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![Page 1: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Detector & Interaction Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES Region Concepts for DES
and SIDISand SIDIS
Pawel Nadel-TuronskiPawel Nadel-Turonski
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VAJefferson Lab, Newport News, VA
EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony Brook, NYEICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony Brook, NY
![Page 2: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
12 January 2009 2
Outline
1. Deep Exclusive Reactions1. Deep Exclusive Reactions
2. Detector and Interaction Region Concepts2. Detector and Interaction Region Concepts
3. SIDIS3. SIDIS
• Kinematics at various proton energies• Acceptance and PID
• Only brief discussion
• Taking advantage of crossing angle and symmetric kinematics• Detector implementation
![Page 3: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
12 January 2009 3
Exclusive meson kinematics – p
• Meson kinematics integrated over all Q2
– Vertical lines at 30° (possibly up to 40°) indicate transition from central barrel to endcaps
– Horizontal line indicates maximum meson momentum for π/K separation with a DIRC
• Problem: cross section falls rapidly with Q2
– Higher Q2 is needed due to factorization requirements for GPD determination, but plots shown are dominated by photoproduction.
Tanja Horn
ep → e'π+n
4 on 12 GeV 4 on 30 GeV 4 on 250 GeV
![Page 4: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
12 January 2009 4
Exclusive meson kinematics – Q2
Tanja Horn
ep → e'π+n
4 on 12 GeV 4 on 250 GeV4 on 60 GeV
• “Asymmetric” kinematics: 250 GeV protons– high Q2 mesons are detected in ion side endcap
• May suggests slightly different optimizations, but no major differences
• “Symmetric” kinematics: 12 - 60 GeV protons– high Q2 mesons are detected in the central barrel
![Page 5: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
12 January 2009 5
Exclusive meson kinematics – p at higher Q2
Tanja Horn
4 on 250 GeV4 on 30 GeV
no Q2 cut no Q2 cut
Q2 > 10 GeV2Q2 > 10 GeV2
• The meson momentum distribution has a strong Q2-dependence
• DIRC not useful at 250 GeV. Large bore angle (RICH acceptance) helpful?
• No mesons at small angles where solenoid resolution is poor (both kinematics).
• Momentum resolution (dp/p ~ p from tracking), a challenge at 250 GeV?
![Page 6: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
12 January 2009 6
“Symmetric” kinematics – 4 on 30 GeV
Tanja Horn
ep → e'π+n
recoil baryonsscattered electronsmesons
no Q
2 cut
Q2 >
10
GeV
2
t-distribution unaffected
forward mesons: low Q2, high p
low-Q2 electrons in electron endcap
high-Q2 electrons in central barrel:
1-2 < p < 4 GeV
mesons in central barrel:
2 < p < 4 GeV
![Page 7: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
12 January 2009 7
For Q2 > 10 GeV2, 4 on 30 or 250 GeV is quite different
Tanja Horn
recoil baryonsscattered electronsmesons
4 on
250
GeV
4 on
30
GeV
t/t ~ t/Ep lower Ep better
DIRC not useful
very high momenta
electrons in central barrel, but p different
2.5°
0.5°
![Page 8: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Exclusive electron kinematics – Q2
Tanja Horn
ep → e'π+n
4 on 250 GeV4 on 12 GeV 4 on 60 GeV
• Q2-distribution similar for all proton energies– Electron momenta are very different on ion side!
• Electrons with Q2 > 5 GeV2 will generally be detected in the central barrel
• Higher electron energies shift distribution to the left
electrons with beam energy
![Page 9: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
12 January 2009 9
1. (Crab) crossing angle and symmetric kinematics1. (Crab) crossing angle and symmetric kinematics
2. Detector Challenges2. Detector Challenges
3. Accelerator benefits3. Accelerator benefits
• Allow a compact forward ion detector• Can be used to eliminate synchrotron radiation• Produce electron and meson momenta comparable to CLAS
– Good momentum resolution– Good particle identification
• Reduced chromaticity (f/β*)
• Optimization of forward ion detection• PID at higher electron enegies (5-10 GeV)
DES detector and Interaction Region concepts
![Page 10: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
12 January 2009 10
Dipole coils
Forward detection with crossing angle
• Electrons on solenoid axis, ions cross at 3° (50 mrad)
– Improves hadron tracking at small angles, also in solenoid (v x B = 0 on axis)
– Outer radius of electron FFQs about 10 cm if 4-6 m from IP
• Common forward dipole has some disadvantages
– Produces synchrotron radiation (field exclusion plates?)
– Field settings according to electron energy, not ion energy
– Requires downstream steering for ions before FFQs
– Introduces a large amount of dead material close to bore
– Even a 1 m diameter aperture offers only 9° incoming acceptance
ions
solenoid
electron FFQs
ion FFQs
3°
0°
dipole
(approximately to scale)
Scattered positive and incoming negative particles bent “down”
additional ion dipole(s)detectors
electrons
5 m 3.5 m 3 m
IP
Alternative dipole geometry
![Page 11: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
12 January 2009 11
Forward detection optimized for DES
• Downstream dipole on ion beam line has several advantages
– No synchrotron radiation
– Positive particles are bent away from the electron beam
– Long recoil baryon flight path gives access to low -t
– Does not interfere with RICH and forward calorimeters
• Used as veto for DES in symmetric kinematics
• Improved hermeticity and lower backgrounds?
exclusive mesons
2.5°
recoil baryons
solenoid
electron FFQs3°
0°
ion dipole w/ detectors
(approximately to scale)
ions
electrons
IP
detectors
ion FFQs
• -t coverage for neutrons
– 9 m flight path from IP to ion FFQ sufficient at 30 GeV
![Page 12: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 January 2009 12
4 m
Forward ion (proton) detection at 250 GeV
• If luminosity is only high at max ion energy, asymmetric kinematics may be unavoidable
recoil baryons
0.5°
• Achieving low-t coverage comparable to symmetric kinematics will require long unobstructed flight paths
– 45 m vs. 9 m (for neutrons; for protons only taking geometry into account)
![Page 13: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
14 December 2009 13
Solenoid yoke integrated witha hadronic calorimeter anda muon detector
EM calorimeter
Conceptual sketch of main detector layout
EM
cal
orim
eter
RICH (DIRC?)
Tracking
RIC
H
Had
roni
c ca
lori
met
er
Muo
n D
etec
tor?
HT
CC
EM
cal
orim
eter
ions
electrons
(not to scale)
Time-of-flightdetectors shownin green
• IP is shown at the center, but can be shifted (left)
– Determined by desired bore angle and forward tracking
DIRC would have thinbars arranged in acylinder with mirrorsand readout after theEM calorimeteron the left
![Page 14: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
12 January 2009 14
DES (and SIDIS) at higher energies – DIRC or RICH?
• With 12 GeV CEBAF, MEIC@JLab has the option of using higher electron energies
– DIRC no longer sufficient for π/K separation
• RICH would extend diameter of solenoid from approximately 3 to 4 m
– Main constraint since bore angle is not an issue in JLab kinematics
4 on 30 GeV
s = 480 GeV2
5 on 50 GeV
s = 1000 GeV2
(10 on 50 GeV)
s = 2000 GeV2
• RICH based on ALICE design might push the limit from 4 to 7 GeV
– Requires a more detailed study
Q2 >
10
GeV
2
![Page 15: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
12 November 2009 15
C. Weiss Lum
inos
ity [
cm-2
s-1
]
s [GeV2]
1035
1034
1033
1032
10 100 1000 10000 100000
COMPASS
JLAB6&12HERMESENC@GSI
(M)EICMeRHIC
DIFFDIS
EW
DES
JETSSIDIS
Nucleon structure beyond the valence region
• MEIC optimized for s of 250-1000 GeV2
(see talks by T. Horn and C. Weiss)
![Page 16: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
12 January 2009 16
• 4T solenoid with 3-4 m diameter
• Hadronic calorimeter and muon detector integrated with the return yoke (c.f. CMS)
• TOF for low momenta
• π/K separation options
– DIRC (BaBar) up to 4 GeV
– RICH (ALICE) up to 7 GeV?
• e/π separation options
– Lead-tungsten
• Very good resolution
– Tungsten powder / scintillating fiber
• Very compact, 6% resolution
TrackingTracking
Solenoid Yoke, Hadron Calorimeter, MuonsSolenoid Yoke, Hadron Calorimeter, Muons
Particle IdentificationParticle Identification
• Central Tracker
– Radius: at least 80 cm assumed
– Microchannel or silicon detectors?
• CLAS12: Micromegas
– Integrated vertex tracker
Central detector
![Page 17: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
12 January 2009 17
• Bore angle: ~45° (line-of-sight from IP)
• High-Threshold Cerenkov
• Time-of-Flight Detectors
• Electromagnetic Calorimeter
• Bore angle: 30-40° (line-of-sight from IP)
• Ring-Imaging Cerenkov (RICH)
• Time-of-Flight Detectors
• Electromagnetic Calorimeter
• Hadronic Calorimeter
• Muon detector (at least small angles)
– Important for J/Ψ photoproduction
TrackingTracking
Electron side (left)Electron side (left)
Ion side (right)Ion side (right)
• Forward / Backward
– IP may be shifted to electron side
• Lower momenta
– 3 regions of drift chambersg
Detector endcaps
![Page 18: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
12 January 2009 18
• Synchrotron radiation is not an issue for outgoing electrons– Can use strong dipole to cover small scattering angles
• Still need steering dipole on either the electron or ion beam line to compensate for independently adjustable beam energies
• Ion quads can be placed closer on electron side.
Low-Q2 tagging? – very conceptual!
3°
0°
“tagger” detector(not to scale)
steering dipolesion FFQs
electron FFQs
dipole
ions
electrons
![Page 19: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
12 November 2009 19
Diffractive and SIDIS (TMDs)4 on 250 GeV4 on 50 GeV
diff
ract
ive
DIS
• Diffractive kinematics for 4 on 50 are still quite symmetric
• Both reactions produce high-momentum mesons only at small angles
• DIRC and forward RICH seem sufficient
• With 3° crossing angle, solenoid and ion-only dipole (5 m from IP) also seem adequate
• To do: study SIDIS kinematics in many bins to see actual coverage!
![Page 20: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
12 November 2009 20
Summary
• Deep exclusive reactions (GPDs) and Semi-Inclusive DIS (TMDs) are essential for studying nucleon/nuclear structure
• Symmetric kinematics are ideal for probing gluons and sea quarks, but require high luminosities (1034) at medium energy
• A 3° crossing angle allows optimization of the forward detection
![Page 21: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
12 November 2009 21
Backup
![Page 22: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• The central detector geometry is currently being implemented in GEANT4– CLAS12 simulation engine (GEMC) is used
– Detector elements modeled down to digitization level
– Standard CLAS tools can be used for analysis of simulated data
– At the moment only the solenoid field has been added
– Will be extended to include beam line on both sides
– Short- and long term event reconstruction options are being pursued
Status of detector simulations at JLab
• The JLab simulation working group is also developing– Event generators for various processes
– A Fast Monte Carlo to explore acceptance and resolution requirements
![Page 23: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
12 January 2009 23
actual (simulated)
ideal solenoid
JLab Hall D: 1.8T solenoid
Tracking resolution
![Page 24: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
12 November 2009 24
JLab CLAS12
![Page 25: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EIC@JLab: electron beam envelopes across FF quads at nominal distance
9.25
Thu Oct 08 18:40:22 2009 OptiM - MAIN: - N:\bogacz\ELIC\MEIC\Optics\IR\ele\e_6m_R_4.opt
10
10
Siz
e_
X[c
m]
Siz
e_
Y[c
m]
Ax_bet Ay_bet Ax_disp Ay_disp
3 GeV
50 cm p50 cm120 cmG[kG/cm]=-1.14 G[kG/cm]=0.71 G[kG/cm]=-0.75600 cm
IP
![Page 26: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
12 November 2009 26
x ~ Q2/ysmEIC at JLab, 11 on 60 GeV
JLab 12 GeV
H1
ZEUS
HERA, y=0.004 mEIC 3 on 20, y=0.004
x
Q2 (
GeV
2 )
s The MEIC@JLab will overlap with HERA and JLab 12 GeV at a comparable luminosity.
mEIC@JLab – kinematic coverage
![Page 27: Detector & Interaction Region Concepts for DES and SIDIS Pawel Nadel-Turonski Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA EICC meeting, January 10–12, 2010, Stony.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe21a28abf838cb4616/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
12 November 2009 27
pp
ppe m
pII
ε
Luminosity
L
s
detector limit synchrotron radiation limits electron current
space charge limits ion current at low momentum
ERL-RingRing-Ring
Luminosity scales with ion momentum if cooling can shrink the ion beam (ε
p)
e p
A medium-energy ring-ring collider provides a high luminosity over a range in s, not only at the end point.
Luminosity