Domestic Mo-99 Production - ExchangeMonitor Moly-99 Productions.pdfMo-99/Tc-99m Generators •...
Transcript of Domestic Mo-99 Production - ExchangeMonitor Moly-99 Productions.pdfMo-99/Tc-99m Generators •...
Domestic Mo-99 ProductionA look at efforts to secure a U.S. supply
Roy W. Brown
Sr. Director, Strategic Alliances
Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals
September 11, 2015
Background on Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Medicine & Radiopharmaceuticals• Radiopharmaceuticals are FDA approved
drugs which are labeled with small quantities of radionuclides.
• The radiopharmaceutical concentrates in the area of the body to be examined where special cameras capture the nuclear particles or photons emitted by the radiopharmaceutical producing a visual image of the body system, organ or tissue
• Globally 30 million patients benefit from these procedures each year.
Tc-99m MDP Whole Body Scan
Tc-99m Sestimibi Cardiac Stress Test
The Importance of Mo-99/Tc-99m• Today, over 100 different nuclear medicine
applications exist, such as diagnosing heart disease, brain disorders, infections and treating cancer
• More than 80% of these applications (procedures) use Tc-99m from Mo-99/Tc-99m generators
• These procedures are one of the most accurate methods of combating cardiovascular disease
• This technique makes early diagnosis possible, thereby saving patients and the health industry millions of dollars every year
IMAGING THE LUNGSFOR BLOOD CLOTS
DIAGNOSING BRAIN DISORDERS
ACCURATELY DIAGNOSING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
EXPOSING THE SPREADOF CANCER
DIAGNOSING THYROID CANCER
SCANNING BONESFOR INFECTION
The Importance of Mo-99 & Tc-99m• Vital part of diagnostic and therapeutic
management of patients
– Nuclear cardiology represents 60%– Bone Imaging represents 17%
– Other imaging of brain, endocrine system, lungs, GI & GU tract, infection, and others.
• There are also a number of therapeutic nuclear medicine treatments for bone pain palliation related to Prostate Cancer, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Thyroid Cancer
Breakdown of Tc-99m Nuclear Medicine Studies
Mo-99/Tc-99m Generators
• Tc-99m is a very effective radionuclide to image patients, but it’s 6 hour half-life creates delivery challenges.
• A generator provides a supply of Tc-99m that effectively decays with the half-life of the Mo-99 (~3 days) rather than the half–life of the Tc-99m (6 hours)
• Generators are typically used for two weeks, but can be used longer
Ultra-Technekow™ DTE Technetium Tc 99m Generator
Mo-99/Tc-99m Generator Operation
• The conventional Tc-99m generator utilizes a chromatographic column to selectively bind the Mo-99 to the substrate (aluminum oxide)
• The sodium molybdate (Mo-99) is chemically bound to the aluminum oxide in the column
• Saline solution is passed across the column to elute the sodium pertechnetate (Tc-99m)
Mo-99 Market Demand*
*Sources: Internal data. OECD report “The Supply of Medical Isotopes”, June 2011, with total demand revised.
Global Mo-99 Demand Approximately: 9,000 Ci / week
58%
25%
3%
8%2%
4%
Global Mo-99 Demand by Geography
North AmericaEMEALatin AmericaJapanChinaOther Asia
Production of Mo-99
The Eight Main Reactors for Irradiating Mo-99 Targets
OSIRIS ReactorThe OSIRIS reactor is scheduled to shut down at the end of 2015.
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High Flux Reactor (HFR)The HFR is property of the European Commission and is operated by the Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG).
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National Research Universal (NRU)Chalk River Laboratories are situated on the banks of the Ottawa River, in the upper Ottawa valley, Ontario.
Nuclear Research Centre (BR2)Belgian Reactor 2
Maria Research ReactorPoland
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South African Fundamental Atomic Research Installation (SAFARI-1)
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OPAL ReactorAustralia
• Most of these reactors are 50-60 years old
• None are located close to the largest Mo-99/Tc-99m market (U.S.)
• A domestic supply would help with the security of supply
The Current U.S. Mo-99/Tc-99m Generator Supply ChainReactor Mo-99
ExtractionMo-99
Purification
HFR
BR2
OSIRIS
NRU
Safari
OPAL
Maria
MallinckrodtNetherlands
IREBelgium
NTP
AECL Nordion
ANSTO
MallinckrodtU.S.
Lantheus
LVR-15
Mo-99Processing
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RADWASTE SUMMIT
SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
Presented by:
Carolyn Haass, Chief Operating Officer
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Organization
Irradiation Services
University Reactors
Radioisotope Production Facility Technology Demonstration
Engineering Design
Licensing and Environmental Permitting
Criticality, Shielding, and Safety Analysis
Transportation
ATKINS3rd Reactor
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Primary Assumptions Single Radioisotope Production Facility (RPF)
– 99Mo produced using a fission based-method – “Gold Standard”
– Nominal capacity 3,500 6-day Ci; surge capacity of 1,500 6-day Ci
– Use low-enriched uranium (LEU)
– Recover 99Mo from LEU targets using standard chemical processes
Utilize network of University Reactors
– Utilize same target design for all reactors
Recycling processed LEU for reuse as target material
Fission product releases will comply with environmental release criteria and WOSMIP guidelines
Generate Class A, B, and C wastes; no GTCC waste
Uranium processing and storage will meet all required Safeguards & Security Requirements
Target
Dissolution
Irradiated LEU
Targets from
Reactor
Mo Recovery
& Purification
LEU Recovery
& Recycle
Decay
Storage
Waste
ManagementRadioisotope
Distributor
Mo99
I2, Kr, Xe
Removal
or Capture
Recycled LEU
back to LEU
Target Production
System
Accumulation Beds
(e.g., carbon, others)
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NWMI Project Status and Schedule
Status
– Construction Permit (CP)
Application submitted
– RPF preliminary design completed;
Final design initiated
– Regularly producing Ci (6-day) of 99Mo from proof of concept
demonstrations
– Technology optimization currently
being performed
– Siting Decision Taken; Option
formalized– Network of irradiation suppliers
complete
Summary Schedule
– NRC CP approval anticipated early
2016
– Construction of RPF 2016 into 2017
– Initiation of production mid-2017
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Technology
LEU target material is
fabricated (both fresh LEU
and recycled U)
LEU Target material
encapsulated using metal
cladding LEU Target
LEU Targets are
packaged and shipped to
university reactors for
irradiation
After irradiation, targets
are shipped back to RPF
Irradiated LEU targets
disassembled
Irradiated LEU targets
dissolved into a solution for
processing
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Facility Description 1st Level footprint ~52,000 ft2
– Target Fabrication Area
– Hot Cell Processing area (Dissolution, 99Mo and 235U recovery)
– Waste Management, Laboratory and Utility Areas
Basement ~2,000 ft2 (tank hot cell, decay vault)
2nd Level ~17,000 ft2 (Utility, Ventilation, Off-Gas Equipment)
WM Out Building ~1,200 ft2
Administration Building (outside of secured RPF area) ~10,000 ft2
High bay roof – 65 ft
Mechanical area, 2nd Floor – 46 ft
Top of exhaust stack – 75 ft
Loading dock (back) roof – 20 ft
Support & Admin (front) roof – 12 ft
Depth below grade for Hot Cell/HIC storage – 15 ft
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NRC Licensing Strategy
Combine several license activities and submit one application that covers all applicable
regulations for construction/operation of RPF under 10 CFR 50
University Reactor(s) and Cask Licensee(s) will amend their current operating license’s
10 CFR 50 Activities
– Irradiated Target receipt
– Irradiated target disassembly
– Target dissolution
– 99Mo separations, purification and packaging
– LEU reclamation and purification
– Waste management
– Associated laboratory and support
10 CFR 70 Activities
– Receipt of LEU (from DOE)
– Production of LEU microspheres
– Target fabrication and testing
– Shipping/loading of fabricated targets
– Llaboratory and support areas
10 CFR 30 Activities
– Handling of byproduct material
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Radioisotope Production Facility Layout
NWMI-040132r01
Target fabrication area
Waste management area
Laboratory area
Tank
hot cell
Irradiated target
receipt area
10 CFR 70
Utility area
Administration and
support area
10 CFR 50
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NWMI Challenges and Advantages
Advantages
NWMI 99Mo indistinguishable from
existing supply
– No change to generators
– No change to diagnostic modality
Network of existing University
irradiation suppliers
– Assurance of supply
– Surge capacity
Target Design
– Reactor safety
– No dissolution of metal cladding
Novel process extraction and
purification chemistry
– Proven Efficient
– 235U reclamation
Challenges
Heavily regulated industry with significant
review processes that are critical path to
production
National laboratory capability to support
optimization testing
Uranium lease take back
– T&C for both lease and take back
– Need of R&D LEU quantities not
integrated
– Receipt of LEU for commercial
production when required
– Requirements for LEU take back
Micro-porous Sorbent for 99Mo/99mTc Generator using (n,) 99Mo
L.F. Centofanti
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.
Isotope Production
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Fission vs. Neutron Activation Process
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235U(n, f)99Mo 98Mo(n,)99Mo
Requires enriched 235U target Requires high purity molybdenum
Produces high specific activity of 99Mo Produce low specific activity of 99Mo
Generates high level radioactive waste Generates minimal waste
Great concern about secondary fission
product
No fission product
Export of highly controlled material
required
Non-fissile material.
No proliferation concerns.
Medical Isotope ManufacturePerma-Fix Approach• Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. has completed initial development
of a prototype 99mTc generator using a patent pending micro-porous composite (MPCM) resin
– MPCM can adsorb commercially significant amounts of low specific activity 99Mo produced by neutron activation
– MPCM based 99Mo/99mTc generator has the potential to allow neutron activated 99Mo to contribute significantly to the supply chain
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MPCM at a glance• MPCM was prepared using phase inversion technique
• The surface area of MPCM is very high - 15 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.012 cc/g
• MPCM is amorphous in nature
• Temperatures up to 100 °C do not adversely affect the adsorption capacity of MPCM
• MPCM resin is found to be resistant to extreme pH conditions
• The structure of MPCM has been demonstrated to maintain its integrity when exposed to 50,000 Krad Co-60 gamma radiation
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MPCM Key Properties• MPCM has the capacity to adsorb up to 700 mg of Mo per dry gram
compared to alumina that holds approximately 20 mg/g
• The elution efficiency of a MPCM based generator exceeds 80% of the 99mTc generated
• Cost effective to prepare
• Adsorbs 99Mo quickly and efficiently
• Handling and hydraulic properties similar to alumina facilitate generator manufacture
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MPCM based 99Mo/99mTc Generator• MPCM high adsorption capacity allows the use of neutron activated 99Mo
within a footprint similar to current generator designs
• Creates US Supply Chain
• Internationally creates local supply chain
• Does not require the use of uranium targets
• No “orphan” waste generated
• Cost competitive at existing price structure
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Successful Technology Validation
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• First set of independent tests conducted at POLATOM, the national center for nuclear research in Warsaw, Poland
– Reaffirmed previous testing
• Second set of tests conducted at the Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR) in Columbia, Missouri, USA
• Demonstrated 6.0 Ci Mo-99 in a column– Natural Molybdenum
– 1.5Ci Mo-99/g of Proprietary MPCM resin
– higher elution efficiency (80%+)
Katrina PitasVice President Business Development,
SHINE Medical Technologies
Modern, LEU-based, domestic
Mo-99 production
SHINE Technology Overview
• Integrated production and refining
• SHINE irradiation unit is a hybrid
– Accelerator-based D-T neutron generator acts as “spark plug”
– Neutrons multiply in subcritical uranium sulfate solution, allowing for very high yield
• Plant capacity around two-thirds U.S. demand (4000 6-day Ci/week)
• Fission Mo allows use of existing supply chain, no changes to pharmacy practices
• Cost effective approach
• Fission process ensures access to other isotopes, including I-131 and Xe-133
Neutron Generator
Subcritical Assembly
A modernized approach to making Mo-99
Facility Design
• Preliminary design completed early 2013
• Approximately 55,000 sq. ft. hardened production facility
• 8 irradiation units – ensures high reliability, flexible production schedule
• Independent hot cell chains further increase reliability and flexibility
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Major facility design and community integration effort has taken place
Regulatory
• Primary regulatory authority is the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Submitted construction permit application in 2013
– Approximately 4000 pages– First application of its type to be docketed since the
1960s
• Have moved rapidly through application process• Draft Environmental Impact Statement was
issued in May• On track for construction permit issuance late
2015/early 2016
SHINE noted as model applicant and moving “at the speed of light” by NRC
“The Commission has approved publication of a Direct Final Rule as one step … addressing the construction permit application from SHINE. Others are not as far along in the process.”
-- Allison M. Macfarlane, NRC Chairman, August 27, 2014
NRC Construction Permitting ProcessMilestone Date Status
Receipt of Construction Permit Application
(Part 1of 2)March 2013 Complete
Receipt of Construction Permit Application
(Part 2 of 2)May 2013 Complete
Docketing of Construction Permit Application
(Part 1 of 2)July 2013 Complete
Environmental Scoping Meeting July 2013 Complete
Environmental SiteAudit August 2013 Complete
Issuance of Request for Additional
Information on Environmental ReportAugust 2013 Complete
Docketing of Construction Permit Application
(Part 2 of 2)
December
2013Complete
Issuance of Request for AdditionalInformation on Preliminary Safety
Analysis Report and Environmental Report
September
2014Complete
Milestone Date Status
Issuance of Supplemental Requests for
Additional Information on Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report and
Environmental Report
January 2015
March 2015
Complete
Pending
Completion of Draft Environmental Impact
StatementMay 2015 Complete
Completion of Safety Evaluation Report with
Open ItemsJuly 2015 Complete
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
Subcommittee MeetingsJune 2015 Underway
Advisory Committee on Reactor
Safeguards Full Committee MeetingOctober 2015 Pending
Publication of Safety Evaluation Report October 2015 Pending
Publication of Environmental Impact
StatementOctober 2015 Pending
Mandatory Hearing on Construction Permit
ApplicationTBD Pending
Strategic Progress
• Supply agreements signed with GE Healthcare and
Lantheus Medical Imaging in 2014
– First agreements with a U.S.-based producer
– First supply agreements with a non-government producer
• Additional supply agreements under negotiation
• SHINE market entry coincides with NRU shutdown in 2018 and the end of Canadian emergency production
Market conditions continue to provide a unique opportunity for SHINE
In Conclusion…SHINE technology and process has several clear competitive advantages
• U.S.-based, will avoid significant decay loss
• Operating costs much lower than reactor
• Substantially reduced material costs
• Product fits seamlessly into the existing supply chain
• Utilizes existing technetium generators
• Market validation – supply agreements executed with two of the largest Mo-99 buyers
• Proven accelerator technology replaces nuclear reactor
• Avoids the use of weapons-grade HEU completely
Superior EconomicsDemonstrated,
Patented TechnologyCompatible with Existing Market
Jim HarveySr. VP & Chief Science Officer,
Northstar
NorthStar’s Technologies for Producing Mo-99
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• Near Term Solution (1H2016)o Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR)
Contract in place effective March 2011, extended thru 2019 in 2014
o Will have the capability to produce >50% of the US requirement
o Developing ORC and redundancy with Westinghouse Electric Company
• Long Term Solution (2017/2018)o NorthStar’s electron accelerator methodology for the production of Molybdenum-99
o Will have the capability to produce >50% of the US requirement
• Once up and running both solutions will be used to supply not only the US market but also ROW
• These two approaches utilize NorthStar’s RadioGenix™ technology in order to guarantee success
Near Term and Long Term Solutions
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Production of Mo99• NorthStar has been active in this option since 2009
o MURR originally produced Mo99 with nat-Mo up until mid-1980’s
• NorthStar/MURR capable of producing up to 3,000+ 6D Ci per week o One target set; one or more irradiation cans, per week (60 6D Ci – 3,000+ 6D Ci
Mo99; nat or enriched Mo dependent) processed
o Steady weekly production, and
o Dedicated shipping to client pharmacies from Columbia, MO; with return of
spent Mo99 solutions to Beloit, WI for recycle if enriched Mo98 used; otherwise
dispose of after DNS
• Production start upon FDA approval of the RadioGenix system
• No licensing issues; within scope of MURR’s current license
• No technical challenges
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Production of Mo99 via Reactor at MURR
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MURR NorthStar Dispensing Line #1
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MURR NorthStar Dispensing Line #2
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NorthStar Successful Integrated Production Run
• Announced May 5, 2015 that we successfully completed a full
scale production run of 100 6D Ci that included:o Target preparation
o Target irradiation
o Mo99 extraction/preparation
o Transfer to dispensing line
o Fill NorthStar Type A shipping vessels
o Ship overnight with receipt at facility within 8 hours
Mount and run RGX successfully to produce Tc99m
All microbiology and sterility data favorable
Successful completion and validation critical to FDA approval
Production of Mo99 via Electron Accelerator
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• NorthStar has been active in this field since Nov 2007o NorthStar funded effort at RPI in early 2008 to validate the 1999 INL publication
o Produced small quantities of Mo99 in that study and validated calculated estimates and
experimental results were comparable
• NorthStar facility will house electron linear accelerators capable of producing
>3,000 6D Ci per weeko steady, redundant production on a daily basis
o Have completed 4 x 24hr irradiations at ANL with targets processed and resulting Mo99 shipped
to NorthStar overnight for processing with RGX
o 6.5 day irradiation scheduled in Sept 2015
o No major remaining technical challenges; optimizing the full process
• Facility location - Beloit, WIo Located immediately adjacent to a new power substation being built with NorthStar requirements
incorporated in the design including redundant power from two separate transmission line sources
RadioGenix™
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RadioGenix™ FDA Timeline
• October 2010 NorthStar met with the FDA to outline a path to NDA submission
• MURR submitted DMF for production via neutron capture in September 2012
• NorthStar submitted RadioGenix™ (TechneGen) DMF in October 2012
• January 2013 NorthStar submitted its NDA
• NorthStar received its Complete Response letter from the FDA on November 4, 2013 outlining deficiencies primarily in two areas
o Microbiological Control
o User Manuals
• NorthStar met with the FDA on February 27, 2014 to gain clarity on the CR letter
o NorthStar has submitted to FDA its revised Microbiological Test Plan (MTP) for comment
o Met with the FDA July 2, 2014 to MTP; “appears to answer our questions”
• NorthStar added ozone sterilization to the system and made other enhancements as a result
• NorthStar now generating data to support Amendment 11 to the NDA; to be submitted 4QTR15
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NorthStar Beloit Facility
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Occupancy May 2015
Waste Profile
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• No uranium use (no Class C, GTCC or transuranic waste) thus all waste is Class A
waste providing major technical and cost advantages
o Tc99g requires monitoring in our waste profile 55 gal drum at 90 days decay will be <10% of limit
o Other isotopes at disposal time (nat-Mo targets):
Initial 90d
µCi/Ci Mo99 µCi/Ci Mo99
Sb-124 (↓) 3.96E-06 1.41E-06
Nb-92m (↓) 7.00E-06 1.48E-08
Nb-95 (↑) 2.13E-07 3.59E-08
Zr-95 (↑) 2.67E-08 1.01E-08
Cs-134 (↓) 6.67E-09 6.14E-09
Selective Gaseous Extraction:A transformational Molybdenum-99production technology
Tom Burnett
President, Medical Isotopes, Nordion
Sept 11, 2015
About Nordion
Nordion is a health science company that provides market-
leading products used for the prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of disease.
We’ve been delivering safe, high-quality products to
global customers for more than 60 years.
To best serve the diversity of our customers’ requirements,
we are organized into two business units–Sterilization
Technologies and Medical Isotopes.
APPROXIMATELY
375 EMPLOYEESSUPPLY OVER
500 CUSTOMERS
AROUND
30 PRODUCTSACROSS MORE THAN
40 COUNTRIES
Nordion: Experts in the Critical Supply Chain (Mo-99)
• Established, reliable facilities providing high-quality isotopes to global customers• Specialty skills in operations, regulatory affairs and global logistics• Manufacturing Mo-99 for 40 years
Irradiation of
HEU targets to
produce crude
isotopes
NUCLEAR
REACTORS
Purification of
Mo-99 and
distribution to global
radiopharmaceutical
manufacturers
MEDICAL ISOTOPE
PROCESSORS
Tc-99m
Generator
manufacturing
and distribution to
radiopharmacies
RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
MANUFACTURERS
Unit dose
compounding and
distribution to
hospital/departments
RADIOPHARMACIES
AND HOSPITALS
Critical physiological
diagnosis enabling
informed therapeutic
decisions
PHYSICIANS
AND PATIENTS
Nordion Future Mo-99 Supply Options
Since 2008 Over 50 worldwide files/projects have been evaluated• Both Reactor and Accelerator-Based
Supply Selection Criteria1. Non HEU-based technology/targets2. Credible Partners3. Leverages existing infrastructure/capabilities to drive efficiency4. Commercial feasibility – for Nordion and partners5. Timeline - potential for commercialization in the near term
Nordion Current Mo-99 Supply• Nordion’s current supply chain utilizes the National Research
Universal (NRU) reactor operated by Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL)
• The NRU is scheduled to cease routine production of Mo-99 in November 2016.
• Government of Canada announced on February 6, 2015 its support of the extension of the NRU operations until March 31, 2018 to help support global medical isotope demand in the unexpected circumstances of shortages during this time.
• Nordion will maintain standby capability for processing Mo-99 from the NRU from Nov 1, 2016 to Mar 31, 2018 to mitigate potential global shortages and ensure processing capacity during a period of increased supply risk.
Nordion Announcement – Feb 20, 2015
Partnership with General Atomics and the Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR)
• Mo-99 supply utilizing proprietary Selective Gaseous Extraction (SGE) technology
• Leverages existing reactor, processing facility and licensed shipping container infrastructure and capabilities
• Commercial production by the end of 2017
Highly Credible PartnersGeneral Atomics
Target and reactor systems design and manufacturing
• Trusted resource of high-technology systems
• Experts in nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining and processing
• Experts in reactor design: GA TRIGA® research reactors in operations around the world for over 50 years
• Developer of LEU technology utilizing novel reusable target design
Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR)
Premium Reactor Operator and Research Center
• 10-megawatt facility; the largest university research reactor
• Operates 52 weeks a year• 25-year history of successful and
innovative radiopharmaceutical R&D and collaborations with industry
• Strong record of regulatory compliance (US NRC, US FDA)
• Experts in volume radiochemical processing and international shipping
• Nordion’s partner in production of TheraSphere for over 20 years
Nordion
Premier Isotope Producer and Distributor
• Experts in Mo-99 purification into medical grade product since 1975
• Strong record of regulatory compliance (US FDA, EMEA, Health Canada)
• cGMP/GLP - licensed facility• Global leading supplier of Mo-
99 with extensive marketing, sales & distribution expertise
• Global licensed transport container fleet
Missouri University Research Reactor:• Proven Reliability• Robust and Modular Design
Source: MURR
Selective Gas Extraction: Reusable LEU Targets
Mo-99 – Solid
Other solid products
Step 1
Reusable LEU targetirradiated; forms new radioisotopes
Step 2
Gas introduced to target in-situ; desired isotopes are converted to volatile compounds
Step 3
Gas extracted with desired isotopes and transported to collection system
Reusable LEU target
Isotope – Gas
• Uranium waste and liquid waste greatly reduced (less than 10% of current process)
• High volume production – up to 4,200Ci per week
• 52 weeks per year availability
• Mo-99 production flexibility – production can be tailored to market demand
• 100% Compatible with existing Tc-99m generators and established distribution infrastructure
• North America based – proximity to largest market
Key Advantages of SGE Technology
Mo-99 production by SGE process is highly efficient relative to
current and other proposed methods of Mo-99 production
Thank you
Find out more at
www.nordion.com
Follow us at http://twitter.com/NordionInc
DOMESTIC MOLLY-99 PRODUCTION
• Moderator: Roy Brown, Sr. Director, Strategic Alliances, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals
Speakers:– Carolyn Haass, Technical Program Director, Northwest Medical Isotopes– Lou Centrofanti, President and CEO, Perma-Fix Environmental Services– Katrina Pitas, Vice President Business Development, SHINE Medical Technologies– Jim Harvey, Sr. VP & Chief Science Officer, Northstar– Tom Burnett, President Medical Isotopes, Nordion