (1975) 191ndash221

Seidel Linda V ldquoHoly warriors The romanesque rider and the fight against Islamrdquo The Holy War TPMurphy ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1976) 33ndash77

Sicard G ldquoPaix et guerre dans le droit canon du XIIe siegraveclerdquo Paix de dieu et guerre sainte Languedoc au XIIIe siegravecle Cahiers de Fanjeaux 4 (1969) 72ndash90

Stacey Robert C ldquoThe age of chivalryrdquo The Laws of War Constraints on Warfare in the Western World Michael Howard George JAndreopoulos amp Mark RShulman eds(New Haven Yale University Press 1994) 27ndash39

Swift Louis J The Early Fathers on War and Military Service (Wilmington DelMichael Glazier 1983)

Synan Edward A ldquoSt Thomas Aquinas and the profession of armsrdquo Medieval Studies50 (1988) 404ndash437

Tooke Joan D The Just War in Aquinas and Grotius (London Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 1965)

Vaccari Pietro La territorialitagrave come base dellrsquo ordinamento giuridico del contado nellrsquoItalia medioevale 2d ed (Milano Antonino Giuffregrave 1963)

Vanderpol Alfred La Doctrine scolastique du droit de guerre (Paris APedone 1919) Vanderpol Alfred Le Droit de guerre drsquoapregraves les theacuteologiens et les canonistes du moyen

acircge (Paris ATralin 1911) Vincenzo Ahmad Abd al Walyy ldquoLo jihad islamico nellrsquoXI secolo Teoria e

applicazionerdquo Il concilio di Piacenza e le crociate (Piacenza TipLeCo 1996) 297ndash316

Vismara Giulio ldquoProblemi storici e istituti giuridici della guerra alto-medievalerdquo Settimane di Studio 15 (Spoleto CISAM 1968) vol 2 1127ndash1200

Watt WMontgomery ldquoIslamic conceptions of the holy warrdquo The Holy War TP Murphy ed (Columbus Ohio State University Press 1976) 141ndash156

The laws of war 156

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

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120

19

May

201

6

Wright NAR ldquoThe Tree of Battles of Honoreacute Bouvet and the laws of warrdquo War Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976) 12ndash31


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

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Uni

vers

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ce]

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120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 16 War and Literature

Aragoacuten Fernaacutendez MAurora ldquoFoacutermulas sobre el armamento en los cantares de gesta y novelas del siglo XIIIrdquo Studia in honorem Prof Mde Riquer 3 vols (Barcelona Quaderns Crema 1986ndash1988) vol 2 487ndash510

Arden Heather ldquoThe slings and arrows of outrageous love in the Romance de la Roserdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 191ndash206

Armistead Samuel G ldquoLa furia guerrera en dos textos eacutepicos castellanosrdquo Studia in honorem Prof Mde Riquer 3 vols (Barcelona Quaderns Crema 1986ndash1988) vol 2 255ndash269

Ashcroft Jeffrey ldquoMiles dei-Gotes Ritter Konradrsquos Rolandslied and the evolution of the concept of Christian chivalryrdquo Forum for Modern Language Studies 17 (1981) 146ndash166

Attahiri Mohamed Kriegsgedichte zur Zeit der Almohaden [Heidelbergerorientalistische Studien Bd 20] (Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang 1992)

Austin NJE Ammianus on Warfare An Investigation into Ammianusrsquo Military Knowledge [Collection Latomus 165] (Bruxelles Latomus 1979)

Ayton Andrew ldquoMilitary service and the development of the Robin Hood legend in thefourteenth centuryrdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 36 (1992) 127ndash147

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoProcopius Agathias and the Frankish militaryrdquo Speculum 45 (1970) 435ndash441

Bancourt Paul ldquolsquoSenrsquo et lsquochevaleriersquo Reflexions sur la tactique des chevaliers dansplusieurs chansons de geste des XIIendashXIIIe siegraveclesrdquo [Socieacuteteacute Rencesvals Actes du VIe

congregraves] (Aix-en-Provence 1974) 621ndash637 Batany Jean ldquoDu bellator au chevalier dans le scheacutema des lsquotrois ordresrsquo eacutetude

seacutemantiquerdquo La Guerre et la paix (Pads Bibliothegraveque nationale 1978) 23ndash34 Bell Alexander ldquoNotes on Gaimarrsquos military vocabularyrdquo Medium Aevum 40 (1971)

93ndash103 Bennett Matthew ldquoWace and warfarerdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 11 (1988) 37ndash57 Bitter Norbert Kampfschilderungen bei Ammianus Marcellinus [Habelts

Dissertationsdrucke Heft 23] (Bonn Rudolf Habelt 1976) Bonnassie Pierre ldquoLes descriptions de forteresses dans le livre des miracles de Sainte

Foy de Conquesrdquo Meacutelanges drsquoarcheacuteologie et drsquohistoire meacutedieacutevales en lrsquohonneur du doyen Michel de Bouumlard (Genegraveve Droz 1982) 17ndash26

Borgmann Ulrike Von Lindisfarne bis Hastings Kampf und Kriegskunst in derangelsaumlchsischen Chronik [Literatur Imagination Realitaumlt Bd 8] (Trier Wissenschaftlicher Verlag 1993)

Bornstein Diane ldquoMilitary strategy in Malory and Vegetiusrsquo De re militarirdquo Comparative Literature Studies 9 (1972) 123ndash129

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Brady Caroline ldquoWeapons in Beowulf An analysis of the nominal compounds and anevaluation of the poetrsquos use of themrdquo Anglo-Saxon England 8 (1979) 79ndash141

Bromiley Geoffrey N ldquoPhilip of Novararsquos account of the war between Frederick II ofHohenstaufen and the Ibelinsrdquo Journal of Medieval History 3 (1977) 325ndash337

Chibnall Marjorie ldquoFeudal society in Orderic Vitalisrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 1 (1978) 35ndash48

Clark George ldquoBeowulfrsquos armourrdquo Journal of English Literature and History 32 (1965) 409ndash441

Contamine Philippe ldquoFroissart art militaire pratique et conception de la guerrerdquo Froissart Historian JJNPalmer ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) 132ndash144

Contamine Philippe ldquoJoinville acteur et spectateur de la guerre drsquooutremerrdquo Le Prince et son historien La Vie de Saint Louis de Joinville Jean Dufournet amp Laurence Harf eds (Paris Honoreacute Champion 1997) 33ndash49

Courcelle Pierre Histoire litteacuteraire des grandes invasions germaniques 3d ed (Paris Eacutetudes Augustiniennes 1964)

Crump Garry A Ammianus Marcellinus as a Military Historian [Historia Einzelschriften Heft 27] (Wiesbaden Franz Steiner 1975)

Debord Andreacute ldquoCastrum et castellum chez Adeacutemar de Chabannesrdquo Archeacuteologie meacutedieacutevale 9 (1979) 97ndash113

Emden Wolfgang van ldquoThe castle in some works of medieval French literaturerdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 1ndash26

Evans Stephen S The Lords of Battle Image and Reality of the Comitatus in Dark-AgeBritain (Woodbridge Boydell 1998)

Flori Jean ldquoDe la chevalerie feacuteodale agrave la chevalerie chreacutetienne La notion de service chevaleresque dans les tregraves anciennes chansons de geste franccedilaisesrdquo ldquoMilitia Christirdquo e crociata nei secoli XIndashXIII [Atti della undecima setti-mana internazionale di studio Mendola 28 agosto-1 settembre 1989] (Milano Vita e Pensiero 1992) 67ndash101

Flori Jean ldquoLa notion de chevalerie dans les chansons de geste du XIIe siegravecle Eacutetude historique du vocabulairerdquo Le Moyen Acircge 81 (1975)211ndash244

Flori Jean ldquoPur eshalcier sainte crestieumlnteacute Croisade guerre sainte et guerre juste dansles anciennes chansons de geste franccedilaisesrdquo Le Moyen Acircge 97 (1991) 171ndash187

France John ldquoWar and christendom in the thought of Rodulfus Glaberrdquo Studia Monastica 30 (1988) 105ndash119

Froissart Historian JJNPalmer ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1981) Gaier Claude ldquoA la recherche drsquoune escrime deacutecisive de la lance chevaleresque Le

lsquocoup de fautrersquo selon Giselbert de Mons 1168rdquo Femmes Manages Linages XIIendashXIVe siegravecles [Meacutelanges offerts agrave Georges Duby] (Bruxelles De Boeck 1992) 177ndash196

Gaines Barry ldquoMaloryrsquos castles in text and illustrationrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 215ndash228

Giese Wilhem ldquoWaffen der Araber und Tuumlrken in katalanischen Texten des XIII bisXV Jahrhundertsrdquo Estudis de llengua i literatura catalenes oferts a RAramon i Serra[Estudis Universitaris Catalans 23] (Barcelona Curial Edicions Catalenes 1979) vol 1 237ndash241

Giese Wilhelm ldquoWaffen nach den provenzalischen Epen und Chroniken des XII und

War and literature 160

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

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efen

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

XIII Jahrhundertsrdquo Zeitschrift fuumlr romanische Philologie 52 (1932) 351ndash405 Giese Wilhelm Waffen nach der spanischen Literatur des 12 und 13 Jahrhunderts

[Mitteilungen und Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet der romanischen Philologie Bd VI] (Hamburg Seminar fuumlr romanische Sprache und Kultur 1925)

Gilbert Felix ldquoMachiavelli the renaissance of the art of warrdquo Makers of Modern Strategy Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler Edward MEarle ed (Princeton Princeton University Press 1943 Rp 1952) 3ndash25

Gillingham John ldquoWar and chivalry in the History of William the Marshalrdquo Thirteenth-Century England PRCoss amp SDLloyd eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1988) 1ndash13

Gist Margaret A Love and War in the Middle English Romances (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1947)

Gitton Bernard ldquoDe lrsquoemploi des chansons de geste pour entrainer les guerriers aucombatrdquo La chanson de geste et le mythe carolingien Meacutelanges Reneacute Louis vol 1 (St Pierre-sous-Veacutezelay Museacutee archeacuteologique 1982) 3ndash19

Goumlller Karl Heinz ldquoWar and peace in the Middle English romances and Chaucerrdquo Warand Peace in the Middle Ages (Koslashbenhavn CAReitzel 1987) 118ndash145

Gouiran Geacuterard Le seigneur-troubadour drsquoHautefort Lrsquooeuvre de Bertran de Born(Aix-en-Provence Universiteacute de Provence 1987)

Guerre in ottava rima 4 vols Rolando Bussi ed (Modena Panini 1989) Hale JR ldquoTo fortify or not to fortify Machiavellirsquos contribution to a renaissance

debaterdquo Renaissance War Studies (London Hambledon 1983) 189ndash229 Hale JR ldquoIndustria del libro e cultura militare a Venezia nel rinascimentordquo Storia delta

cultura veneta dal primo quattrocento al concilio di Trento vol 2 Tr (Girolamo Arnaldi) (Vicenza Neri Pozza 1980) 245ndash288

Harbison Peter ldquoNative Irish arms and armour in medieval Gaelic literature 1170ndash1600rdquo Irish Sword 12 (1975ndash1976) 173ndash199 270ndash284

Harney Michael ldquoSiege warfare in medieval hispanic epic and romancerdquo The MedievalCity under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 177ndash190

Hatto AT ldquoArchery and chivalry A noble prejudicerdquo Modern Language Review 35 (1940) 40ndash54

Hebron Malcolm The Medieval Siege Theme and Image in Middle English Romance(Oxford Clarendon 1997)

Hendrix WS ldquoMilitary tactics in the Poem of the Cidrsquordquo Modern Philology 20 (1922) 45ndash48

Herben Stephen J Jr ldquoArms and armor in Chaucerrdquo Speculum 12 (1937) 475ndash487 Hermann John P Allegories of War Language and Violence in Old English Poetry

(Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press 1989) Hobohm Martin Machiavellirsquos Renaissance der Kriegskunst 2 vols (Berlin Karl

Curtius 1913) Houdeville Michelle ldquoUne arme eacutetrange dans la Chanson de Rolandrdquo De lrsquoeacutetranger agrave

lrsquoeacutetrange ou la conjointure de la merveille (Aix-en-Provence Centre universitaire drsquoeacutetudes et de recherches meacutedieacutevales drsquoAix 1988) 245ndash253

Hunt Tony ldquoThe emergence of the knight in France and England 1000ndash1200rdquo Knighthood in Medieval Literature WHJackson ed (Woodbridge Boydell 1981)1ndash22 Rp Forum for Modern Language Studies 17 (1981) 93ndash114


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Jaumlger Georg Aspekte des Krieges und der Chevalerie im XIV Jahrhundert inFrankreich Untersuchungen zu Jean Froissarts Chroniques [Geist und Werk der Zeiten no 60] (Bern Peter Lang 1981)

Jones Martin ldquoThe depiction of battle in Wolfram von Eschenbachrsquos Willehalmrdquo The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood vol 2 [Papers from the third Strawberry Hill Conference 1986 Christopher Harper-Bill amp Ruth Harvey eds] (WoodbridgeBoydell 1988) 46ndash69

Jones Terry Chaucerrsquos Knight The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary (Baton Rouge Louisiana State University 1980)

Kaegi WE ldquoProcopius the military historianrdquo Byzantinische Zeitschrift 15 (1990) 53ndash85

Knighthood in Medieval Literature WHJackson ed (Woodbridge DS Brewer 1981) Legge Dominica ldquoOsbercs dublez The description of armour in twelfth-century

chansons de gesterdquo Socieacuteteacute Rencesvals Proceedings of the 5th InternationalConference (Salford University of Salford 1977) 132ndash142

Loganbill Dean ldquoThe contrast between the Chevalier Bayard a chivalric knight andGiovanni dersquo Medici a pragmatic captainrdquo Chivalric Literature Essays on the Relations between Literature and Life in the late Middle Ages Larry D Benson amp John Leyerle eds (Kalamazoo Mich Medieval Institute 1980) 117ndash129

Lynch Andrew Maloryrsquos Book of Arms The Narrative of Combat in Le Morte Darthur(Cambridge DSBrewer 1997)

Mason Emma ldquoThe herorsquos invincible weapon An aspect of Angevin propagandardquo The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood vol 3 [Papers from the fourth Strawberry Hill conference 1988 Christopher Harper-Bill amp Ruth Harvey eds] (Woodbridge Boydell 1990) 121ndash137

Matucci Andrea ldquoStorici e battaglie a Firenzerdquo Renaissance Studies in honor of CraigHugh Smyth 2 vols Andrew Morrogh ed (Firenze Giunti Barbera 1985) vol 1163ndash175

Mongeau Reneacute GB ldquoThirteenth-century siege weapons and machines in LrsquoArt de Chevalerierdquo Allegorica 7 (1982) 123ndash143

Murrin Michael History and Warfare in Renaissance Epic (Chicago University ofChicago Press 1994 Pb 1997)

Nicolle David ldquoArmes et armures dans les eacutepopeacutees des croisadesrdquo Les Eacutepopeacutees des Croisades KHBender amp HKleacuteber eds [Zeitschrift fuumlr franzoumlsische Sprache und Literatur Beiheft 11] (Stuttgart Franz Steiner 1987) 17ndash34

Patterson Linda ldquoKnights and the concept of knighthood in the twelfth-century Occitan epicrdquo Forum for Modern Language Studies 17 (1981) 115ndash130

Porter Elizabeth ldquoChaucerrsquos knight the alliterative Morte Arthure and medieval laws ofWar A Reconsiderationrdquo Nottingham Medieval Studies 27 (1983) 56ndash78

Putz Hans Henning Die Darstellung der Schlacht in mittelhochdeutschen Erzaumlhldichtungen von 1150 bis um 1250 (Hamburg HBuske 1971)

Reed James ldquoThe ballad and the source Some literary reflections on lsquothe Battle ofOtterburnrsquordquo War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages (London Routledge 1992) 94ndash123

Ross David ldquoBreaking a lancerdquo Guillaume drsquoOrange and the ldquochanson de Gesterdquo


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Wolfgang van Emden amp Philip EBennett eds (Reading University Press 1984) 127ndash135

Schaumlfer-Maulbetsch Rose B Studien zur Entwicklung des mittelhochdeutschen EposDie Kampfschilderung in Kaiserchronik Rolandslied Alexanderlied Eneide Leit von Troye und Willehalm (Goumlppingen Kuumlmmerle 1972)

Settia Aldo A ldquoIsta maledictio guerrarum Il fenomeno bellico nella cronica diSalimbene da Parmardquo Salimbeniana [Atti de convegno per il VII centenario di fra Salimbene Parma 1987ndash1988] (Bologna Radio Tau 1991) 229ndash239

Strickland Matthew ldquoArms and the men War loyalty and lordship in Jordan Fantosmersquos chroniclerdquo The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood vol 4 [Papers from the fifth Strawberry Hill conference 1990 Christopher Harper-Bill amp Ruth Harvey eds] (Woodbridge Boydell 1992) 187ndash220

Trotter DA Medieval French Literature and the Crusades 1100ndash1300 (Genegraveve Droz 1988)

Vallecalle Jean-Claude ldquoRemarques sur lrsquoemploi des machines de siegravege dans quelques chansons de gesterdquo Meacutelanges de langue et de litteacuterature franccedilaises du moyen acircgeofferts agrave Pierre Jonin (Aix-en-Provence Universiteacute de Provence 1979) 689ndash702

Verrier Freacutedeacuterique Les armes de Minerve LrsquoHumanisme militaire dans lrsquoItalie du XVIe siegravecle (Paris Presses de lrsquoUniversiteacute de Paris-Sorbonne 1997)

War Literature and the Arts in Sixteenth-Century Europe JRMulryne amp Margaret Shewring eds (New York St Martinrsquos 1989)

Wathelet-Willem Jeanne ldquoLrsquoeacutepeacutee dans les plus anciennes chansons de gestes Eacutetude de vocabulairerdquo Meacutelanges Reneacute Crozet (Poitiers Socieacuteteacute drsquoeacutetudes meacutedieacutevales 1966) vol 1 435ndash449

Werner Edeltraud ldquoDie Funktion von castel und palais in der mittelalterlichen Epik Die zwei Redaktionen des Renaut de Montaubanrdquo Burg und Schloszlig als Lebensorte in Mittelalter und Renaissance Wilhelm GBusse ed [Studia humaniora Bd 26](Duumlsseldorf Droste 1995) 147ndash185

Wetherbee Winthrop ldquoChivalry under siege in Ricardian romancerdquo The Medieval City under Siege (Woodbridge Boydell 1995) 207ndash223

Whitaker Muriel A ldquoOtherworld castles in Middle English Arthurian romancerdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 27ndash46


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 17 Military Treatises

A Bibliography of English Military Books up to 1642 Maurice JDCockle ed (London Simpkin Marshall 1900 2d ed London Holland Press 1957)

Bornstein Diane D ldquoMilitary manuals in fifteenth-century Englandrdquo Mediaeval Studies37 (1975) 469ndash477

Griechische Kriegsschriftsteller 2 vols Hermann ATKoumlchly amp Wilhelm Rustow eds (Leipzig Engelmann 1853ndash1855 Rp Osnabruumlck Biblio 1969)

Hale JR ldquoA Newberry Library supplement to the foreign books in MJD Cocklersquos lsquoA Bibliography of English Military Books up to 1642 and of contemporary Foreign Worksrsquordquo Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 45 (1961) 137ndash139

Spaulding Thomas M amp Louis CKarpinski Early Military Books in the University ofMichigan Libraries (Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press 1941)

Webb Henry J Elizabethan Military Science The Books and the Practice (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1965)

Zaky ARahman ldquoMilitary literature of the Arabsrdquo Cahiers drsquohistoire eacutegyptienne ser 7 (1955) 149ndash160

Li abregemenz noble honme Vegesce Flave Reneacute des establissemenz apartenanz a

chevalerie Traduction par Jean de Meun de Flavii Vegeti Renati Viri illustris epitoma institutorum rei militaris Lenna Loumlfstedt ed [Annales Academiae ScientiarumFennicae ser B vol 200] (Helsinki Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia 1977)

Andersson Andreas Studia Vegetiana (Uppsala Almqvist amp Wiksell 1938) Arab Archery An Arabic Manuscript of about AD 1500 ldquoA Book on the Excellence of

the Bow and Arrow and the Description thereofrdquo Nabih Amin Faris amp Robert PElmer eds (Princeton Princeton University Press 1945)

Armi e armati nellrsquoItalia dei secoli XVndashXVI Antonio GMerendoni ed (Rimini IlCerchio 1993)

LrsquoArt drsquoarcherie publieacute avec notes drsquoapregraves un manuscript du XVe siegravecle Henri Gallice ed (Paris Philippe Renouard 1901)

LrsquoArt de chevalerie Traduction du ldquoDe re militarirdquo de Veacutegegravece par Jean de Meun Ulysse Robert ed [Socieacuteteacute des anciens textes franccedilais] (Paris Firmin Didot 1897)

Aussaresses Franccedilois LrsquoArmeacutee byzantine agrave la fin du VIe siegravecle drsquoapreacutes le Strategicon de lrsquoempereur Maurice [Bibliothegraveque des universiteacutes du midi fascicule 14] (Bordeaux Feret et fils 1909)

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe practical use of Vegetiusrsquo De re militari during the early Middle Agesrdquo The Historian 47 (1985) 239ndash255

Barnes TD ldquoThe date of Vegetiusrdquo Phoenix 33 (1979) 254ndash257 Bayley Charles C War and Society in Renaissance Florence The De Militia of

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Leonardo Bruni (Toronto Toronto University Press 1961) Bennett Matthew ldquoLa regravegle du Temple as a military manual or how to deliver a cavalry

chargerdquo Studies in Medieval History presented to RAllen Brown CHarper-Bill et al eds (Woodbridge Boydell 1989) 7ndash20

The Book of Fayettes of Armes and of Chyvalrye Translated and printed by William Caxton from the French original by Christine de Pisan ATP Byles ed [EETS os 189] (London Oxford University Press 1932)

Bossuat Robert ldquoJean de Rovroy traducteur des Stratagegravemes de Frontinrdquo Bibliothegraveque drsquohumanisme et renaissance 22 (1960) 273ndash286 469ndash489

Brizzi Giovanni ldquoIl trattato de rebus bellicis e lrsquoimpiego delle artiglierie in etagrave tardoanticardquo Studi militari romani (Bologna Cooperativa libraria universitaria 1983)49ndash76

Buumlhler Curt F ldquoThe earliest appearances in print of Vegetiusrdquo Gutenberg Jahrbuch(1956) 91ndash93

Bury John ldquoEarly writings on fortifications and siegecraft 1502ndash1554rdquo Fort 13 (1985) 5ndash48

Bury John ldquoFrancisco de Holanda A little-known source for the history of fortifications in the sixteenth centuryrdquo Arquivos do centro cultural Portugueacutes 14 (1979) 163ndash202

Cahen Claude ldquoUn traiteacute drsquoarmurerie composeacute pour Saladinrdquo Bulletin drsquoeacutetudes orientales 12 (1948) 103ndash163

Certain Discourses Military by Sir John Smythe JRHale ed (Ithaca Cornell UniversityPress 1964)

Christides Vassilios ldquoTwo parallel naval guides of the tenth century Qudmarsquos documentand Leo VIrsquos Naumachica a study on Byzantine and Moslem naval preparednessrdquo Graeco-Arabica 1 (1982) 52ndash103

Contamine Philippe ldquoLrsquoart de la guerre selon Philippe de Clegraveves seigneur de Ravenstein (1456ndash1528) Innovation ou traditionrdquo Bijdragen en Medelingen betreffende Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 95 (1980) 363ndash376

Contamine Philippe ldquoThe war literature of the late Middle Ages The treatises of Robert de Balsac and Beacuteraud Stuart lord of Aubignyrdquo War Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976) 102ndash121

Coopland GW ldquoLe Jouvencel (re-visited)rdquo Symposium 5 (1951) 137ndash186 Le cose della guerra Andrea Giardina ed (Milano Arnoldo Mondadori 1989) Dain Alphonse ldquoLes strateacutegistes byzantinsrdquo Travaux et meacutemoires 2 (1967) 317ndash392 De la Croix Horst ldquoThe literature on fortification in renaissance Italyrdquo Technology and

Culture 4 (1963) 30ndash50 De rebus bellicis Pt 1 Aspects of the De Rebus bellicis MWCHassall ed Pt 2 The

text Robert Ireland ed [BAR International Seris 63] (Oxford British Archeological Reports 1979)

The Earliest English Translation of Vegetiusrsquo De Re Militari (Oxford Ms Bodl Douce 291) Geoffrey Hister ed [Middle English Texts 21] (Heidelberg Carl Winter 1988)

Fiore Francesco Paolo Cittagrave e macchine del lsquo400 nei disegni di Francesco di GiorgioMartini (Firenze Leo SOlschki 1978)

Military treatises 165

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Flavii Vegeti Renati Epitoma rei militaris Carl Lang ed (Leipzig Teubner 1869 2ded 1885)

Flavius Vegetius Renatus Epitoma Rei Militaris Leo FStelten ed (Bern Peter Lang1990)

Frontin Kriegslisten (Strategematon) Gerhard Bendz ed [Schriften und Quellen deralten Welt Bd 10] (Berlin Akademie-Verlag 1963)

Gallinoni Giuseppina ldquoDi un trattato militare inedito del secolo XVrdquo Rivista storica italiana 40 (1938) 87ndash90

Goffart Walter ldquoThe date and purpose of Vegetiusrsquo De re militarirdquo Traditio 33 (1977) 65ndash100

Goldbrunner Hermann M ldquoLeonardo Brunis De militia Bemerkungen zur handschriftlichen Uumlberlieferungrdquo Quellen und Forchungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 46 (1966) 478ndash487

Hagenmeyer Christa ldquoKriegswissenschaftliche Texte des ausgehenden 15 JahrhundertsTijdschrift voor moderne Filologie 56 (1967) 169ndash197

Hale JR ldquoThe argument of some military title pages of the renaissancerdquo Newberry Library Bulletin 6 (1964) 91ndash102

Heller Edmund K ldquoLudwig Hohenwangrsquos Von der Ritterschaft An evaluation and a survey of his military and naval termsrdquo University of California Publications inModern Philology 36 (1952) 173ndash183

ldquoHistoire des machines de guerre et des arts meacutecaniques au moyen acircge Le livre drsquoun ingeacutenieur militaire agrave la fin du XIVe siegraveclerdquo Marcellin Berthelot ed Annales de chimie et de physique ser 7 19 (1900) 289ndash420

Huygens RBC ldquoUn nouveau texte du traiteacute lsquoDe constructione castri Saphetrsquordquo Studi medievali 3d ser 6 (1965) 355ndash387

The ldquoInstructions sur le Faict de la Guerrerdquo of Raymond de Beccarie de Pavie Sieur de Fourquevaux Gladys Dickinson ed (London Athlone Press 1954)

Iuli Frontini Strategemata Robert IIreland ed (Leipzig Teubner 1990) Le Jouvencel par Jean de Bueil suivi du commentaire de Guillaume Tringant 2 vols

Camille Favre amp Leacuteon Lecestre eds [Socieacutete de lrsquohistoire de France 233 242] (Paris Renouard 1887ndash1889)

Knyghthode and Bataile A XVth-century verse paraphrase of Flavius Renatusrsquo Treatise De re militari RDyboski amp ZMArend eds (Oxford Early English Text Society1935 Rp New York Kraus 1971)

Kyeser aus Eichtstaumltt Conrad Bellifortis 2 vols Goumltz Quarg ed (Dusseldorf Verlag des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure 1967)

Lammert Friedrich ldquoDie aumllteste erhaltene Schrift uumlber Seetaktik und ihre Beziehung zum Anonymus Byzantinus des 6 Jahrhunderts zu Vegetius und zu Aineiasrsquo Strategikardquo Klio 33 (1941) 271ndash288

Latham JD amp WFPaterson ldquoAn analysis of arrow-weights in an Islamic military manualrdquo Journal of Semitic Studies 10 (1965) 253ndash261

Legge MDominica ldquoThe Lord Edwardrsquos Vegetiusrdquo Scriptorium 7 (1953) 262ndash265 The Life and Campaigns of the Black Prince Richard Barber ed (Woodbridge Boydell

1986) Le Livre de lrsquoart de chevalerie de Vegesce Traduction anonyme de 1380 Leena Loumlfstedt


Dow

nloa

ded

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Uni

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

et al eds [Annales academiae scientiarum Fennicae ser B 236] (HelsinkiSuomalainen Tiedeakatemia 1989)

Le livre drsquoun ingeacutenieur militaire agrave la fin du XIVe siegravecle (Conrad Kyeser Bellifortis) Journal des Savants (1900) 1ndash15 85ndash94

Li Livres Flave Vegece de la chose de chevalerie par Jean de Vignay Leena Loumlfstedt ed [Annales academiae scientiarum Fennicae ser B 214] (Helsinki Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia 1982)

Mariano Taccola and his book De Ingeneis Frank DPrager amp Gustina Scaglia eds (Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press 1972)

Martini Francesco di Giorgio Trattati di architettura ingegneria e arte militare 2 vols Corrado Maltese ed (Milano Polifilo 1967)

Mauricersquos Strategikon Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy George T Dennis ed (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press 1984)

Mauricius Arta Militara Haralambie Mih escu ed (Bucaresti Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania 1970)

McGeer Eric Sowing the Dragonrsquos Teeth Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century[Dumbarton Oaks Studies 33] (Washington DC Dumbarton Oaks 1995)

Meyer Paul ldquoLes anciens traducteurs franccedilais de Veacutegegravece et en particulier Jean de Vignairdquo Romania 25 (1896)401ndash423

Mih escu Haralambie ldquoLes termes de commandement militaires latins dans leStrategicon de Mauricerdquo Revue roumaine de linguistique 14 (1969) 261ndash272

A Muslim Manual of War being Tafrij al-Kur b fi Tadbir al-Hur b George T Scanlon ed (Cairo American University 1961)

Nishimura David ldquoCrossbows arrow-guides and the Solenarionrdquo Byzantion 58 (1988) 422ndash434

Pieri Piero ldquoIl lsquoGoverno et exercitio de la militiarsquo di Orso degli Orsini e i lsquomemorialirsquo di Diomede Carafardquo Archivio storico per le provincie napoletane 19 (1933) 99ndash212

Pseudo-Kodinos Traiteacute des offices Jean Verpeaux ed [Le monde byzantin] (Paris CNRS 1976)

Reverseau Jean-Pierre ldquoLrsquohabit de guerre des franccedilais en 1446 Le manuscrit anonyme fr 1997 de la Bibliothegraveque Nationalerdquo Gazette des Beaux-Arts 93 (1979) 179ndash198

A Roman Reformer and Inventor being a new Text of the Treatie De Rebus BellicisEdward AThompson ed (Oxford Clarendon 1952)

Saracen Archery An English Version and Exposition of a Mameluke Work on Archeryca AD 1368 JDLatham amp WFPaterson eds (London Holland Press 1970)

Schenk Dankfrid Flavius Vegetius Renatus Die Quellen der Epitoma Rei Militaris[Klio Beiheft 22] (Leipzig Dieterich 1930 Rp Aalen Scientia Verlag 1963)

Settia Aldo A ldquoI carri armati di mastro Guintelmo Una tappa della tecnologia militare fra antichitagrave e rinascimentordquo Cultura e societagrave nellrsquoItalia medievale Studi per Paolo Brezzi (Roma Istituto storica italiano per il medio evo 1988) vol 2 763ndash774

Shatzmiller Maya ldquoThe crusades and Islamic warfare A re-evaluationrdquo Der Islam 69 (1992) 247ndash288

Sherwood Foster H Studies in the Medieval Users of Vegetiusrsquo Epitoma Rei Militaris[University of California Los Angeles PhD dissertation 1980] (Ann Arbor University Microfilms 1984)


Dow

nloa

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Uni

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Shrader Charles R ldquoA handlist of extant manuscripts containing the De Re Militari ofFlavius Vegetius Renatusrdquo Scriptorium 33 (1979) 280ndash305

Shrader Charles R ldquoThe influence of Vegetiusrsquo De re militarirdquo Military Affairs 45 (1981) 167ndash172

Shrader Charles R The Ownership and Distribution of Manuscripts of the De ReMilitari of Flavius Vegetius Renatus before the Year 1300 [Columbia University PhD dissertation 1976] (Ann Arbor University Microfilms 1983)

Simms DL ldquoArchimedes and the invention of artillery and gunpowderrdquo Technology and Culture 28 (1987) 67ndash79

Smith GRex Medieval Muslim Horsemanship A Fourteenth-Century Arabic Cavalry Manual (London British Library 1979)

Springer Matthias ldquoVegetius im Mittelalterrdquo Philologus 123 (1979) 85ndash90 Taccola Mariano De rebus militaribus Eberhard Knobloch ed amp tr [Saecula Spiritalia

Bd II] (Baden-Baden Valentin Koerner 1984) Tantum G ldquoMuslim warfare A study of a medieval muslim treatise on the art of warrdquo

Islamic Arms and Armour RElgood ed (London Scolar 1979) al-Tarsusi Mardi ibn ali Contribution agrave lrsquoeacutetude de lrsquoarcherie musulmane principalement

drsquoapregraves le manuscript drsquoOxford Bodleienne Huntington 264 Antonine Boudot-Lamotte ed (Damascus Institut franccedilais 1968)

Thorpe Lewis ldquoMastre Richard a thirteenth-century translation of the De re militari ofVegetiusrdquo Scriptorium 6 (1952) 39ndash50

Three Byzantine Military Treatises George TDennis ed (Washington DC DumbartonOaks 1985)

Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions JFHaldon ed and tr (Wien Verlagder oumlsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1990)

Tractatus de bello de represaliis et de duello by Giovanni da Legnano Thomas E Holland ed (Washington DC Carnegie Institution 1917)

Le Traiteacute Iranien de lrsquoArt Militaire Adab al-Harb Wa-s-sagarsquoa du XIIIe siegravecle Ananiasz Zajaczkowski ed (Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1969)

Traiteacute sur lrsquoart de la guerre de Beacuterault Stuart seigneur drsquoAubigny Eacutelie de Comminges ed [Archives internationales drsquohistorie des ideacutees 85] (Gravenhage Martinus Nijhoff 1976)

Le Traiteacute sur la guerilla (de Velitatione) de lrsquoempereur Niceacutephore Phocas (963ndash969)Gilbert Dagron amp Haralambie Mih escu eds [Le monde byzantin] (Paris CNRS 1986)

The Tree of Battles of Honoreacute Bonet GWCoopland ed (Cambridge HarvardUniversity Press 1949)

Valturio Roberto De re militari (Verona Joannes Nicolai 1472 2d ed Verona Boninus de Boninis 1483) Tr (Loys Meigret) Les douze livres de Robert Valturin touchant la discipline militaire (Paris Charles Perier 1555)

I Volti della guerra Antiche edizioni di arte militare [Catalogo della mostra della biblioteca municipale] FGhiacci ed (Reggio Emilia FPrampolini 1985)

White Lynn Jr ldquoKyeserrsquos lsquoBellifortisrsquo the first technological treatise of the fifteenthcenturyrdquo Technology and Culture 10 (1969) 436ndash441

Willard Charity C ldquoChristine de Pizanrsquos treatise on the art of medieval warfarerdquo Essays


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

in honor of Louis FSolano RJCormier amp UTHolmes eds (Chapel Hill University ofNorth Carolina Press 1970) 179ndash191

Wisman Josette A ldquoLrsquoepitoma rei militaris de Veacutegegravece et sa fortune au moyen acircgerdquo LeMoyen Acircge 85 (1979) 13ndash31

Wright NAR ldquoThe lsquoTree of Battlesrsquo of Honoreacute Bouvet and the laws of warrdquo War Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages CTAllmand ed (Liverpool Liverpool University Press 1976) 12ndash31

Zaky Abdur Rahman ldquoMilitary literature of the Arabsrdquo Islamic Culture 30 (1956) 163ndash172

Zuckerman Constantine ldquoThe military compendium of Syrianus Magisterrdquo Jahrbuch der oumlsterreichische Byzantinistik 40 (1990) 209ndash224


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 18 Warfare Illustrated

Alexander JJG ldquoIdeological representation of military combat in Anglo-Norman artrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 15 (1992) 1ndash24

Bachrach Bernard S ldquoThe combat sculptures at Fulk Nerrarsquos lsquoBattle Abbeyrsquo c 1005ndash1012rdquo Haskins Society Journal 3 (1991) 63ndash80

Bernini Pezzini Grazia Il fregio dellrsquoarte della guerra nel palazzo ducale di Urbino(Roma Libreria delle Stato 1985)

Brown Elizabeth AR amp Michael WCothren ldquoThe twelfth-century crusading window ofthe abbey of Saint-Denisrdquo Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 49 (1986) 1ndash40

Canestrini Giovanni Arte militare meccanica medievale (Milano Toninelli 1946) Gaier Claude ldquoCe que les illustrations drsquoun chroniquer nous reacutevegravelent sur lrsquoarmement de

son tempsrdquo Le Vieux-Liegravege 136 (1962) 124ndash135 Garnier Franccedilois La Guerre au moyen acircge XIendashXVe siegravecle LrsquoHistoire par les

documents iconographiques (Poitiers Centre de Recherche 1976) Hale JR Artists and Warfare in the Renaissance (New Haven Yale University Press

1990) Hale JR ldquoA humanistic visual aid The military diagram in the renaissancerdquo

Renaissance Studies 2 (1988) 280ndash298 Hale JR ldquoThe soldier in Germanic graphic art of the renaissancerdquo Journal of

Interdisciplinary History 17 (1986) 85ndash114 Hale JR ldquoSoldiers in the religious art of the renaissancerdquo Bulletin of the John Rylands

Library 69 (1986) 166ndash194 Lrsquoillustration du manuscrit de Scylitzegraves de la Bibliothegraveque Nationale de Madrid Andreacute

Grabar amp MManousakas eds [Bibliothegraveque de lrsquoinstitut helleacutenique drsquoeacutetudes byzantines et post-byzantines de Venise no 10] (Venezia Institut helleacutenique 1979)

Kiff Jennie ldquoImages of war Illustrations of warfare in early eleventh-century Englandrdquo Anglo-Norman Studies 7 (1985) 177ndash194

Manova E ldquoLes armes deacutefensives au moyen acircge drsquoapregraves les peintures murales de la Bulgarie du sud-ouest au XIIIe XIVe et XVesrdquo Byzantino-Bulgarica 3 (1969) 187ndash223

Marani Pietro C LrsquoArchitettura fortificata negli studi di Leonardo da Vinci con ilcatalogo complete dei disegni [Arte e archeologia Studi e documenti 21] (FirenzeLeo Olschki 1984)

McKenzie ADean ldquoFrench medieval castles in gothic manuscript paintingrdquo The Medieval Castle Romance and Reality (Dubuque Kendall-Hunt 1984) 199ndash214

Oman Charles ldquoEarly military picturesrdquo Archaeological Journal 95 (1938) 337ndash354 Raynaud Christiane ldquoLa guerrerdquo Le Commentaire de document figureacute en histoire

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ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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ce]

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120

19

May

201

6

meacutedieacutevale (Paris Armand Colin 1997) 197ndash205 Raynaud Christiane ldquoLe langage de la violence dans les enluminures des Grandes

chroniques de France dites de Charles Vrdquo Journal of Medieval History 17 (1991) 149ndash170

Semenzato Camillo ldquoMichele Sanmicheli architetto militarerdquo Michele Sanmicheli[Studi raccolti dallrsquoaccademia di agricoltura scienze e lettere di Verona] (Verona Valdonega 1960) 77ndash93

Touzet Mme P ldquoLrsquoArchitecture militaire du VIIIe au XIIIe siegravecle drsquoapregraves les enluminures de manuscritsrdquo Bulletin trimestriel de la socieacuteteacute des antiquaries de Picardie (1977) 17ndash35

Warfare illustrated 171

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19

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201

6

Index

Abels Richard 16 144 Aberg FA 106 Acconica Longo Augusta 61 Adair John 50 Adams Nicholas 63 Adani Giuseppe 131 Addington Larry H 1 Addyman PV 113 Agulloacute y Cobo Mercedes 126 Ahrweiler Heacutelegravene 41 44 71 133 Alban JR 137 Albrecht Uwe 115 Alcock Leslie 110 111 Alexander David G 76 85 Alexander JJG 189 Alexander Jonathan 81 Alfoumlldi Andreas 80 Allcorn William 103 Allmand CT 12 15 23 98 100 151 159 171 175 185 Allsen Thomas 156 Alm Josef 87 Almeida Joao de 33 Amatuccio Giovanni 87 Amin Paris Nabih 183 Amitai Reuven 44 156 Ancona Clemente 35 Andersen Hellmuth 132 Anderson RC 65 67 71 Anderson William 103 Andersson Andreas 183 Andersson Hans 132 Andreopoulos George 173 175 Andrews David 127 Andrews Kevin 134 Andrzejewski Stanislaw 2 Angelucci Angelo 100 Anglo Sydney 12 Anguelov Dimitar 39 Antonow Alexander 125 Apps Una 144 Apted MR 114 Aragoacuten Fernaacutendez MAurora 177

Dow

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Araguas Philippe 126 Arbman Holger 80 104 Archer Rowena E 19 Archer TA 50 Arden Heather 177 Arwidsson Greta 81 Arend ZM 186 Argiolas Tommaso 35 Ariegraves Philippe 103 Aris Rutherford 16 Arjona Castro Antonio 126 Armistead Samuel G 177 Armitage Ella S 111 Armstrong CAJ 50 171 Armstrong Olive G 16 Arnold Benjamin 152 Arnold Morris S 152 Aroldi Aldo M 84 Artonne A 61 Asaert G 66 Asbridge TS 58 Ashcroft Jeffrey 177 Ashdown Charles H 81 Attahiri Mohamed 177 Aubenas R 23 104 Audouin Edouard 23 Auer Leopold 2 55 152 Aussaresses Franccedilois 184 Austin NJE 177 Autrand Franccediloise 53 Auzias L 61 Avello Alvarez JLuiacutes 126 Avent Richard 109 Avila y Diaz-Ubierna Guillermo 126 Ayalon David 44 100 159 Aylward JD 81 Ayton Andrew 125 16 144 177

Baaken Gerhard 125 Baatz Dietwulf 98 Babelon Jean-Pierre 115 Babiacutec Ivan 39 Babut E-Ch 144 Bachrach Bernard S 10 16 50 61 91 104 177 184 189 Baiardi Giorgio C 36 156 Baiumlche Marcel 57 Bailly Auguste 23 Bain RN 61

Index 173

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

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ity o

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bainton Ronald H 167 Baacutek Jaacutenos 40 167 Barkai Ron 33 Barker WA 65 Balard Michel 41 Balbi Marco 10 Baldrighi Aldo 69 Ballard Mark 144 Bancourt Paul 177 Banks Arthur 1 Barbarani Francesco 91 Barber Malcolm 44 Barber Richard 186 Barbetta Guido 137 Barbier Pierre 23 115 Baring Francis 50 Barisic F 41 61 Barker Juliet 16 Barker PA 113 Barker Philip 106 111 Barley MW 137 Barlow Frank 16 Barnes Jonathan 171 Barnes TD 184 Barnie John 12 Barral i Altet Xavier 104 120 Barrow GWS 16 Barrow Geoffrey 145 Bartels Karl 152 Bartheacutelemy Dominique 103 Bartholomew Philip 6 Bartlett Clive 87 Bartlett Robert 1 18 146 Bartlett Thomas 20 Barton KJ 113 Bartusis Mark 41 156 159 Bascape Giacomo C 128 Batany Jean 177 Batlle Carmen 57 Battisti Carlo 35 Baudot Marcel 53 Bauer Frank 53 Baume Andrew 23 Bautier Anne-Marie 91 Bautier Robert-Henri 10 91 120 156 Bayleacute Jeanne 104 Bayley Charles C 184 Baynes Norman H 41


Dow

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bazzana Andreacute 105 104 127 Bazzi Silvana 128 Bean Richard 13 Beacutecet Marie 104 137 Becker CH 44 Beeler John H 2 16 111 145 Behmer Elis G 81 Beldiceanu Nicoara 44 Beleacuten Saacutenchez Prieto Ana 33 Bell Alexander 178 Bellart G 137 Bellamy Christopher 13 Bellini Piero 171 Belous Russell E 74 Bender KH 181 Bendz Gerhard 185 Benedikz BS 156 Benes Ctirad 73 Benevisti Meron 133 Bennett Matthew 1 23 53 67 91 178 184 Bennett Michael J 51 Bennett Paul 139 Bennett Philip E 181 Benninghoven Friedrich 39 Benoiumlt Paul 99 Benson Larry D 181 Benzoni Gino 36 Berchem Denis van 6 Beacuterenger Jean 15 Bergsagel John 2 Berkian Ara J 133 Berman Constance H 137 Bernardi Domenico 130 Bernini Pezzini Grazia 189 Berthelot Marcellin 95 185 Bertili Sergio 37 Bertolani del Rio Maria 128 Bertolini Ottorino 35 Bertolotto Claudio 73 Besevliev Veselin 41 Beshir BJ 44 Bianchi Silvana A 154 Bieganski Witold 40 Bitschnau Martin 125 Binder Gerhard 168 Binns Alan 39 Binski Paul 81 Bischoff Georges 23

Index 175

Dow

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ded

by [

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bishop MC 79 Bisson Thomas 167 Bitter Norbert 178 Bivar ADH 91 Black Jeremy 1 13 142 15 26 Blackmore Howard L 73 76 95 98 Blair Claude 76 81 Blair CHHunter 111 Blake EO 171 Blankinship Khalid Yahya 44 Blastenbrei Peter 154 Bliese John RE 49 50 171 Bloch Marc 2 Block Willibald 35 Blockmans Willem P 6 Bloumlndal Sigfuacutes 41 Blondel Louis 104 125 Blyth JD 51 Boal WWM 135 Boardman Andrew W 51 145 Boase TSR 133 135 Boccia Lionello G 1 75 84 Bodmer Jean-Pierre 10 Bog Ingomar 159 Bognetti Gian Piero 10 Bogyay Thomas von 55 Boumlheim Wendelin 76 Boumlhme Horst W 125 Bologna Giulia 128 Bombaci Alessio 44 Bonaparte Louis Napoleacuteon 98 Bond Brian 70 171 Bonde Sheila 111 104 Bonnassie Pierre 178 Bonnaud-Delamare Roger 167 Bordejeacute Federico 126 Borderie A de la 61 Borg Alan 81 167 Borg Kaj 132 Borgatti Mariano 128 Borgmann Ulrike 178 Bornecque Robert 138 Bornstein Diane 178 183 Borosy Andraacutes 156 Borremans Reneacute 118 Borst Arno 135 31 Bosi Enrico 128 Bosson Cleacutement 76


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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Bossuat Andreacute 165 Bossuat Robert 184 Bosworth CE 44 157 Bosworth Edward 45 Bouumlard Michel de 104 118 167 Boudet Jacques 1 4 Boudot-Lamotte Antoine 87 188 Bourin Monique 160 Bournegru Octavian 69 Boussard Jacques 149 Boutaric Edgard 23 Bouthoul Gaston 171 Boutruche Robert 23 Bowlus Charles R 10 Bowsky William M 35 Brackmann Hans-Juumlrgen 123 Brackenbury Henry 95 Bradbury Jim 16 50 61 87 95 Bradley PJ 169 Brady Caroline 178 Branca Vittore 3 168 Brand AJ 5 Braun Hugh 108 Breacutehier Louis 71 Bresc Henri 69 128 Brett Martin 16 Brett Michael 45 58 Breveglieri Bruno 84 Brice Martin H 104 Bridbury AR 159 Brill Reginald 16 Brisson Jean-Paul 7 Brizzi Giovanni 184 Brockman Eric 61 Brodie Bernard 76 Brodman James W 33 Bromiley Geoffrey N 178 Brooke Richard 50 Brooks EW 45 Brooks Frederick W 51 67 Brooks Nicholas 172 81 145 Broome Dorothy M 166 Broughton Bradford B 1 Brouhl Reinhard 30 Brown AE 106 Brown AL 165 Brown Elizabeth AR 189 Brown RAllen 51 104 108 109 111 112 149

Index 177

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ded

by [

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ity o

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efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Brown Stephen DB 145 159 Brown TS 41 Bruand Yves 118 127 Bruce George 49 Bruumlhl Carlrichard 143 Bruhn Hoffmeyer Ada 77 84 85 95 Brulez W 13 Brun Robert 84 160 Brundage James A 171 Brunet Roger 116 Brunner Heinrich 143 Brusten Charles 23 55 149 Buchanan Brenda J 96 Bueno de Mesquita DM 155 Buumlhler Curt F 184 Bull Stephen 77 Bullough Vern L 5 Bur Michel 104 118 Burgess EMartin 77 Burgess William 74 Burghart Robert 21 Burke Edmund 87 Burley SJ 160 Burne Alfred H 178 49 50 51 53 Burnouf Joeumllle 123 Burns Robert I 27 154 Burns Thomas S 6 58 Bury JB 95 Bury John 184 Buschinger Danielle 5 Busse Wilhelm G 182 Bussi Rolando 180 Buttin Franccedilois 77 81 Butzer KW 45 Byles ATP 184 Byrne M 96

Caciagli Giuseppe 127 Caddeo Rinaldo 71 Cadoux Cecil John 171 Cagigas Isidro de las 65 Cahen Claude 45 58 184 Cailleaux Denis 99 Cairns Conrad 104 Caldwell David H 81 83 115 160 Callahan Daniel F 167 Cam Helen M 98 Camboulives Roger 53


Dow

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at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Cammarosano Paolo 104 Campbell Brian 7 Campbell JB 7 Campbell James 162 Campbell Miles W 145 Canard Marius 41 45 171 Canestrini Giovanni 189 Canestrini Giuseppe 35 Cannon Henry L 51 Capacchi Guglielmo 129 Cardini Franco 2 36 91 172 Carlile Antonio 45 Carman WY 95 Carolus-Barreacute Louis 23 149 Carpegna Nolfo di 73 Carpenter David 51 Carpentier Elisabeth 53 Carr Anthony D 145 150 Carrere Claude 154 Carriazo Juan de 33 Carroll Bernice A 167 Carter Charles H 96 Carter John M 2 Cassanelli Luciana 138 Cassard Jean-Christophe 24 Casula Francesco C 155 Cathers Kerry 145 Cattin Paul 138 Cauchies Jean-Marie 12 150 Cavalieri Federico 129 Cazacu Matei 71 Cazelles Raymond 24 Cessford C 92 Chaliand Geacuterard 2 Chamberlain ER 35 Chambers David 37 38 70 140 125 Champion Pierre 150 Chandler David 20 Chaplais Pierre 13 Charlesworth Dorothy 51 Charlier Yves 53 Charlton John 115 Chacirctaignier Reneacute 61 Chacirctelain Andreacute 116 118 Chauvelays M de la 150 Chazelas Anne 67 Cheacutehab Maurice H 45 Chenu MD 172

Index 179

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Cheshire Mark 140 Chevalier Bernard 138 150 151 Chevanne JRobert de 24 Chevedden Paul E 95 Chew Helen M 145 Cheyette Frederick 118 Cheynet Jean-Claude 58 157 Chibnall Marjorie 104 145 178 Chickering Howell 91 Chirol Serge 115 Chi-Hsing Phan 96 Chittolini Giorgio 6 Chomel Vital 91 Christ Yvon 116 Christensen Stephen 13 Christiansen Eric 30 Christides Vassilios 65 71 184 Christison Philip 51 Church Stephen 91 Church SD 145 Ciggar Krijnie 41 157 Ciglenecki Slavko 108 Cipolla Carlo M 13 96 Cirkovic Sima 57 Cirlot Mariacutea Victoria 81 84 Clapham JH 91 Clark George 109 178 Clark John 93 Claudelin Bengt 74 Cleator Philip E 77 Clement Paul A 108 135 Clemoes Peter 161 145 172 Clephan Robert C 77 98 Clough Cecil H 38 155 Coad Jonathan 112 Cockle Maurice JD 1 183 Coelho ET 84 Cohn Willy 70 Coleman DC 159 Coleman Edward 127 Collin Hubert 119 Collins HP 62 Collins Roger 12 Collodo Silvana 129 Colombier Pierre du 119 Colvin Howard M 176 109 112 115 Comba Rinaldo 104 128 Comminges Elie de 188


Dow

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120

19

May

201

6

Connolly P 160 Conrad Hermann 30 Constable Giles 160 Contamine Philippe 2 3 13 24 26 54 62 74 93 98 138 150 151 160 165 172 178 184 185 Conti Abd al Latif 172 Conti Flavio 129 Cook David R 162 Cook Weston F 33 100 Cooper Edward 127 Cooper Janet 50 Coopland GW 185 188 Corati Flavio 129 Coacuterdoba Joseacute Mariacutea G 33 Corfis Ivy A 61 Cormier RJ 188 Correnti Santi 35 Cortes Javier 74 Corvisier Andreacute 1 13 Coss Peter 161 18 22 Cosson Baron de 74 Cothren Michael W 189 Coulson Charles 104 109 112 119 138 Coulston JC 79 Counihan Joan 105 112 Coupland Simon 81 138 172 Courcelle Pierre 178 Coutil Leacuteon 119 Covini Nadia 138 155 Cowdrey HEJ 71 167 172 Cowley Robert 5 Cox David C 51 Craig Hardin 1 Cram Kurt-Georg 172 Creasy ES 49 Creveld Martin Lvan 2 Cressier Patrice 33 127 Cresti Carlo 103 Creswell KAC 133 Cripps-Day Francis H 74 Critchley JS 145 Crivelli Aldo 35 Crone Patricia 157 Cross JE 172 Crossley Paul 167 Crouch David 112 Crozet Reneacute 62 119 Cruden Stewart 109

Index 181

Dow

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ded

by [

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Cruickshank Charles G 164 Crump Garry A 178 Cunningham George 112 Cuozzo Errico 35 Curnow PE 112 119 Curry Anne 20 23 25 27 30 67 88 100 113 139 144 145 150 Curwen John F 112 Cusin Fabio 128 Cuvillier Jean-Pierre 152

Dagron Gilbert 41 188 Dahan Gilbert 88 Dahmus Joseph 49 Dain Alphonse 165 185 Daly Robert J 144 Da Mosto Andrea 35 155 Daniels Emil 2 Dannenbauer Heinrich 144 Darkoacute E 41 David Charles W 54 Davidson HREllis 39 81 101 Davies CSL 160 Davies JConway 182 Davies RR 182 Davies Roy W 144 Davis HWC 54 Davis RHC 92 Davison Brian K 109 112 113 Davison David P 108 Dawson Doyne 2 Dawson M 79 Day John 129 Dean Bashford 77 Dean Mary A 112 Debal Jacques 138 Debord Andreacute 116 119 178 DeBreffny Brian 109 Dedeyan Geacuterard 41 Dehoacuteir Siobhaacuten 98 Deiss Joseph J 35 De la Croix Horst 128 138 185 Delbruumlck Hans 2 Deleacuteage Andreacute 119 Delfini Gabriella 138 Delmaire Bernard 25 Delmaire Roland 160 Deloffe Guy 25 Delogu Paolo 129


Dow

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ded

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Delpech Henri 3 Del Treppo Mario 155 Demandt Alexander 7 Demmin August 77 Demotz Bernard 119 Demougeot Emilienne 7 Denholm-Young N 183 Denifle Heinrich 25 Dennis George T 42 87 186 188 De Poerck G 96 Dernier A 54 De Rossi Giovanni M 129 Deschamps Paul 133 134 135 Detsicas A 114 Deuchler Florens 165 Devoisse Jean 55 Devos Jean-Claude 25 138 DeVries Kelly 3 13 62 67 98 101 Deyres Marcel 119 DrsquoHaenens Albert 25 Dickinson Gladys 166 186 Dimnik Martin 62 Ditcham Brian 150 Ditchburn David 67 Ditten Hans 157 Dixon Karen R 8 Dixon Philip 112 Doise Jean 7 Dolley RH 65 71 Donnelly JA 138 Donner Fred M 45 DrsquoOnofrio Cesare 129 Doorn Jacques van 42 Do Paccedilo Alfonso 57 Dossat Yves 25 Dotson John E 70 Doucet Roger 160 Douglas David C 162 Drew KF 10 Driel-Murray Cvan 79 Drobna Zaroslava 80 Drouyn Leo 120 Drummond JDouglas 183 Drury PJ 113 Dubled H 98 Dubois Didier 96 Duby Georges 3 54 103 168 Ducos J-H 104

Index 183

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Duffy Christopher 62 Duffy Michael 128 Dufournet Jean 178 Dufty Arthur R 74 Dunan Marie-Elisabeth 120 Dunbar JG 135 Duncan AAM 184 51 Duncan-Jones RD 144 Dunham William Huse 18 145 DuParc Pierre 62 Dupuy Richard E 1 Dupuy Trevor N 1 77 Durdiacutek Jan 39 80 Duumlriegl Guumlnter 76 Durliat Jean 42 160 Dyboski R 186

Eadie John W 92 Eales Richard 113 Earle Edward M 161 Ebbesen Sten 172 Eberl Barthel 55 Ebhardt Bodo 105 124 128 Ebner Herwig 105 Edbury Peter W 45 59 Eddeacute Anne-Marie 157 Edge David 77 Edwards JG 51 113 148 Edwards Robert W 134 Effe Bernd 168 Eggenberger David 49 Ehrenkreutz AS 71 Eickhoff Ekkehard 71 Einsle Hans 55 Ekdahl Sven 39 55 Elgger Carl von 31 Elgood Robert 85 188 Ellehauge Martin 77 Elmer Robert P 87 183 Eltis David 13 139 Elton Hugh 7 Embleton Gerald 6 Emden Wolfgang van 178 181 Emery Anthony 113 Emmert Thomas A 57 Enaud Franccedilois 116 Engel Paacutel 39 English Barbara 139


Dow

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6

English Edward D 129 Enlart Camille 116 Ensslin W 42 Erb Hans 124 Erben Wilhelm 3 10 96 Erdmann Carl 125 172 Ericsson Ingolf 132 139 Erlande-Brandenburg Alain 120 Esch Arnold 36 Eslava Galaacuten Juan 126 Esper Thomas 39 98 Espinosa de los Monteros Juan 127 Essen Leacuteon van der 25 Essenwein August Ovon 96 Eterovich Francis H 39 Evans Geoffrey 57 Evans Michael R 25 Evans Stephen S 178 Even PAdam 172 Eydoux Henri Paul 134

Fahmy Aly Mohamed 71 Falk Hjalmar 81 Falls Cyril 3 Falster Nykobing 96 Fara Amelio 103 105 Farmer Henry G 3 Fasoli Gina 35 129 168 Fauber Lawrence 42 Faulkner PA 113 Faveacute I 98 Favier Jean 24 25 Favre Camille 186 Favreau Marie Luise 70 Favreau Robert 25 Fawtier Robert 27 98 Featherstone Donald F 3 87 Fedden Robin 134 Fehr Hans 172 Feldmann M 153 Fenwick Hubert 109 Fernaacutendez Duro Cesaacutereo 70 Fernie Eric 167 Ferreiro Alberto 62 Ferrer i Mallol Maria Teresa 155 165 Ferrill Arther 7 Ffoulkes Charles J 74 77 81 98 Fiedler Siegfried 31

Index 185

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at 2

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19

May

201

6

Finer Samuel E 3 Fink Clinton F 167 Finke Heinrich 70 Finkel Caroline 160 Finoacute JF 3 25 96 99 116 Finot Jules 99 Finucane Ronald C 45 Fiore Francesco Paolo 185 Fischer Wolfdietrich 46 Fixot Michel 104 120 Fleckenstein Josef 110 15 124 Fleetwood Georg 74 Fleming Donald F 146 Fleury DA 151 Florentiis Graziella de 128 Flori Jean 3 25 92 151 172 178 160 Floyd Dale E 103 Fois Foiso 129 Foley Vernard 87 Fonti Daniela 138 Forbes-Leith William 146 Forde-Johnson James L 109 Forey AJ 13 62 143 Forni Roberto 35 Fortescue JW 18 Forti Leone Carlo 139 Foss Clive 134 135 Foulds Trevor 62 Fouquet Gerhard 161 Fournier Gabriel 107 116 120 139 Fournier Paul 173 Fowler GHerbert 62 Fowler Kenneth A 13 26 27 69 146 161 169 Fox Aileen 113 Frame Robin 18 146 168 France John 3 104 26 44 45 71 157 160 Franceschini Ezio 35 Franceschini Gino 35 155 Francovich Riccardo 129 131 Frangioni Luciana 84 Franz Guumlnther 152 Franzoi Umberto 74 Frauenholz Eugen von 31 152 153 Freeman AZ 67 113 139 Freeman Philip 6 Frere Sheppard 139 Friel Ian 67 Friendly Alfred 58


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6

Fry Edward 57 Fry Plantagenet Somerset 109 Fryde Natalie M 146 Fuchs Theodor 3 Fuentes Cervera Eduardo de 33 Fuumlgedi Erik 40 133 Fuiano Michele 57 Fuller JFC 3 49 78 Fumagalli Vito 129

Gabba Emilio 7 Gabrieli Francesco 45 Gaeumll Anne 115 Gagliardi Ernst 31 Gaibi Agostino 100 Gaier Claude 3 13 26 54 74 78 81 87 88 92 99 120 151 161 160 189 Gaier-Lhoest Josianne 74 Gaines Barry 160 Gairdner James 51 Galbraith VH 54 148 Galletti Anna 36 Gallice Henri 184 Gallinoni Giuseppina 185 Galstyan AG 45 Gamber Ortwin 75 76 78 81 83 Gandilhon Reneacute 151 Ganshof Franccedilois L 104 78 92 168 Garaud Marcel 120 Garciacutea-Moreno Luiacutes A 33 Gardelles Jacques 105 120 139 Gardiner Robert 134 Gardner JStarkie 82 Gardner Stephen 121 Garlandini Alberto 129 Garnett George 21 22 Garnier Franccedilois 62 189 Garnier Joseph 99 Gascoigne Christina 109 Gasparri Stefano 36 Gauthiez Bernard 121 139 Gay Victor 103 Geary Patrick J 168 Genicot Leopold 116 George Hereford B 88 Geacuteraud H 151 Gerbert Marie-Claude 33 Gessler Eduard A 74 Ghiacci F 188

Index 187

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ce]

at 2

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May

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6

Giardina Andrea 185 Gibb HAR 45 Giese Wilhelm 84 85 160 Gilbert Felix 161 Gilchrist Helen I 74 Gilchrist John 173 Gille Bertrand 96 Gillespie James L 88 Gilliam Helmut 31 Gillingham John 15 18 26 30 68 146 149 160 Gillmor Carroll 68 92 96 139 Girardot Alain 99 139 Giry-Deloison Charles 3 Gist Margaret A 161 Gitton Bernard 161 Given-Wilson Chris 18 165 Glaumlser Manfred 139 Gleiman L 168 Gleacutenisson Jean 26 Glete Jan 65 Glick Thomas F 33 Glidden Harold 45 157 Glosek Marian 73 82 Glover Richard 18 Glubb John R 45 Goumlbbels Joachim 36 Godman Peter 12 Goez Werner 13 Goffart Walter 185 Goldbrunner Hermann M 185 Goldingham CS 68 Goumlller Karl Heinz 161 Good George L 100 Goodburn Roger 6 Goodchild Richard G 135 Goodman Anthony 18 22 146 Gordillo Couciegraveres Joseacute Luiacutes 127 Gordon Colin Douglas 171 Gore Terry L 162 Gouiran Geacuterard 161 Grabar Andreacute 189 Grabherr Norbert 124 Graham Brian 113 Graham-Campbell James 92 Grainge Christine 68 Grainge Gerald 68 Grancsay Stephen V 74 75 77 78 82 84 Grand Roger 121


Dow

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ce]

at 2

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19

May

201

6

Grant Alexander 18 Grassotti Hilda 127 Grava Yves 26 Gray Colin S 65 Greatrex Geoffrey 7 Green Howard 50 Green Judith 161 Green Louis 36 Greene Thomas M 173 Gregory Timothy 134 139 Griffith Paddy 39 Griffiths RA 29 137 149 Grodecki Louis 121 Grose Francis 18 109 Grosjean Georges 50 Grosman Martin 145 Grosse Robert 7 42 Grosz August 74 Grundmann Herbert 151 Guglielmotti Alberto 70 Guichard Pierre 104 127 Guillerm Alain 105 Guilmartin John F 65 66 71 Guiral Jacqueline 68 Gunn Steven 26 Gush George 13 Guyotjeannin Olivier 3 Gwen-Djen Lu 96

Haarmann Ulrich 46 Haase Carl 139 Hadank Karl 57 Haenel Erich 74 Hagenmeyer Christa 185 Hahn Hanno 129 Haigh Philip A 18 51 Haines Keith 168 Hajdu Robert 26 Haldon John F 42 88 96 157 161 188 Hale John R 126 18 36 37 70 96 129 130 155 180 183 184 185 189 Hall AR 3 78 Hall Bert S 62 96 Hallam Elizabeth 168 Halm Heinz 46 Halsall Guy 135 Hamblin William 72 Hamidullah M 58 Hamilton JS 169

Index 189

Dow

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by [

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

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6

Hammond Peter W 51 52 Hannestad Kund 42 157 Hansen Peter V 96 Harbison Peter 180 Harbottle Thomas 49 Hardy Edouard 75 Hardy Robert 88 Harf Laurence 178 Harfield CG 109 Harmand Adrien 26 Harmand Jacques 121 Harmuth Egon 88 Harney Michael 180 Harper-Bill Christopher 19 26 52 79 104 112 113 119 180 181 182 184 Harris OD 51 Harris PV 88 Harrison Peter 135 Harriss Gerald L 18 161 Haumlrtel Reinhard 155 Harvey Alfred 139 Harvey Ruth 79 91 112 113 180 181 182 Harvey Sally 146 Hasenfratz Hans-Peter 168 Haskins George L 18 Hassall MWC 185 Hattendorf John B 67 Hatto AT 180 Haverkamp Alfred 148 153 Haward Winifred I 161 Hawkes CFC 114 Hawkes Sonia 84 Hay Denys 165 166 Hayes-McCoy Gerard A 50 51 Hayez Anne-Marie 139 Hayward John F 78 96 Haywood John 68 Hazard Harry W 134 Head Thomas 169 Hearder Harry 190 Heath Ernest G 88 Heath Ian 3 106 42 Heath Peter 168 Heacutebert Michel 26 151 161 Hebron Malcolm 180 Heer Eugegravene 73 82 95 Heers Jacques 72 105 Hehl Ernst-Dieter 173 Heine Hans W 124


Dow

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at 2

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May

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6

Heirbaut Dirk 26 Hejna Antonin 125 Held Joseph 40 Heacuteliot Pierre 105 106 116 121 139 Hellenkemper Hansgerd 135 Heller Edmund K 185 Hemelrijck Mvan 116 Hendrickx Benjamin 157 Hendrix WS 180 Henneman John B 26 161 Henrard Paul J 99 Hensel Witold 133 Herben Stephen J 180 Herbert Trevor 21 Herde Peter 46 57 58 Herlihy David 71 88 163 Hermann John P 180 Herrmann Hans-Walter 137 Herrnbrodt Adolf 125 Herwaarden Jvan 26 Hess AC 58 101 Hewitt HJ 19 26 Hewitt John 78 Hibbert Christopher 54 Hicks M 163 166 Higgins Martin J 42 Higham NJ 92 Higham Robert 21 106 111 113 Higham Robin 6 Highfield Roger 129 Higounet Charles 121 139 Hill David 162 112 Hill DR 92 96 Hill JWF 113 Hill Rosalind 46 52 Hime Henry WL 96 Hindley Geoffrey 106 Hinz Hermann 121 Hister Geoffrey 185 Hobohm Martin 180 Hockey SF 161 Hoek C 116 Hoekstra TJ 106 Hoff Arne 95 Hoffmann Dietrich 7 Hoffmann Hartmut 168 Hogg Alexander AH 109 Hogg Ian V 106

Index 191

Dow

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ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Hogg OFG 96 99 Holden EW 113 Holdsworth Christopher J 168 Hollister CWarren 19 146 Holmes George 37 Holmes Martin R 78 Holmes Richard 4 Holmes Urban T 188 Holt James C 15 30 149 Hook Judith 130 Hooker James R 146 161 Hooper Nicholas 1 19 146 Hope-Taylor Brian 113 Hoppenbrouwers PCM 151 Horrent Jules 54 Hotz Walter 124 125 Houdeville Michelle 180 Housley Norman 157 Howard Michael 4 173 175 Howse Derek 65 Huber Rudolf 105 Hubrecht Georges 173 Hudson John 21 22 Hughes Kathleen 192 145 Hughes Michael 20 23 27 30 67 88 100 113 139 144 145 Hughes Quentin 101 106 113 135 Huguet Adrien 27 Huici Miranda Ambrosio 57 Huizinga Johan 192 Hummelberger Walter 31 140 Humphreys RStephen 46 Humphries PH 109 113 Hunger V 62 Hunt Tony 180 Hunter Joseph 99 Huumlpper-Droumlge Dagmar 78 Huuri Kalervo 97 Huygens RBC 135 185 Hybsch Vincenzo 129 Hyland Ann 92

Ichino MPaola 128 Inaleik Halil 46 Ireland Robert 185 186 Irmscher Johannes 42 Irsigler Franz 137 Isenberg Gabriele 137 Issac Benjamin 7


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Issacs Ann K 36

Jack RI 52 Jackson David EP 46 Jackson WH 180 Jacob EF 19 148 Jaumlger Georg 180 Jaumlhns Max 31 James Lawrence 82 Janowitz Morris 42 Jansen HPH 151 Janssen Hans L 121 Janssen Walter 106 132 Janssen Wilhelm 50 Jaumlschke Kurt-Ulrich 106 109 Jeffery Keith 20 Jenal Anton 62 John AH 159 John Eric 19 Johns CN 135 Johnson Anne 108 Johnson C 69 Johnson James T 173 Johnson Paul 110 Johnson Stephen 108 Johrendt Johann 192 31 Jones Archer 4 Jones Gareth Elwyn 21 Jones Martin 180 Jones Michael 27 68 121 123 148 151 166 Jones Terry 180 Jones WR 161 Jope EM 115 Jordan William 118 147 Joris A 27 Jouet Roger 27 Jurji Edward J 173 Jusselin Maurice 27

Kachev Stefan 39 Kaegi Walter E 7 43 46 88 161 188 Kaeuper Richard W 125 161 Kagay Douglas J 2 Kajzer Leszek 73 Kamp Norbert 36 Kapelle William E 19 Karayannopulos Johannes 43 Karcheski Walter 73

Index 193

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ce]

at 2

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6

Karpinski Louis C 183 Katele Irene B 36 70 Kazanski Michel 6 Keats-Rohan KSB 146 Kedar Benjamin Z 46 160 Keegan John 3 Keen Maurice 3 19 143 147 168 173 Keeney Barnaby C 147 Keep John LH 40 Keller Hagen 36 Keller Heinrich 50 Keller Mary 82 Kemp Anthony 106 Kendall JMurray 62 Kennedy David 6 Kennedy H 42 Kennedy Hugh 134 Kenyon John R 106 109 110 113 Kepler JS 68 Khadduri Majid 168 Khan Iqtidar A 97 Kienbusch Carl Otto von 75 Kiernen VG 143 Kiess Walter 106 Kiff Jennie 189 Kightly Charles 110 King DJCathcart 19 52 62 97 109 110 113 135 140 King Margot 12 Kinross John 50 Kiraacutely Beacutela K 40 Kirby JL 62 162 Kirchgaumlssner Bernhard 161 Kirpicnikov Anatolii 40 78 Kleacuteber H 181 Kleinschmidt Harald 4 Klingenstein Grete 153 Klopsteg Paul E 88 Knight RJB 67 Knobloch Eberhard 187 Koch HW 4 Koumlchly Hermann AT 183 Kohler Charles A 31 Koumlhler Gustav 147 Kohn George C 1 Kolendo Jerzy 7 Kolias Taxiarchis G 85 Komjathy Anthony T 40 Konstantinou Evangelos 157


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Koumlpstein Helga 157 Koumlrner Sten 52 Kottenkamp Franz J 4 Kramer Gerhard W 97 Kramer Hans 155 Krenn Peter 126 Kretzmann Norman 171 Krieger Karl-Friedrich 153 Krogmann Willy 31 Kropf Rudolf 31 Kruumlger Sabine 4 Kubiak Wladyslaw B 72 Kuumlhn Hans 7 Kuumlhn Hans-Joachim 43 Kunisch Johannes 15 Kunter Fritz 75

Laborde ED 52 Lacarra Joseacute Mariacutea 57 La Cour Vilhelm 132 Lacroix Paul 4 Lacy AD 62 Ladero Quesada Miguel Angel 34 62 127 154 Laffin John 49 Laiou Angeliki E 72 Lake Fred 87 Laking Guy 78 Lalanne Ludovic 97 Lalou Elisabeth 27 Lamberini Daniela 103 Lammert Friedrich 186 Lampe Karl 54 Lanconelli Angela 140 Lander JR 19 27 Landes Richard 169 Lane Frederic C 4 70 88 155 Lang Carl 185 Lang Kurt 4 Lanuza Cano Francisco 34 Laporte Jean 68 Lapsley Gaillard Thomas 147 Larrea Rojas Jon AFde 34 Larson Henrietta M 75 LaRocca Donald J 75 Lartigaut Jean 121 Last Martin 82 Latham JD 92 186 187 Latimer Paul 19

Index 195

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Laughton GCarr 68 Laurent V 173 Lauret Alain 140 Lavin James D 100 Law John E 140 Lawrence AW 108 134 135 Lawrence TE 134 Lazzarini Vittorio 70 Leach Edmund 15 Leask Harold G 110 114 Lebecq Steacutephane 104 Le Bohec Yann 7 Le Cacheux Paul 27 Lecestre Leacuteon 186 Leclercq Jean 173 Leduque Alphonse 139 Lee CD 68 Legge MDominica 88 181 186 Leguai Andreacute 27 166 Leguay Jean-Pierre 99 Le Maho Jacques 27 121 Lemmon Charles H 19 52 Lensi Alfredo 75 Lenzi Maria Ludovica 37 Le Patourel John 27 110 114 140 Lesueur F 122 Lev Yaacov 44 46 72 85 157 Levillain Leacuteon 54 Levron Jacques 116 Levy Reuben 46 Lewinsohn Richard 159 Lewis Archibald R 27 34 66 Lewis NB 147 Lewis PS 130 28 Lewis William G 52 Leyerle John 181 Leyser Karl 4 50 173 Lhotsky Alphons 50 Liacutebal Dobroslav 106 Liebenau Theodor von 50 Liebeschuetz JHWG 43 144 Liebeschuetz Wolfgang 7 Ligato Giuseppe 157 Lilie Ralph-Johannes 43 58 Lindsay Donald 4 Linnebach Karl 32 Littauer Mary A 92 Little AG 98


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Lloyd Alan 27 Lloyd EM 88 Lloyd Simon D 18 19 22 161 Loader David 68 Loewe Raphael 88 Loumlfstedt Lenna 183 186 Loganbill Dean 181 Lokkegaard Frede 169 Lombaregraves Michel de 54 Loumlnnroth Erik 140 Lopez Robert S 37 88 Lot Ferdinand 4 115 27 151 Letter Friedrich 173 Lottin Alain 53 Loud GA 155 Louise Geacuterard 27 Lourie Elena 34 Love Robert W 67 Loyn HR 197 Lucas Henry S 28 Luce Simeacuteon 28 Lund Niels 133 147 Luttwak Edward N 7 Lutz Heinrich 153 Luyn Pvan 28 Lydon James F 162 18 19 20 92 147 160 168 Lynch Andrew 181 Lynn John A 4 5 159 Lyon Bryce D 143 147 Lyons Malcolm C 46

Maag Albert 153 MacDonald John 49 Macdougall Norman 21 22 MacIvor Iain 114 MacKay Angus 18 146 MacKensie Fraser 29 MacKenzie WM 52 110 MacMullen Ramsey 8 Macoir Georges 75 Macrae-Gibson OD 52 Madsen Hans Jorgen 132 Maenchen-Helfen Otto 111 Maglioli Vittorio 75 Mahaut Maire-Claude 169 Maison F 137 Malebranche Raymond 140 Mallet J 140

Index 197

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Mallett Michael E 37 38 63 70 Maltese Corrado 186 Mandlmayr Martin C 153 Mancini Fausto 129 Manley John 88 Mann James G 75 82 84 Manousakas M 189 Manova E 190 Mantovani Mauro 174 Marani Pietro C 105 129 190 Marchal Guy P 50 Marchionni Roberto 57 Marconi Paolo 127 Mareacutechal Jean-Franccedilois 122 Markus RA 174 Marren Peter 52 Marsden EW 97 Marshall Christopher J 92 157 Marshall Pamela 112 Martel-Thoumian Bernadotte 58 Martiacuten JL 34 Martin Jean-Marie 130 Martin Nicolas 116 Martin Paul 99 Martiacuten-Atajo Saracho Luiacutes 127 Martindale Jane 169 Martinez Ricardo Cerezo 66 Martinic George Clam 124 Marwick Hugh 68 Maschke Erich 78 Mason Emma 181 Masotti Paola M 138 Maspero Jean 158 Mate Mavis 20 Mathieu Marguerite 58 Matucci Andrea 181 Maurer Hans-Martin 125 Maurici Ferdinando 130 Maxfield Valerie A 125 Maxwell HE 52 Maxwell-Irwing Alstair MT 99 Mayer Hans Eberhard 46 Mayer LA 85 Mazzini Franco 73 Mazzucchi Carlo Maria 43 McBridge Angus 46 McFarlane KB 20 147 162 McGeer Eric 63 92 186


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McGlynn Sean 4 McGuffie TH 88 McGuire Brian P 2 13 40 168 169 McHardy AK 20 McJoynt Albert 34 McKenzie ADean 190 McLeod W 88 135 McNab Bruce 147 McNeill TE 114 McNeill William H 4 Meehan Bernard 63 Megaw AHS 135 Meier-Welcker Hans 31 Meacutenager Leacuteon-Robert 66 Menant Franccedilois 128 130 Meneacutendez Pidal Ramoacuten 33 Menghin Wilfried 82 Menkeacutes Fred 28 Mercier Maurice 87 Mercier-Sivadjian Eve 116 Merendoni Antonio G 184 Meron Thomas 174 Mesqui Jean 116 122 140 Meulemeester Jde 106 Meyer Bruno 50 Meyer Paul 186 Meyer Werner 31 103 106 124 125 Meyer Wolfgang 31 Meyrick Samuel R 78 Michaud Heacutelegravene 125 28 Michaud-Freacutejaville Franccediloise 140 Michel Peter 162 Michel Robert 122 140 Mihaescu Haralambie 186 188 Milanese Marco 131 Mildenberger Gerhard 124 Millar Gilbert J 147 Miller Edward 20 162 Miller Timothy S 169 Milliken Ernest Kenneth 89 Miquel Jacques 122 Miquel Pierre 116 Miranda Calvo Joseacute 34 Miskimin Harry A 163 Mitchell Stephen 41 Moerman IWL 106 Mohraz Jane E 167 Molho A 35

Index 199

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Mollat Guillaume 169 Mollat Michel 28 66 72 Moumlller Hans-Michael 153 Mommsen Theodor 8 Mongeau Reneacute GB 181 Monicat Jacques 28 Monreal y Tejada Luiacutes 127 Moore CN 82 Morabia Alfred 158 Mora-Figueroa Luiacutes de 126 Moranvilleacute Henri 54 63 Morgan DO 46 Morgan Philip 20 Morillo Stephen 20 50 52 Morisi Anna 174 Morley Beric M 114 Morris AJ 114 Morris Colin 46 Morris John E 52 89 93 147 Morris William A 18 Morrogh Andrew 181 Morsoletto Antonio 130 Mot GJ 140 151 Mrusek Hans-Joachim 124 Muldoon James 174 Muumlller Albert 43 Muumlller Heinrich 75 Muumlller-Wiener Wolfgang 134 Mulryne JR 182 Munro Dana C 5 Murphy Thomas P 13 171 172 173 175 Murray KME 68 Murrin Michael 181 Musset Lucien 8 200 39 Myres JNL 20

Nadolski Andrzej 40 73 Naroll Frada 5 Naroll Raoul 5 Naumlsman Ulf 132 Neal Larry 159 Neaverson Ernest 114 Needham Joseph 96 97 Nef John U 5 Nelson Janet L 128 144 Nesbitt John 46 158 169 Neumann Hartwig 124 Neumann J 68


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Neumann Ronald 153 Newhall Richard A 20 28 147 162 Nicholson Ranald 20 63 Nickel Helmut 73 75 79 82 Nickerson Hoffman 5 Nicolas Nicholas Harris 68 Nicolle David 5 46 85 181 Niel Fernand 122 Niese Hans 155 Nilsson Nils-Ove 80 Niox Gustave Leacuteon 80 Nischer Evon 7 Nishimura David 187 Norgate Kate 50 Norman AVB 5 20 75 79 Noth Albrecht 46 174 Novak Rudolf 82 Nowakowski Andrzej 82 Noweacute Henri EA 54 Noyeacute Ghislaine 122 130 Noyes Arthur Herbert 148

Oakeshott REwart 79 OrsquoConnell Robert 5 Oerter Herbert L 57 OrsquoFlynn John M 7 Ogilvy JDA 93 Ohler Norbert 169 Oikonomidegraves Nicolas 43 174 Olesa Muntildeido Francisco-Felipe 66 Oliver Asiacuten Jaime 166 Olsen Olaf 132 Olsen Rikke A 132 Oman Charles WC 5 125 110 190 OrsquoNeil BH St John 99 110 114 Oppenheim Michael 68 Orlandis Joseacute 154 Ormrod WM 20 151 Orpen Goddard H 114

Paciaroni Raoul 100 Paddock John M 77 Padfield Peter 66 Padovan G 162 Painter Sidney 110 148 151 Palliser DM 140 Palmer George 87 Palmer JN 26 148 169 178 160

Index 201

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Palomeque Torres Antonio 34 Palvarini Maria Rosa 130 Parenti Roberto 129 Parker Geoffrey 2 5 128 Parrott David 125 Parry VJ 41 44 45 47 58 101 157 158 Partington JR 97 Partner Peter 174 Pascot Joseph PE 154 Pastreacute Jean-Marc 24 116 Paacuteszthory Emmerich 97 Paterson WF 89 186 187 Patrick John M 97 Patterson Linda 181 Patze Hans 124 Pariot Jacques 68 Pawlikowski-Cholewa Alfred von 47 Payne-Gallwey Ralph 89 97 Paz Julian 127 Pearsall AWH 67 Peball Kurt 140 Peduto Paolo 130 Peacutegeot Pierre 151 Peirce Ian 79 82 Pemsel Helmut 66 Pena Nicole de 151 Pentz Peter 97 Pepper Simon 63 70 Peacuterez Saacutenchez Dionisio 112 Perjeacutes Geacuteza 40 Perks JClifford 114 Perogalli Carlo 128 129 130 Perroy Edouard 28 99 166 Pertusi Agostini 43 Pescador Carmela 154 Pesez Jean-Marie 107 Petersen Jon 82 Peterson Harold L 79 97 Petit Ernest 34 Petit Joseph 152 Petrikovits Harald von 108 Peacutetrin Nicole 89 Petrin Silvia 31 Petrovic Djurdjica 101 Pettifer Adrian 110 Peucker Eduard von 32 Pfaffenbichler Matthias 79 Pferschy Gerhard 126


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Phillips JRS 20 Phillpotts Christopher 54 Pickl Othmar 159 160 Pieri Piero 5 32 37 155 187 Pietzcker Frank 174 Pini Antonio I 112 Pinoteau Herveacute 6 Pinto Giuliano 130 Piper Otto 124 Pipes Daniel 158 Pirillo Paolo 130 Pissard Hippolyte 174 Pittarello Liliana 132 Piva Edoardo 37 Plaisse Andreacute 28 Plaisse Sylvie 28 Platelle H 28 Platt Colin 110 Plesner Johan F 130 Plunkett GT 114 Podehl Wolfgang 126 Pohler Johann 1 Poisson Jean-Michel 104 Polano Sergio 128 Pollard AJ 20 152 Pons Nicole 28 Poole Austin Lane 22 68 82 111 Poole Reginald Lane 54 Pope Dudley 97 Porsche Monika 140 Porter Elizabeth 181 Postan MM 21 162 Potter David 28 Pottinger D 20 Pounds NJG 110 Pous Anny de 122 Poux Joseph 125 Powe Faye 106 Powell James M 158 Powers James 63 154 174 Powicke FM 21 52 98 Powicke Michael 93 147 148 162 169 Praga Giuseppe 47 Prager Frank D 186 Prawer Joshua 58 Prescott William H 34 Preston Richard A 4 Prestwich JO 21 47 148 162

Index 203

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Prestwich Michael 4 21 68 93 114 148 162 Price JL 149 Price Mary R 4 Priestly J 113 Prince Albert E 21 57 148 162 Pringle Denys 43 134 135 136 125 Prinz Friedrich E 12 Prou Maurice 152 Pryce TDavies 114 Prynne MW 68 Pryor John H 66 68 72 162 Puddu Raffaele 15 37 154 155 Pullan Brian 71 Putz Hans Henning 181 Pyhrr Stuart 73 75

Quarg Goumltz 186 Quatrefages Reneacute 15 34 Quigley Carroll 5

Raaflaub Kurt 6 Rabie Hassanein 47 158 Radford CARalegh 125 Radojcic Nikola 57 Ramsay JH 148 Ramsay WM 47 Rapp Francis 28 55 116 122 Rappoport Pavel 133 Rasi Piero 37 Rassart-Eeckhout Emmanuelle 160 Rassow Peter 43 Rathgen Bernhard 97 Rauchensteiner Manfred 2 Rausing Gad 89 Ravegnani Giorgio 128 Raynaud Christiane 190 Raacutezsoacute Gyula 156 Reddeacute Michel 66 Redlich Fritz 32 166 Redstone VB 148 Reed James 181 Regout Robert 174 Reichel Daniel 32 50 82 Reid Norman H 145 Reid WStanford 69 Reintges Theo 15 Reitzeustein Alexander von 83 Reacutemondon Roger 8


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Renaud JGN 104 Renn Derek F 110 114 Renn Ludwig 5 143 Renna Thomas 169 174 Renoux Annie 122 Repgen Konrad 174 Reuter Timothy 4 12 32 166 Reverseau Jean-Pierre 83 187 Rey Maurice 162 Rey Raymond 122 Reyerson Kathryn 106 Reynaud Marcelle 152 Rice Geoffrey 58 Rich John 7 10 Richard Jean 28 58 122 125 Richardson Geoffrey 52 Richardson Katherine M 123 Richmond Colin 52 Richmond CF 69 Ricotti Ercole 37 Ridyard Susan J 2 Riethy Renate 105 Rigaud Philippe 70 Rigaudiegravere Albert 125 Riley-Smith Jonathan 47 136 Riling Ray 95 Riquer Martiacute de 85 Ritter Raymond 107 104 Riu Manuel 127 Robbert Louise B 70 Robert Ladislas 76 Robert Ulysse 184 Roberts Michael 15 Robinson HRussell 85 Robinson IS 174 Robson JA 72 Rocolle Pierre PFM 104 Rodger NAM 67 69 Rodgers William L 66 Roesdahl Else 132 Roger Jean-Marc 152 Rogers Clifford J 202 21 29 Rogers HCB 93 97 Rogers Randall 63 Roland Alex 101 Rolland Marc 52 Rollason David 51 Roloff G 58

Index 205

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Romano Ruggiero 71 Ronciegravere Charles de la 69 Rondinini Gigliola Soldi 174 Ropp Theodore 15 Roquebert Michel 122 Rose Susan 68 Rosen Josef 162 Rosenstein Nathan 6 Rosenwein Barbara H 169 Ross Charles 21 150 Ross DJA 93 181 Rosser John 134 Rossi Francesco 73 Roumlssler Hellmuth 153 Rothero Christopher 83 Rouche Michael 29 123 Roulet Louis-Edouard 32 50 153 Round John Horace 21 52 114 115 148 Rowe BJH 29 152 Rowlands Ifor 21 Roy Ian 70 Roy Jean-Henri 55 Ruano Eloy Benito 154 Rubinstein Nicolai 38 130 125 Ruckley Nigel A 115 Rucquoi Adeline 146 Ruiacutez Teoacutefilo 118 147 Ruiacutez Martin Felipe 72 Rumble Alexander R 19 112 Rumeacuteu de Armas Antonio 154 Rumpel Roland 32 Runciman Steven 63 Runyan Timothy 66 69 Russell Frederick H 174 175 Russell PE 34 Rustow Wilhelm 183 Rynne Eacutetienne 83

Saadeacute Gabriel 136 Sablonier Roger 15 32 34 Sadler John 52 Saint Blanquat Odon de 123 Salamagne Alain 63 107 Salas Alberto M 79 Salch CL 115 116 120 123 137 Salter Mike 110 Salvini Enzo 57 Samaran Charles 54


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Sambin Paolo 37 Sancha Sheila 107 Saacutenchez-Albornoz Claudio 34 57 93 Sander Erich 61 153 Sanders IJ 148 Sanderson Michael 65 Sandquist TA 147 Santoro Lucio 131 Santoro Rodolfo 131 Santoro Bianchi Sara 131 Sarthou Carreres Carlos 126 Saunders A 111 113 125 Sawyer Peter 39 Scaglia Gustina 186 Scanlon George T 187 Schaumlfer Karl Heinrich 38 Schaumlfer-Maulbetsch Rose B 181 Schaufelberger Walter 32 50 153 Schedelmann Hans 76 Schenk Dankfrid 187 Schlight John 148 Schlumberger Gustave 43 47 63 158 Schmandt Raymond H 175 Schmidl Erwin A 2 Schmidtchen Volker 15 98 99 107 Schmiedt Giulio 128 Schmitt Pierre 118 Schmitthenner Paul 32 153 Schneider Alois 126 Schneider Hugo 83 125 Schneider Juumlrgen 46 Schneider R 25 98 Schnerb Bertrand 29 55 93 162 Schnitter Helmut 5 Schnitzer Maria 33 50 Schoenfeld Edward J 107 Scholkmann Barbara 137 Scholz Guumlnter 161 Schrader Erich 124 Schreiner Peter 85 Schulz Albert 83 Schulze-Doumlrrlamm Mechthild 83 Schuumlnemann Konrad 33 Schuumltte Ulrich 124 Schwarzlose Friedrich W 85 Scott Jack G 83 Scragg Donald G 16 50 81 Searle Eleanor 21

Index 207

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Seberich Franz 125 Secco drsquoAragona Fermo 38 Seco de Lucena Paredes Luiacutes 34 Seidel Linda V 175 Seiler Thomas H 91 Seitz Heribert 79 Sella Piero 79 Semenzato Camillo 190 Seacutenac Philippe 127 Sennhauser Albert 153 Sensi Mario 131 Seacuteraphin Gilles 140 Sesan M 72 Settia Aldo A 12 38 93 104 107 128 131 125 156 181 187 Setton Kenneth M 133 135 Seward Desmond 29 143 Seydoux Philippe 104 Seymour William 49 50 Shatzmiller Maya 47 173 187 Sheils WT 2 Shelby Lonnie R 21 Shepard Jonathan 158 Sherborne JW 29 69 148 149 162 Sherwood Foster H 187 Shewring Margaret 182 Shipley Graham 7 10 Showalter Dennis E 143 Shrader Charles R 187 Shulman Mark R 173 175 Sicard G 175 Siddiqi Amir Hasan 58 Siegraveveking G de 39 Simms DL 187 Simms Katharine 21 22 149 Simpson Grant G 147 150 Simpson WD 52 111 115 Singer Charles 3 78 Siveacutery Geacuterard 162 Skelton Joseph 76 Skyum-Nielsen Niels 133 Slavin Arthur J 27 Slessarev V 88 Smail RC 22 47 134 Smalley Beryl 129 Smart Charles A 87 Smith Cyril Stanley 79 Smith GRex 187 Smith John M 47 162


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Smith Lesley M 18 Smith Robert D 100 Smout TC 67 Smurthwaite David 50 Soedel Werner 87 Solon Paul D 29 152 Sommeacute Monique 63 100 Soula Christian 122 Southern Pat 7 Spalatin Christopher 39 Spatz Wilhelm 52 Spaulding Oliver L 5 Spaulding Thomas M 183 Spiegel Gabrielle M 29 Spiewok Wolfgang 5 Spitzer Leo 107 Springer Matthias 187 Sproumlmberg Heinrich 5 29 Spurgeon CJ 113 115 Stacey Robert C 175 Stangler Gottfried 40 Starr Chester G 66 Stawecki Piotr 40 Steel Anthony 162 Stefanovicova Tatiana 133 Stehkaumlmper Hugo 50 Stein Henri 89 Stell Geoffrey 22 111 115 Stelten Leo F 185 Stenton Frank M 22 111 Stephenson IP 80 Steuer Heiko 12 83 Stevens Wesley M 12 Stevenson Joseph 27 Stevenson WH 52 Stewart Paul 34 163 Sthamer Eduard 131 Stibbert Frederic 80 Stiesdal Hans 132 133 Stoicescu Nicolae 40 Stolot Franciszek 40 Stone George Cameron 80 Storey RL 22 Stotten Paul 80 Stow Sally 139 Straumlssle Paul M 43 Stratos Andreas N 43 72 Strausfield Michael 163

Index 209

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Strayer Joseph R 18 152 163 Streater Jasper 59 Strickland Matthew 16 22 166 182 Stringer KJ 111 Stroheker Karl F 8 Stuumlssi-Lauterburg Juumlrg 33 Sumption Jonathan 29 Suppe Frederick C 22 149 Swanton MJ 83 Sweetman John 49 Swift Louis J 175 Symonds Craig L 66 69 72 Synan Edward A 175 Szakaly Ferenc 40

Tabacco Giovanni 38 Tabarelli Gian Maria 128 132 Tabraham Christopher J 100 Tabuteau Emily Z 152 Tackenberg Kurt 83 Tait James 149 Talbot Eric J 115 Talbot Hugh 149 Tangheroni Marco 36 Tantum G 188 Tarassuk Leonid 73 76 Taveneaux Reneacute 53 55 Taylor AJ 107 111 115 123 Taylor Charles H 152 Taylor Frederick L 38 Taylor Pamela 149 Taylor Philip M 5 Tcholpanov Boris 39 Tealdi Jacques 104 Teall John L 158 Tedeschi JA 35 Templeman G 22 29 Thoen E 29 Thomas Bruno 74 75 76 83 Thommen Heinrich 50 Thompson AHamilton 5 111 Thompson EA 12 187 Thompson FML 92 Thompson Michael 106 107 Thomson JAF 25 Thordeman Bengt 83 Thoreau Peter 59 Thornhill Patrick 53


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Thorpe Lewis 188 Tibble Steven 47 Till Geoffrey 67 Tillman Curt 124 Tilly Charles 2 Timbal Pierre-Cleacutement 29 Tinniswood JT 69 Tivchev Peter 156 Tobias Norman 43 59 Toch Michael 63 Tomlin RSO 8 Tooke Joan D 175 Torres Fontes Juan 127 Toubert Pierre 38 Toulet Michel 83 Tourneur-Aumont Jean F 29 55 Tout TF 53 55 100 Touzet P 190 Toy Sidney 107 111 Trabut-Cussac Jean-Paul 125 Trapp Oswald Graf von 76 Traso Mario 80 Treadgold Warren T 44 Trease Geoffrey 38 Treharne RF 52 Trenschel Hans-Peter 76 Tritton AS 63 Trotter DA 182 Truttmann Philippe 123 Tsangadas Bryon CP 126 Tuck Anthony 18 22 152 Tuck JA 22 Tuetey Alexandre 30 Tuilier Andreacute 44 Turnbull Stephen 6 Turner Hilary L 126 Turney-High Harry H 6 Tuttle Richard J 125 Tuulse Armin 107 Tweddle Dominic 84 Tyerman Christopher 22

Ubieto Areta A 35 Ubregts William 123 Udovitch AL 163 Uhlhorn Friedrich 125 Underwood Richard 84 Unger Richard W 67

Index 211

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Urban William 40 Uslar Rafael von 107 126 Usteri Emil 50

Vaccari Pietro 38 132 175 Vagts Alfred 6 Vale Juliet 22 Vale Malcolm GA 15 22 30 100 123 Valencia de Don Juan Conde de 73 Vallecalle Jean-Claude 182 Vallery-Radot Jean 123 Vallet Franccediloise 6 Valturio Roberto 188 Vanderpol Alfred 175 Van Millingen Alexander 142 Varanini Gian Maria 38 130 154 Varley WJ 115 Vast Henri 63 Vaux de Foletier Franccedilois de 100 Velho Martin 57 Verbruggen JF 12 30 55 93 107 152 Vergeacute-Franceschi Michel 70 Verhaeghe Frans 123 Vercauteren Fernand 12 Vernadsky George 40 Verpeaux Jean 187 Verrier Freacutedeacuterique 182 Vetters Hermann 108 Viard Jules 30 55 63 Vichi Walter 129 Vigoacuten Jorge 35 100 Villalon LJAndrew 2 Villena Leonardo 103 126 Vincent Nicholas 149 Vincenti Antonello 129 132 Vincenzo Ahmad Abd al Walyy 175 Viollet-le-Duc Eugegravene Emmanuel 80 98 108 142 Vismara Giulio 175 Vita Raffaele de 129 Vivent Jacques 55 Vocelka Karl G 153 Vollrath Hanna 148 153 Volpe Gianni 132 Voss Olfert 132 Vryonis Speros 158

Waale Marinus J 30 163 Waas Manfred 144


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Wacker John 7 Wackernagel Hans Georg 33 Wagner Eduard 80 Wagner Hans 50 Wailly Henri de 55 Waites Bryan 67 Waley Daniel P 38 156 Walker RF 22 Walker Simon 19 148 163 Wallace-Hadrill JM 169 Wanke Ulrich 12 Ward John H 10 Warner Philip 50 61 93 Wathelet-Willem Jeanne 182 Watson GR 10 Watt WMontgomery 175 Webb Diana M 38 Webb Henry J 183 Webster Graham 10 Wegeli Rudolf 76 Wegraeus Erik 132 Weiner Herman O 5 Weir Alison 22 Weir Michael 69 149 Weissmann Nahaum 158 Weissmuumlller Alberto A 126 Welsby Derek A 108 Werner Edeltraud 182 Werner Joachim 84 Werner Karl F 153 Wesencraft Charles F 53 Westrate JLee 73 Wetherbee Winthrop 182 Wheeler Everett L 10 Wheeler Mortimer 123 Whitaker Muriel A 182 White Lynn T 6 47 188 Whittaker Dick 10 Whitwell RJ 69 Wickham Chris 128 132 Wienberg Jes 132 133 Wiese Leopold von 80 Wilbur CMartin 89 Willard Charity C 188 Willard JF 18 Willemsen Carl A 132 Williams Alan R 80 85 86 98 Williams Daniel 53 115 142

Index 213

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Williams-Jones Keith 63 Willoughby Rupert 93 Wilson David M 39 84 Wimmer J 156 Winfield David 134 Winkelmann Friedhelm 157 Winter JM 6 159 162 Wirth Jean 123 Wise Sydney F 5 Wise Terence 6 47 Wisman Josette A 188 Wohlfeil Rainer 15 153 Wojtasik Janusz 40 Wolfe Michael 61 63 Wolff Philippe 163 Wood Diana 30 Worstbrock Franz Josef 169 Wright Hal 87 Wright John W 5 Wright Nicholas 15 166 Wright NAR 30 175 188 Wright Quincy 6 Wuumlbbeke Brigitte M 142

Yapp ME 41 44 45 47 58 101 157 158 Young Peter 50 Yves Jean 123

Zahariade Mihail 69 Zajac William 44 Zajaczkowski Ananiasz 188 Zaky Abdur Rahman 86 101 183 188 Zambarbieri Teresa 156 Zannino Adriano 76 Zijlstra-Zweens HM 80 Zook David H 6 Zuckerman Constantine 188 Zug Tucci Hannelore 6 39 166 Zygulski Zdzislaw 40 80


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Book Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

GARLAND MEDIEVAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES VOLUME 21 GARLAND REFERENCE LIBRARY OF THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 2224

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Heather MArden


Eileen Gardiner


Meg Stainsby


Robert JHasenfratz




Eglal Doss-Quinby



Margaret LSwitten

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Everett UCrosby

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EVERETT UCROSBY



2000

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New York NY 10001













Z6725E8 C76 2000 [U37]

01635500940902mdashdc21 00ndash026506



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Contents







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Index 172

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Abbreviations


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Introduction



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ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


REFERENCE WORKS













GENERAL HISTORY



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 3

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 5

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














LATE ROMAN EMPIRE






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 7

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















EARLY MIDDLE AGES



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 9

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

LATER MIDDLE AGES




















Medieval welfare 11

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 13

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 15

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 17

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 19

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 21

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 23

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 25

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 27

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SPAIN AND PORTUGAL















Medieval welfare 29

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















ITALY


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 31

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 33

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









SCANDINAVIA







EASTERN EUROPE




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 35

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






BYZANTINE EMPIRE















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 37

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



MUSLIM STATES




















Medieval welfare 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 41

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












172


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 2 Battles

REFERENCE WORKS











SPECIAL TOPICS






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 45

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















251

Medieval welfare 46

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Battles 47

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















CSchulze 1908)

Medieval welfare 48

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 49

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 50

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









ITALY





148 (1990) 251ndash276

EASTERN EUROPE




Battles 51

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 52

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Battles 53

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 3 Sieges


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Sieges 56

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Medieval welfare 57

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















NORTHERN EUROPE


Naval operations 60

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 61

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Naval operations 62

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SOUTHERN EUROPE














Medieval welfare 63

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Naval operations 64

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 65

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


MUSEUM COLLECTIONS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 67

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 68

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

GENERAL WORKS



















Arms and armor 69

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 70

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















Arms and armor 71

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













NORTHERN EUROPE






Medieval welfare 72

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 73

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 74

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1965) 32ndash54

SOUTHERN EUROPE




Arms and armor 75

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 76

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












Arms and armor 77

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 6 Archery


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 7 Cavalry


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Cavalry 82

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Medieval welfare 83

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Weapons

GENERAL WORKS















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















NORTHERN EUROPE




Medieval welfare 87

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













SOUTHERN EUROPE







Medieval welfare 89

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 93

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 94

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 95

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







LATE ROMAN EMPIRE












Medieval welfare 96

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















1984)

Fortifications 97

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 98

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Fortifications 99

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 101

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 103

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 105

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Fortifications 107

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 109

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 111

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









1967)







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















X 1979)

ITALY







Fortifications 113

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 115

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














SCANDINAVIA






Fortifications 117

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







EASTERN EUROPE














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 119

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Fortifications 121

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS












EARLY MIDDLE AGES




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1977) 105ndash110





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















SPAIN AND PORTUGAL




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












ITALY








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


EASTERN EUROPE

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























137ndash160


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















War and peace 150

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















The laws of war 154

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























The laws of war 156

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Index


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 173

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 175

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 177

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 179

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 181

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 183

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 185

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 187

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 189

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 191

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Issacs Ann K 36



Index 193

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 195

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 197

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 199

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Index 201

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 203

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 205

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 207

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 209

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 211

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 213

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Book Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents






Heather MArden


Eileen Gardiner


Meg Stainsby


Robert JHasenfratz




Eglal Doss-Quinby



Margaret LSwitten

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Everett UCrosby

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


EVERETT UCROSBY



2000

Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



New York NY 10001













Z6725E8 C76 2000 [U37]

01635500940902mdashdc21 00ndash026506



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Contents







Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Index 172

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Abbreviations


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Introduction



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


REFERENCE WORKS













GENERAL HISTORY



Dow

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ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 3

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 5

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














LATE ROMAN EMPIRE






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 7

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















EARLY MIDDLE AGES



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 9

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

LATER MIDDLE AGES




















Medieval welfare 11

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 13

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 15

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 17

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 19

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 21

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 23

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 25

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 27

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SPAIN AND PORTUGAL















Medieval welfare 29

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















ITALY


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 31

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 33

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









SCANDINAVIA







EASTERN EUROPE




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 35

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






BYZANTINE EMPIRE















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 37

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



MUSLIM STATES




















Medieval welfare 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 41

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












172


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 2 Battles

REFERENCE WORKS











SPECIAL TOPICS






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 45

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















251

Medieval welfare 46

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Battles 47

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















CSchulze 1908)

Medieval welfare 48

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 49

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 50

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









ITALY





148 (1990) 251ndash276

EASTERN EUROPE




Battles 51

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 52

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Battles 53

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 3 Sieges


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Sieges 56

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Medieval welfare 57

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















NORTHERN EUROPE


Naval operations 60

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 61

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Naval operations 62

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SOUTHERN EUROPE














Medieval welfare 63

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Naval operations 64

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 65

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


MUSEUM COLLECTIONS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 67

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 68

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

GENERAL WORKS



















Arms and armor 69

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 70

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















Arms and armor 71

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













NORTHERN EUROPE






Medieval welfare 72

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 73

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 74

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1965) 32ndash54

SOUTHERN EUROPE




Arms and armor 75

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 76

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












Arms and armor 77

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 6 Archery


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 7 Cavalry


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Cavalry 82

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Medieval welfare 83

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Weapons

GENERAL WORKS















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















NORTHERN EUROPE




Medieval welfare 87

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













SOUTHERN EUROPE







Medieval welfare 89

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 93

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 94

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 95

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







LATE ROMAN EMPIRE












Medieval welfare 96

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















1984)

Fortifications 97

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 98

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Fortifications 99

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 101

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 103

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 105

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Fortifications 107

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 109

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 111

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









1967)







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















X 1979)

ITALY







Fortifications 113

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 115

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














SCANDINAVIA






Fortifications 117

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







EASTERN EUROPE














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 119

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Fortifications 121

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS












EARLY MIDDLE AGES




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1977) 105ndash110





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















SPAIN AND PORTUGAL




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












ITALY








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


EASTERN EUROPE

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























137ndash160


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















War and peace 150

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















The laws of war 154

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























The laws of war 156

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Index


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 173

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 175

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 177

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 179

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 181

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 183

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 185

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 187

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 189

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 191

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Issacs Ann K 36



Index 193

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 195

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 197

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 199

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Index 201

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 203

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 205

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 207

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 209

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 211

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 213

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Book Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents




Everett UCrosby

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


EVERETT UCROSBY



2000

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



New York NY 10001













Z6725E8 C76 2000 [U37]

01635500940902mdashdc21 00ndash026506



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Contents







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Index 172

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Abbreviations


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Introduction



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

MEDIEVAL WARFARE

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


REFERENCE WORKS













GENERAL HISTORY



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 3

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 5

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














LATE ROMAN EMPIRE






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 7

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















EARLY MIDDLE AGES



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 9

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

LATER MIDDLE AGES




















Medieval welfare 11

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 13

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 15

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 17

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Medieval welfare 19

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 21

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 23

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 25

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 27

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SPAIN AND PORTUGAL















Medieval welfare 29

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















ITALY


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 31

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 33

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









SCANDINAVIA







EASTERN EUROPE




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 35

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






BYZANTINE EMPIRE















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 37

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



MUSLIM STATES




















Medieval welfare 39

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 41

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












172


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 2 Battles

REFERENCE WORKS











SPECIAL TOPICS






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 45

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















251

Medieval welfare 46

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Battles 47

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















CSchulze 1908)

Medieval welfare 48

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Battles 49

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 50

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









ITALY





148 (1990) 251ndash276

EASTERN EUROPE




Battles 51

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 52

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Battles 53

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 3 Sieges


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Sieges 56

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Medieval welfare 57

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















NORTHERN EUROPE


Naval operations 60

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Medieval welfare 61

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Naval operations 62

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







SOUTHERN EUROPE














Medieval welfare 63

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Naval operations 64

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 65

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


MUSEUM COLLECTIONS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 67

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 68

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

GENERAL WORKS



















Arms and armor 69

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 70

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















Arms and armor 71

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













NORTHERN EUROPE






Medieval welfare 72

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Arms and armor 73

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 74

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1965) 32ndash54

SOUTHERN EUROPE




Arms and armor 75

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Medieval welfare 76

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












Arms and armor 77

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 6 Archery


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

CHAPTER 7 Cavalry


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Cavalry 82

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Medieval welfare 83

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Weapons

GENERAL WORKS















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

















NORTHERN EUROPE




Medieval welfare 87

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













SOUTHERN EUROPE







Medieval welfare 89

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6













Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 93

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Medieval welfare 94

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 95

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







LATE ROMAN EMPIRE












Medieval welfare 96

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















1984)

Fortifications 97

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Medieval welfare 98

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Fortifications 99

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 101

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 103

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Fortifications 105

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Fortifications 107

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 109

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Fortifications 111

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






SPAIN AND PORTUGAL









1967)







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















X 1979)

ITALY







Fortifications 113

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 115

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














SCANDINAVIA






Fortifications 117

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







EASTERN EUROPE














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Fortifications 119

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Fortifications 121

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


GENERAL WORKS












EARLY MIDDLE AGES




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















(1977) 105ndash110





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6















SPAIN AND PORTUGAL




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6












ITALY








Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


EASTERN EUROPE

















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























137ndash160


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6
















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6









Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





















War and peace 150

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6











Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















The laws of war 154

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























The laws of war 156

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6














Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6























Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6







Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



















Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6






Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Index


Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 173

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 175

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 177

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 179

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 181

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 183

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 185

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 187

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 189

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 191

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

Issacs Ann K 36



Index 193

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 195

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 197

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 199

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Index 201

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 203

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 205

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 207

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 209

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6




Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6



Index 211

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6


Index 213

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6





Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Uni

vers

ity o

f D

efen

ce]

at 2

120

19

May

201

6

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