Diversity• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

Archaea• - Single celled prokaryotes

that reproduce asexually• 4 major phyla• Extremophyles• Have cell walls with no

peptidoglycan• Diverse metabolic

pathways

Bacteria cell Wall

Archaea• Methanogens• Live in the guts of cows,

and termites to help digest cellulose in plant cell walls

• C02->Ch4 (farts)• Methanobrevibacter

smithii

ArchaeaMethanobrevibacter smithii

Scientific classification

Domain: Archaea

Kingdom: Euryarchaeota

Phylum: Euryarchaeota

Class: Methanobacteria

Order: Methanobacteriales

Family: Methanobacteriaceae

Genus: Methanobrevibacter

Species: M. smithii

Binomial name

Methanobrevibacter smithiiBalch and Wolfe 1981

1/10th

Of human Gut microbes!!

http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/EEBprojects/schmidtlab/studentres/EBIO3400/Lecture11.pdf (lots more differences!!!)

Eubacteria• Prokaryotic, single celled• Heterotrophic or

autotrophic• Reproduce asexually with

binary fission

Eubacteria• 1 circular chromosome and

a secondary plasmid

Eubacteria• Classified based on shape,

spores, metabolism(glycolysis for anaerobes , cellular respiration for aerobes), and ability to “gram stain”

Eubacteria

Eubacteria• Cyanobacteria (pond Scum)• Oscillatoria princeps

• D-Eubacteria• K-Eubacteria• P-Cyanobacteria• C- Cyanophyceae• O- Oscillatoriales• F- Oscillatoria• G- Oscillatoria• S- O. princeps

Protista• Protista are simple, usually

unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

• Not animals, not plants, not fungi = Protist!!

• Usually aquatic• Aerobic• Very important component of

plankton• Reproduce sexually or asexually• Divisions (phyla) classified

based on Animal like, Plant like or Fungus like

Protista

• Animal like-> “Protozoa”– Rhizopoda– Apicomplexia– Zoomastigophora– Ciliophora

Protista• Division Rhizopoda• Move with a pseudopod

(false foot)• Eat by engulphing food

(phagacytosis)

Protista• Division Zoomastigophora• “Zooflagelates”

Protista• Division Ciliophora• example- Paramecium• Use cilia to move around

Protista Plantlike Protista-> “Algae”• contain chlorophyll and

carry out photosynthesis • Very important aquatic

primary producers– Dinoflagellata– Euglenophyta– Bacillariophyta– Chlorophyta– Phaeophyta– Rhodophyta

Protista• Bacillariophyta• The “diatoms”

Protista• Dinoflagellata• “Dinoflagelates”• Sometimes show

biolluminescence • Red Tide

Protista• Euglenophyta

– Unicellular flagellates – Primarily freshwater, but

important in some marine environments

– Many are heterotrophic (saprotrophic or phagocytic)

Protista• Chlorophyta• Green algae

Protista• Phenophyta• Brown Algae• Alt of Generations

Protista• Rhodophyta• Red Algae• Nori- Iodine source

Protista• Fungus like• Myxomycota- slime molds• Many nuclei for each giant

cell full of cytoplasm• Use pseudopodia• The organisms in this group

have a complex life cycle during the course of which they go through unicellular, multicellular, funguslike (form spores) and protozoanlike (amoeboid) stages.

Protista• Oomycota• Water molds• Some species (e.g., Saprolegnia, Achyla) are

parasites of fishes and can be a serious problem in fish hatcheries.

• Downy mildews damage grapes and other crops.

• Phytophthora infestans, the cause of the "late blight" of potatoes. In 1845 and again in 1846, it was responsible for the almost total destruction of the potato crop in Ireland. This led to the great Irish famine of 1845–1860. During this period, approximately 1 million people starved to death and many more emigrated to the New World. By the end of the period, death and emigration had reduced the population of Ireland from 9 million to 4 million.

• Phytophthora ramorum, which is currently killing several species of oaks in California.

• Cell wall of cellulose, like plants•

Fungi• Eukaryotic, nonvascular,

Heterotrophic, reproduce sexually and asexually with spores

• Alternation of generations• N-2N• Most are multicellular• Cell walls made of Chitin• Decomposers, parasites, or

mutualists (Mycorrhizea on plant roots for N)

Fungi • Exoenzymes- digest food externally, then ingest it

• Store food energy as glycogen, like animals

• Vegetative-> Hyphae-Mycellium

• Fruiting body-> Produces spores (the cap)

Fungi Phyla(based on spore arrangement)

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

Asomycota

Basiomycota

FUNGIChytridiomycota(primitive Fungi)Sexual and asexual reproductionSpores are motile with a flagella

FUNGIZygomycota(the molds)Sexual reproduction with spores with very thick walls

FUNGI

FUNGI Ascomycota- Sac Fungi-75 % of all fungi species-Sexual reproduction-Spores can be found in an ascus sac-Yeasts, Penicillium, truffels

FUNGI Basidiomycota- “da club fungi”-sexual spores are born externally on a club shaped basidium-Gills on fruiting body to increase surface area

Basidium

Pizza Mushroom

D- EukaryaK- FungiP- BasiomycotaC- Hymenomycetes

O- AgricalesF- AgricaceaeG- AgaricusS- A. Bispores