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STRUCTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

METERIOLOGICAL DATAWind Loads BSCP3, Chapter 5 Part 2 (1972)Base wind speed 50 m/sq is variable, minimum value of q is 1.0 kN/m2

EARTHQUAKE LOADINGSeizmic zone is 2B and loading is in accordance with Uniform Building Code.Total base shear (V) is derived from:

Z ×I×CRW

× (W )

The following are classified as Essential Facilities: Control BuildingStandby Power generating Equipment Emergency Services buildingRaw Water TankParaxylene TanksAcetic Acid Tanks

All other items are non essential facilities.

Essential Facilities

Non-Essential Facilities

Process Plant Foundations. 0.172W 0.172W

Buildings and Structures. 0.12W 0.10W

Piperacks. 0.10W 0.10W

Tanks, vessels or pressurised spheres on braced or unbraced legs.

0.229W 0.183W

Stacks, chimneys, silos and skirt-supported vessels, trussed towers, bins and hoppers on braced or unbraced legs.

0.172W 0.14W

Cooling towers, storage racks, cast in piece concrete silos and chimneys having walls continuous to the foundation.

0.138W 0.11W

All other self-supporting structures not covered by the above. 0.172W 0.14W

CONCRETE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

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To be in accordance with Project Engineering Standards 5651 – 40A1, 5651 – 40A2, 5651 – 43A1, 5651 – 43C1 and 5651 – 43C2.Maximum Allowable increased bearing pressures are:

Core Area 200 kN/m2

Non Core Area 250 kN/m2

STRUCTURAL STEELWORKDesign of steel structures shall be to BS449Design, Fabrication and Erection is to be in accordance with Project Engineering Standards 5651 – 40A1, 5651 – 40A2, 5651 – 46A1, 5651 – 46C1, 5651 – 88A1, 5651 – 88C1.Structural steel grades shall conform to BS EN 10025 and shall be as follows:

S275JR (equivalent to Fe430B)S275JO (equivalent to Fe430C)Carbon content shall not exceed 0.23Yield Stress (Fs) shall be 275 N/mm2

N.B. Allowable steel stresses may be increased by 25% to cater for the transient nature of wind and earthquake loads.

COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTIONConcrete to Soil : 0.50Steel to Concrete: 0.45Steel to Steel: 0.30Steel to Lubricated Bearing Plate: 0.10Steel to Teflon: 0.10

DESIGN DATA – REINFORCED AND MASS CONCRETE

PROJECT STANDARDS5651 – 40A1 – Wind, Earthquake and Sand Loading.5651 – 40A2 – Design Loading Buildings, Equipment, Structures and Foundations.5651 – 43A1 – Design of Concrete Foundations, Structures and Paving.5651 – 43C1 – Civil Works.

MATERIALSConcrete: Grade C15 (for Blinding and Mass Concrete Backfilling)

Grade C35 (for General Structural Works)Grade C35A (for Water Retaining Construction)

Weight of Reinforced and Mass Concrete to be 24 kN/m3

REINFORCEMENT

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Type to be Ribbed type 2 to BS4449Grade to be 40Fy to be 460 N/mm2

N.B. Steel stress used for design shall be limited to 400 N/mm2

SOILDensity of Soil is 20 kN/m3

CONCRETE COVER TO REINFORCEMENTBelow Ground: 75 mmSlabs at Grade: (Top) 50 mm

(Bottom) 75 mm(Sides) 75 mm

Above Ground: 50 mmElevated Slabs: 40 mm

STRESS FACTORSAllowable stresses for steel and concrete may be increased by 25%, where appropriate to cater for the transient nature of wind and earthquake loadings.

PILINGPiling Type: 600 mm dia. Bored, Cast-in-place, Reinforced

concrete pileMaximum Vertical Compressive Load: 1200 kNMaximum Vertical Tensile Load: 500 kNMaximum Horizontal Shear at Pile Head: 135 kN

TIE BEAMS FOR FOUNDATIONIndividual pile caps for every building or structure shall be connected by ties in two directions. Each tie shall be capable of restraining tension and compression forces equivalent to a minimum force of 10% of the smaller pilecap loading.

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