DEUTEROSTOMIA The Echinoderms
Transcript of DEUTEROSTOMIA The Echinoderms
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Natural Sciences 360Legacy of LifeLecture 9Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
DEUTEROSTOMIAThe Echinoderms
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Choanoflagella
Porifora
Placozoa
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
Protostomia
Pterobranchia
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Chordata
Animalia
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Recall: Bilateralia –Includes two great groups of animals:
Protostomia (means 1st mouth)Deuterostomia (means 2nd
mouth)
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ECHINODERMATA:
Characterized by:•Radial symmetry as adults (bilateral as larvae)•Water-vascular system
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There are many groups of echinoderms. The moist important extant groups (those that remain alive) are:
Crinoidea (sea lilies)Asteroidea (starfishes)Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)Echinoidea (sea urchins)Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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The echinoderm skeleton is INTERNAL, and composed of elements called ossicles.
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea
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DEUTEROSTOMIA
Phylum Chordata
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Choanoflagella
Porifora
Placozoa
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
Protostomia
Pterobranchia
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Chordata
Animalia
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Recall from last week: Bilateralia – Includes two great groups of animals:
Protostomia (means 1st mouth)Deuterostomia (means 2nd
mouth)
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The best known of the Deuterostomia:
•Pterobranchia•Echinodermata•Hemichordata•Chordata
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PHYLUM CHORDATA:
Deuterostomes with GILL SLITS(Orginal function of gill slits NOT for breathing; for FILTER FEEDING.)
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PHYLUM CHORDATA
Deuterostomes with the following synapomorphies:
•Pharyngeal gill slits•Dorsal hollow nerve cord•Notochord•Post-anal tail
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PHYLUM CHORDATA
Includes the following subphyla:
•Urochordata•Cephalochordata•Vertebrata
•(People used to think Hemichordata were included, but they turn out to be the sistergroup.)
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SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA
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How can something like this be related to chordates like us?
Addition of a new life stage: a mobile larval stage.
CAENOGENESIS: Interpolation of a new life stage into the lifecycle.
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The new larval stage of a urochordate
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UROCHORDATE: Metamorphosis from larva to adult
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Adult urochordate
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Some urochordates stay larval all life long, but they become sexually mature –an example of NEOTONY.
Where else have we heard of neotony?
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More “fish-like” PHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATA
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DHNC
Notochord
Pharynx
Gill slits
Muscle blocks
Cephalochordate – Branchiostoma (“Amphioxus”)
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So, then what’s a vertebrate…?
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