DISSERTATION –SYNOPSIS

DR. SANKET KAMURTI

POSTGRADUATE STUDENT

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS

BATCH 2013-2014

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Bangalore

ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR MDS DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate DR. SANKET KAMURTI

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE-575 004

2. Name of the Institution A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL

SCIENCES

KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE -575 004

3. Course of the study and subject MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY

PROSTHODONTICS

4. Date of admission to course 4th JULY 2013

5. Title of the topic “AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT

OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF

BLEACHING AGENTS ON THE

SURFACE OF PORCELAIN”- AN IN

VITRO STUDY.

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6. Brief resume of the intended work

6.1 Need for the study

Whitening of teeth using bleaching agents has been advocated for intrinsic as well

as extrinsic stains. Whitening toothpaste and mouthrinses may be able to remove some

of extrinsic stains on teeth but only teeth whitening agents are potential to remove

intrinsic and extrinsic stains.

Active ingradient in bleaching agent (either carbamide peroxide or hydrogen

peroxide) penetrates enamel to get discoloured molecules. Oxygen molecules from

bleaching agent react with the discoloured molecules in teeth, breaking the bonds that

bonds them together. The oxygen molecules spread whitening the entire tooth.

Use of bleaching agents has reduced the microhardness of feldspathic dental

porcelain. Rougheneing of porcelain may occur following the use of bleaching agents

depending on the type of porcelain used, resulting in a possible increase in plaque

accumulation. This increases the susceptibility to periodontal diseases.

Surface roughness of porcelain caused due to bleaching agents is also responsible for

accumulation of stains on the tooth surface.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of bleaching

agents on the surface of porcelain as measured by surface roughness .

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6.2 Review of literature

1. Sebnem Begum Turker et al. (2003) Examination of the effects of 3 proprietary carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the surface properties of 3

dental esthetic restorative materials was done. Three bleaching products used in

this study were NiteWhite, Opalescence and Rembrant Lighten Gel. Three

restorative materials used were Duceram, Fuji II LC, and Silux Plus. Results

showed that surface roughness values for all restorative materials increased

during the bleaching procedure. The only significant increase was found with

the effect of Rembrant bleaching gel on modified glass ionomer cement. Surface

roughness value increased significantly during the first 2 weeks for all

bleaching groups of each restorative material and no significant changes

were seen in the following periods modified glass ionomer specimens bleached with NiteWhite and Rembrant showed an increase in mass percentage of SiO2, whereas Opalescence specimens showed a decrease. However, there were no

significant difference between the groups.

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2. Venessa Cavalli et al (2003): Evaluation of the effects of low concentrations

of carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the ultimate tensile strength of

enamel. The materials used for bleaching agents were Opalscence10%,

Opalescence 15%, Opalescence 20%, Whiteness 10% and Whiteness 16%.

Results showed that specimens subjected to the bleaching regimen presented

Significantly lower ultimate tensile strength than the control group. No difference were found among the type and concentration of the bleaching agents

3. Craig J. Butler et al (2004): Comparision of the surface roughness of 3

different porcelains was done when exposed to 2 fluoride solutions, a 10%

carbamide peroxide and distilled water. Material used for this study were

feldspathic porcelain ( ceramco II), low fusing porcelain (finesse) and an

aluminium porcelain (all ceram). Fluorides used were 1.23% APF and 0.4%

stannous fluoride. Bleaching agents used was 10% carbamide peroxide.The result showed that the acidulated phosphate fluoride etched the auto-glazed surfaces of

all 3 porcelain. For finesse specimens, the mean Ra value for the auto-glazed

surface were significantly higher than that of the control after immersion in

1.23% APF. All ceram auto-glazed surface specimens had a significantly higher

mean Ra value when immersed in 3 solutions than the control. Ceram II

specimens were affected by all 3 solutions, with the auto-glazed surface having

higher Ra values. Immersion in the 3 solutions had no effect on the polished

surfaces of all ceramic specimens tested.

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4. Olga Polydorou et al (2006): Evaluation of the effect of the in-office

bleaching technique on the microhardness of six dental esthetic restorative

materials was done. Materials used for this study were four hybrid composite

resins (a hybrid, a flowable, a micro-hybrid and a nano- hybrid), an ormocer and

a ceramic. The results showed that the difference in the microhardness values

between the bleached and the control samples for the composites and the ceramic

were not stastistically significant. For the ormocer, although bleaching did not

have any significant effect on the unpolished samples, it caused an increase on

microhardness of the polished samnples.

5. Q. Li., H. Yu and Y. Wang (2009): Evaluation of the effects of a home

bleaching agents on the colour and surface properties of four tooth coloured

restorative materials. Materials used in this study were two composite resins (a

nano -hybrid and a packable), a polyacid-modified composite and a conventional

glass ionomer cement. The result showed that significant colour changes were

found among all the materials after bleaching. However the colour difference

decreased and fell into the clinically acceptable range (except for the compomer)

after withdrawl of the bleaching treatment. Surface dissolution was detected in

the polyacid –modified composite and glass ionomer cement. ATR-FTIR

analysis found chemical composition alteration in the polyacid- modified

composite.

6. Hao Y, Qing Li et al (2013): Investigation of the effects of in-office

bleaching agents on surface and subsurface properties of dental materials at

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different environmental temperatures. Materials used in this study were four

composite resins, a compomer, a conventional glass ionomer cement and an

industrially sintered ceramic material. Result showed that all materials were

found to have surface softening after bleaching and bleaching effects on surface

microhardness increased at 37 degree Celsius compared with 25 degree Celsius,

except for the ceramic. After being bleached at 37 degree Celsius ,

the microhardness value of flowable composite resin significantly reduced at a

depth of 0.1 mm. Compared with control specimen stored at 37 degree Celsius.

No significant difference was found between the control and bleached specimens

with respect to substance loss for any of the materials.

6.3 Objectives of the study

To evaluate the effects of bleaching agents on the surface of porcelain

To compare the surface roughness on the porcelain material caused by different

concentrations of bleaching agents

To compare surface roughness caused by home bleaching agents with in-office

bleaching agents.

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Materials and methods

7.1 Source of data:

Bleaching agent “A”

(opalescence, USA)

Bleaching agent “B”

(Ammdent, India)

Porcelain material

(Vita 3D master, Germany)

Equipments used :

profilometer

Micromotor. (Marathon Handy 701, Korea)

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7.2 Method of collection of data

Test Specimens Preparation:

The commercially available porcelain material (Vita 3D Master) will be selected for

studying surface roughness . A mould will be prepared using vinyl polysiloxane putty

(Aquaseal, Dentsply) to facilitate the fabrication of the porcelain discs (10 mm diameter,

2 mm thickness). A total 60 discs will be made, 30 for each group. The porcelain will

be mixed with sculpting liquid and placed into the mould. Tissue will be used to absorb

excess moisture. After drying, the discs will be removed from the mould, placed on

sagger tray and fired according to the manufacturer’s recommendations in porcelain

oven. The porcelain specimen will be finished with a medium grit diamond bur on both

sides to remove any irregularities, the discs will be placed in the porcelain oven and

fired to obtain an auto-glazed surface.

Methodology:

All surfaces of each sample will be well glazed. Specimens for each type of material are

divided into 2 test groups. Each group will have 30 samples for each. Specimens to be

tested are Group A (1,2,3) with opalescence bleaching agent and Group B (1,2,3) with

Ammdent bleaching agent. Group A is divided into 3 subgroups of 10 samples each as

Group 1A–10% carbamide peroxide, Group 2A–15% carbamide peroxide and Group

3A–40% carbamide peroxide. Similarly, Group B is divided into 3 subgroups of 10

samples each as group 1B–10% carbamide peroxide, Group 2B–16% carbamide

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peroxide and Group 3B–35% carbamide peroxide. Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 1B and

Group 2B will be treated with home bleaching agents, whereas Group 3A and Group 3B

will be treated with office bleaching agents. The following tables are presented below:

Opalescence bleaching agent (MATERIAL –A)

Test

Group

Number of samples in

each group

Concentration of bleaching agent

Group 1A 10 samples 10%

Group 2A 10 samples 15%

Group 3A 10 samples 40%

Ammdent bleaching agent (MATERIAL -B )

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Test

Group

Number of samples in

each group

Concentration of bleaching agent

Group 1B 10 samples 10%

Group 2B 10 samples 16%

Group 3B 10 samples 35%

A total of 60 samples will be evaluated for surface roughness by using profilometer .

Samples in Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 1B and Group 2B will be kept in home

bleaching agents for 48 hours which is equivalent to treatment for 8 days, 6 hours/day

(to approximate 1 week of use in clinical situations). Group 3A and Group 3B will be

kept in office bleaching agents for 45 minutes (to approximate 30 minutes to 1 hour of

use in clinical situation). The discs will be then removed, rinsed with distilled water,

dried, and placed into separate containers clearly marked to identify the type of the

solution used.

The surface roughness (Ra) following treatment with the various solutions will be

evaluated using a profilometer. A dimond stylus (50-Micrometre tip radius) will be

used under a constant measuring force of 3.9mN. The Ra value describes the overall

roughness of a surface and is defined as the arithmetic mean value of all absolute

distances of the roughness profiles from the centre line within a measuring distance. The

surface roughness of each side of the disc will be analysed by performing 2 passes of

the profilometer, with one pass at a degree angle to the other. The mean Ra of these 2

readings will be used for the stastical analysis. The profilometer will be calibrated using

a standard reference specimen, then set to travel at a speed of 0.100 mm/s with a range

of 600 micrometre during testing and an amplitude transmittance set at 50%. Results

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will be analysed using factorial analysis of variance for each sample, followed by

Turkey’s multiple comparision test ( alpha = 0.05)

PROFORMA FOR COLLECTION OF DATA FOR STUDY

GROUP A -- Opalescence bleaching agent

Sample No. Initial

measurement of

surface

roughness before

immersion into

the bleaching

agents

Surface roughness measurement after immersion

into the bleaching agent

10% 20% 40%

1.

2.

3.

GROUP B – Ammdent bleaching agent

Sample No. Initial

measurement of

surface

roughness before

immersion into

the bleaching

Surface roughness measurement after immersion

into the bleaching agent

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agents

10% 16% 35%

1.

2.

3.

INVESTIGATION DESIGN

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A total of 60 Samples of porcelain material were taken.

Group A

30 samples

Group B

30 samples

Group 3A

(40%)

Group 2A

(20%)

Group 1A

(10%)

Surface roughness measured after glazing for each sample by using profilometer

Surface treatment done by keeping all samples in respective bleaching solutions

Group 3B (35%)

Group 2B (16%)

Surface roughness following treatment with bleaching solution evaluated using profilometer

Statistical analysis using factorial analysis of variance for each porcelain followed by turkey’s multiple comparision test (alpha=0.05)

Group 1B (10%)

7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be made on

patients or other humans or animals? If yes, please describe briefly

NO

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution, if yes for 7.3

Not applicable

List of references

1) Craig J. Butler, Radi Masri, carl F. Driscoll, Geoffery A. Thompson, Dennis A.

Runyan and Joseph Anthony Van Fraunhofer: In vitro study of surface roughness of

3 different porcelains when exposed to 2 fluoride solutions, a 10% carbamide peroxide

and distilled water with the help of profilometer. J.Prosthet Dent 2004;92:179-83

2) Sebnem Begum Turker and Turan Biskin: Surface topography: three restorative

materials after treatment of bleaching agent were assessed by profilometer. J Prosthet

Dent 2003; 89: 466-733) Venessa cavalli, Marcelo Giannini, Riecardo M. carvalho:

Ultimate tensile strength of enamel after treatment with carbamide peroxide bleaching

agent at different concentrations. J.dental.2003.10.007

4) Olga Polydorou, Jurgen Schulte Monting, Elmer Hellwig, Thorsten M. Auschill:

Evaluation of the in-office bleaching technique on the microhardness of six dental

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esthetic restorative materials by the repeated measures analysis of variance with three

between factors and one within. j. dental 2006.01.004

5) Q. Li, H. Yu, Y. Wang: Effect of home bleaching agents on the colour and surface

properties of four tooth coloured restorative materials. j.dent 2009.01.003

6) Hoo Yu, Quing Li, Yi-ning Wang, Hui Cheng: The effect of in-office bleaching

agents on surface and subsurface properties of dental materials at different

environmental temperatures. j.dent.2013.07.015

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9.

Signature of the candidate

10. Remarks of the guide

11. 11.1 Name and designation of Guide Dr. MAYUR HEGDEREADER

11.2 Signature of the guide

11.3 Head of the department Dr. Y. BHARATH SHETTY

11.4 Signature

12. 12.1 Remarks of the chairman and principal DR.DEEPAK NAYAK U.S.

12.2 Signature

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From, Place: Mangalore

Date: / /2013

Dr. Mayur Hegde

Reader

Department of Prosthodontics,

A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,

Mangalore - 575004.

To,

The Member Secretary,

Ethics Committee A.J.I.M.S,

A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences,

Mangalore - 575004.

Respected sir,

Subject: Submission of Synopsis of Dissertation for Ethics Committee Clearance.

Herewith, I am forwarding the synopsis of the dissertation work of Dr. Sanket Kamurti , Postgraduate

Resident in the Department of Prosthodontics,

Titled: “AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLEACHING AGENTS ON

THE SURFACE OF PORCELAIN” AN IN VITRO STUDY.

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For ethical committee clearance of A. J. Institute of Dental Sciences.

Kindly accept the same and oblige.

Thanking you,

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Head of the Department

(Dr. Mayur Hegde) (Dr.Y.Bharath Shetty)

Signature of the Postgraduate

(Dr. Sanket kamurti )

PLACE:

DATE

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CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Name : Dr. Sanket kamurti

2. Gender : Male

3. Date of birth : 30/06/1988

4. Nationality : Indian

5. Marital status : Unmarried

6. Permanent Address : 316 telipada,

Moglaxmi niwas,

Near payal cinema ,

Bhiwandi, Dist. Thane

Maharashtra

Pin Code – 421302

Present address : Dr. Sanket kamurti

Post graduate student,

Department of Prosthodontics,

A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,

Kuntikana, Mangalore- 575004

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7. Education:

Institutions : MGM dental college, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra

Date:

from(months/year)

to (months/year)

Oct-2007 to March-2013

Degree(s) or diploma(s) : B.D.S

8. Membership of professional bodies: Maharashtra State Dental Council,

Indian Prosthodontic Society

9. Present position : Post Graduate Student,

Department of Prosthodontics,

A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore

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10. Workshops Attended:

CDE Programmed on IMPLANT-SOLUTION, Yenapoya, Mangalore. 12/08/2013

Orientation programme for MDS course, Prologue 2012, RGUHS,

Bangalore.

12/09/2013 to

13/09/2013

CDE programmed on “ALL CERAMIC VENEERS – KEY TO IMPRESS ALL”,

MCODS, Mangalore

20/09/2013

PG convention by Karnataka Prosthodontic society conducted at Goa 28/09/2013 to

29/09/2013

Signature:

Date

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From,

Dr. Sanket kamurti

Post Graduate in Department of Prosthodontics,

A. J. Institute Of Medical Sciences,

Mangalore- 575004

To,

The Member Secretary,

Ethics Committee A.J.I.M.S,

A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,

Mangalore- 575004

Respected sir,

Subject: Submission of Synopsis of Dissertation for Ethical Committee Clearance.

Herewith, I am submitting synopsis of my dissertation work: “Evaluation of the effect of different types

of bleaching agents on the surface of porcelain” AN IN VITRO STUDY.

for ethics committee clearance of A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore.

Enclosed here with the copies of:-

Synopsis of dissertation

Curriculum vitae of guide

Curriculum vitae of candidate

Kindly accept the same and oblige.

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Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

( Dr. Sanket kamurti )

Place: Mangalore

Date: / /2013

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF GUIDE

1. Name : Dr. Mayur Hegde

2. Gender : Male

3. Date of birth :31 /07/1978

4. Nationality : Indian

5. Marital status : Married

6. Permanent Address : F-1, Sangeetha Apartment

Kadri hills, Mangalore-

575004

7. Educational Qualification: BDS: A. B. Shetty institute of dental sciences, Mangalore

(1996-2002)

MDS: A. B . Shetty institute of dental sciences, Mangalore

(2003-06)

8. Membership of professional bodies: Karnataka State Dental Council,

Indian Prosthodontic Society,

Indian Dental Association.

9. Conferences/ CDE’s attended :

1. 14th IPS NATIONAL PG CONVENTION on 27TH to 29TH July 2012, NITTE University , Mangalore.

2. 3600 – Complete Denture – CDE programme on 22nd October 2012, MCODS Mangalore.

3. Reconstructive Implantology – CDE programme, Dept. Of Oral Surgery, GYAN CDE CELL, AJIDS, Mangalore. 15th December 2012

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4. Lasers advanced endodontics, 7th & 8th January 2013.at AJIDS

5. Integrate 2012 MAHE, 4th – 5th August 2012.

6. Introduction to Implantology

7. Hand Hygiene Day. May 2012 at AJIDS.

8. 40th KARNATAKA STATE DENTAL CONFERENCES-30th NOV to December 2nd

2012 B.C. Road, Bantwal, D. K. Karnataka

9. 40th KSDC Pre conference on dental implants 30th November 2012.

10. 19th National conference of the Indian society of oral implantologist 17th October 2012.

10. Publications:

1. Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Patient with Severely Worn Molars : A Case Report -

International Journal of Clinical Dental Science Nov 2011, vol 2, Issue 4, 40-43

2. Complete Denture Fabrication in Old Denture Wearer in One Day - World Journal of

Dentistry Jan-March 2012, vol 3, Issue 1, 112-114

3. Radiographic evaluation in treatment planning for dental implants-journal of post graduate dentistry, ISSN 2229-4643, vol 4 ,issue , jan - jun 2013

4. Shade selection for fixed partial dentures-journal of post graduate dentistry, ISSN 2229- 4643, vol 4, issue 1, jan-jun2013

5. Esthetic Post-An Update – journal of endodontology, ISSN 0970-7212, vol 22, issue 2, december 2010

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11. Present position : Reader,

Department of Prosthodontics,

A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore

Signature:

Date:

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