Do Now: 5/3 From your Brain:

How would you define terrorism? Explain what you think the word means.

Constitutional Rights FoundationWhat is Terrorism?

• Videos on terrorism

• Discussion Question– Why is it difficult to agree upon a universally

accepted definition of terrorism?

Definitions

Europe & the United States’: premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets by subnational groups (usually with the goal to influence an audience)

US Defense Dept: calculated use of or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate govt’s or societies in pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or idealogical.

Definitions (cont)

Iranian religious scholar: an act carried out to achieve inhuman and corrupt objective and involving threat to security of any kind, and in violation of the rights acknowledged by religion and mankind.

More Discussions ?s

Which definition do you favor? Why?

Do you agree that a terrorist act is the equivalent of a peacetime war crime?

Do you think it is important to arrive at a universal definition of terrorism? Why or why not?

Revolutionaries or Terrorists?

• Northern Ireland• South Africa• The Earth Liberation Front• Chechnya• Chiapas

HW: Reading and Questions

Do Now 5/4

Take out your HW,“The Origins and Evolution of Terrorism”

Work on questions 3 and 4

(I will collect and give you hw credit)

Past Terrorist Attacks

• 1983 attack on the Marine Barracks in Beirut

• 1993 World Trade Center Bombinghttp://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2008/february/tradebom_022608

• 1996 Khobar Towers residential complexhttp://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/june-25-1996-khobar-towers-bombing-10190245

Past Terrorist Attacks

• 1998 Embassy bombings in Kenya & Tanzania

• 2000 attack on USS Cole

The attack _____

1. Use the 5 W’s to describe the attack-Who was involved?-What happened?-Where did it take place?-When did it happen?-Why do you think it happened?

2. How is this an act of terrorism? Consider the definitions we looked at.

3. What are your thoughts/reactions to this attack?

Do Now 5/5

From your reading:

What is Islamic Fundamentalism? How did terrorism become associated with the term?

1988

• As Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan, Osama Bin Laden and other Arab fighters from the US-backed mujahideen movement form "al-Qaeda", which in Arabic means "the base". The network begins looking for new jihads (holy wars).

1991

• Osama Bin Laden moves to Sudan where he sets up training camps. Sudan becomes al-Qaeda's base for business operations and preparations for jihad. From here a number of attacks on Western targets are alleged to have been organised or supported.

1993

• Six people are killed and more than 1000 injured by a 500kg bomb planted in the car park of the World Trade Center in New York.

1996

• 2 September 1996 - Osama Bin Laden calls on his followers to "launch a guerrilla war against American forces and expel the infidels from the Arabian Peninsula".

• June 1996 - A bomb rips through a US military housing complex near Dhahran in Saudi Arabia, killing 19 Americans.

1998

• August 1998 - More than 220 people are killed when lorries laden with bombs drove into the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.

• A fatwa issued by Bin Laden and four of his associates in the name of the "World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders" calls for the killing of Americans

2000

• October 2000 - Two suicide attackers ram a boat carrying explosives into the USS Cole near the Yemeni port of Aden, killing 17 US sailors.

In 2004, six suspected al-Qaeda militants are charged in connection with the attack by a Yemeni court.

2001

• Nineteen suspected al-Qaeda members hijack four planes and fly them into the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon in Washington, and a field in Pennsylvania. The worst ever attacks on US soil kill about 3000 people.

Fatwa- religious decree

1. In the second paragraph, bin Laden makes 2 analogies to how Muslim countries are being attacked. Explain these 2 analogies.

2. OBL is upset with the US for 3 three reasons. List and explain these three reasons.

3. Explain who OBL wants Muslims to kill.

Do Now: 5/9

From class Thursday:

Write down a reaction or question to your reading of OBL’s Fatwa. (you should take it out and look it over to refresh your memory)

Why do they hate us?

The Rulers Failed Ideas Enter Religion

PBS Frontline

Frontline