DNA and RNA
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Transcript of DNA and RNA
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DNA and RNA
The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA
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DNA vs. RNA Summary
DNA RNA
By comparison they both have:
Sugar phosphate background
Nitrogenous bases
By contrast each has:
Double strand, double helix
Single strand and various shapes (3)
Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
A=T and C=G A=U and C=G
Stay in the nucleus Nucleus and cytoplasm
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Different 5 – C sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) and Ribose (RNA)
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Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA)
Thymine versus Uracil Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil
in RNA
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vs
DNA
RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid Types (p 288-295)
There are several types. We will focus on the main 3 types:
rRNA: large, makes up structure of ribosomes. - Large globular structure, forms structure with proteins to form ribosome
tRNA: smaller, contains amino acid to match code of mRNA. Compact 3-D structure
mRNA: single strand, provides complementary code from DNA for protein- Single strand may fold back on itself to form H-bonds
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rRNA
rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Located in ribosomes Provides the site on the ribosome where
the protein is assembled
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rRNA Structure
This big “globular” structure is the structure for the ribosome all spread out.
A smaller “glob” provides the second part of the ribosome structure.
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Ribosome: rRNA
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tRNA
tRNA: Transfer ribonucleic acid In humans, more than 40 different tRNA
float freely in the cytoplasm, float to ribosome for protein synthesis
Each tRNA is connected to a different amino acid
Function: to place the correct amino acid in a protein sequence
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tRNA Structure
Specific regions: 3’ end is AMINO
ACID site Anticodon is
complementary to mRNA codon (code)
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tRNA detail
Typically 75 nucleotides long, twisted into a tertiary structure (3-D)
Specific in function to translation of mRNA into protein amino acid sequencing
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tRNA detail
Anticodon: three nucleotide sequence that correlates to a specific amino acid that is attached to its 3’end (amazing isn’t it!)
Anticodon complements the mRNA three nucleotide sequence called the codon.
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mRNA
mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid Long single strand of RNA that has the
coded complement from the DNA. Can fold back to form H-bonds with itself Brings the code from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm, specifically to ribosomes.
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mRNA from DNA – Transcription
DNA molecule is opened at a specific gene site
mRNA is assembled complementary to one DNA strand
When coding is complete, it detaches and floats to the ribosome
DNA re-fits itself. Key enzyme: RNA Polymerase
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mRNA formed at TRANSCRIPTION
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Summary: 3 Main RNA Forms