DIN V 18599: The German holistic energy performance ... · boundary conditions for issuing an EP...
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319 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century, September 2007, Crete island, Greece dings that is subject to major renovation; - energy certification of buildings - regular inspection of boilers, air-conditioning systems and assessment of heating systems with boilers that are more than 15 years old. In the case of Germany there was already a methodo- logy for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings in use that satisfied the requirements for resi- dential buildings. According to the Energieeinsparver- ordnung (Energy Saving Decree, German Government 2002/2004) the primary energy demand of buildings and installation systems for heating, ventilation and domestic hot water has to be determined with two Ger- man standards: DIN V 4108-6 and DIN V 4701-10 (DIN standard committee, 2000/2001). Also minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buil- dings and for major renovations at existing buildings have been applied since a long time. However the energy performance assessment for non- residential buildings including the primary energy de- mand for heating, ventilation, domestic hot water plus for cooling and lighting was not possible with the exi- sting calculation standards. Therefore the German go- vernment gave the mandate to the standard committee to develop a new calculation code, which covers all the necessary energy parts, the new DIN V 18599 (DIN stan- dard committee, 2005/2007). It was a major step forward that the standard committee included members from the building, the building systems and the lighting section. Figure 1 shows a scheme of the considered influence parameters to the energy performance of the building. Figure 1. Influence parameters that are considered in the DIN V 18599. ABSTRACT When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with DIN V 18599, an integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building carcass and the utilization of the building’s technical installations and equipment are evaluated together, taking the interaction of these factors into con- sideration. In order to provide a clearer structure, the DIN V 18599 series of preliminary standards is divided into several parts, each having a particular focus. The DIN V 18599 series of preliminary standards provides a method of calculating the overall energy balance of buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for: - residential buildings and non-residential buildings; - planned or new building construction and existing buildings. The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for: - balancing the energy demands of buildings with parti- ally pre-determined boundary conditions; - balancing the energy demand of buildings with freely- selectable boundary conditions from the general engi- neering aspect, e. g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between energy demand and energy consumption (demand/consumption comparison). The balance calculations take into account the energy demand and consumption for: - heating, - ventilation, - regulation and control of the indoor climate conditions (including cooling and humidification), - heating the domestic hot-water supply, and- lighting of buildings, including the additional electric power con- sumption (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the energy supply. The method of the DIN V 18599 is fed into the EPBD CEN standards. 1. INTRODUCTION The European Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Per- formance of Buildings (EPBD) (European Commission, 2002) demands that all member states of the EU include the following in their legislation on building by January 2006: - a methodology for the calculation of the energy per- formance of buildings; - the application of minimum requirements on the ener- gy performance of new buildings, and of existing buil- DIN V 18599: The German holistic energy performance calculation method for the implementation of the EPBD H. Erhorn, J. de Boer, S. Wössner, K. Höttges, H. Erhorn-Kluttig Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics, Germany PALENC 2007 - Vol 1.indd 319 3/9/2007 1:24:41 μμ
Transcript of DIN V 18599: The German holistic energy performance ... · boundary conditions for issuing an EP...
3192nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century, September 2007, Crete island, Greece
dings that is subject to major renovation;- energy certification of buildings- regular inspection of boilers, air-conditioning systems and assessment of heating systems with boilers that are more than 15 years old.In the case of Germany there was already a methodo-logy for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings in use that satisfied the requirements for resi-dential buildings. According to the Energieeinsparver-ordnung (Energy Saving Decree, German Government 2002/2004) the primary energy demand of buildings and installation systems for heating, ventilation and domestic hot water has to be determined with two Ger-man standards: DIN V 4108-6 and DIN V 4701-10 (DIN standard committee, 2000/2001). Also minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buil-dings and for major renovations at existing buildings have been applied since a long time.However the energy performance assessment for non-residential buildings including the primary energy de-mand for heating, ventilation, domestic hot water plus for cooling and lighting was not possible with the exi-sting calculation standards. Therefore the German go-vernment gave the mandate to the standard committee to develop a new calculation code, which covers all the necessary energy parts, the new DIN V 18599 (DIN stan-dard committee, 2005/2007). It was a major step forward that the standard committee included members from the building, the building systems and the lighting section. Figure 1 shows a scheme of the considered influence parameters to the energy performance of the building.
Figure 1. Influence parameters that are considered in the DIN V 18599.
ABSTRACT
When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with DIN V 18599, an integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building carcass and the utilization of the building’s technical installations and equipment are evaluated together, taking the interaction of these factors into con-sideration. In order to provide a clearer structure, the DIN V 18599 series of preliminary standards is divided into several parts, each having a particular focus. The DIN V 18599 series of preliminary standards provides a method of calculating the overall energy balance of buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for:- residential buildings and non-residential buildings;- planned or new building construction and existing buildings.The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:- balancing the energy demands of buildings with parti-ally pre-determined boundary conditions;- balancing the energy demand of buildings with freely-selectable boundary conditions from the general engi-neering aspect, e. g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between energy demand and energy consumption (demand/consumption comparison). The balance calculations take into account the energy demand and consumption for:- heating,- ventilation,- regulation and control of the indoor climate conditions (including cooling and humidification),- heating the domestic hot-water supply, and- lighting of buildings, including the additional electric power con-sumption (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the energy supply. The method of the DIN V 18599 is fed into the EPBD CEN standards.
1. INTRODUCTION
The European Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Per-formance of Buildings (EPBD) (European Commission, 2002) demands that all member states of the EU include the following in their legislation on building by January 2006:- a methodology for the calculation of the energy per-formance of buildings;- the application of minimum requirements on the ener-gy performance of new buildings, and of existing buil-
DIN V 18599: The German holistic energy performance calculation method for the implementation of the EPBD
H. Erhorn, J. de Boer, S. Wössner, K. Höttges, H. Erhorn-KluttigFraunhofer Institute of Building Physics, Germany
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2. STRUCTURE OF DIN V 18599
The standard consists of 10 parts plus a supplementary sheet with example calculations and a guideline with the boundary conditions for issuing an EP certificate accor-ding to the EPBD. Part 1 contains general information, such as general definitions, the procedural method, the requirements for a correct division into zones, the pri-mary energy factors and the impact on the environment. Part 2 calculates the net energy demand for heating and cooling of a zone, part 3 the net energy demand for hea-ting and cooling via air-conditioning. The final energy demand for lighting is calculated in part 4, part 5 shows how the final energy demand for heating is calculated. Part 6 contains the method for calculating the final ener-gy demand for mechanical ventilation systems in dwel-lings, part 7 the final energy demand for air-handling and air-conditioning systems in non-residential buildings. Part 8 describes the method for calculating the final en-ergy demand of domestic hot water systems and part 9 deals with multi-functional generation systems. Part 10 presents the boundary conditions such as the different standard characteristics for the 32 possible zones. Figu-re 2 gives an overview on the structure of the standard:
Figure 2. Structure of the German EPBD implementation stan-dard DIN V 18599.
3. HOLISTIC APPROACH
The DIN V 18599 calculation method uses a holistic energy balance approach since by calculation iterations the building influences the building system, but the buil-ding system also influences the building. This approach is currently also transferred to CEN and ISO. Figure 3 shows the model of the energy balance approach.
Figure 3. Holistic energy balance approach used in the DIN V 18599.
4. SAME ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR HEATING AND COOLINGThe DIN V 18599 uses a consistent assessment method for both heating and cooling, see figure 4. In order to sim-plify the terms, the standard has left the names gains and losses, as gains for the heating can be losses for the cooling and vice versa. They are now called sources and sinks.
Figure 4. Assessment method for both heating and cooling issues.
5. OTHER HIGHLIGHTS OF DIN V 18599
The standard includes characteristic values for nearly all existing buildings system parts, from lighting, to heating and cooling and air conditioning. The energy efficiency of the building systems is not calculated by one single efficiency factor but by physically correct calculation chains with factors that are dependent on single system components. This allows the application of various building systems.The calculation approach foresees the use of different zones, dependent on different heating and cooling sy-stems or different usages. Zones can either have the
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same building systems as other zones or a special sy-stem or a combination of different systems.
6. CALCULATION TOOLS FOR THE PRACTICE
Since the complete calculation method of DIN V 18599 is documented on more than 600 A4 pages, the execu-tion of the method is usually done by using a computer tool. Fraunhofer-IBP has produced two computer tools for the calculation with DIN V 18599.
6.1 Excel tool for the DIN V 18599The first tool is a freeware that is based on excel tabular calculations. It was used in the German field study on the EPBD implementation for non-residential buildings. It covers a wide range of building systems but not the complete amount of systems that are possible with DIN V 18599. Figure 5 shows a screenshot of the tool. The tool can be downloaded atwww.ibp.fraunhofer.de/wt/normen.html
Figure 5. Screenshot of the Fraunhofer-IBP Excel tool used by all issuers in the field test for non-residential buildings.
6.2 IBP 18599 KernelAdditionally the Institute is developing a calculation core (kernel) that can be incorporated commercial software companies into their products. It covers the whole DIN V 18599 calculation model and is continuously updated. The core is used by about 10 different software companies.
Figure 6. Logo of the IBP 18599 kernel, developed at Fraunho-fer-Institute of Building Physics.
One application of the kernel as professional final ap-
plication is the tool IBP:18599, which is realised in co-operation between Fraunhofer-IBP and 3 other partners. This tool was the first that was available on the market.
Figure 7. Screenshot of a commercial software tool that uses the IBP 18599 kernel as calculation core.
7. CONCLUSIONSThe German implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is realised by the calculation me-thod of the DIN V 18599 for non-residential buildings. The standard offers an advanced calculation procedure with correct interaction between building and building systems, various possibilities building installation sy-stems and multi-zone modeling. The practical use of the calculation standard will be done with computer tools. Fraunhofer-Institute of Building Physics has developed on the one hand a simple Excel based tool with cer-tain limitations and on the other hand a comprehensive calculation core (kernel) that will be used by different software companies.
REFERENCES
European Commission (2002). Directive 2002/91/EC. www.buil-dingsplatform.orgGerman Government (2002/2004/2005/2007). Energieeinspar-verordnung (EnEV).www.beuth.deDIN standard committee (2000/2001/2005/2007). DIN V 4108-6, DIN V 4701-10, DIN V 18599. www.beuth.deHöttges, K., Weiss, N., Erhorn, H. (2005). Excel-Berechnungs-blatt zur DIN V 18599.www.ibp.fhg.de/wt IBP 18599 Kernel. For further information go to: www.ibp.fraunhofer.de/wt/normen.htmlIBP:18599 tool. For further information go to:http://www.5s-ag.de/
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