PROTISTS. Domains Classification Review Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species.
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Transcript of PROTISTS. Domains Classification Review Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species.
PROTISTSPROTISTS
Domains
Classification Review
• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
ProtistsProtists
• ProtistsProtists: : • Unicellular Unicellular eukaryoticeukaryotic organisms – very diverse organisms – very diverse
• Over 115,000 speciesOver 115,000 species
• Eukaryotic cells - contain membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotic cells - contain membrane-bound organelles (particularly mitichondria & chloroplasts)(particularly mitichondria & chloroplasts)
• Three major classes of protists (old system but still Three major classes of protists (old system but still used)used)– Animal-like protistsAnimal-like protists– Plant-like protistsPlant-like protists– Fungus-like protistsFungus-like protists
First Eukaryotes
• 1.5 billion years ago
Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists
• Ciliates (Cilia bearing protists)Ciliates (Cilia bearing protists)
– Have Have ciliacilia (short hairlike structures) on (short hairlike structures) on their plasma membranestheir plasma membranes
ParameciumParamecium•Important features:Important features:•Have 2 nucleiHave 2 nuclei
•MacronucleusMacronucleus•MicronucleusMicronucleus
•Feed by forcing H2O into Feed by forcing H2O into GulletGullet forming forming foodfood vacuolesvacuoles
•Excrete wastes through Excrete wastes through anal poreanal pore
•Excrete excess water Excrete excess water through use of through use of contractile contractile vacuolesvacuoles
More ciliatesMore ciliates
Phylum SporozoaPhylum Sporozoa
• Usually parasitic in natureUsually parasitic in nature
• Example is Example is PlasmodiaPlasmodia which causes which causes malariamalaria..– One of the most deadly diseases to manOne of the most deadly diseases to man– Malaria is transmitted by the Malaria is transmitted by the AnophelesAnopheles mosquito mosquito..
Lifecycle of Lifecycle of PlasmodiaPlasmodia
Phylum SarcodinaPhylum SarcodinaProtists with false feetProtists with false feet
• Use extensions of cytoplasm to move and Use extensions of cytoplasm to move and feed. feed.
• Extensions are called Extensions are called pseudopodspseudopods (false (false feet) feet)
AmoebasAmoebas
More amoebasMore amoebas
Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists
• Are usually Are usually photosyntheticphotosynthetic, and also , and also heterotrophicheterotrophic..
• Most are unicellular, most are motileMost are unicellular, most are motile
• Example is euglena.
• Has a flagellum, is motile
• Is both heterotrophic & autotrophic
EuglenaEuglena
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates • Have 2 flagella for motilityHave 2 flagella for motility• • Often have a cellulose covering Often have a cellulose covering
DiatomsDiatoms• Most abundant form of marine algae.Most abundant form of marine algae.
• Form silicon (glass) shells to protect themselvesForm silicon (glass) shells to protect themselves
Red Algae (Rhodophyta)Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Red Algae (Rhodophyta)Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
• Red TideRed Tide
Red algeal bloomRed algeal bloom
Brown Algae (Rhodophyta)Brown Algae (Rhodophyta)
• Brown Algae Brown Algae (Rhodophyta)(Rhodophyta)
– Most Plant-Most Plant-like of all like of all algae.algae.
– Include kelpsInclude kelps
– Can grow to Can grow to huge sizes huge sizes (100')(100')
– ..
Giant Kelp ForestGiant Kelp Forest
Fungus like Protists:Fungus like Protists:
• Fungus like Protists:Fungus like Protists:– Act as decomposersAct as decomposers– Often have a slimy appearance/texture, Often have a slimy appearance/texture,
hence their name.hence their name.– 3 types: 3 types:
• Plasmodial slime moldsPlasmodial slime molds• Cellular slime moldsCellular slime molds• Water moldsWater molds
Plasmodial Slime MoldsPlasmodial Slime Molds• Plasmodial Slime MoldsPlasmodial Slime Molds
– Can grow very large, however, is still a single cell (with many nuclei)Can grow very large, however, is still a single cell (with many nuclei)
– Feeding stage is called a plasmodium.Feeding stage is called a plasmodium.
– Forms fruiting bodies under stress.Forms fruiting bodies under stress.
More slime molds
Cellular Slime Molds: Cellular Slime Molds:
Cellular Slime Molds: Cellular Slime Molds: •Exists a majority Exists a majority of its life cycle as of its life cycle as an amoebaan amoeba
•In times of stress In times of stress these amoebas these amoebas unite to form a unite to form a PseudoplasmodiumPseudoplasmodium, which crawls to , which crawls to another location another location (slug form), and (slug form), and forms a fruiting forms a fruiting bodybody
Water moldsWater molds:
• Water molds:Water molds:– Completely Completely
aquaticaquatic– Often Often
decomposersdecomposers– Sometimes Sometimes
parasiticparasitic
Water mold attacking a fish Water mold attacking a fish