DG and EV Penetrations for Future’s Smart Network in

Turkey

SITKI GUNERProf. Dr. AYDOGAN OZDEMIR

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OUTLINE

• Introduction• Smart Grid• Distributed Generation• Electric Vehicles• Turkish Power System• Suggestions

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INTRODUCTION

• Electric power systems have been evolving all over the world.

• Increased unit cost of fossil fuel energy sources have brought the necessity of restructuring electric power industry by which energy sources would be used efficiently and effectively.

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INTRODUCTION

• At first, deregulated operation was first approved in many countries, since rigorous regulations had prevented efficient utilization of energy resources.

• Later, open-access environment was established where the consumers were allowed to choose their electrical energy providers.

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INTRODUCTION

• Demand and supply of electrical energy are more flexible then it was in the past. This flexibility is expected to increase in the future power systems.

• In this evolving process, Smart Grid, Distributed Generation, and Electric Vehicles are hot topics of the electric power networks.

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SMART GRID

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• Smart Grid is a new type power network which includes communication, advanced metering and measurement infrastructures as well as a complete decision support.

• It is the evolution of power networks.

• Smart grid is not created all at once. It will evolve over many years from the existing infrastructure through the development and integration of intelligent systems

Main Objectives of Smart Grid

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Constituting more

EfficientSecureReliableFlexiableGreenEconomic

Power System

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG)

• Smaller and environmental friendly generators

• Connected to the substation, distribution feeder, or customer load level

• < 10 MW

DG TECHNOLOGIES• Diesel engine driven

generators• Photovoltaic systems• Wind turbines• Fuel cells• Micro, and small size hydro

turbines

DISTRIBUTED GENERATIONAdvantages

Reduce the transmission and distributionloses,

Used renewable energy resources, environment friendly,

Shorter construction time

Lower operational cost

DisadvantagesIncreased short circuit power of the system,

Protection problems for bilateral power-flow

Changing the structure of the traditional distribution system

Intermittent and unpredictable sources (Solar, Wind etc.)

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DG Operation Modes

• Combined heat and power systems,• • Standby power operations,

• Peak shaving applications,

• Grid support

• Islanding operations

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ELECTRIC VEHICLES

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TURKISH POWER SYSTEM• Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) was

established in 2001.

• Installed capacity in Turkey is 62 GW

• %4 of installed capacity is DG.

• Some nuclear power plant projects and on-site generation from renewable sources have already started due to the fact that the basic priority of Turkish Power System is supply security.

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TURKISH POWER SYSTEM• In order to gain energy independency and to

provide healthy and sustainable growth, Turkey must invest in national and renewable energy sector.

• The extension of distributed and renewable energy generation was the most important attempt for shifting generation plant construction from regulatory authorities to the investors.

• Wind energy and solar power are the most valuable renewable energy sources in Turkey.

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DIFFICULTIES IN TURKISH POWER SYSTEM• When DG is integrated the grid, distribution

system should be evolved according to bilateral and variable power-flow.

• Protection and switching devices should be re-coordinated for bilateral power-flow.

• As increasing the number of integrating renewable DG in distribution system, DGs should be used for voltage and frequency control.

• Northwestern part (Thrace region) suffers from lack of wind and PV generations not only because of source unavailability but also because of land costs.

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SUGGESTIONS• Electrical vehicle car parking seems to be an

alternative DG source as in other metropolitan cities.

• As of March 2014, 26 car parking lots are being operated by ISPARK in BEDAS territory and 215 car parking lots have being planned to construct in a five year period.

• One car park may serve as a temporary generating unit of 1.2 MW along 2-3 hours.

• Parking lots will be more effective DG sources in the future 17

SUGGESTIONS• Such a capacity brings the usage of car parking

lots as a peak shaving DGs.

• EV parking lots can be used as cheaper and more reliable sources than the power plants having high installation costs.

• Uncertainty of the source can be decreased using some incentives.

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THANK YOU TO LISTEN ME

QUESTIONS ???

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ReferanslarIstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, "Population Density of Istanbul", [Online]. Available: http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-tr/kurumsal/pages/ilceveilkkademe.aspx The Chief Management of Istanbul Car Parking Corporation (ISPARK), [Online]. Available: www.ispark.com.tr

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