Diplomacy Development Security in the Information Age

7/27/2019 Diplomacy Development Security in the Information Age

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DIPLOMACY

DEVELOPMENT

SECURITY

INFORMATION AGE

Shanthi Kalathil

and

in the

Sverine Arsne

David Faris

Sarah Granger

Craig Hayden

James Herlong

Gerald Hyman

Lorelei Kelly

Andrew Puddephat

Joseph Siegle

James Valentine

EDITOR

institute for the study of diplomacy

georgetownuniversityschoolofforeignservice


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ABOUT THE INSTITUTE

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iii

CONTENTS

Ack

Introduction

c V: I R I A 3

Shanhi Kalahil

Diplomacy in the Information Age

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Craig Hayden

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David M. Faris

Development in the Information Age

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Sverine Arsne

Cc A Cc: Dc, D, N M 63

Gerald F. Hyman


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iv Contents

c A P 79

Andrew Puddephat

Security in the Information Age

Cbc M G S 99

Sarah Granger & Lorelei Kelly

M V Ex Acc I F S 113

Joseph Siegle

I Y A Sk A, I D N M 125

James Valenine & James Herlong

Ab A 139


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Shanhi Kalahil

Acknowledgments


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Introduction


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Transparency and Volatility:

International Relations in the Information Age

Shanhi Kalahil


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4 Shanthi Kalathil INTRODUCTION

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Transparency and Volatility: International Relations in the Information Age 5

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DIPLOMACY

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FRAMING FOREIGN POLICY IN AN ERA OF

TRANSPARENCY AND VOLATILITY

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Diplomacy in the Information Age


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17

INTRODUCTION

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Social Diplomacy, Public Diplomacy, and

Network Power

Craig Hayden


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18 Craig Hayden DIPLOMACY IN THE INFORMATION AGE

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FROM CONTEXT TO PRACTICE

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Social Diplomacy, Public Diplomacy, and Network Power 19

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MAKING SENSE OF THE

DIFFUSION OF POWER

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SOCIAL DIPLOMACY

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b

. S c ccx c c c cc.

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cc.T b x, , cb

c public c cx c . T - 21 C Sc c c cc.

21ST CENTURY STATECRAFT AND

[PUBLIC] DIPLOMACY

T 21 C Sc b x, c, c b b kc. T cc c U.S. S D Ac R, Sc S HC. R cb 21 C Sc c c - k, c-, c k .66

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35/152


c - . W 21 CSc c b- U.S. c c,

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S 21 C S-c c c S D

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Ac c b c , - b c - c.70 - C- Sc b c F Cc , c U S cc -c, c, cc b c.71

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b c k .73 Y c 21 C Sc cc b c k c c c bc c.74 T cc cc c bc c k c c

b S x b Sc


36/152


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[] b

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O c, c - c as an insiuion,

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jc. E Mz k k - .77 Mz b c- cc c - c cc.

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c , k, b cc - c bjc. A 21 C- Sc cx-

c . Tc c c- c k bc , x c c . T QDDR, x, z b -c cx cc c c.

W c k D R c b b,

b c b .78 Dc b cc b. H, c c R , , b c QDDR z , k, c c cc.

CONCLUSION

T c c b c - c k. O , c c c -

b c c c b c. S c c cc bc -c, b cc ,bc, c cc .c b , b c -c cc.

Y b cx c -


37/152


. O , k cb k c c (k 21 CSc) c

c cqc k bc. P c b cb, cc c c.

B cb b c .N -c b - c c cc. I, b c c

- c.79 I c U.S. c c - c .B U.S. Ab- Bz T S c c c c bc -c c cc.80 T bc cc cc c -. S E R,

, Foreign Aairs 1922, b c bc . S q :

A [R] cb -c b c -c c c bjc . A c c j b jc ccb c c bf -

j.81

T c cc c b c- c c . R bc , , b -

c. Ic, xcb cc c . T b Zbb, Bc W-, Ac q b c c c c .82

B b cqc c cz k as b-cbc b cc k c c- c . I ,

b c c- b c bc bc. A b, b b - cc c. A , cc xc c cc c b c --b.83

Apower c c cz c cc-c k .84 A c c -c cc c c U S

ccc c k , c, c. c c c. V- z. T q -

b cb , cc z, k, c cc. I - c , b c c, c c -, b c c c b c .


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ENDNOTES

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%A0.

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C D D, Foreign Aairs (N-

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N, T F Dc: C Pc-

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P. Dz, Digial Diplomacy: U.S. Foreign Policy in heInormaion Age (W, C: G PbG, 2001); M E Pc, Media and Sover-eigny: Te Global Inormaion Revoluion and Is Chal-

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S L, k S O SM- R T: H Acc N-

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T R D M, Journal o Democracy 22: 3(2011): 3548.

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17. Mc K, Dc: SD 2.0, All ech Considered, N PbcR, Fb 21, 2012. ://../b/

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18. A Hk B OL, War and

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F: Cb P, Alanic, Nb30, 2011. ://.c.c//

c/2011/11/------c-

-cb-/249260/.

20. J A. McH, O Rk

Cc F R: A R U.S. Pbc

Dc (N Yk, NY, J 21, 2011). 21. Ac R, D Dc 21 C

Sc (T Ac U, W, DC,

Mc 27, 2012); Ac R, Rk D D-

c: A N E Ac Pc (

C E I Pc, W-

, DC, M 17, 2012). ://c.

/2012/05/17/-c----c-

-c/.

22. P N. H ., Opening Closed Regimes:Wha Was he Role o Social Media During he Arab Spring?(S, WA: U W, Wk P

2011.1, Pjc I c Pc

I, 2011).

23. E Mz, T F Pbc D-

c 2.0, Foreign Policy,Ne Eec, J 9, 2009. ://c.c.c//2009/06/09/_

__bc_c_20.

24. Sc C, Ec Sc J

C D D.

25. Bc G, Ac Pbc Dc:

E Ccc, E ,

Hague Journal o Diplomacy 6: 34 (2011): 351372.

26. H R C, L T C- P: R Ac Dc D-

, Foreign Aairs (Dcb 2010). 27. C H, Te Rheoric o So Power: PublicDiplomacy in Global Conexs (Lx Bk, 2011).

28. G W, P: Dc

T D, Public Diplomacy, (S 2010):2439.

29. K Bk,Language as Symbolic Acion: Es-

says on Lie, Lieraure, and Mehod (Bk, CA: U- C P, 1966); H, Te Rheorico So Power. 30. R. S. Z, Batles o Bridges: U.S. SraegicCommunicaion and Public Diplomacy Aer 9/11 (P- Mc, 2009).

31. C, Cc, P, C-

P.

32. B Hck, Rk N Pbc

Dc, Te New Public Diplomacy: So Power inInernaional Relaions, . J M P S(P Mc, 2005); W, P:

Dc T D. 33. M C, Communicaion Power(OxU P, 2009).

34. R.S. Z, T S P D:

Nk Cc M Cc

Pbc Dc, Hague Journal o Diplomacy 2: 3(2007): 213228.

35. R C, P D, New Yorkimes (O), J 23, 2011. ://..c/2011/06/24//24-c24.?_

=2.

36. D S G, Nework Power: Te SocialDynamics o Globalizaion (N H, C: Y U- P, 2008).

37. OL, H US I S C

C.

38. J I, T U, Foreign Policy(M 30, 2012). ://.c.c/-

c/2012/05/30/c_c_; L

Kb, W H. D, Mc T, Pb-

c Dc 2.0: A Ex C S US

D Oc , SSRN eLibrary (..). ://-..c/3/.c?bc_=1734850.

39. J F. Mz, Nk Dc, George-own Journal o Inernaional Aairs 2 (2001): 77. 40. P S,Diplomaic Teory o Inernaional Re-laions (Cb U P, 2009). 41. R, Rk D Dc.


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c: A N E Ac Pc (

C E I Pc, W-

, DC, M 17, 2012). ://c.

/2012/05/17/-c----c--c/.

43. N, J., Te Fuure o Power. 44. G P, Conemporary Diplomacy (P-, 2011).

45. S, P, N, T F

Dc.

46. I B N, T E Sc D-

c: Sc P U,Inernaional Rela-ions 17: 3 (Sb 1, 2003): 341369. 47. M C, Te Power o Ideniy. Te Inor-maion Age: Economy, Sociey, and Culure (M, MA:

Bck, 1997). 48. Mz, Te Ne Delusion. 49. W. Lc B, N M P:

T I Gb Ac, Conesing Me-dia Power: Alernaive Media in a Neworked World, .Nck C J C (R & L,

2003), . 1738.

50. A Cck, D Nk R-

Oz Hb,Poliical Communi-caion 24: 3 (2007): 283301. 51. J Rb K, T N Dc: E-

R, Diplomacy & Saecra 21: 2(2010): 286.

52. W, P: Dc T

D.

53. C Ojk, C G (Sc-

L, I, F N P-

),Innovaions: echnology, Governance, Globalizaion 2:3 (2007): 2754.

54. S N, Rk K

Pbc Dc N A: A C

Pc Cc ( T Bk-

I, W, DC, M 30, 2012).

://.bk.//2012/05/30--c.

55. F, Lk M M; A

F, S S G: B

Bck Cb Ac Pbc D-

c ( I S Ac,

S D, CA, 2012).

56. A F, Mc J G:

O-Sc Pbc Dc, Hague Journal o Diplo-

macy 3: 2 (Sb 2008): 129152. 57. Nc M, A C A

D Pc M D

Cc, Communicaion Teory 13: 2 (2003):225248.

58. F, Mc J G.

59. Hck, Rk N Pbc D-

c.

60. D R. McC, O Nk

O D: Ac F Pc N

I1, Foreign Policy Analysis 7: 1 (J2011): 89111; S M. P W Y-

, A N P I Bc:Sbz Db c N--

S,Journal o Public Deliberaion 8: 1 (2012):13.

61. P E, D I

C: T P Mc P-

Db, Sudies in Comparaive InernaionalDevelopmen (SCID) 38: 4 (2004): 3052. 62. S L, T CNN Ec Rc-

(): Pbz IC Gb G-

c CNN Ec Rc A,Media, War& Conic4: 1 (A 1, 2011): 20 36. 63. U S N Sc Cc,Naion-al Framework or Sraegic Communicaion (W,DC, 2009).

64. A S, Rk Sc M T

L T F: N M, N Ac,

N C Pbc Dc (

T G W U, W, DC,

Nb 3, 2011). ://../~c/

/2011_11_03_3/x.c.

65. Rc G L, Rk Sc M

T L T F: N M, N Ac,

N C Pbc Dc ( T G W U, W, DC,

Nb 3, 2011). ://../~c/

/2011_11_03_3/x.c.

66. R, D Dc 21 C


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Sc.

67. 21 C Sc (W, DC:

U.S. D S). ://../-

c//x..

68. R, Rk D Dc. 69. Ib.

70. Jcb Cz, I Pbc Dc

N D W, Washingon Diploma, J 27,2011. ://..c/x.?I

=428&c=1476&=7955:-bc-

c-----&=c_

c&=c; Lc, D D-

c.

71. McC, O Nk O

D.

72. R, D Dc 21 C

Sc. 73. Ib.

74. J M, Beyond he New Public Diplomacy,(C, T N: I I

R, C P, Ocb 2011).

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23, 2007).

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21 C Sc, Foreign Policy (S-b 7, 2010). ://c.c.c/

/2010/09/07/_20_c____21_c_c.

78. D R, B H D,Na-ional Ineres, A 2012. ://./bk/b----4912?=1.

79. E C H B, Ac

E D: Cq Pbc Dc

C, Inernaional Communicaion Gazete 74: 3(A 1, 2012): 203220.

80. Nc J. C, Public Diplomacy: Lessons omhe Pas(L A, CA: F P, 2009). 81. S, Rk Pbc Dc

Cc. 82. Bc W, Rk T L T

F: N M, N Ac, N C

Pbc Dc ( T G W-

U, W, DC, Nb 3, 2011).

://../~c//2011_11_03_

3/x.c.

83. Mz, T F Pbc Dc 2.0.

84. C, Communicaion Power.


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43/152

35

INTRODUCTION

Sc b c - cz c . O c, , b k b x c -c c. U, , q .C c c-c c c cc? A ,

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b, L Scz, bc c U.S. b C, b cc, USEbC,1 k c b U.S. c. T :

T Eb U S C c- c b - M- c b . , 11

From the Age of Secrecy to the Age of Sharing:

Social Media, Diplomacy, and Statecraft in the

21st Century

David M. Faris


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36 David M. Faris DIPLOMACY IN THE INFORMATION AGE

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From the Age of Secrecy to the Age of Sharing 37

- c b b z Ac c. T c Ac b-

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THE AGE OF SECRECY VERSUS THE

AGE OF SHARING

M c b cb b MkP J. E. Sc c c c, c .3 ,

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, c c . G k c b j 21 C Sc.

B Ac k U S b -c , k Ab c c c?T c k bjc c U.S. ck . Cc A-c Abc, - E c, -c c c b c U.S. ck b

z E b bAc k k - cc b Ac c c b b c.

Cc k-b, b U.S. c b c .T S D C Ic Ac (CIA) Bk b, b -c c c b c bk c, c, cc b. Rc c, c c U.S. - b, cc A Sccc. T c cc- b c ,k, cc c b b . O Mc K , S D- b c c k b b c c.17 I A S, b c c

c cb cc , , k c k CIA.

, Ac ck b cb c bb. T c cb k

b c . Rb c-c Fcbkc x cz bc cc S D- Ac I. T bc , J C-

c b c.18 Bck Ob , b cc c c.B b c-c bck-- , -c bx. T c b .

A c, C b c k c S D- - c . C, c bc - b c b. T c Ob , S D b b cc b- b -Ac

c x.19 B C b ck bck U.S. T Icc M cc b M


53/152


B E Abc cc, . I c, -

b E bc k ck b c -

c b b bc c. A U.S. b c k b b c cc , c c k b cc b- c c. T b b bc . A . I A , c

W . B

c , b - .

CONCLUSION

T c, c-c c , bck xc . F c, j , b

b, c- A Scc. T ck b c bk, b bck. I c c A Scc -, b : S cz, . T c -cc -k

. T q bc c, b - . I b c A S c -. S b k

bc , b c b c c, c .

Sc b ck q-

b c c c. F c, c c U.S. c ? A .., k c? A -? T c- cc U.S. -

b C (@USEbC) b c (.., c b c).20

O cx bb U.S. , cc, c M E? T -c q c b b ,- c. W q, U.S. ck b A Scc A S b .

F U.S. c, -b b U.S. c M E k c bc, cz -

k , x c c -ck c. I c cc . C, c A S cb cb - b U S. T b c k M E, b. T A S cc - c k B S

Ab c


54/152


c b xc b kbc. I b c- k J B Mc A-M - -

b c bc . I - M Ac c c k

bc bc k -c b b . T c c c cb c.I c US c k bc

b . T U S c : c

bck xc, c z k, , -c-b b- .

W cc , c b .

ENDNOTES

1. J R, I Pbc R D

C Eb, T Cb, Foreign Policy (S-b 12, 2012). ://cb.c.c/

/2012/09/12/__bc__-

___c_b.

2. G K, T R C R-

E C Eb S,

Washingon Pos, Sb 13, 2012. ://. .c / b / c - c ck / /

--c-----

c-b-/2012/09/13/9786b6-0-111-b153-2185099541_b..

3. Mk P J. E. Sc, O Sc,

Qb A A: T Ic Wkk

Dc,Deence Sudies 11:2 (J 2011): 236.

4. W R, Arab Mass Media: Newspapers,Radio and elevision in Arab Poliics, (N Yk, NY:P, 2004).

5. I A, I U I A

A P, Chrisian Science Monior, J 4,2010. ://.c.c/W/2010/0104/

I--I----.

6. Rb P, Dc Dc P-

c: T Lc -L G,Inernaional Orga-nizaion 42:3 (S 1988): 427-460. 7. Bc G, Ac Pbc Dc:

E Ccc, E ,

Hague Journal o Diplomacy 6 (2011): 351-372.8. H R C, Rk I-

Ac L C

Cb (S Fcc, CA, Ocb 15, 2010). ://

../c//2010/10/149542.. 9. J Lc, D Dc. NewYork imes Magazine, J 16, 2010. ://..c/2010/07/18/z/18b2-0-.

/?=.

10. Mk, W Ac:

I , c cb b

WkLk Ab cc c

bck U.S. c,Foreign Policy, J 25, 2011.://.c.c/c/2011/01/25/

__c?c=.

11. Rbcc McK, Consen o he Neworked:Te Worldwide Sruggle or Inerne Freedom (N Yk,NY: Bc Bk, 2012).

12. C Sk, Here Comes Everybody: Te Power oOrganizing Wihou Organizaions (N Yk, NY: P- P, 2008).

13. K, N O N: T E

S E E R 1989,

World Poliics 44: 1 (Ocb 1991): 7-48. 14. S Bkc, D H, I

Wc, A T F, F, C, C

C I Cc,Journal o Poliical

Economy, 100: 5 (Ocb 1992): 992-1026.15. D F, Dissen and Revoluion in a DigialAge: Social Media, Blogging and Acivism in Eg yp(L-: I.B. C., 2012).

16. E Mz, Te Ne Delusion: Te Dark


55/152


Side o Inerne Freedom (PbcA, 2011). 17. Mc K, Dc: S

D 2.0, All Tings Considered, N PbcR, Fb 21, 2012.

18. J C, Wiki a War: Conic in a SociallyNeworked World (2012).

19. S c Rb D. K Te Arabiss:

Te Romance o an American Elie (N Yk, NY: TF P, 1995).

20. .k.c. D Sb 4,

2012. T C b k 109,184. F

c, E z- R N Nk (RNN) k 684.


56/152


57/152

Development in the Information Age


58/152


59/152

51

THE RISE OF ICT IN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES

AND THE ADVENT OF NEW PLAYERS

Ic, c k c .c c - ccb c 2005Paris Declaraion on Aid Eeciveness, c- 2008 b Accra Agenda or Acion.1 I 2011, Busan Parnership or Eecive Developmen Co-operaion2 c.

I cc c- (IC) c c . A c cc IC - (IC4D).3 I IC ( c cc , c c) c c.4

T IC c -. O , c c c-, c c, c,5 c cb c c c . F c, c b- c c bc c

.

O , IC c b - jc. B bcz - , c, c, cc.Mj , c W Bk,6, 7 U.S.

Ac I D (USAID),8 c k Oz- Ecc C D(OECD),9 , , k z- IC c c -b c c.

A x, OECD D C k Wk10

Wk.11

I cx, -c b ICc c. T c Ac, IC -c cc bckb c c j b -, c. C c c c k Ac bc b c-c c.

The Chinese ICT Development Strategy in Africa:

Transparency, Sovereignty, and Soft Power

Sverine Arsne


60/152

52 Sverine Arsne DEVELOPMENT IN THE INFORMATION AGE

S c c -c C c cc. F x, C cc c

b c b b, x- c, c , c c, ,12 , c, c cc

Ac c c- b cc.13

I c c C . I,I k b

cc IC c.I, c

k , x c .14 T

ccc c b bq c cc c, c j c, -c, cc b c . I c bI c . I , I x c b - k c

b b IC.T c k C, c

c c b c, xc c x .

CHINA HAS BECOME A CENTRAL PLAYER IN

AFRICAN ICT DEVELOPMENT

C b -c c . I c Ac c c

cb c , b c -b C c c jc.

C c c- b C M Cc(MOFCOM) xc C- c bkC Ex Bk CD Bk. S c b C c c c (ODA) b OECD D Ac C. T c cc (bz)

b Ex Bk. Acc China Whie Paperon Foreign Aid b C S Cc,

Ac c 45.7 c C 2009.15 T Whie Paper on China-

Aica Economic rade and Cooperaion, bb I Oc C S Cc 2010, 2007 2009, C -

US$5 b - x b c Ac. I US$10 b Ac 2010 2012.16, 17

I c, C - c Ac c , cc- OECD ( c- O Oc F), cb c . T - c x b c ( ) c c C c x Ac. Db B q L R, C Ex Bk, c 2007 $20 b x b c

. S b 2010, C D- Bk c $10 b jc Ac cc .

B, C c bk c c c k C c Ac cb


61/152

The Chinese ICT Development Strategy in Africa: Transparency, Sovereignty, and Soft Power 53

c, x b c, c, .

T C c c c Ac c c

b c F C-Ac C-,18 c

c 2000. I OECD, MD C -c c, - c k c c bk c C- c k c c Ac. Tb C c b c (FDI) cccc -.19 A Ac b C -, C , , C

Ac c cb,k C k c Ac, cb ( c) c cqc b cc c.

W c c- , c xc, , -c c, c b c jc cc. F x, Whie Paperon Chinas Aican Policy CG C-Ac c , elecommunicaions, c-c, cc c-.20

A , c c C -c H ZE bc j, cc -cc k - c. O kx c E, , cc B, ZE b c E G M cPjc, c US$1.5 b .21 I 2008,ZE c xc b

E cc bckb -k.22

I. CITIZENS RIGHTS

O k c b c-c IC b , -, c c. IC cc b c c.T z c bcc b c -cc bc c. E- ccb c. I , -

cc b c c c. I , IC

b cc b c c- cc .

I c, c cc C c zz, bcC c c- cc c I . T z R- W B q C - I23 bc c c-c cb. C

H RC c I F 2010.24

I c, b q c , cc C

b IC cc c cc, c q- k b IC, -c, cz. T I C -z c b - . A z bc -c ccb IC. A


62/152


, C cz x c b c c , b c q .25 Rbcc McK c

k .26T, cc

c Ac C cc cc, b cccc cc. I, C cc

Ac c c cc x c bc .

T x Ac c c cc. E

c cc b , -

c ( 1.1 c E- cc I ).27T c ck c

bck x c c , k c b C $1.5 b.28 E c k c I c (VIP) cc c c - c q cc , cc R WB.29 T , c -c k b, k ccc C c Ic cc ( - b c ).

H, Ac c C c c -c c c. T c c. F x, E c, O NkI c I -

Sb-S Ac,30 c M E N Ac

I c.31T c b c

c c ICc ( I cc - c M E N A-c Sb-S Ac, c c c) , c, , c C .

W c, , -q b Ac , c c- c b c xc c32 b b c

C c, c cq c k. I c,C c - b c c c c - c. B H ZE c I c c c- , cc b I c jc.33

A b , C c- c k b, c -c . T cx ICc c x , b

bc cbc .

II. TRANSPARENCY, CYBERSECURITY, AND

SOVEREIGNTY

Pc bc IC b cc, c bc . F x,

c H, G , c c b C


63/152


q c c-c c, c bc-, c c.34 A- b b c c

x , k c ( c) (bz c). O c c c, b C .

T cc cb-c bc b, C U S b k cb .35 I c-x, U S A b

H ZE c b b k cc jc -.36M, U.S. C

k q c -c c C c U.S. cc37 cc C c q k b k U.S. k.38 I b C c C c cb ck.39 I , - c cbc c IC .

, c C c b b ccb cbc. F, c k

b C C P C c. T

c C, qc c cc -b c b 1980 c-c , b c cc c. F x, H-

, R Z, k c CP Lb A c. S

Y, c, k CM S Sc.40 A H c, k C-

b b (c C- ).

B, ck c C jc Ac () .41 C D Ac C- b c .I c bk

b c b c. T ck cc -- b C Ac c cc c-

, c c c cc.42 T c xc, c IC -c c. H, c , , C, c b b - b x .

I, C bk c C - . T, c b C 2000, c C c -

b c C- c x k. T b MOFCOM M F A C c cc c. I , jc c- c C c-c x, c x c cc.

T C cc c , , c c cc .43 I Dcb 2010, H-

Cb Sc E C


64/152


G B44 b c . I 2011, c,

b KPMG,

H b b (b c cc S Y M S Sc , c b R ).45H b c U.S. ck k, c c H c .46

T c c-b C cc- c. IC c b x- C, c

b . A c, ck c k b c , j k ccc C. A , -, H ZE k C - cq k. A b cc b c b , c c c C c c c- b c . I , c - C c b - c c k c cbc .

Ac, Ac , cb-c c-c. A c c c k-, Acc jc IC c. M, -

Ac b z c c b c

b c.47 I, c cc c- c. Fc

z ( IM F, W Bk) c- c c- c (-z, , ,c.).

I , c c C- cc b c Ac c k c .

C c c c , c c c c .

B ?

III. THE OPAQUE POWER OF NORMS

, C c c c - cc Ac. H,

Ac - c C b .

A c, C - c c .B J N ,48 C b c cc - b b C c, c, k, , c-c k-.49 T b x C c ,c Ac.50 T x Cx, c, IC cc .

I, Ac k cb . C


65/152


cc - c c c c .M, k b C-

c Ac C b cc. A C c b C c I Ek Fc (IEF) I c-c U (IU),51 c C q k cc. T, b - k c cccc cc,

c C c.

A b cc k C -c Ac c-c c. F x, H G c c c K ( Ac).52C c - Ac IC x ?

A k I c-c R, c bck 1988, b 2012, C k c c k c-c U N IU.53T k c c c - c k c C, c , k, c c, xc .54

I cx, C c , ( ) -

k c c c (c US). T - -- z b c

bb c.T b c. T IU b xc cc Ac c k c C .

CONCLUSION

T c c k C cq c

c Ac c c. I - cc c, k b , c cbc b cc c.

N C cc c cc. C c,, c c c ccb A-c c. C c, , c , , c cz x. B -k x C IC c c c k b IC, -c, cz. T

c c cc c c.

A cqc, C Ac . I b-c Ac c b - bjc c, c c. Ac c, c , ,


66/152


c c. A , - c cc c Ac c.

C c

cbc Ac c c c . A c , , z cc xc c . T cc c- c k xc c cc c b c.

H, C c- jc - c b , cq k k - . M , C , c c C b cc,cc, c . B Ac IC c c . T c ck b c c H ZE, c, k, c c c.T c cc c cc cc, c q- b c (c -c) c .

W C c c b c-c c c k

b. W c c b c-

( j) b b c

Ac.55T -

c c c cc .56T k q bc , bc cc cc. Oc b k IC , b c c-. T, c c, c-c , c b c c, b c ,

cc c x - cz.

ENDNOTES

1. Paris Declaraion on Aid Eeciveness (2005) Accra Agenda or Acion (2008). .c./-c/11/41/34428351..

2. ://.c./b4/-

//4/OUCOME_DOCUMEN_-_FI-

NAL_EN..

3. U,IC4D: Inormaion and Communi-caion echnology or Developmen (Cb U- P, 2009). S j c

: Inormaion echnology or Developmen;

Inormaion echnologies and Inernaional Developmen;Elecronic Journal o Inormaion Sysems in DevelopingCounries, c. 4. A ,

c- -

c IC c

cc, cc, c, c

. S bb b IP-Lz,IClogy. ://c./bb. 5. J C. B, P . J, J M.

G, U IC c c c:

E- c -


67/152


c c, Governmen InormaionQuarerly 27: 3 (J 2010): 264-271. 6. W Bk, Inormaion and communicaionor developmen 2012Maximizing mobile (W-

, DC: 2012). ://c.bk./EXINFORMAIONANDCOMMUNICAION-

ANDECHNOLO GIES/Rc/IC4D-2012-R-

..

7. W Bk,Inormaion and communicaions ordevelopmen 2009: exending reach and increasing impac(W, DC, 2009). ://b.bk./

WBS IE/E XERNAL/OPICS /EXINFORM A-

IONANDCOMMUNICAIONANDECHNOLO-

GIES/EXIC4D/0,,cMDK:22229759~PK

:5870649~PK:64168445~PK:64168309~S

PK:5870636,00..

8. S c ://../_k/cc___/_c.

9. Rc Hk, T IC4D (M-

c, UK: OECD D c k

, I D Pc M-

, 2009).

10. ://.k./x./

OECD_D_C.

11. ://k./x./N_H.

12. F x, A b H ZE

b bc k J

bc b c cc

bb. J S, H, ZE b A-

,I News (J 14, 2012). ://..c./N/304858,-z-b--.x.

13. Db B, China, Aica, and he globalaid archiecure (Abj, I C: Ac D- Bk, 2010). ://.c.//c-

//R-k--c-c--c-

c-A-2010.; M D, How Chinais inuencing Aicas developmen (P, Fc: OECDD C, 2010); J Lk, F-

, , Occasional UI papers 5

(2011). 14. S, x, Rbcc McK, Conseno he Neworked: Te Worldwide Sruggle or Inerne Free-dom (N Yk: Bc Bk, 2012). 15. C S Cc, China Whie Paper on For-

eign Aid (Bj, C: Mc 21, 2011). ://-..c/c/2011-04/21/c_1849913..

16. I Oc S Cc, WhiePaper on China-Aica Economic rade and Cooperaion

(Bj, C: Dcb 2010). ://..c/c/2010-12/23/c_1771603..

17. B C (ODA)

Ac b $1.2 b 2008 bb

$1.4 b 2009. Db B, C A:

W, W, W H c? Rising China.Global challenges and opporuniies, . J G L S (Cb, A: ANU E P, 2011),

. 203222. ://.../-c/-

/2011/08/c131..

18. F C-Ac C (Bj,

C). ://.cc.//.

19. D, How China is inuencing Aicas develop-men. 20. I Oc S Cc, WhiePaper on Chinas Aican Policy (Bj, C: J2006). ://..c.c/200601/12/

20060112_234894.. E .

21. Db B, C A, . 203

222.

22. ZE C, ZE H E

cc C B N N-

k, ZE (Bj, C: J 2, 2008). ://.z.c .c/ /_c //200807/

20080703_156835..

23. R W B, W D A

Cb C (Mc 12, 2011) (P, Fc).

://c12..//#cc.

24. H R C, I F-

, Foreign Policy (J 21, 2010). ://.c.c/c/2010/01/21/_

?=.

25. S A, Inerne e poliique en Chine(P, Fc: K, 2011); S A,

C : I, c ,Poliique

rangre 2 (2012): 291303. 26. Rbcc McK, C Nk A-, Journal o Democracy 22: 2 (2011): 3246.

27. IU (G, Sz, 2011). ://.


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./IU-D/c/c/x/x..

28. A Jcb, C N M A

Mk I Ac, NY.c, A 16,

2012. ://..c/2012/08/17//

c/c---k---c.?=.

29. R W B, G

c (P, Fc: J

7, 2012). ://../---

-c--07-06-2012,42735..

30. ON I, Sb-S Ac.

://./c//c.

31. ON I, M E N A-

c. ://./c//.

32. I c k

Cc, McA, Wb c c-

. H N J Yk, WesCensoring Eas: Te Use o Wesern echnologies by MiddleEas Censors, 20102011, ON I, Mc2011, ://./-c----

-c---c-2010-2011.

33. S Sck, Fz F L

C, H, C c G, A I, WSJ.

c, Ocb 27, 2011. ://.j.c/c/

SB100014240529702046445045766515035778232

10.; B B, ZE H ,

cb I b c

, Te Verge (Mc 24, 2012). ://..c/2012/3/24/2898835/z----

--cb--b-c-.

34. A Mb, C-K: Kb -

c H x-

, Allaica, M 26, 2012. ://.c.c//201205260006..

35. Nck Hk, US C cb

, .c.k, A 16, 2012. ://.

.c.k/c/2012//16/-c-c-

b--.

36. Y (M) L, A B H

F Bb Pjc, NY.c, Mc 26,2012. ://..c/2012/03/27/c-

/-b---bb-jc.

.

37. Mc K, US C I-

C H, ZE, PCWorld, Nb 18,2011. ://.c.c/bc/-

c/244210/_c___c_

_z..

38. J W L C Y, C H,ZE b k U.S. C ,

R, Ocb 8, 2012. ://k..c/-

c/2012/10/08/k--c--z-UK-

BRE89702A20121008.

39. I Oc S Cc, WhiePaper on he Inerne in China (Bj, C: J 15,2010). ://c..c///

_7093508..

40. K B, H c c -

US, Financial imes, A 19, 2011. ://..c/c//0/6593b90-684-110-464-00144-

b49.#xzz1c2XQ. 41. S G, c C A:

b C x-

c , U Sbc (C

, S Ac: C C S, A

2011). ://.c./-c/

/2011/08/c--C-A_.

.

42. Db B, China, Aica, and he globalaid archiecure (Abj, I C: Ac D- Bk, 2010). ://.c.//c-

//R-k--c-c--c-

c-A-2010..

43. I c, c b -

E U.S. ck

c.

44. H, H O Cb Sc E-

C UK (Bj, C: Dcb 6,

2010). ://..c//b-/

/-/-093468-kc-c.

.

45. Economis, H, T c -b M. R, J 2, 2011. ://.c.

c//18771640. 46. Sc E. A, D A

D, C H C IPO [ bc

], Wall Sree Journal, Ocb 4, 2012. ://.j.c/c/SB10000872396390443493304


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578036860213855012..

47. Y. Z. Y, T & Ac

b cc , Review o Aican Poliical Econ-omy 31: 99 (2004): 1129 ; O S, D -

q cq: - cc S, ic&soci 5:23 (2012). ://cc../1030 ; J

S, T W C

cc c Ac c-

, elemaics and Inormaics 21: 1 (2004): 1124. 48. J S. N, So power: he means o success inworld poliics (N Yk: Pbc A, 2004). 49. B G Yz H, Sc

C , Survival 48: 2 (2006): 1736.

50. Jcb, C N M; I G-

, M Rk Nc S, China inAica: a new approach o media developmen? (U Ox, 2010). ://c./c--

c///.?_=1926.

51. S x WLAN Ac

Pc Ic (WAPI) M-

c Lb Sc (MPLS). C Gb-

, c SN cc B

? Te sandards edge: golden mean, . S B(A Ab, MI: T B G, 2007). ://.

.c/3/.c?bc_=960059; Ijc

Bj, IU b IEF c

k, ars echnica (Mc 03, 2011).://cc.c/c-c//2011/03/

-b----c---..

52. Mb, C-K: Kb c H.

53. Rb McD, T U.N. T I

F, WSJ.c, Fb 21, 2012. ://.

j.c / c/SB10001424052970204792404577

229074023195322.; B W, Sc: UN

, ZDNe UK (Fb- 29, 2012). ://.z.c.k//-

/2012/02/29/c-------

-40095155/.

54. F , M M, C

Gb I Gc, Access conesed, .

R Db, R Rzk, J Z(Cb, MA: MI P, 2012): 177194. ://

cc../-c//2011/12/

ccc-c-09..

55. J W, G O: I C Sk

U S P Sb-S Ac T U.S.

I? Join Force Quarerly 64 (J 2012). ://..//c----..

56. Lc L, Code and oher laws o cyber-space (N Yk, Bc Bk, 1999).


70/152


71/152

63

T c c c

. I xc b- : k, q, , , c. T c b c. T c - c b - c cc b- c , x c c b cc c cc, b bc .

S, c c W W II c c b c. T bjc cb c c c c . I, U.S. Ac I D-

(USAID) b b c, cb- c C b ccz ccc b ,k W Bk bk.

I b bc -c b c c

(c ), b

b c. F , bjc , c , c , b ck Sb 2001 N Yk W b x cc q k

c b . F , cc , -, , c k-. G k c, c c , bz, x cc, bc c cc-, . P , c bcc bc c. Pbc -c c. Sc b c . S , - c , . S, jc c

b q bc c

Complicating the Already Complicated:

Diplomacy, Development, and the New Media

Gerald F. Hyman


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64 Gerald F. Hyman DEVELOPMENT IN THE INFORMATION AGE

, , k. T ,, c b c -

cc. , c,

c c , U S. F, c c

c bc, b b bc, bc

b. A c, cc bc -b. T cqc x. T bc x, , cc c c -k q c c. T

cz bc, c c . B c x c c -, b . I c x c c b . Sc, b c c, b - . F, , , cc- c ( j ) c -

, c k b: H cc b b k cz c q : c ?

I c, bc -, b b cc c, , cc.Pbc k b , c-, c .

Ac c b c c.G c z b, c, , b,

b c , xcb c -

, k c. I k xz z -

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DIPLOMACY AND DEVELOPMENT:

THE HISTORICAL RELATIONS

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Complicating the Already Complicated: Diplomacy, Development, and the New Media 65

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c, c c c, , c.

SUMMARY

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ENDNOTES

1. A cc AC P (ACP); C S (CSH);

F M Fc (FMF); Gb HIV/AIDS

I (GHAI); I M Ec

(IME); I Ncc C

7/27/2019 Diplomacy Developme

Diplomacy Development Security in the Information Age

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