Rzimann kurd

termnolojiya wan ya zimannasiy

brahm Seydo AYDOGAN

INALCO

Paris

Tebax - 2011

Rzimann kurd termnolojiya wan ya zimannasiy brahm Seydo AYDOGAN

INALCO-Paris

Ji bo naskirina zimanek, mirov ber li rzimann w ziman dinihere. L bel, gava ku

mirov bala xwe dide rzimann kurd yn zaravay kurmanc metodn frbyina v

zaravay, mirov di ch de dibne ku di binavkirina tgehn zimannasiy de lkoln xebatn

ku heta niha hatine kirin, li hevdu nakin. Sedema w, bguman, nebna perwerdehiya kurd

ya git tahrbatn qedexeyn salan in. Lewre, heger perwerdehiya zimanek nebe, gihandina

zimannas rzimannasn w j d bi awayek bserber pk were. Ji ber w, gava ku

termnolojiya wan j cuda be, di tgihitina ji hevdu de pirsgirkn cidd dikarin derkevin

piya zimannas rzimannasn kurd.

Termnolojiya zimanek, weke alfabeya w, xwe dispre lihevkirineke git ev lihevkirin

li ser bikaranna hin peyvan ya ji bo hin tgehan e. L bel, ji ber ku zimannas rzimannasn

kurd di heman pvajoya perwerdehiy re derbas nebne referansn wan ne yek in, biv

nev, terchn wan yn peyvan yn ji bo tgehn zimannasiy j d ji hev cuda bin. Weke

nimne, roj di nava xebat lkolnn li ser kurd de, ji bo peyva superlatif ya ingilz bi

kurmanc e pniyar hene ku carinan ji hev gellek dr in : berhemn, serekan, payeya

bilind, berztirn, pleya her raseriy, lapekemper.

Em bibjin ku peyva superlatif peyveke taybet ye, l bel tgeheke zimannasiy ya hsan

j dikare bikeve heman rew. Ji ber w ye ku ji bo peyva object ya ingilz, bi kurd ar

pniyar hene : bireser, serve, pger, tite.

Heger rew ev be, d her rziman li gora xwe zimanek n ava dike, lewre gava ku peyv

cuda bin, tgihtina ji hevdu j ne mimkun e. Ji ber w, em li vira hewl bidin rziman

lkolnn kurd di war termnolojiya zimannasiy de bidin ber hev encaman binirxnin. L

bel, droka zaravayn kurd weke hevdu nebye ev yek dikare bibe sedem ku hin

avdriyn zaraveyek ji bo zaraveyek din ne rast bin. Ji ber v sedem bi xema

homojeniya xebata xwe, em li vira bi ten behsa zaravay kurmanc bikin.

1. Termnolojiya zimannasiy di rzimann kurd de

Bi armanca zelalkirina pirsgirka termnolojiy, em di destpk de ar metodn frbyina

kurd di war terchn wan yn termnolojiya zimannasiy de bidin her hevdu. Me peyvn

mnak li gora nbna wan hevparbna tgehn nava berheman hilbijartine.

K. BEDIRXAN (1971) OZEL (2000) DIRJ (2008) HNKER (2009)

lebat lebat tebat tebat berevaj-bereks dijwate berhevda berhevan berhevdan hevrkirin serve bireser bireser pronav cnavk cnav cnavk poronav kesin cnavkn kesn cnavn kesane cnavkn kesane daek daek daek daek dema pa dema b-p dema b dema boriya tday dema bor-bihur dema boriya tday dema niho dema niha dema niha dema niha belan ern ern gihanek ghanek gihanek jmar hejmar jimar hejmar - reqem komek, hevok hevok hevok hevok hevoksaz hevoksaz hoker hoker hoker kirde kirde kirde laper xebitandin kiandin lker lker lker lker lkern geran lkern gerguhz lkern gerguhz lkern ne geran lkern negerguhz lkern gerneguhz lkern hevedudan lkern hevedudan rader mastar-master rader navdr navdr neyn neyn neyn neyn berlker pgir pgir dawn pagir pagir pirejmar pirejmar-pirjimar pirjimar pirjimar qertaf qertaf qertaf rawe rawe rawe raweya pker raweya bilan raweya gern raweya ferman raweya biwar raweya biwar ra Reh rayek rengdr rengdr rengdr tewang tewang tewang berhemn serekan payeya bilind berztirn tpn girdek tpn girdek tpn girdek tpn girdek tpn hrdek tpn hrdek tpn hurdek tpn hrdek tpn dengdar tpn dengdar tpn dengdar tpn dengdar tpn dengdr tpn dengdr tpn dengdr tpn dengdr veqetandek veqetandek veqetandek veqetandekn binavkir veqetandekn binavkir veqetandekn binavkir veqetandek nebinavkir veqetandek nebinavkir veqetandek nebinavkir yekejmar yekejmar yekjimar yekjimar

Bi alkariya mnakn ku ji Rzana Zman Kurd (K. Bedirxan, 1971), Kurdiya Njen (.

Ozel, 2000), Kurd kurmanc (E. Dirj, 2008) ji metoda her dawn Hnker (R. Onen, S. Tan,

M. Ayko, S. Varli, 2009) hatine girtin, me hewl da ku em v pirsgirk nan bidin.

Li gora tabloya jor, diyar dibe ku di peyvn bingehn yn mna hevok, tp, kirde,

rengdr, hoker, lker, qertaf, daek, rawe, dengdar, dengdr de lkolnern kurd li hevdu

kiriye, l bel di hin tgehn rziman yn din de li hev nakin.

Di 48 peyvn mnak de bi ten 21 peyv di nava van xebatan de weke peyvn hevpar

hatine bikarann. Mirov dikeve w baweriy ku lkolnern kurd guh nadin hevdu. Ji ber w

ye ku digel ku di hin metodan de peyva cnavk hatiye bikarann j, em dibnin ku di hinin din

de peyvn pronav an j cnav hatine bikarann. Di esl xwe de wateya van peyvan her yek e, l

bel heger terch xwe li ser bingehek hevpar daneyne, hing di frkirin frbyina ziman de

pirsgirkn tgihitin dikarin peyda bibin.

Weke mnak, heger mirov qebl bike ku qertaf an j pagira ky ji bo kirina navdrn

n t bikarann (weke xwel-dan-k, weke ber-av-k) hing div mirov peyva cnavk j qebl

bike. L bel, heger mirov dijber w bifikire, hing div mirov peyvn xweldan berav j

bi kar bne ku roj di nava xelk de ev form btir bi formn xwe yn weke xweldank

beravk tn naskirin.

Carinan lkolnern kurd bi heman helwsta avakirina peyv tev geriyane, l bel

helwsta wan ya binavkirin ji hev cuda bye. Ji ber w ye ku ji bo koka lker di tabloy de

s terchn cuda xuya dibin : ra, reh, rayek. Ev her s peyv j ji reh daran hatine, l bel

heger ji dervey konteksta zimannasiy xuya bibin, ne xwedan heman wateyan in. Lewre bi

kurd ji koka daran re nabjin rayek heger mirov pagira yek nas kiribe, dikare bikeve

feqa hevwateyan bibje qey behsa rayn trnan an j rayn hilbijartin dibe. Sedema v

tevliheviy j ew e ku kurd bi awayek mecbr bi zimanine din j dizanin ji ber naskirina

wan zimanan j ew peyvn ku ji wateya xwe ya naskir cudatir bi wateyeke n tn bikarann,

dikarin bibin sedema tnegihtin. Her bi heman sedem, cnavka kesn dikare wateyeke

weha bide ku gellek dr cnavka kesane be. Hing weha diyar dibe ku heger ferhengokeke

taybet ya termnolojiya zimannasiy di dawiya van berheman de nebe, zimannas bi xwe j

dikarin ji xebatn hevdu fahm nekin, lewre bey ferhengokek, ne mimkun e ku mirov bizane

ku serve bireser bi heman watey hatine bikarann.

Ji bo ku em bikaranna wan peyvan ya di xebatn dawn de j bibnin, em niha j bala

xwe bidin hin xebat lkolnn ku van saln dawn li ser zaravay kurmanc hatine kirin.

Peyvn mnak dsa bi heman metod hatine diyarkirin.

BOZKURT (2008) BILBIL-BARAN (2008) ZAL (2009) KURMANC (2010) danker sedemkar avaniya lebat avaniya lebat forma pasf avaniya tebat avaniya tebat dijwate dijmane payeya rngdran kemperandin kemperandin bireser bireser pger tite cnavk cnavk cnav pronav (cihnav) cnavka kesan cnavkn kesane cnavn kesaniy pronav kesn daek daek daek daek dema wb dema b dema b (dahat) dema dahat (p) dema bor dema boriya tday dema bor ya tday dema rabor dema niha dema niha dema niha ya tdey dema niho ern ern ern ern gihanek gihanek gihanek gihanek hejmar jimar jmar jimar hevok hevok hevok hevok avaniya hevokan avaniya hevokan hevoksaz hoker hoker hoker kirde kirde kirde kirde derb kirp kesandin kiandin kan kiandin lker lker lker lker lkern gerguhz lkern gerguhz lkern gerguhz lkera tper lkern negerguhz lkern negerguhz lkern negerguhz lkera tneper lkern hevedudan lkern hevedan lkern hevedudan lkern hevedudan rader rader rader rader navdr navdr navdr navdr neyn neyn neyn neyn pgir/berlker prkt pgn pdan / berlker pagir/dawnek parkt pagn padan / dawne pirhejmar pirjimar pirane qertaf qertaf rawe rawe rawe rawe raweya danzann raweya pker raweya hestbar raweya bilan raweya merc raweya hekn raweya ferman raweya ferman parenga rabor ra kok rayek reh (ra- rayek-kok) rengdr rengdr rengdr rengdr tewang tewang tewang pleya her raseriy lapekemper tpn girdek tpn girdek tpn girdek tpn hrek tpn hrdek tpn hrek tpn dengdar tpn dengdar tpn dengdar tpn bdeng tpn dengdr tpn dengdr tpn dengdr tpn dengdar qertafn diyariy radeya diyar rewa binavkir qertafn nediyariy radeya nediyar rewa nebinavkir yekhejmar yekjimar yekjimar tekane

Me bi alkariya lsteya xwe ya peyvn mnak, bala xwe da Kesandina Lkern Kurmanc

(Aynur Bozkurt, 2008), Rzimana Kurmanc (Mikal Bilbil Bahoz Baran, 2008), Ziman

Kurd (Azad Zal, 2009) xebatn Grba Kurmanc (Grba Kurmanc, 2010) ku bi qas ku em

dizanin bi kurd axirn xebatn apkir ne.

Di v tabloy de j diyar dibe ku xebatn van saln dawn j di war termnolojiya

zimannasiy de di pirraniya peyvan de li hev nakin. Di nava van lkoln rzimanan de j, me

49 mnak dan ber hev, l bel, em dibnin ku bi ten 15 mnak hevpar in : avaniya lebat,

daek, gihanek, hevok, hoker, kirde, lker, rader, navdr, neyn, qertaf, rawe, rengdr,

tewang, tpn girdek.

Her xebata Bozkurt (2008) e, ew avkaniyeke berfireh ya li ser kiandina lkeran e ku

ew bi xwe j re dibje kesandina lkeran . L bel, di w pirtk de ne diyar e ka gelo

lkolnera kurd li gora i biryar daye b end demn kurd hene. Lewre, di xebata w de

formn mna Min dixwendiye (boriya domdar a rok) Min xwendibye (boriya dr

a rok) j hene ku em nizanin b Bozkurt (2008) li gora kjan avkaniy ev form di nava

sstema demn kurd de hesibandine. Bi taybet j mnaka Min dixwendiye ku Bozkurt bi

xwe dide, weke mnakeke kir xuya dibe. Di esl xwe de, mnakn mna Ez dixwnime li

herma rojavay bakur Kurdistan tn bikarann, l bel ew forma ku ji dema niha bi pagira

-ey ava bye bi taybetmendiya lkera xwendin ve girday ye nan dide ku di dema

ravekirina xwe de byera xwendin h dewam dike. Heger em v form, weke ku hin

rzimann kurd dibjin, weke formeke domdar qebl bikin, hing div em bikarin hem

lkeran bixin v form, l bel mnakn mna Ez l hay dibime an j Ez dibnime d

nekevin ser mirov, lewre lkera lhaybyin an j lkera dtin ne mna lkera xwendin ne

pvajoyeke dirj ji bo pkhatina wan ne pwst e. Ji ber ku lkolnera kurd bi awayek

morfolojk nzk lkeran bye, l bel taybetmendiyn lkeran yn pvajoy ku j re dibjin

aspect ji br kirine, hing pirsgirkn bi v away j derdikevin hol.1 Di terchn xwe yn

peyvan de j Bozkurt (2008) heman helwst nan dide digel ku xebatn ber w ji bo dema

lkeran ya ku j re dibjin Futur bi pirran digotin dema b, ew j re dibje dema wb.

Herweha ew ji pgirn deman re j dibje berlker (mna di-, bi-) ku ev nav tra ravekirina

erka wan nake, lewre ew pgir him ji bo avakirina dem him j ji bo avakirina pvajoy tn

bikarann. Weke nimne lkera bi pgira di-y, mna pgira mi-ya faris, di dema dtina

xwe de h dewam dike. Ji ber w ye ku em ji pgira di-y re dibjin, pgira berdewamiy.

Hin peyvn din j hene ku lkolnern kurd di rastnivsandina wan de ji hev cuda dibin : 1 Me di lkolnn xwe yn 2006an de bi frans bi kurd behsa v mijara pagira ey kirib bikaranna w ya di hin lkeran de nirxandib.

Em dibnin ku di vira de j pirsgirka di navbera cnav cnavk diyar dibe. Her tercha

Grba Kurmanc ya pronav ye, weha xuyaye ku ji ber bandora xebatn Kamran Bedirxan

t ku peyva pronav ji peyva pronom anb. L bel, di nivseke hejmara 24an de ku ji aliy

Michael Chyet ve hatiye nivsandin, digel ku peyva cihnav hatiye bikarann j, amadekarn

apa 40 hejmarn Kurmanciy guh nedaye v terch ev peyv nexistiye nava ferhenga xwe.

Di tabloya danberheva rziman xebatn dawn de, em dibnin ku carinan

termnolojiyeke gellek cuda j weke pger, pgn, pagn hatiye bikarann ku ev yek dikare

ry bi temam li ber tgihtina berhem j bigire. Ji ber w ye ku berhema Azad Zal (2009),

heger ne bi alkariya ferhengok be, ji aliy termnolojiy ve, nikare were fahmkirin.

Heger em bixwazin hin cudahiyn mezin yn di nava van xebatn dawn de destnan

bikin, em dikarin nimneyn mna yn jr bidin :

Tabloya hin nimneyn cudahiya xebatn van saln dawn dikare bi tena ser xwe

destnan bike b pirsgirka termnolojiy end cidd ye. Lewre heger mirov ji bo peyva

object ya ingilz ar pniyarn cuda li xwendekarn zimanek bike (serve, bireser, pger,

tite), mirov ji dleva hezkirina w ziman, ancax dikare tirsa ji w ziman bide kesn ku

dixwazin rzimana w bixwnin. L, weha diyar e ku d peyva bireser zdetir t bikarann.

Herweha ji bo peyva comparaison (muqayese), teva tabloya yekem diyar dibe ku

zimannasn kurd e terchn cuda pniyar dikin : berhevda, berhevan, berhevdan,

hevrkirin, payeya rengdran, kemperandin. Peyva berhevdan bi wateya xwe bi kurd mna

BOZKURT (2008) BILBIL-BARAN (2008) ZAL (2009) KURMANC (2010) cnavk cnavk cnav pronav (cihnav) ern ern ern ern tpn hrek tpn hrdek tpn hrek yekhejmar yekjimar yekjimar lkern hevedudan lkern hevedan lkern hevedudan lkern hevedudan

BOZKURT (2008) BILBIL-BARAN (2008) ZAL (2009) KURMANC (2010) bireser bireser pger tite payeya rengdran kemperandin kemperandin gerguhz gerguhz gerguhz tper pgir prkt pgn pdan pagir parkt pagn padan qertafn diyariy radeya binav rewa binavkir pirhejmar pirjimar pirane raweya danzann raweya pker

civandin an j komkirin ye ku dr wateya muqayesey ye. Ji ber w ye ku em di v nivs de

danberhev terch dikin, lewre bi kurd, ji bo muqayesekirin, mirov titan dide ber hev.

Ji bo peyva superlatf j, dsa e terchn cuda hatine pniyarkirin : berhemn, serekan,

payeya bilind, berztirn, pleya her raseriy, lapekemper. Peyvn kemper lapekemper ji

aliy Celadet Bedirxan ve rasterast ji ingilz frans hatine girtin.

Me heman mnak bi kurmanciya behdn re dan ber hev me dt ku ji van peyvan, herend

awayn bilvkirin cuda bin j, 11 peyv hevpar in2 ku ew j ev in : dijwate, chnav, chnava

kesane, dema bor, dema niha, hejmar, pgir, pagir, raweya ferman, tpn gir, tpn hr.

Di danberheva termnolojiya kurmanciya bakur ya behdn de, hin cudahiyn xurt j

berbiav dibin. Tabloya jr 25 peyvn ku di rzimanan de her zde tn bikarann nan dide.

KURMANCIYA BAKUR KURMANCIYA BEHDN bireser, pger, tite, serve berkar daek nan, bernav dem tens dema b tof diht dengdar, bdeng consonant dengdr, bideng vowel derb, kirp awaz, hz ghanek amraz lkdan hevok riste hevoksaz ristesaz hoker hevalkar kirde biker lker kar, kirin kiandin, kesandin gerdankirin gerguhz tper negerguhz netper hevedudan darjt rader jder neyn ner qertaf nan rawe rje raweya bilan, raweya hestbar rjeya merci ra, reh, kok binyad rengdr hevalnav tewang tiyan

2 Ji bo alkariya v danberheva termnolojiya di navbera kurmanciya bakur ya behdn de, em spasdar Dr. Bayiz Omer Ehmed in. Cf: Tens li diyalekta jor ya ziman kurd li govera Badin, Dihok, 2002.

1.1. Dengdr an dengdar ?

Pit danberheveke git, em dikarin niha j bala xwe bidin mnakek bi ten, da ku em

fahm bikin b pirsgirka termnolojiy dikare heta i radey kr bie.

Di dema lgerna me ya peyvn xebat lkolnn li ser kurd de, em l hay bn ku li ser

peyveke ku di rzimanan de gellek t bikarann, tevliheviyeke ewqas ecb peyda bye ku

mirov l a dibe. Ev tevlihev di bikarann binavkirina cureyn tpn alfabeya kurd de pk

hatiye. Celadet Bedirxan di Rzana Elfabya Kurd de weha dibje :

Elfabya kurd ji sh yek herfan hevedudan ye () Herf di dengdayiy de du

texlt in : dengdr dengdar. () Di ziman kurd de het dengdr hene : a, e, i, , ,

u, o, . () Di ziman kurd de bst s dengdar hene. 3

Em di Rzana Zman Kurd ya Kamran Bedirxan de j heman hevokan dibnin4. Kamran

Bedirxan heman peyv bi heman wateyan di ferhengoka pa berhema xwe de j bi kar anne

ev ferhengok di apn v berhem yn bi tirk de j hatiye bichkirin. Hing, em dibnin ku di

tercha van herdu lkolnern pn yn rzimana bi ziman kurd de tu guhertin pk nehatiye.

Ew ji bo peyva voyelle vowel bi kurd dibjin dengdr ; ji bo peyva consonne consonant j

bi kurd dibjin dengdar. Pirraniya ferheng rzimann kurd j mna wan heman peyv bi

heman wateyan bi kar anne. Em dibnin ku di rzimann kurd yn van saln dawn de j ew

herdu tgeh her bi helwsta Celadet Bedirxan Kamran Bedirxan ve hatine binavkirin. L

bel, di nava zimannas rzimannasn kurd de, tercheke cuda j diyar dibe ku heger mirov ji

ber de bi v cudahiy nizanibe, mirov nikare ji v mijara sereke ya rzimanan j fahm bike.

Heta niha, me didt ku zimannas rzimannasn kurd ji bo heman tgehan peyvn cuda

terch dikirin. V helwsta wan bguman kar frkirina rzimana kurd girantir dikir, l bel

tevliheviyeke watey peyda nedikir. Di mijara dengdr dengdaran de lkolnern kurd

heman peyv v car ji bo tgehn cuda bi kar tnin. Pirsgirka mezintir j ji vira bi n de

derdikeve. Lewre, heger di rzimaneke kurd de peyva dengdar ji bo 23 tpn

consonne/consonant hatibe bikarann, d mirov w peyv ji bo wan tpan ji ber dike. L bel

gava ku mirov bibne ku di rzimaneke din de heman peyva dengdar v car ji bo tpn

voyelle/vowel t bikarann, d mirov nikare ji nav derkeve. Nabe ku du tgehn zimannasiy

yn cuda xwedan heman nav bin. Bi taybet j gava ku ew herdu tgeh dijber hev bin. 3 Mr Hereqol Ezzan (1932), Rzana Elfabya Qurd, r. 3-4. 4 Kamran Bedir-Xan (1971), Rzana Zman Kurd, Pars, r. 2.

Di Rziman a Ziman Kurd de em dibnin ku Red Kurd (1956) peyva dengdar ji bo tpn

voyelle/vowel bi kar tne ji bo tpn consonne/consonant j dibje bdeng. Heger ew di v

helwst de bi ten bya, pirsgirk ewqas mezin nedib; l bel, Mrad Ciwan (1992) j li

hember navn wan tgehan yn bi tirk, mna Red Kurd, dengdar bdeng nivsne. Grba

Kurmanc Ferhenga Tirk-Kurd ya Mehmed Tanrikulu j mna Red Kurd kiriye.

Weke ku di v tabloya me de j akere dibe, me bala xwe da 23 rziman ferheng lkoln

metodn frkirina kurd. Weha xuya ye ku pirraniya lkolneran peyva dengdar ji bo tpn

consonne/consonant bi kar aniye.

Di xebata Grba Kurmanc de, di v mijar de j navkokiyek ber bi avn me ve ket. Di v

xebat de, nivseke li ser rzimana kurd heye ku ji Rzimana Celadet Bedirxan Roger

Lescot (1970) ji frans hatiye wergerandin di hejmara 4an ya Kurmanciy de hatiye

apkirin. Di w be li ser hin pirsgirkn fonetka kurmanciy de, peyvn mna dengdar

dengdr bi wateyn xwe yn resen hatine bikarann ji bo voyelle/vowel gotiye dengdr, ji bo

VOYELLE / VOWEL CONSONNE / CONSONANT Dengdr Dengdar Bideng Dengdar Bdeng

Celadet Bedirxan X X Kamran Bedirxan X X Baran Rizgar X X X X Arif Zrevan X X eto Ozel X X Sam Tan X X Sibh Ahmed X X X Kamran Bkes X X Aynr Bozkurt X X Hnker X X Evdila Dirj X X M. Bilbil & B. Baran X X Azad Zal X X Celadet elker X X Zana Farqn - F X X D. zol - F X X Kamran Bot - F X X Salah Sadellah - F Nedengdar X Mehmet Tanrikulu - F X X Red Kurd X X Mrad Ciwan X X Kurmanc X X Qanat Kurdo Dengan Bdengan

consonne/consonant j gotiye dengdar. Heta vira tu pirsgirk xuya nabe. L bel, di ferhenga

apkir ya 2010an de li hember peyva voyelle ya frans, bi kurd dengdar hatiye nivsandin ;

li hember peyva consonne a frans j, bi kurd bdeng nivsand ye. Di hejmara 9an ya

Kurmanciy de Rojen Barnas sedema v terch akere dike dide zann ku Kamran

Bedirxan peyvn dengdr (ji bo voyelle) dengdar (ji bo consonne) bi kar diann, l bel ev

peyv diibin hevdu, bi armanca hsankirina frbyina kurd, Grba Kurmanc peyva

dengdar (ji bo voyelle) peyva bdeng (ji bo consonne) terch kiriye. L bel, nay zann ka

gelo ima Grba Kurmanc peyva dengdar xistiye na peyva dengdr ya ku him ji aliy

Celadet Bedirxan him j ji aliy Kamran Bedirxan ve ji bo tpn voyelle/vowel hatib

bikarann. Mirov fahm nake b awa dibe ku du peyvn bi wateyn cuda dijber dikarin di

na hevdu de werin terchkirin ?

Em dibnin ku ser lkolnern kurd di v mijar de tev li hev bye. Ji ber w ye ku di

Uygulamali Krte Dersleri ya Baran Rizgar (1993) de herdu terch j hene, l bel diyar e ku

w xwastiye ry li ber tevliheviy bigire, lewre w peyvn dengdr dengdar li gora

Bedirxaniyan bi kar anne ji bo fahmdana wan j navek duyem li wan kiriye, ku ji tirk

wergerandiye, da ku ry li ber tevliheviya tgihtin bigire.

Herweha diyar e ku Salah Sadallah j di amadekirina Ferhenga ingilz kurd de bi heman

pirsgirk mijl bye qey ji ber w ye ku digel ku mna Celadet Bedirxan ji tpn

consonne/consonant re dibje dengdar, ji tpn voyelle/vowel re dibje nedengdar, xwe bi v

away ji w tevliheviya dengdr dengdaran saf dike.

Bi ten li cem Qanat Kurdo peyvine gellek cuda hatine bikarann. Di dawiya Gramera

Zman Kurd ya Qanat Kurdo de avkaniyn w j hene em dibnin ku Qanat Kurdo di

nava berhemn ber xwe yn bi kurmanc de, bi ten bala xwe daye nivsn Celadet Bedirxan

yn di kovara Hawar de. L, mirov nizane b Qanat Kurdo ima qma xwe bi termnolojiya

Celadet Bedirxan neaniye ku Celadet Bedirxan xwediy yekem rzimana kurd ya bi kurd ye.

1.2. Pirsgirka ayes termnolojiya deman di rzimann kurd de

Heger mirov bixwaze sstema deman fr xwendekaran bike, mirov mecbr e ku navek li

raweyan bike ku bi ingiliz ji wan re dibjin mood bi frans j re dibjin mode her rawe bi

ser xwe xwedan navek taybet ye. Bi ingilz frans ji wan re dibjin indicatif, subjonctif,

conditionnel imperatif ji bo forma lkeran ya dema bihur ku weke rendgr t bikarann j

dibjin participe pass ku ev hem nav j ji latn hatine.

Di zimannasiy de, bi taybet di war demn lkeran de, raweya indicatif weke raweya

sereke diyar dibe, l zimannasn kurd ji bo w j s navn cuda pniyar kirine.

Em niha, weke nimne, bala xwe bidin ar xebatn ku ji bo v mijara raweyan peyv

avakirine : K. Bedirxan (1971), Tan (2005), Bozkurt (2008) Kurmanc (2010).

Hjay gotin ye ku xebatn Kamran Bedirxan ya Sam Tan ya Grba Kurmanciy

yn di v war de ber ya Aynur Bozkurt bi gellek salan hatine apkirin her syan j ji bo

indicatif heman peyv bi kar aniye, l bel Bozkurt (2008) peyveke n pniyar dike. Weha

diyar e ku Bozkurt navn raweyan rasterast yan ji frans yan ji tirk wergerandine. Lewre,

weke mnak, raweya danzann bi tirk dibe haber kipi bi frans j dibe indicatif ku yekser

wergera tercha Bozkurt (2008) e. Ev j careke din akere dike ku Bozkurt di war

termnolojiy de guh nedaye xebatn kurd yn ber xwe ku, ji bo lkolneke bi ddiayeke

ewqas cidd, ev rew dibe sedema mixabiniyeke mezin, lewre xebata Bozkurt, bi qas ku em

dizanin, yekem xebata kiandina lkeran e ku hatiye apkirin.5

Di v tabloy de akere dibe ku Grba Kurmanc ya ku li termnolojiya Kamran

Bedirxan niheriye, di hin waran de bi avakirina w ya peyvan qane nebye. Weke ku diyar

dibe, di pnc nimneyn hilbijart yn tabloya jor de, du nimne ji aliy Grba Kurmanc ve

ji n ve hatine nirxandin raweya biwar bi awayek weha bye parenga rabor ku me opa

peyva pareng di xebatn ber de peyda nekir. Lewre, Grba Kurmanc ji bo peyva mood-

mode, peyva rawe bi kar anb ; l bel, dibe ku ew participe pass ya frans weke rawe

nahesibne ji ber w be ku ji bo v tgeh peyveke cuda hatibe bikarann.

Pirsgirka rzimann kurd ya di war rawe deman de ne bi ten di termnolojiy de ye.

Weke ku me di lkolneke xwe ya ber de bal kiandib ser6, hejmara demn lkeran di

5 Di pirtkxaneya Ensttuya Kurd ya Pars de me xebateke din di v war de dt ku sala 1991 ji aliy Mamed Jemo ve hatiye amadekirin, l bel nehatiye apkirin. 6 Aydogan (2006), Temps, subordination et concordance des temps en kurde, Teza doktoray, Zanngeha Rouen. Be v xebat y li ser deman bi d re di kovara Zend de j di hejmara payiz-2006an de bi kurd hatib apkirin.

BEDIRXAN (1971)

TAN (2005) BOZKURT (2008)

KURMANC (2010)

Frans

Raweya pker raweya pker raweya danzann raweya pker Indicatif Raweya bilan raweya bilan/xwestek raweya hestbar raweya bilan Subjonctif Raweya hekn raweya merc/hekan raweya merc raweya hekn Conditionnel Raweya ferman raweya ferman raweya ferman raweya ferman Impratif Raweya biwar raweya biwar parenga rabor participe pass

rzmann kurmanciy xebatn v war de ne yek e. Heke ji bo demn kurmanciy yn

lkeran em bala xwe bidin hin rziman xebatan, em encamn jr bi dest bixin.

Celadet Bedirxan Roger Lescot (1970) : 17 demn lkeran Red Kurd (1956) : 14 demn lkeran7 Kemal Badilli (1965) : 15 demn lkeran Qanat Kurdo (1990) : 10 demn lkeran Feq Hisn Sagni (1991) : 16 demn lkeran8 Mamed Jemo (1991) : 29 demn lkeran Mrad Ciwan (1992) : 18 demn lkeran Rojen Barnas (1993) : 17 demn lkeran Baran Rizgar (1993) : 12 demn lkeran9 Joyce Blau Veysi Barak (1999) : 16 demn lkeran10 Evn Yalin (2000) : 21 demn lkeran Subh Ahmad (2003) : 12 demn lkeran11 Kamiran Bkes (2004) : 17 demn lkeran Sam Tan (2005) : 27 demn lkeran 12 Aynr Bozkurt (2008) : 16 demn lkeran Mikal Bilbil Bahoz Baran (2008) : 13 demn lkeran Azad Zal (2009) : 14 demn lkeran

Ji bo naskirina formn lkeran ku di van lkoln rzimann jor de weke demn lkeran

hatine pejirandin, pwst e ku mirov bi tabloyek wan bide ber hev. Em du lkolnn bi

frans hatine kirin du lkolnn dawn ku bi kurd hatine kirin weke nimne bidin ber hev. Ji

xwe Yalin (2000) rzimann Badilli (1965)13, Bedirxan Lescot (1970), Ciwan (1992),

Sagni (1991) Rizgar (1993) Blau Barak (1999) dabn ber hev lsteya xwe ji wan

amade kirib. Bi v away, ev tabloya jor dikare bi awayek ba temsla hem rzimann

kurd bike.

7 Red Kurd berhema xwe ya bi nav Rzman a Ziman kurd sala 1956an ap kiriye, l bel em di v lkoln de xwe disprin apa w ya 2006an ya am ku ji aliy apxaneya Dar-el Zaman ve hatiye kirin. 8 Li gora Yalin, Feq Husn Sagni behsa 15 demn lekeran dike. L bel, Sagni nav 16 deman dide. Ya ku Yalin nahesibne ew dem e ku Sagni dibje ku bi ten ji bo lkern alkar yn mna karn, zann, vn wrn t bikarann. Me di xebata xwe ya 2006an de ev lker weke lkern marjnal bi nav kiribn. 9 Berhema Baran Rizgar ya bi nav Uygulamali Krte Dersleri (bi tirk ye) sala 1993an hatiye apkirin. L, em di v lkoln de xwe disprin apa w ya sala 2005an. 10 Digel ku Blau Barak (1999) ayesa 16 demn lkeran dikin j, ew, di tabloya xwe ya deman ya encam de (r. 117), bi ten nav nav 13 deman didin. 11 Li ser berhema Subh Ahmad ya bi nav Pirtka Rziman : Zaravay kurmanc, mixabin sala ap nehatiye nivsandin. L bel ji hejmara w ya ISBNy diyar dibe ku sala 2003an hatiye apkirin. 12 Ya rastn, Sam Tan behsa 19 demn lkeran dike. L bel, ew hin formn lkeran bi gellek navn cuda ji n ve rove dike. Li gora van roveyan, em fahm dikin ku ew behsa 27 demn lkeran dike. Em di tabloya danberhev de bi ten behsa wan 19 forman dikin. Di xebata Mikal Bilbil Bahoz Baran de j formeke lkeran bi gellek awayan hatiye bikarann ku heman pirsgirka Rzimana Sam Tan, di Rzimana wan de j diyar dibe. 13 Li gora lkolna Yalin (2000), Kemal Badilli behsa 11 deman dike, l di esl xwe de Badilli li ser 15 formn lkeran disekine. Me j li gora w di xebata xwe ya 2006an de gotib ku behsa 11 deman dibe, l bi d re em l hay bn ku Yalin (2000) demn Badilli (1965) km hesibandine.

Mnak JEMO (1991) YALIN (2000) TAN (2005) BILBIL-BARAN (2008)

Ez dikevim dema niha dema niha dema niha dema niha

Ez dikevime dema niha ya domdar dema niha ya domdar dema niha ya domdar

Ez hergav dikevim dema fireh dema fireh

Ez dikevim dema niha ya berbiav

Ez ketim dema boriya tdey dema boriya tdey dema boriya tdey dema boriya tdey

Ez nuh ketim dema bihuriya nzk

Ez ketime dema boriya ddar dema boriya ddar dema boriya ddar dema boriya ddar

Ez diketim rokiya dema nuha raboriya berdest dema boriya berdest rokiya dema niha

Ez diketime rokiya d.. nuhaya domdar raboriya berdest a rok

Ez diketibm rokiya d. nuha a dr raboriya dr a liserbyin

Ez diketibme r. berdest a dr domdar

Ez ketibm rokiya boriya tdey rokiya boriya tdey rokiya boriya tdey rokiya dema boriya ddar

Ez ketibme . boriya tdey a domdar . b. tdey a nedtin rokiya boriya ddar

Ez dikim bikevim dema b ya nzk dema b ya nzk dema b ya nzk

Ez dikim bikevime dema b ya nzk domdar

Ez bikevim dema b dema b dema b dema b

Ez bikevime dema bya domdar

Ez bikevim dema nihaya xwestek dema nihaya xwestek dema nihaya xwestek xwestek/bilan/ert/viyan 1 Ez bikevime d. nihaya xwestek domdar

Ez ketibim dema bihuriya xwestek dema bihuriya xwestek raweya merc daxwaz

Ez ketibime d.b. xwestek domdar

Ez biketama irokiya d. nuha a xwestek dema boriya merc dema boriya xwestek rokiya raweyn xwestek

Ez biketabma r.b. a dr a xwestek

Ez ketibma rokiya xwestek dema boriya dr merc rokiya xwestek xwestek/bilan/ert/viyan2 Ez ketibim dema bihuriya merc dema bihuriya xwestek(2) dahatiya p dema b ya tkz

Ez ketibime dema bihuriya merc a domdar

Ez dikira biketama d. bihur. merc a dahatiya p dema bya nzk a xwestek

Ez biketama rokiya dema nuhaya merc dema boriya merc (2) dema bya xwestek rokiya dema b

Ez biketabma rok. D. nuhaya merc dr

Ez ketibma rok. boriya tdey a merc dema boriya dr a merc (2) dema bya rokiya xwestek

Bikeve nihaya raweya ferman raweya ferman raweya ferman raweya ferman

Bikeveye n. raweya ferman a domdar

Navn formn lkeran li gor Jemo (1991), Yalin (2000)14, Tan (2005) Bilbil Baran (2008).

14 Em bi xwe navn demn Jemo (1991) yn Yalin (2000) werdigernin kurmanc, ji ber ku ev lkoln frans hatine kirin. Di v werger de di wergern din de ku di v xebat de ji frans hatine kirin, me hewl da ku, heta ku ji me were, em sadiq tercha lkolneran bimnin.

Li gora tabloya me ya danberhev diyar dibe ku di kurmanciy de em dikarin behsa 32

formn lkeran bikin ku zimannasn kurd weke demn lkeran dipejirnin. Em dibjin 32

form, lewre hin form di hin xebatan de xuya nabin, l di xebatine din de hene. Gava ku mirov

hem forman dide ser hev, hing ev hejmar bi dest dikeve ku di tu zimanan de ewqas dem

nnin.

Me pirsgirka zdebna formn lkeran an j demn wan di xebatn xwe yn ber de

nirxandib hin encam pniyar kiribn. L bel tabloya jor pirsgirka binavkirina wan forman j destnan dike ku ev pirsgirk dikeve war termnolojiy.

Em di tabloya jor de bi awayek zelal dibnin ku di war deman de j lihevkirineke git

ya termnolojiy xuya nabe. Di nava herdu xebatn frans de, herweha di nava herdu

xebatn kurd de, em dibnin ku cudahiyn bingehn yn binavkirin hene. Ev cudah di nava

xebatn din de j diyar dibe.

Bi v away, hers xebatn din ku bi frans li ser ziman kurd hatine kirin, Bedirxan

Lescot (1970), Jemo (1991) Blau-Barak (1999) j di binavkirina deman de li hev nakin.

Weke nimne, Blau-Barak (1999) ji forma Ez ketibim re dibjin subjonctif parfait (dema

boriya xwestek ya nzk) digel ku Jemo (1991) j re gotib prtrit conditionnel (dema

boriya merc) Bedirxan-Lescot (1970) j j re gotib futur antrieur (dema boriya dema b).

Herweha Blau-Barak (1999) ji forma Ez biketama re dibjin conditionnel parfait (merca

nzk) digel ku Bedirxan-Lescot (1970) Jemo (1991) j re gotibn imparfait du subjonctif

(rokiya dema niha ya xwestek).

Blau-Barak (1999) Jemo (1991) Bedirxan-Lescot (1970)

Ez ketibim Subjonctif parfait Prtrit conditionnel Futur antrieur

Ez biketama Conditionnel parfait Imparfait du subjonctif Imparfait du subjonctif

Termnolojiya Bedirxan-Lescot bi me btir nzk rastiya erka deman xuya dibe.

Binavkirinn nzk ya Bedirxan-Lescot di rzimana Feq Hisn Sagni de j xuya dibe.

Sagni j ji Ez ketibim re dibje dema bya hevedudan ji Ez biketama re j

dibje rokiya xwestiniya hevedudan ku bi wateya xwe ve nzk binavkirina Bedirxan-

Lescot e. Gellek balk e ku tu peywendiya xwestiniy di v mnak de xuya nabe, lewre

ew btir dema b ya dema bihur (futur du pass) rave dike. Herweha, Blau Barak (1999) l

hay nebne ku ji xwe hevokn kurmanciy yn merc bi raweya xwestek tn pkann. Qey ji

ber w ye ku wan ev herdu nav tev li hev kirine.

Yalin (2000) (2001)15 termnolojiya Joyce Blau16 terch dike. L bel Yalin (2000)

carinan weke Joyce Blau bi nav nake ji Ew diketiye re dibje imparfait narratif (rokiya

niha ya vegotin) digel ku Bedirxan-Lescot (1970) Blau-Barak (1999) j re gotib imparfait

duratif (rokiya niha ya domdar).17

Her rzimann bi ziman kurd ne, lihevkirina wan ji xebatn bi frans ne tir e. Digel

ku Sagni (1991) forma dema bya hevedudan (Ez ketibim) xistib nava rzimana xwe, ev

form di rzimann Rizgar (1993) Tan (2005) de xuya nabe. L bel heman form di rzimana

Ciwan (1992) de bi nav gelecek zamanin rivayeti diyar dibe ku ev rziman j mna ya Rizgar

bi ziman tirk hatib nivsandin.

Herweha, Sagni (1991) ji forma Ew biketaya re dibje rokiya xwestin l bel

Rizgar (2005) j re dibje Bilan : dema boriya tday Tan (2005) j bi s awayn cuda

behsa v form dike18 j re dibje dema boriya raweya xwestek, dema boriya raweya bilan

dema boriya berdest ya raweya divt. Hing Tan di bin s mijarn cuda de heman form bi

kar tne, lewre ew v form bi bilan, divt xwestek dinirxne. L bel, bila bi kurd ji

bo ravekirina daxwazan t bikarann ku bi v away raweya bilan raweya xwestek ku di

rzimana Tan (2005) de hene dikevin heman war ; div j ji bo ravekirina mecbriyetan t

bikarann ku ravekirina van hem rewan bi heman forma lkeran t pkann, lewre ew

hestan, tirsan, daxwazan mecbriyetan rave dikin ku bi ingilz frans ji wan re dibjin

subjonctif. Ji xwe nav v rawey j ji tirk hatiye wergerandin, lewre bi tirk j re dibjin

dilek ve istek kipleri.

SAGNIC (1991) RIZGAR (2005) TAN (2005)

Ez ketibim Dema bya hevedudan

Ez biketama rokiya xwestin Bilan : dema boriya tday Dema boriya raweya xwestek

15 Yalin (2001), La morpho-syntaxe du verbe kurde, teza master, Zanngeha Paris III. 16 Hjay gotin ye ku lkolna Yalin (2000) di bin berpirsiyariya Joyce Blau de hatiye kirin. 17 Ji herdu xebatn Yalin (2000) (2001) p ve me tu xebatn din bi frans nedtin ku di qadeke akademk de li ser demn kurmanciy hatibin kirin. 18 Tan (2005), r. 254, 259 264.

Heman rew di xebatn lkolnern kurd yn almanaxv de j berbiav dibe. Huseyin

Kartal (1992) di xebata xwe ya bi nav Das Kurdische Verbum de, ji bo binavkirina deman,

hejmaran bi kar tne , weke mnak, dibje Futur I, Futur II, Passe I, Passe II. Weha diyar e

ku Kartal (1992) bi bandora xebatn zimannasiy yn alman ve ev terch kiriye, lewre di

xebata Harald Weinrich19 ya li ser demn alman de j heman binavkirin hatine bikarann.

Em opa v termnolojiya zimannasiya alman di lkolna Zerdet Haco (2002)20 de j

dibnin. Haco di w xebata xwe de sedema v tercha xwe j akere dike dibje ku, li gora

w, ne rast e ku mirov ji dleva peyvn latn yn mna Prsens, Prteritum, Perfect,

Plusquamperfect, rabe navine din peyda bike. Pniyara w j ew e ku mirov hejmaran bixe

nava karn zimannasiya hemdem. Li gora xwe, akere dike ka gelo ew tit ku ew j re dibje

zimannasiya hemdem i ye j ber ku ji s formn lkern kurd re bibje Dema b I (Futur

I), Dema b II (Futur II), Dema bor I (Passe I) Dema Bor II (Passe II), weha dibje :

Li gor dtina min w ba be, gava em hijmaran, ango 1, 2, 3, 4 bixine nav

rzimaniya ziman xwe, awa ko ro lingstka hemdem hijmaran bikar tne. Heta di

ziman elman de j Futur I Futur II t gotin. Ji ber v yek ez pitgriya pniyara

birz Hisn Kartal dikim, y ko weke ko ez dizanim, Kurd p b, y hijmar ji

ppelkn dem re bi kar ann.

Div mirov piek li ser v daxuyaniya Haco (2002) raweste, lewre ev helwsta ku di v

daxuyaniy re akere dibe, di esl xwe de, helwsta hem lkolnern kurd yn war

zimannasiy ye. Weke ku di nimneyn jor de j diyar dib, zimannas rzimannasn kurd

tim di bin bandora hin zimann biyan de dimnin ku ba nas dikin xwendinn xwe yn

teork j bi wan zimanan dikin. Herkes dibje qey ya her ba referansa w bi xwe ye ji ber

w ye ku Haco dibje qey zimannasiya alman d zimannasiya hemdem e pniyar dike ku

herkes bide pey zimannasn alman, l bel argumentn w ne zelal in. Herweha, gellek

balk e ku Zerdet Haco pita xwe naspre ziman ereb ku ew ba p dizane, l xwe dispre

19 Harald Weinrich zimannasek navdar y war deman e pirtka w ya bi nav Le Temps weke referanseke bingehn ya demnasiy (temporality) t pejirandin. Ew bi esl xwe alman e, l pirtkn w bi frans j hatine apkirin. 20 HACO Zerdet (2002), Dem di kurmanciya bakur de, weke gotareke nternet hatiye belavkirin : http://www.avestakurd.net/arshiv/avesta30/zerdest%20haco.htm Ev gotar herweha bi ar bean di kovara Hwa de j hatiye apkirin. Zerdet Haco di hevpeyvneke taybet de bi me da zann ku ew lkoln ji teza w ya doktoray hatiye girtin berfirehkirin. Haco ew teza xwe sala 1982an li Zanngeha Azad ya Berln parastib.

ziman alman y ku weke lingstka hemdem bi nav dike. Ev helwsta li ser ziman

ewrop redda ziman ereb dikare bi motvasyonn siyas ve were nirxandin.

Ev helwsta siyas li cem lkolnern kurd-bakur bi heman reng xuya nabe. Lewre, em

dibnin ku di rzimann kurd yn ku bi tirk hatine nivsandin de ziman referans dsa ziman

tirk ye. Ji ber w ye ku li cem Badilli (1965) Ciwan (1992) demeke bi nav dema fireh

diyar dibe ku ber di tu xebatn din de xuya nebb. Hjay gotin ye ku ev dem di ziman

tirk de heye ku j re dibjin geni zaman yekser wergera dema fireh e. L bel, ji bo kurd

digel ku mirov bikare behsa karn ku her dem tn kirin bike j (mnak : Ez heftey carek

diim snemay), mirov nikare ji bo v bikaranna rawey ya dema niha behsa formeke

lkeran ya xweser bike. Lewre hoker (heftey carek) alkariya deman dikin, l deman ava

nakin. Gava ku formeke nuh nebe, demeke nuh j peyda nabe. Di zimann mna kurd yn ku

bi heman form gellek erkan pk tnin de, ji van bikarannan re dibjin bikarannn rawey,

yan ew forma lker, bi heman form, ji bo erk weteyeke din j t bikarann.

Zanna zimann ewrop weke naneke xurt di nava xebatan de akere dibe dikare hin

encamn balk j bide. Weke nimne di lkolna Akrey (1982) Blau-Barak (1999) de, em

formeke Ez dixwnime dibnin ku herdu j j re dibjin present progressif. Bi htimaleke

mezin, ev form bi bandora xwendina rzimana ingiliz ve ketiye rzimana kurd j. Heman

nirxandin dikare ji bo Ez dikim bikevim j were kirin ku Ciwan (1992) Tan (2005) j re

gotiye dema b ya nzik. Ev binavkirin j di rzimana frans de heye, l bel gellek balk e

ku herdu zimannasn kurd ku behsa wan dibe, bi qas ku em p dizanin, bi frans nizanin.

Weke ku me di xebatn xwe yn 2006an de destnan kirib, nimneya Ez dikim bikevim ne

bi dem re l bel bi pvajoy re tkildar e ku bi ingilz frans j re dibjin aspect. Her

dema b ye, ji bo ku mirov bikare behsa w bike, fikireke diyar armanceke zelal an j

amadekirineke pkhatina byer ya berbiav pwst e div byer bi d re pk were. L, di

v nimney de tu niyet armanc an j amadekirine kirineke bi v reng xuya nabe. Bi ten

htimal heye ku ketin pk were, l bel dema b li ser htimalan nay avakirin. Ji ber ku

cudahiya di navbera dema b amadekariya byera muhtemel de gellek hessas e, ev

tevlihev j pk hatiye. areya w ew e ku mirov w form veguhezne ser hemtaya w ya

chana bihur21 l binere ka gelo fikira dema b di v form de zelal e an na. Ji ber w ye ku

gava ku em w vediguheznin ser chana bihur dikin Ez dikira biketama, t fahmkirin ku

21 Em tgehn chana niha chana bihur li gora modela Co Vet bi kar tnin. Vet (1981) dem li gora pkhatina wan a di nava du chann cuda de dihesibandin ji wan re digot Mondes Possibles (chann muhtemel). Li gora v model, her demeke lkeran ya chanek, di chana din de xwedan hemtayek ye. Weke mnak dema niha ya chana niha, di chana bihur de beranber rokiya dema niha t.

ketin pk nehatiye. Bi ten, hindik mab pk bihataya. Hing fikra dema b di nimneya Ez

dikim bikevim de nne, bi ten htimal heye ku Ez bikevim, l bel dibe ku Ez nekevim j.

Hing, em dikarin avdriyeke sereke bikin : lkolnern kurd ji dleva ku pita xwe

bisprin lihevkirineke git, xwe bi xwe hewl didin ku pirsgirka termnolojiy bi referansn

zimann biyan areser bikin. L, pirsgirk ew e ku referansa hemyan ne yek e.

Careke din diyar dibe ku lkolner xebatn ber xwe ba nanirxnin. Ji ber w ye ku em

dibnin ku hay Blau-Barak (1999) herweha hay Yalin (2000) (2001) j nne ku Celadet

Bedirxan herweha Kamran Bedirxan di lkolnn xwe de pniyar dikin ku koka dema

niha ji raweya ferman were girtin. Digel ku van herdu kesan xebatn xwe bi frans

nivsandine, Blau Barak (1999) herweha Yalin (2000) didin fahmkirin ku ji bo

bidestxistina koka dema niha tu zagon nnin. Digel ku em dibnin ku mekanzmayeke

bidestxistina v kok hatiye pniyarkirin j, mirov dibje qey hay lkolnern frans ji hev

nebye, lewre qet behsa pniyara Celadet Bedirxan Kamran Bedirxan nakin j.

Heman gazind dikare ji lkolnn kurd j were kirin. Lewre di xebatn Bilbil-Baran

(2008) Zal (2009) herweha Bozkurt (2008) de j diyar dibe ku hay wan ji xebata me ya

2006an ji wergera be w y li ser deman ku di kovara Zend de hatib belavkirin

nebye. Hing avdriya me ya duyem t peyitandin: lkolnern kurd xebatn ber xwe ba

naxwnin an j guh nadin wan.

Yek ji nimneyn her balk j ew e ku xebatn zimannasiy bi nasnameyn siyas tn

kirin ev j ry li ber digire ku pketineke git pk were. Lewre heger hay lkolneran ji

hevdu nebe, ew xebatn hevdu herweha kmaniyn hevdu dubare bikin nikaribin ji

lkolnn hevdu stifade bikin. Weke nimne, em dizanin ku di Gruba Kurmanc de ji 25

salan vir ve ye ku xebateke termnolojiy t kirin, l bel ji ber meyla siyaskirina xebatn

ziman, ev xebat ji aliy hem lkolneran ve nayn naskirin. Herweha lekolnern ku ji

derdorn siyas yn din in j nikarin tev li xebatn Grba Kurmanc bibin. Ji ber w ye ku di

nava avkaniyn Bilbil-Baran (2008) Zal (2009) de nav xebatn Grba Kurmanc diyar

nabe, digel ku di ber xebata termnolojiy re gellek gotarn li ser rzimana kurd j ji aliy w

grb ve hatine apkirin. Ji bil Tan (2005), di nava avkaniyn tu rzimanan de behsa xebata

Grba Kurmanc nehatiye kirin. Hing avdriya me ya syem j d ev be : dwarn siyas

ry li ber pketina xebatn zimannasiy digirin.

Encam

Di lkolneke bi v away de areserkirina pirsgirkn

bingehn yn qada zimannasiya kurd ne hsan e. L bel em

dikarin pita xwe pisprin peyva Jean-Paul Sartre ku digot

nandayin guhertin e bibjin ku, weke ku me nan da,

pirsgirk gellek cidd ne, lewre d weha bye ku zimannas

bi xwe j nikaribin ji hevdu fahm bikin.

L bel, ya j girngtir di frkirin de ye ev pirsgirkn

termnolojiy dikarin ry li ber bigirin ku xwendekar ji

rzimana kurd fahm bikin. Lewre heger zimannas nikaribin

ji hevdu fahm bikin, hing rew d ji bo xwendekaran h

aloztir be ev yek dikare bibe sedem ku baweriya bi

rzimann kurd j km bibe.

Bel, termnolojiya zimanek berhema lihevkirineke git

ya li ser w ziman ye. Carinan hin dezgehn mna

Akademiya Frans hene ku ji bo ziman xwe peyvan

pniyar dikin an j ava dikin. Dibe ku ev dezgeh ne ferm j

bin, weke ferhenga Robert ya frans ku her sal peyvn n j

dinirxne. Carinan j hin lkolnern mezin hene ku

termnolojiya ku wan bi kar aniye, pit demek dibe

termnolojiyeke hevpar. Weke mnak, Gilbert Lazard ku

zimannasek navdar y zimann ran ye, di lkolneke xwe

ya sala 1956an de ku li ser ziman tacik kirib, di

jrenotek de behsa formek dike j re dibje medyatf. Di

saln 1990 de, ev peyva w ya w jrenota navdar d b

nav tgeha medyatf ku roj j herkes bi kar tne.

Her kurmanc ye, kes yekem ku bi kurd xebatn

rziman kiriye Celadet Bedirxan e. Di tabloya klek de, em

dibnin ku digel ku hin peyvn termnolojiya Celadet

Bedirxan pit w nehatine bikarann j, em opa

termnolojiya w di xebatn dema me de h j dibnin. Bi v

Celadet Bedirxan - HAWAR banean bje bhnok bilvkirin bilindek bireser daek dengdan dengdar dengdr dunik elfabe gelejmar gihanek herf/tp herfn girdek herfn hrek hevedudan hevenav hman hoker kemper/miqayese kevanek kt komek/hevok lker mjer msal navdr nr/m/ntar niqte niqtean pirs pronav pronavn kesn pronavn kirar pronavn iark pronavn xwemaln rawes rengdr rengdrn wesfn rzan serenav tewang tof vekt veqetandek veqetandekn binavkir veqetandekn nebinavkir vsih yekejmar zar nvrow

away, em dibnin ku di 52 peyvn mnak de, bi qas ku em dizanin, bi kman 41 peyv h j ji

aliy zimannas rzimannasn kurd ve tn bikarann. L bel, weke ku t zann, Celadet

Bedirxan di kovara Hawar de hin peyvn din j ava kiribn, mna drbsk (telefon),

wneguhz (televizyon), l dsa j ew peyv neketibn nava ziman kurd, ji ber ku ji aliy

kesn din ve nehatibn bikarann.

Yan, kurt kurmanc, avkan i be j, heta ku li ser peyvek lihevkirineke git pk ney,

mirov nikare bibje ku termnolojiyeke git pk hatiye. L bel, dsa j, weke ku me destnan

kir, li ser hin peyvn bingehn lihevkirineke git diyar dibe. Ew peyvn hevpar j bi pirran ji

Hawar Bingehn Gramera Kurdmanc ya Celadet Bedirxan tn. Ji ber ku Celadet Bedirxan

rzimana xwe bi daw nekiriye Roger Lescot ji dleva w ew rziman bi daw kiriye ap

kiriye, roj em w rzimana ku Celadet Bedirxan dixwast amade bikiraya bi ten bi zimann

biyan dikarin bixwnin. Li gora ben ku w bi kurd amade kirine, em tdigihjin ku

termnolojiya ku w bi kar aniye, roj h j bandora xwe li ser xebatn zimannasiya kurd dike.

Gava ku pniyara peyveke n ji aliy kesine din j were pejirandin, hing ew dibe

termnolojiya git, heger na, ew peyv bi ten di war termnolojiyeke exs de dimne

tgihtina ji w termnolojiy j d dijwar be.

Bi v away, em dikarin di zimannasiya kurd de du qadn termnolojiy destnan bikin :

termnolojiya exs termnolojiya git. Ji bil hin peyvn hevpar ku me di v xebat de

destnan kirin, hem peyvn din yn ku di tabloyn me de xuya dibin, dikevin qada

termnolojiya exs dikarin di tgihtina ji hevdu de bibin sedema pirsgirkn cidd.

Div em v j bibjin ku ji ber ku dezgeheke kurd ya ziman tuneye, pirraniya zimannas

rzimannasn kurd j bey formasyoneke zimannasiy btir bi xwendinn rzimann biyan

dest bi lkolnn li ser ziman kurd dikin. Ji ber nebna perwerdehiya bi ziman kurd j,

pirsgirkn lkolnn kurd her ku die btir kr diin. Xema zimannas rzimannasn kurd

dikare bi sedemn xwe yn drok civak were fahmkirin div keda wan j km ney dtin.

Lewre, di dewreke weha de ku ziman kurd qedexe b perwerdehiya w neb, rzimann

kurd an j metodn frbyina kurd ku hatine amadekirin, diketin na dibistanan. Pirsgirka

ku di v xebat de hatiye behskirin, bi ten pirsgirka wan ya termnolojiy ye an j pirsgirka

binavkirina tgehn zimannasiy ye. Lewre bikrhatina wan nikare were nqakirin.

Em dikarin avdriyn v lkolna xwe weha dubare bikin :

1- Ji ber ku perwerdehiya kurd bi awayek git nebye, zimannas rzimannasn kurd

bi pirran bey formasyona zimannasiy bi xemn kurdayetiy dest bi xebatn xwe

kirine.

2- Ji ber ku dezgeheke ziman kurd tuneye, zimannasn kurd hewl didin ku pirsgirkn

ziman xwe pirsgirkn termnolojiy bi xwe areser bikin ku ev helwst pirsgirk

mezintir tevlihevtir dike.

3- Lkolnern ziman kurd xebatn ber xwe ba naxwnin ba nanirxnin ev j ry

li ber wan digire ku ji xebat lkolnn ber xwe stifade bikin. Bi v away, r li ber

pketina zanistiya kurd j t girtin.

4- Dwarn siyas di nava lkolnern ziman kurd de hatine avakirin danstendinn

lkolneran bi ten di nava derdor civakn siyas de pk tn ku ev j dibe pirsgirkeke

cidd.

5- Ji ber van pirsgirkn jor, roj di qada zimannasiya kurd de termnolojiyeke exs li

hember termnolojiyeke git peyda bye her lkolner li gora xwe termnolojiyeke n

ava dike.

6- Pirsgirkn termnolojiy ry li ber digirin ku zimannasn kurd ji hevdu fahm bikin.

Ji bo xwendekar agirtn rzimana kurd, ev rew pirsgirkn perwerdehiya rzimana

kurd j peyda dike.

7- Ji bo areseriya van pirsgirkan, div lkolnern kurd bi awayek acl li hev bikin ku

Dezgeheke Ziman Kurd were damezirandin ev dezgeh ji hz rxistinan serbixwe

be , bey ku guh bide cudahiyn brdoz, bibe bingeh peywendiyn lkolneran

bikare biryaran li ser pirsgirka termnolojiy pirsgirkn din yn zimannasiya kurd

bide.

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