Discovery and Exploration of the Mallee Bull Deposit · Discovery and Exploration of the Mallee...
Transcript of Discovery and Exploration of the Mallee Bull Deposit · Discovery and Exploration of the Mallee...
Discovery and Exploration of the Mallee Bull Deposit
Traditional methodology and state-of-the-art techniques
Bob Brown and Rob Tyson
DisclaimerThis presentation contains an overview of Peel Mining Ltd and its associated entities (Peel)and their respective activities and operations. The contents of this presentation, includingmatters relating to the geology of Peel’s projects, may rely on various assumptions andsubjective interpretations which it is not possible to detail in this presentation and whichhave not been subject to any independent verification.This presentation contains a number of forward-looking statements. Known and unknownrisks and uncertainties, and factors outside of Peel’s control, may cause the actual results,performance and achievements of Peel to differ materially from those expressed or impliedin this presentation.To the maximum extent permitted by law, Peel does not warrant the accuracy, currency orcompleteness of the information in this presentation, nor the future performance of Peel,and will not be responsible for any loss or damage arising from the use of the information.The information contained in this presentation is not a substitute for detailed investigationor analysis of any particular issue. Current and potential investors and shareholders shouldseek independent advice before making any investment decision in regard to Peel or itsactivities.
Presentation Structure…..
Who is Peel Mining?
What is the Mallee Bull Deposit?
Previous exploration over Mallee Bull.
Peel’s discovery, and subsequent exploration
Future activities and strategies
Who is Peel Mining Ltd?
An all-Aussie WA-based junior explorer
ASX listed as PEX since May 2007
Focused on precious, base and specialty metals
Tenement holdings in NSW and WA
Mallee Bull
Stratabound, “Cobar-style” polymetallic deposit
Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au with significant Co, Sb, Bi and Sn
Lithological control dominant, but situated in a significant structural setting of regional-scale faults and folding
Resource estimate 2014: 3.93Mt 2.3% Cu, 32g/t Ag, 0.3g/t Au
Jointly owned by Peel Mining and CBH
Mallee Bull Deposit Mineralisation
Massive sulphides
Stringer zone upper and lower surfaces
~80m
~800m
Previous Exploration
Union Corporation (Australia) 1976-78. First high resolution aeromagnetic survey. Their Anomaly 1 corresponded with Mallee Bull.
Ground magnetic survey and lines of bedrock auger geochem
Shell Company of Australia 1982-83Newmont Holdings Pty Ltd 1985-86Epoch Mining NL 1987-88Renison 1993: sampled gold field, new high resolution aeromag and radiometric survey
Previous Exploration
Pasminco Exploration 2001-2003Triako Resources Ltd 2004-2006
Previous explorers showed little interest in Anomaly1.Most explored over goldfield. Apart from aeromagnetic and radiometric survey, no new geophysics since late 1970s.
Peel’s Activities
Tenement acquired in September 2009
East-west Versa tile Transient Electromagnetic (VTEM) survey flown over site
VTEM located a coincident EM and magnetic anomaly, corresponding with Union Corp Anomaly 1
Single line of fixed loop ground EM used to constrain VTEM. Showed a clear, deep response.
Peel’s Activities
Initial RAB lines across prospect area fail to identify bedrock geochem anomalies
March 2010: 3 RC holes target EM anomaly. Strongly anomalous disseminated mineralisation in all holes. Down hole EM confirmed strong off-hole conductor.
Further four RC holes, one with diamond tail.
Peel’s Activities
All holes to that time had failed to intersect the EM conductor. Hole surveying by gyro showed strong deviation in all holes.
Gyro surveying tool
Drill hole traces showing strong southerly deviation
Peel’s Activities
Subsequent holes have been surveyed by gyro, and directional drilling used on very deep holes. All collars are surveyed by DGPS.
Directional drilling with multiple daughter holes
Peel’s Activities
Initial detailed logging of all holes, 1m magsus and in-field PXRF recording demonstrated consistent geological relationships, a marker bed slightly above mineralisation and a magnetic pyrrhotite envelope above main mineralisation
This provided an early tool for assessing near-miss or proximity to mineralisation during drilling
Peel’s Activities
Outcrop-scale surface mapping. Detailed subsurface geological model with sequence stratigraphy was developed early and updated.
Careful, consistent, detailed core and chip logging records lithologies, stratigraphy, structures, structural data, veining, alteration, sulphides, mineralisation styles, specific gravities, RQD, petrography and assay data. Invaluable for on-going deposit modelling and for overlaying with down hole and surface geophysics and geochemistry
There’s nothing new here – we maximise the data derived from drill holes – it’s worth the time and $$
Peel’s Activities
Exploration has relied heavily on various geophysical techniques to target drilling and constrain the extent of mineralisation.
Techniques used include: IP EM gravity magnetotellurics high resolution magnetics deep ground penetrating radar Orion 3D DC-IP-MT
Peel’s Activities - IP
Early 2D inversion modelling of 100m dipole-dipole IP moderately successful. Regarded as essential on high ranking targets.
Subsequent 3D offset pole-dipole surveys and 3D inversion modelling showed a response subsequently identified as weakly disseminated mineralisation equivalent to up-dip, near-surface Mallee Bull.
Regarded as worth trying if funding available.
Peel’s Activities - EM
Following the initial VTEM and single line of EM, Peel has relied heavily on down hole EM (DHEM) to identify drill targets
DHEM is regarded as essential on deeper (>150m) drilling. Not good for sphalerite.
Airborne EM is regarded favourably for high ranking targets with minimal cover, using max 200m line spacing.
Peel’s Activities - EM
Drilling ~300m north of Mallee Bull commenced in 2016 following a review of historic DHEM in holes previously drilled to test magnetic and MT anomalies.
Subsequent drilling has encountered very significant Cu mineralisation at what is now Mallee Bull North. Follow-up DHEM confirms mineralisation which is open along strike and up and down dip
Lesson: reappraisal of earlier, unsuccessful holes (pyrrhotite-only) can produced unexpected positive results!
Peel’s Activities - EM
Surface EM has included fixed loop EM (FLEM) and moving loop EM (MLEM)
Both techniques have identified a W-dipping conductor equivalent to Mallee Bull to maximum depth of 300m. Both give different strike directions, and are not suitable for resolving the multiple conductors in Mallee Bull. Surface EM is regarded as essential on high ranking targets.
Peel’s Activities - gravity
A ground gravity survey over Mallee Bull revealed a positive anomaly
Gravity anomaly
Mallee Bull mineralisation
envelope
Peel’s Activities - gravity
The anomaly is not coincident with the bulk of mineralisation and lies over the area of weak, near-surface mineralisation
This is similar to other deposits in Cobar region where the anomaly represents the orebody, but is offset
Gravity is regarded as essential on high ranking targets where it is suspected that a density contrast caused by sulphides or Fe chlorite alteration exist.
Drilling of local targets encountered disseminated pyrrhotite
3D inversion modelling produced multiple targets but did not recognise Mallee Bull. Some coincidence with 3D IP results
Peel’s Activities - MT
Magnetotellurics and audio frequency magnetotelluricswere used as a deep penetrating technique to explore to 1km depth at Mallee Bull and adjacent targets.
An essential tool for recognising Mallee Bull analogues regionally using 100m max line spacing
Clear resolution of strong pyrrhotite mineralisation associated with Mallee Bull
Peel’s Activities - magnetics
High resolution aeromagnetic survey – 50m line spacing throughout tenement
Survey confirmed known significant faults and mapped the oxidation base. Did not identify mineralisation.
Peel’s Activities - deep ground penetrating radar
DGPR survey undertaken in 2015 with aim of better defining structures and the extent/geometry of shallow mineralisation (<200m)
Not regarded favourably by PEX in Cobar Basin as ineffective and too expensive
One large, shallow, high chargeability, low resistivity anomaly occurs in up-dip part of Mallee Bull in an area of limited and very shallow drilling. The T1 anomaly.
Identified previously unrecognised anomalies. One coincident with high grade, deepest mineralisation (600-700m)
Peel’s Activities - Orion 3D DC-IP-MT
DC (direct current), IP (induced polarisation) and MT (magnetotellurics) data acquired in multiple directions
A 45 hole RC drilling program identified significant Zn-Pb-Ag-Au in massive sulphide, disseminated and stringer zones within and about the T1 anomaly
>10% Zn >10% Pb >250 ppm Ag
Peel’s Activities – Orion 3D DC-IP-MT survey
E-W sections
400m N-S, 150m E-W,to 250m thick
Peel’s Activities - seismic
Feasibility testing of Mallee Bull host rocks and mineralisation was undertaken in 2014 to determine suitability for a seismic survey
Acoustic impedance tests did not show any discernible variation between samples. The technique also doesn’t work well in near-vertical terrain
Peel’s Future Activities and Strategies
Calculation of a new resource estimate including the T1 Pb-Zn-Ag and Mallee Bull North Cu mineralisation
Update the Mallee Bull geological and mineralisation model to accommodate new discoveries and integrate it into the regional model.
On-going exploration over Mallee Bull North and further drilling, including resource drilling, of T1. Regional application of the Mallee Bull model, using exploration methodologies developed over that deposit.
Conclusions
Peel’s success at Mallee Bull has resulted from the application of conventional methods using state of the art technology and innovative thinking
Aggressive drilling, using down hole EM, directional drilling and very accurate surveying is used to maximise spatial accuracy and data confidence
Maximum data is extracted from core and chips. Rigorous and consistent detailed logging, collection of structural, magsus, PXRF and lab assay data for all holes.
Conclusions
Early establishment of a detailed surface geological model was gradually extended into the subsurface as a working 3D framework for all other data.
The intelligent use of diverse geophysical techniques resulted in the discovery of MB, and has driven exploration by providing specific drill targets
DHEM and the Orion 3D IP techniques have proven most significant for targeting and discovery.