Design a Protection System of 220-33 Kv Ramah Grid Station
-
Upload
anand-kumar -
Category
Documents
-
view
104 -
download
8
description
Transcript of Design a Protection System of 220-33 Kv Ramah Grid Station
Design a protection System of 220/33kV Grid Station
United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege of Engineering
Saif Mohammed AL Aryani 200304349Ahmed Soruor AL Shamisi 200304148Mohammed AL Manei 200204241Madyan Ahmed Assirri 200337000
Project Advisor: Dr. Ahmed Gaouda
Examination Committee:Dr. Muftah El-Naas Dr. Imad Barhumi Dr. Hassan Nikkhajoei
Graduation Project Code: EEMI-9
• Introduction• Protection System• Single Line Diagram of Ramah Grid• Busbar Protection• Transformer Protection• Distance Protection• Implementation• Conclusion & Recommendations
OUTLINE
• The graduation Project of our group is proposed from TRANSCO to UAE University.
• Transco Company is building now new Grid Substation in RAMAH to provide the enough power to that area.
Introduction
• Substation is the place where the power is stepped up or down.
• Substation contains:• Feeder• Transformer• Busbar• Bus coupler.• Other Protection equipment
• Ramah Grid Substation power is stepped down by transformers from 220 KV to 33 KV.
Introduction
Design a complete Protection System of 220 KV / 33KV Grid Station using ADWEA standard.
Comparing the design results with existing systems and simulated results.
Implantations of the simulated results.
Introduction Objectives
Building a grid substation is very expensive.
The protection of power system is the first thing that designer thinks about to safe the money and efforts.
Any small mistake in the protection system can cause large damages and the designers will be blamed.
The three goals of this protection are:
Safety of HumansSafety of EquipmentSafety of Supply
Introduction Environmental Effects
• Complete arrangement of protection equipments and other devices.
• Protection Equipments:– Current & Voltage Transformers ( CT & VT ). – Circuit Breaker (CB)– Relay
Protection System
• Relays are like human brain• A device that measures the (Current or voltage) of the system.
.
Protection System Relay
• CT steps down the current to small value to be Suitable to the relay.
Protection System CT
• A switch like a (fuse) that used to interrupt the current flow. It opens on Relay Command.
Protection System Circuit Breaker
Reasons for Zones:Amount of power carriedPhysical Structure.Function.
Protection System Protection Zones
Single Line Diagram of RAMAH Grid
Incoming2Incoming1 Outgiong1 Outgiong2 Bus coupler
The busbar is a bar of copper or aluminum built in switchgear
Bus-Bar Protection Single Line Diagram
In Fault Condition
All Circuit Breaker will open
Bus-Bar Protection
Bus-Bar Protection Simulated System in Normal Condition
Bus-Bar Protection Simulated System in Fault Condition
I1
I2
D +
F
+
I3
I4
D +
F
+G
+
I5
D +
F
-Ix > IocIx 1
2
A
B
Ctrl
Ctrl = 10
TripSignal
CB1
0
| X |
Delay
T
Incoming Current
Outgoing Current
Differential Current
Tripping CBs
Bus-Bar Protection Logics of Busbar Protection
Fault Starts after 1 s
CBs opens after 0.1 s from fault
Bus-Bar Protection Logics of Busbar Protection
Simulation
Bus-Bar Protection
The electrical protection of the Transformer comprises of the following:
Differential Current Protection.
REF (Restricted Earth Fault).
AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator).
Over current protection.
Transformer Protection
•Id = I1 – I2 ≠ 0
Transformer Protection Differential Current Protection
Transformer zone
Transformer Protection Simulated System
Transformer Protection Logics of Differential Protection
In the event of failure or non- availability of the primary protection some other means of ensuring that the fault is isolated must be provided. These secondary systems are referred to as ‘back-up protection.
Back-up protection
Back- Upprotection
Transformer Protection Over Current Protection
Back- Upprotection B1
Transformer Protection Logics of Transformer Protection
Advanced Graph Frame
1.280 1.300 1.320 1.340 1.360 1.380 1.400 ... ... ...
-1.5k
-1.0k
-0.5k
0.0
0.5k
1.0k
1.5k
y
CT1_a CT1_a
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
y
CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155
CT
2C
T1
#1
#3
#2
50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
T3
B1
CB
2C
B1
Transformer Protection System in Normal Condition
Advanced Graph Frame
0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.140 1.160 ... ... ...
-150.00k
-100.00k
-50.00k
0.00
50.00k
100.00k
150.00k
y
CT1_a CT1_a
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
y
Id IP=0.155
Advanced Graph Frame
0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.140 1.160 1.180 ... ... ...
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
y
SF " 0.15 "
CT
2
CB
1
CT
1
#1
#3
#2
50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
CB
2
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
B1
T3
Transformer Protection System in differential fault condition
Advanced Graph Frame
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ... ... ...
-150.00k
-100.00k
-50.00k
0.00
50.00k
100.00k
150.00k
y
CT1_a CT1_a
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
y
CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155
Advanced Graph Frame
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ... ... ...
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
y
Trip signal ( CB1 CB 2)
CT
2
CB
1
CT
1
#1
#3
#2
50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
CB
2
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
B1
T3
Transformer Protection System in differential fault condition
0.4 s
CT
2
CB
1
CT
1
#1
#3
#2
50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
1.0
e-0
06
B1
T3
CB
2
Transformer Protection System in over current fault condition
Simulation
Transformer Protection
Distance protection is used mainly for overhead lines protection.
The main function of distance relays is to make high and fast protection system for the overhead lines.
Distance Protection
Distance Protection Single Line Diagram of outgoing OHLs
Distance =30 Km
Zone1 covers 80% (24 km)
Zone2 covers 100% (30 km)
Distance Protection RAMAH –ALANJAH Overhead Line
Distance Protection is applied to this line
It is divided in two zones:
– Zone-1 Covers 80 % of the Line (24 Km)– Zone-2 covers 100 % of the Line (30 Km)
Distance Protection
The distance is depending on the impedance of the line.
• The voltage is calculated through VT.• The Current is calculated through CT.
)(
)()(
Icurrent
VvoltageZimedance
Distance Protection
• If fault happens in A:• CB1 will operate after time t1
• If fault happens in B:• CB2 will operate.• if it is not operated. CB1 will operate after time t1+0.3s
• If fault happens in C:• CB1 and CB2 will not operate
A BcCB1 CB2
Distance Protection
The impedance of the Line is :
The calculated impedance by Relay:
Z < 80 % Zline
Fault happens in zone-1
80% Zline < Z < Zline
Fault happens in Zone-2
Z> Zline
No Fault happens in Line
Distance Protection
•If calculated impedance in Zone-1:
Relay will trip after t1
•If calculated impedance in Zone-2:
Relay will trip after t1 + 0.3 s
•If calculated impedance outside zones:
Relay will block
Distance Protection
Distance Protection Simulated System in Normal Condition
Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1
Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1
Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1 & CB2 doesn’t operate
vam vbm vcm
vap
vbp
vcp
X1
X2
X3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Mag1 Mag2 Mag3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7) (7) (7)
dc1 dc2 dc3
F F T
F = 50.0 [Hz]
1
v
2
3
1 2 3
12
3
|A|
/_A
|B|
/_B
|C|
/_C
|P|
/_P
|N|
/_N
|Z|
/_Z
ABC
+-0
vam
vbm
vcm
vap
vbp
vcp vzp
vnp
vpp
vzm
vnm
vpm
Va
Voltage Magnitude
Phase
Voltages and phases for sequences
Frequency Scanner Sequence Filter
Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection
iap
ibp
icp
iam
X1
X2
X3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Mag1 Mag2 Mag3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7) (7) (7)
dc1 dc2 dc3
F F T
F = 50.0 [Hz]
1
i
2
3
1ibm
2icm
3
12
3
iam
ibm
icm
iap
ibp
icp izp
inp
ipp
izm
inm
ipm|A|
/_A
|B|
/_B
|C|
/_C
|P|
/_P
|N|
/_N
|Z|
/_Z
ABC
+-0
Ia
Current and phases for sequences
Current Magnitude
Phase
Frequency Scanner Sequence Filter
Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection
TripSignal
O1
B1
iam
iap
izp
izm
vam
vap
VM
IM
I0M
VP
IP
I0P
R
XVa
Ia+ kI
0
Ra
Xa
R
X
21RMS
RMSOpen
BreakerB1
S
XX2
X2
D +
F
+Ix > IocIx
TripSignal
B2
OpenBreaker
B2
SDelay
T
Delay
T
0De
lay TV & I parameters
R-X Plane
Define the Zone of fault
Trip CB1
Trip CB2
Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection
CB opens after 0.3 s from fault
Fault Starts after 1 s
Distance Protection
Simulation
Distance Protection
Implementation
• In this GP; there were long steps of calculations and simulation using PSCAD program which allows the designer to simulate the large values of power in details.
• After doing all these steps; the simulated results will be sent to Transco Company to be as a real setting for the protection system..
Conclusion
Thanks for Good Listening
Any Questions?